INFLUENCE of the TROPICAL MILLIPEDE, Glyphiulus Granulatus (Gervais, 1847), on AGGREGATION, ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, and PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS in the SOIL1

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INFLUENCE of the TROPICAL MILLIPEDE, Glyphiulus Granulatus (Gervais, 1847), on AGGREGATION, ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, and PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS in the SOIL1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E ENGENHARIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PRODUÇÃO VEGETAL VICTOR MAURÍCIO DA SILVA ARTRÓPODES DA CLASSE DIPLOPODA: QUALIDADE E ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO E DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE CAFEEIRO ALEGRE - ES 2017 VICTOR MAURÍCIO DA SILVA ARTRÓPODES DA CLASSE DIPLOPODA: QUALIDADE E ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO E DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE CAFEEIRO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Produção Vegetal, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Produção Vegetal – Solos e Nutrição de Plantas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Renato Ribeiro Passos Coorientador: Prof. PhD. Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ALEGRE - ES 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Setorial de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brasil) Silva, Victor Maurício da, 1985- S586a Artrópodes da classe Diplopoda: qualidade e atributos do solo e decomposição de resíduos de cafeeiro / Victor Maurício da Silva. – 2017. 119 f. : il. Orientador: Renato Ribeiro Passos. Coorientador: Eduardo de Sá Mendonça. Tese (Doutorado em Produção Vegetal) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias. 1. Biologia do solo. 2. Animais do solo. 3. Milípede. 4. Solos – Agregação. 5. Solos – Uso. 6. Decomposição. I. Passos, Renato Ribeiro. II. Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá. III. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias. IV. Título. CDU: 63 VICTOR MAURÍCIO DA SILVA ARTRÓPODES DA CLASSE DIPLOPODA: QUALIDADE E ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO E DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE CAFEEIRO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Doutor em Produção Vegetal, na linha de pesquisa em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas. Aprovada em 23 de fevereiro de 2017 ________________________________ ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Renato Ribeiro Passos Prof. PhD. Eduardo de Sá Mendonça Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Orientador Coorientador _________________________________ ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Demetrius Profeti Prof. Dr. Felipe Vaz Andrade Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Otacílio José Passos Rangel Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo Aos meus pais, Vanderlei e Marinete A minha irmã, Maria Izabel A minha esposa, Ericka A minha filha, Maria Cecília DEDICO. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus por cada momento vivido e cada aprendizado. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo – FAPES, pela concessão de bolsa de Pós-Graduação. Ao Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural - INCAPER, na pessoa do Alex Fabian Rabelo Teixeira, devido ao apoio para as realizações dos trabalhos de campo. À equipe do Laboratório de Solos da UFES, pelo apoio na realização das análises de solo. Aos professores e colegas do Laboratório de Biologia do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, em especial a Prof.ª Zaida I. Antoniolli e Prof. Rodrigo J. S. Jacques, pela amizade, oportunidade de estudo e aprendizado em 2014/01. Ao meu orientador Prof. Renato Ribeiro Passos e co-orientador Prof. Eduardo de Sá Mendonça, pelos cruciais ensinamentos, amizade e apoio aos meus objetivos profissionais. Ao agricultor e Agrônomo Wanderlei Morgan e família pelo apoio e disponibilização das áreas do estudo de campo. Aos meus pais, Vanderlei e Marinete, e a minha querida irmã, Mª Izabel, pelo enorme carinho e apoio incondicional. À minha esposa Ericka por estar sempre ao meu lado e me apoiar durante todo o doutorado. As amizades que eu fiz em Alegre-ES, em especial ao Amilton, Elias, Paulo Henrique (PH), Acácio, Paulo Roberto (Paulinho), Neto, Namara, João Paulo, Gabriel, Ramires, Walas, Felipe Gaspari, Cássio Henrique, Danilo (Lampião), Eduardo (Dudu), Fabiano, Camila, Patrícia, Stéfanie, Tamara, pelo companheirismo e amizade. Ao Prof. Demetrius Profeti, pelos ensinamentos nas análises de Infravermelho. Agradeço também aos professores e técnicos do Laboratório de Solos da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense – UENF pela realização das análises de lignina, celulose e polifenóis do presente estudo. Ao Pesquisador Ricardo Ott e a mestranda Patrícia Elesbão da Silva Rodrigues, pela identificação taxonômica dos diplópodes (Diplopoda) do estudo. À Embrapa Solos, na pessoa do pesquisador Guilherme Kangussú Donagemma, pela realização das análises CHN. SUMÁRIO RESUMO GERAL ...................................................................................................................... 8 GENERAL ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ...................................................................................................... 12 1.1 ASPECTOS GERAIS ................................................................................................. 12 1.2 OBJETIVOS GERAIS E ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA TESE ................................................ 13 CAPÍTULO 1 ............................................................................................................................. 14 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 15 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 18 2.1. INCUBATION EXPERIMENT WITH Glyphiulus granulatus ................................... 18 2.2. EVALUATION AFTER 28 DAYS OF INCUBATION.............................................. 20 2.3. STATISTICAL ANALYSES ....................................................................................... 22 3. RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 22 4. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 FORMATION OF AGGREGATES ............................................................................. 25 4.2. TOTAL SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN .............................................................. 26 4.3. PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS ..................................................................................... 26 4.4. EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY ....................................................... 28 5. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 29 CAPÍTULO 2 ............................................................................................................................. 30 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................. 32 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................................................. 34 2.1. EXPERIMENTO DE INCUBAÇÃO COM Rhinocricus botocudus E Eisenia andrei 34 2.2. EXTRAÇÃO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS .......................................................... 36 2.3. ESPECTROSCOPIA DE INFRAVERMELHO COM TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER (FTIR) ............................................................................................................... 37 2.4. ANÁLISES DE CARBONO E NITROGÊNIO ........................................................... 37 2.5. ANÁLISES ESTATÍSTICAS ...................................................................................... 37 3. RESULTADOS .................................................................................................................. 38 3.1. COT, CSA E RELAÇÕES C/Nsólida E C/Nsolúvel DURANTE A DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE RC + EB .............................................................................................................................. 38 3.2. SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS ....................................................................................... 40 3.3. ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO COM TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER (FTIR) ............................................................................................................... 41 4. DISCUSSÃO ...................................................................................................................... 44 4.1. COT, CSA E RELAÇÕES C/Nsólida E C/Nsolúvel DURANTE A DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE RC + EB .............................................................................................................................. 44 4.2. SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS ....................................................................................... 46 4.3. ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO COM TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER (FTIR) ............................................................................................................... 47 4. CONCLUSÕES ................................................................................................................. 49 INFORMAÇÕES SUPLEMENTARES .............................................................................. 51 CAPÍTULO 3 ............................................................................................................................. 53 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................
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