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ASSESSMENT of DETERMINANTS and EFFECTS of WASTE PREVENTION and MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES POLICIES and STRATEGIES Deliverable 1.2

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ASSESSMENT OF DETERMINANTS AND EFFECTS OF WASTE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES POLICIES AND STRATEGIES Deliverable 1.2 04/10/2017 Version 18 WP 1 Dissemination level Public Deliverable lead CHALMERS José Espí, Lídia Vendrell, Mireia Mesas, Frederic Clarens (CTM) Authors Svetlana Obydenkova, Leonardo Rosado (Chalmers) Livia Mazzà, Isabelle Ronvaux (Ecosistemi), Rita Garcia (U. Coimbra), Ana Pires (NOVA.ID.FCT), Charlotte Voigt (SERI), Reviewers and Maurizio Pioletti (IUAV), Raquel Iglesias (Aj. Sabadell), Richard contributors Elelman, Ana Antolín (CTM) Alexandra Ghenea, Adriana Gheorghe (Ecoteca), Florin Nenciu (GIS), Aldo M. Femia (ISTAT). EAB members: Pilar Chiva, Joan Prummel, Benedita Chaves (LIPOR). The report focuses on the assessment of the determining factors and effects of waste prevention and management policies and strategies. In particular, it covers an assessment based on: desk analysis of WMS polices and strategies; stakeholder surveys and Abstract interviews; and analysis of urban metabolism variables and preliminary indications for the definition of Urban Models for Strategic Waste Planning in the 8 pilot cities. Finally, the report presents the DPSIR (Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model waste framework. Waste prevention; waste management; waste policies; Keywords Determinants and Effects of waste prevention and management; UMAn Model, DPSIR Urban_Wins D1.2 v18 1 1 Contents 1 Contents .............................................................................................2 2 Executive summary ................................................................................4 3 Objective ............................................................................................6 4 Introduction .........................................................................................6 5 Analysis of the state of development concerning Waste Management Planning Policies and Strategies ............................................................................................7 5.1 Emergent trends in the waste sector ......................................................7 5.2 Policies development and implementation ............................................. 10 5.2.1 Synergies with the analysis of current Strategic Planning ....................... 10 5.2.2 Austria................................................................................... 10 5.2.3 Italy ...................................................................................... 11 5.2.4 Portugal ................................................................................. 12 5.2.5 Romania ................................................................................. 13 5.2.6 Spain..................................................................................... 15 5.2.7 Sweden .................................................................................. 17 5.2.8 Analysis from the different countries perspectives............................... 17 6 Recommendations and perspectives ........................................................... 18 6.1 Results achieved: Do the instruments achieve real waste prevention and answer the management needs of cities? ..................................................................... 18 6.1.1 Austria................................................................................... 18 6.1.2 Italy ...................................................................................... 22 6.1.3 Portugal ................................................................................. 24 6.1.4 Romania ................................................................................. 25 6.1.5 Spain..................................................................................... 30 6.1.6 Sweden .................................................................................. 32 6.1.7 Analysis from the different countries perspectives............................... 34 6.2 Available resources match the aims of the policies? .................................. 36 6.2.1 Austria................................................................................... 36 6.2.2 Italy ...................................................................................... 37 6.2.3 Portugal ................................................................................. 38 6.2.4 Romania ................................................................................. 39 6.2.5 Spain..................................................................................... 40 6.2.6 Sweden .................................................................................. 41 Urban_Wins D1.2 v18 2 6.2.7 Analysis from the different countries perspectives............................... 41 6.3 Results achieved by the strategies ....................................................... 42 6.3.1 Austria................................................................................... 42 6.3.2 Italy ...................................................................................... 43 6.3.3 Portugal ................................................................................. 44 6.3.4 Romania ................................................................................. 45 6.3.5 Spain..................................................................................... 47 6.3.6 Sweden .................................................................................. 47 6.3.7 Evaluation of the results achieved by the strategies ............................. 47 7 The social vector: Analysis with the DPSIR framework ..................................... 48 7.1 DPSIR model for waste management and prevention strategies and policies ...... 49 7.1.1 DPSIR: a system approach to address environmental issues ..................... 49 7.1.2 DPSIR within Urban_Wins ............................................................. 51 7.2 Main determinants of the WMPS and policies (based on DPSIR) ...................... 55 7.2.1 Industrialization ....................................................................... 55 7.2.2 Governance ............................................................................. 55 7.2.3 Cultural barriers and the linked geographic context ............................. 56 7.2.4 Environmental Impacts ............................................................... 57 7.2.5 Human behaviour ...................................................................... 57 8 Interpretation of data concerning the explanatory variables of urban metabolism .... 59 8.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 59 8.2 Material flow indicators and determinants .............................................. 60 8.2.1 Explanatory variables ................................................................. 61 8.2.2 Coupling between variables .......................................................... 73 8.2.3 Summary of explanatory variables for urban models............................. 74 8.2.4 Coupling between material flow indicators ....................................... 82 9 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................ 85 10 References ................................................................................ 87 11 Annexes .................................................................................... 91 11.1 Annex A – List of Abbreviations ........................................................... 91 11.2 Annex B - DPSIR model ..................................................................... 92 11.3 Annex C - Summary of Strategic Plans analysed for each pilot city ................. 93 11.4 Annex D - Transcription of the Stakeholders consultation processes ............... 100 Urban_Wins D1.2 v18 3 2 Executive summary Briefly, the report includes 1) a comprehensive analysis of the waste policies and strategies in six European countries based on previous tasks within the project and surveys and interviews to relevant stakeholders. Main aim was to establish the determining factors concerning waste prevention and the most relevant management strategies and policies; 2) the DPSIR (Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Responses) model developed for waste management (WM) and the determinants related that affect these policies and regulations under the social sphere and 3) the identification of the explanatory variables of urban metabolism and their influence on material flows in general and waste generation for the 8 pilot cities. The analysis of the waste policies and strategies has been performed with the objective to answer the following key questions: what are the emerging trends in this sector? What are the relevance of the policy instruments according to theoretical lessons? How are the policies developed and implemented? Do these instruments tackle the real waste prevention and management needs of cities? Do the available resources match the aims of the policies? What are the results achieved by these instruments? The analysis shows that, although there is despite of exists a common framework in all countries (based on the translation of European directives, to national, regional and local level), the mechanisms of development and the objectives and targets for each country are adapted to their reality. For example, most of the countries show that the organic waste as is a key waste stream and indicate differences or difficulties to implement some kind of WM. The main aspects relate to
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