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A Case Study of the Prevention of Emerging Communicable Diseases in Border Areas Between Thailand-Clm Countries (Cambodia-Lao Pdr-Myanmar) 2012-2015

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A Case Study of the Prevention of Emerging Communicable Diseases in Border Areas Between Thailand-Clm Countries (Cambodia-Lao Pdr-Myanmar) 2012-2015 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF THE PREVENTION OF EMERGING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BORDER AREAS BETWEEN THAILAND-CLM COUNTRIES (CAMBODIA-LAO PDR-MYANMAR) 2012-2015 BY MISS SUPAMON INGKHAPRADIT THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2017 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF THE PREVENTION OF EMERGING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BORDER AREAS BETWEEN THAILAND-CLM COUNTRIES (CAMBODIA-LAO PDR-MYANMAR) 2012-2015 BY MISS SUPAMON INGKHAPRADIT A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2017 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (1) Thesis Title DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF THE PREVENTION OF EMERGING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BORDER AREAS BETWEEN THAILAND-CLM COUNTRIES (CAMBODIA-LAO PDR- MYANMAR), 2012-2015 Author Miss Supamon Ingkhapradit Degree Master of Political Science Major Field/Faculty/University International Relations Faculty of Political Science Thammasat University Thesis Advisor Assistant Professor M.L. Pinitbhand Paribatra, Ph.D. Academic Years 2017 ABSTRACT In the twenty first century, challenges in international relations have changed from traditional security (TS) to non-traditional security (NTS) challenges. Among others, emerging communicable diseases have become a threatening issue, posing political, economic and socio-cultural impacts across the borders of nation-states. This paper therefore studies emerging communicable diseases in border areas between Thailand and its neighbors, namely, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar (CLM) from 2012 to 2015. The paper analyzes the Thai government‟s strategies in health cooperation by utilizing liberal perspectives of International Relations with the emphasis on the concept of human security. It argues that, with the necessity and importance of interdependences among states to resolve common human security threats, Thailand will promote health diplomacy and seek cooperation with CLM in order to prevent and control trans-border, emerging communicable diseases. The paper focuses on the roles of Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as it is a leading government agency whose responsibility is to carry out policies and strategies of communicable disease prevention. By pursuing a development cooperation channel with CLM, one of the leading projects under TICA is “Building Awareness and Preparedness for Communicable Diseases and Emerging Diseases along the Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (2) Thailand-Cambodia-Lao PDR-Myanmar Borders”. In the end, this paper will analyze the roles of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and how Thailand‟s developmental foreign policy enhances the relationship between the country and its neighboring countries. Keywords: Development Cooperation, Public Health, International Health Cooperation, Emerging Communicable Diseases, Thailand, CLM countries, TICA Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (3) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my deepest pleasure to thank those who made this study possible, my thesis advisor Assistant Professor Dr. M.L. Pinitbhand Paribatra, for his encouragement and constructive suggestions as well as useful technical assistance during the research work. My success is dedicated to my thesis advisor who has sacrificed his time to take me under his wing. The door of his office was always open whenever I ran into a difficulty or had a question about my study. Special thanks should be given to the thesis committee, Assistant Professor Dr. Chanintira na Thalang, for her professional guidance and helpful recommendations and to Assistant Professor Dr. Pisanu Sunthraraks, for his enlightened comments and valuable perspectives. It is an honor to work with them. I would like to extend my appreciation to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA), especially Thai Cooperation Branch I for kindly contributing intensive and complete information. My thesis journey is inspired by insightful people, Miss Sayan Kongkoey, Mr. Banchong Amornchewin, Miss Pin Sridurongkatham and Mr. Arthit Prasartkul. In addition, my course work would not be smooth without Dr.Walaiporn Bangchaiyapoom and Miss Pronprom Saleekasam, my colleagues at TOT Corporation Public Company Limited, who always give me warm support and a good understanding. I would also like to express my profound gratitude to Ingkhapradit‟s family, especially, Mrs. Suwimon Ingkhapradit who provides me with a great opportunity to study at MIR and was also an expert thesis consultant. I would like to thank my motivator, Miss Phanuphan Phamornpol, who always trusted and believed in my capacity to finish my master‟s degree. Last but not least, I would like to thank Political Science Faculty‟s members and my MIR classmates who have helped me to accomplish this study. Miss Supamon Ingkhapradit Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (4) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT (1) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (3) LIST OF TABLES (7) LIST OF FIGURES (8) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (9) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Question 9 1.3 Objectives 9 1.4 Theoretical Framework 10 1.5 Hypothesis 16 1.6 Literature Reviews 16 1.6.1 Background information on communicable or infectious diseases in globalization 17 1.6.2 Previous studies on the emerging outbreaks in Thailand 17 1.7 Methodology and Scope 25 1.8 Organization of the Study 28 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THAILAND‟S INTERNATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 29 2.1 The Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016 31 2.2 Thailand‟s Development Strategy for National Security Reinforcement 2013-2017 and Thailand‟s Country Strategy 2013-2016 44 2.3 The Second Border Health Development Master Plan 2012-2016 48 Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (5) 2.4 Thailand‟s National Strategic Plan for Emerging Infectious Disease (NSP-EID) Preparedness, Prevention and Response 2013-2016 50 2.5 Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers 53 2.6 Strategy for Project on Building Awareness and Preparedness for Communicable and Emerging Communicable Diseases along Thailand and CLM Borders 56 CHAPTER 3 THAILAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENGY AND DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION POLICY ON PUBLIC HEALTH 60 3.1 Background 61 3.2 The Establishment of TICA 66 3.3 Principles and Rationale for Development Cooperation 68 3.4 Roles, Responsibilities, and Scope of Work 70 3.5 Institutional Structure 72 3.6 Personnel 74 3.7 Development Cooperation in Public Health 77 3.8 Case Study: A Project on Building Awareness and Preparedness for Communicable and Emerging Diseases along the Thailand- Cambodia-Lao PDR-Myanmar Borders 82 3.8.1 Target Areas 83 3.8.2 Budget 85 CHAPTER 4 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 89 4.1 Pilot 1: Preventive Strategy: Building awareness and preparedness 91 4.2 Pilot 2: Information Exchange Centers 97 4.3 Pilot 3: Developing and maintaining Information Exchange Centers and Communication Channels 100 4.4 Pilot 4: Human Resource Development 103 4.5 Pilot 5: Service and Referral System 109 4.6 Pilot 6: Assessment and Evaluation 116 Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (6) CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 118 5.1 Conclusion 118 5.2 SWOT Analysis 121 5.2.1 Strengths 121 5.2.2 Weaknesses 123 5.2.3 Opportunities 125 5.2.4 Threats 128 5.3 Theoretical Contribution and Policy Recommendations 130 REFERENCES 134 BIOGRAPHY 144 Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (7) LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 2.1 The Summary of Emphasis on National Economic and Social Development Plan 32 3.1 The Summary of Organization Transformations 60 3.2 The Summary for Development Cooperation Strategy in Public Health between CLM Countries 78 3.3 Target areas of Project on Building Awareness and Preparedness for Communicable Diseases and Emerging Diseases along the Thailand- Cambodia-Lao PDR-Myanmar Borders 84 3.4 Ministry of Public Health on Thailand Official Development Assistance in Public Health 2012-2015 86 3.5 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (exclude TICA) on Thailand Official Development Assistance in Public Health 2012-2015 87 3.6 Thailand International Cooperation Agency on Thailand Official Development Assistance in Public Health 2012-2015 87 4.1 Pilot 1: Preventive Strategy: Building Awareness and Preparedness 91 4.2 Pilot 2: Information Exchange Centers 97 4.3 Pilot 3: Developing and Maintaining Information Exchange Centers and Communication Channels 100 4.4 Pilot 4: Human Resource Development 103 4.5 Pilot 5: Service and Referral System 109 4.6 Pilot 6: Assessment and Evaluation 116 5.1 SWOT Analysis 130 Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (8) LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1.1 Map of Thailand and neighboring countries 6 2.1 Thailand‟s International Health Policy 30 2.2 New Growth Model 45 2.3 Integration of New Growth Model 47 3.1 The Involvement of Organization System 62 3.2 Institutional Structure 72 3.3 Thai Cooperation Branch I Structure 76 Ref. code: 25605503040163UXQ (9) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Symbols/Abbreviations Terms CLM Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar DTEC Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation MDGs Millennium Development Goals MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoPH Ministry of Public Health NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board ODA Official Development Assistance SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEZ Special Economic
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