RIVER BASIN CONTROL OFFICE

Formulation of

In tegrated River Basin Management and

Development Master Plan (IRBMDMP)

for -Libuganon River Basin

DDRAFT FFINAL RREPORT

VVOLUME IIII

MMAIN RREPORT

August 2014

Table of Contents Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations ...... vi

CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.2 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS...... 1-7 1.2.1 Remaining Natural Forest Cover ...... 1-7 1.2.2 Land Classification ...... 1-7 1.2.3 Land Uses and Vegetative Cover ...... 1-8 1.2.4 Brushland, Grassland, Open, and Cultivated Areas ...... 1-13 1.2.5 Water Management ...... 1-13 1.2.6 Vulnerable Areas ...... 1-13 1.2.7 Land Tenure and Tenurial Instruments ...... 1-20 1.2.8 The National Greening Project (NGP) ...... 1-24 1.3 SLOPE ...... 1-25 1.4 ELEVATION ...... 1-26 1.5 STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE ...... 1-28 1.6 WATER RESOURCES IN THE WATERSHED ...... 1-29 1.7 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN THE WATERSHED SECTOR ...... 1-30 1.7.1 Scope and Limitations of the IWMP ...... 1-30 1.7.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies ...... 1-31 1.8 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT ...... 1-31 1.8.1 Vision ...... 1-31 1.8.2 Purpose and Mission ...... 1-32 1.8.3 Summary of Goals and Objectives ...... 1-32 1.9 MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN ...... 1-34 1.9.1 Management of Remaining Forest Cover ...... 1-34 1.10 MANAGEMENT OF OPEN CANOPY, BRUSHLAND, GRASSLAND, AND CULTIVATED AREAS ...... 1-36 1.11 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION FORESTS ...... 1-36 1.11.1 Protection Forests ...... 1-36 1.11.2 Production Forests ...... 1-37 1.12 ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ...... 1-39 1.13 COLLABORATION WITH VARIOUS STAKEHOLDER AND CLOSING OPEN ACCESS AREAS ...... 1-40 1.14 REHABILITATION THROUGH THE TENURE HOLDER ...... 1-40 1.15 MANAGEMENT OF WATER SOURCES AND WATER BODIES ...... 1-41 1.16 MANAGEMENT OF ALLOCATED FORESTLANDS/ UPLAND ECOSYSTEMS ...... 1-41 1.17 MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS ...... 1-42 1.17.1 Rehabilitation of Riverbanks ...... 1-42 1.17.2 Stream Bank Stabilization ...... 1-43 1.18 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES ...... 1-43 1.18.1 Information, Education, and Communication ...... 1-43 1.18.2 Linkaging and Networking ...... 1-44 1.18.3Research and Development ...... 1-44 1.19 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ...... 1-45

Main Report i Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ...... 2-1 2.1 FLORA ...... 2-1 2.2 FAUNA ...... 2-1 2.3 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS...... 2-3 2.3.1 Biodiversity Conservation Problems and Issues ...... 2-3 2.3.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies ...... 2-4 2.4 PROPOSED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS ...... 2-4

CHAPTER 3 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION ...... 3-1 3.1 TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL PATTERN ...... 3-1 3.1.1 Annual Mean Temperature ...... 3-1 3.1.2 Annual Mean Rainfall ...... 3-1 3.1.3 TLRB Annual Mean Temperature and Rainfall ...... 3-2 3.2 CLIMATOLOGY ...... 3-3 3.3 TYPHOON ...... 3-5 3.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION ...... 3-7 3.4.1 Potential Carbon Stock ...... 3-8 3.5 PROJECTS ...... 3-10

CHAPTER 4 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 4-1 4.1 WATER RESOURCES ...... 4-1 4.2 WATER BALANCE ...... 4-2 4.2.1 Water Balance Assessment and Analysis ...... 4-4 4.3 DEPENDABLE FLOW ...... 4-5 4.4 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES ...... 4-6 4.5 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN RELATION TO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 4-6 4.5.1 Problems and Issues confronting the Water Resources Sector ...... 4-6 4.5.2 Problem Tree Analysis ...... 4-7 4.6 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ...... 4-9 4.6.1 Policy Statements for Water Resources Management and Development ...... 4-9 4.6.2 Development and Management Strategies ...... 4-9 4.6.3 Synthesis ...... 4-10

CHAPTER 5 RIVER AND RIVER DELTA MANAGEMENT ...... 5-1 5.1 MAJOR RIVERS ...... 5-1 5.2 SUB-WATERSHEDS OF TLRB ...... 5-1 5.2.1 Saug River ...... 5-1 5.2.2 Libuganon River ...... 5-1 5.2.3 Tuganay River ...... 5-2 5.3 ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF SAND AND GRAVEL ...... 5-2 5.4 WATER QUALITY ...... 5-3 5.4.1 Libuganon River ...... 5-4 5.4.2 Saug River ...... 5-5 5.4.3 Tagum River ...... 5-8 5.4.4 Tuganay River ...... 5-12 5.4.5 Conclusion ...... 5-15 5.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 5-15 5.5.1 Solid Waste ...... 5-15 5.5.2 Wastewater ...... 5-16

Main Report ii Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

5.6 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS...... 5-16 5.6.1 River and River Delta Problems and Issues ...... 5-16 5.6.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies ...... 5-16 5.6.3 Proposed Projects and Programs ...... 5-17

CHAPTER 6 COASTAL AND AQUATIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ...... 6-1 6.1 PROFILE OF DAVAO GULF ...... 6-1 6.1.1 Water Quality ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Fishes and Invertebrate Species ...... 6-2 6.1.3 Coral Reefs ...... 6-2 6.1.4 Mangroves ...... 6-2 6.1.5 Seagrass Beds ...... 6-3 6.1.4 Mangroves ...... 6-2 6.2 COASTAL AREA OF TLRB ...... 6-3 6.3 AQUATIC RESOURCES ...... 6-5 6.3.1 Mangrove, Seagrass, and Coral Reef ...... 6-5 6.3.2 Marine Protected Area (MPA) and Libuganon Fish Sanctuary ...... 6-5 6.4 FISHERIES ...... 6-6 6.5 ANNUAL BIRD COUNT ...... 6-7 6.6 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 6-8 6.6.1 Issues and Problems ...... 6-8 6.6.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies ...... 6-8 6.7 PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS ...... 6-5

CHAPTER 7 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ...... 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 7-1 7.2 IRRIGATION SYSTEM ...... 7-1 7.3 IRRIGATION PROJECTS ...... 7-5 7.4 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN THE IRRIGATION SECTOR ...... 7-6

CHAPTER 8 FLOOD CONTROL/MITIGATION AND HAZARD MANAGEMENT ...... 8-1 8.1 NATURAL HAZARDS ...... 8-1 8.2 FLOOD FREQUENCY ...... 8-1 8.3 FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN TLRB ...... 8-2 8.3.1 Barangays Vulnerable to Flood ...... 8-3 8.3.2 Level of Flood on Barangays Affected ...... 8-4 8.4 LANDSLIDE HAZARD ...... 8-6 8.4.1 Barangays Vulnerable to Flood ...... 8-6 8.5 CHALLENGES ...... 8-10 8.6 INTERVENTION MEASURES ...... 8-11 8.6.1 Urgent Measures ...... 8-11 8.6.2 Short Term Measures...... 8-14 8.6.3 Long Term Measures ...... 8-14 8.7 PROPOSED WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS ...... 8-15 8.7.1 Structural Intervention ...... 8-15 8.7.2 Non-Structural Intervention ...... 8-16 8.8 FUND SOURCING ...... 8-17 8.9 FINANCING AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME ...... 8-17

Main Report iii Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 9 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ...... 9-1 9.1 GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND DRAINAGE ...... 9-1 9.2 REGIONAL/GENERAL GEOLOGY ...... 9-1 9.3 MINERAL RESOURCES ...... 9-2 9.3.1 Minerals in TLRB ...... 9-2 9.4 STRUCTURE AND SEISMICITY ...... 9-6 9.5 SEISMIC IMPLICATIONS...... 9-7 9.6 SITE GEOLOGY ...... 9-9 9.7 GEOHAZARDS ...... 9-10 9.8 SOIL ...... 9-10 9.8.1 The Babongan Soil ...... 9-11 9.8.2 The Cabangan Soil ...... 9-11 9.9 HAZARD CATEGORY BASED ON DISTANCE FROM THE FAULT LINE ...... 9-13 9.10 HYDROGEOLOGIC/GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS ...... 9-15

CHAPTER 10 MINERAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 10-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10-1 10.2 MINERALIZATION ...... 10-1 10.3 MINERAL RESOURCES ...... 10-2

CHAPTER 11 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ...... 11-1 11.1 ADMINISTRATIVE PROFILE OF TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN ...... 11-1 11.2 POPULATION IN THE BASIN ...... 11-3 11.2.1 Population Density ...... 11-3 11.2.2 Average Annual Population Growth Rate ...... 11-8 11.2.3 Settlement Pattern ...... 11-12 11.2.4 Dependency Ratio ...... 11-13 11.3 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE ...... 11-13 11.4 EDUCATION SITUATIONER IN THE TLRB ...... 11-14 11.5 HEALTH SITUATIONER ...... 11-16 11.5.1 Potable Water Supply ...... 11-17 11.5.2 Household Toilet Facilities and Solid Waste Disposal ...... 11-20 11.6 RELIGION ...... 11-21 11.7 INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/ INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ...... 11-21 11.8 STAKEHOLDERS IN THE TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN ...... 11-25 11.9 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT ...... 11-29 11.9.1 Gender and Development in the ...... 11-29 11.9.2 Gender and Development in TLRB ...... 11-30 11.9.3 Gender Issues Raised During the Stakeholders Workshops ...... 11-30 11.10 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT ...... 11-31 11.11 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND PROGRAMS ...... 11-31

CHAPTER 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 12-1 12.1 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 12-1 12.1.1 Contribution to Gross Domestic Product ...... 12-1 12.1.2 Employment ...... 12-3 12.1.3 Poverty Incidence ...... 12-4

Main Report iv Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

12.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ...... 12-7 12.2.1 Crops Production ...... 12-7 12.2.2 Fishery Production ...... 12-10 12.2.3 Livestock and Poultry ...... 12-11 12.2.3 Industry ...... 12-13

CHAPTER 13 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE ...... 13-1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 13-1 13.2 OBJECTIVE ...... 13-1 13.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUSTAINABLE RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATION ...... 13-1 13.3.1 General Principles of Integrated River Basin Management ...... 13-1 13.3.2 Functions of the Integrated River Basin Management Organization ...... 13-3 13.4 REVIEW OF APPROACHES IN IRBM ...... 13-3 13.4.1 Types of river basin organizations...... 13-4 13.4.2 Performance indicators of good practices in IRBM ...... 13-6 13.5 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SITUATIONER ...... 13-7 13.6 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT AS PROPOSED IN PREVIOUS MASTER PLAN STUDY...... 13-9 13.7 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE FOR THE TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN ...... 13-9 13.7.1 Introduction ...... 13-9 13.7.2 Institutional Assessment in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin ...... 13-10 13.7.3 The Physical Structure of the Governing Body of TLRB ...... 13-11 13.8 GENDER ACTION PLAN ...... 13-20

CHAPTER 14 INVESTMENT PLAN ...... 14-1 14.1 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 14-2 14.2 WATERSHED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT...... 14-2 14.3 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MANAGEMENT ...... 14-2 14.4 SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ...... 14-2

ANNEX A

Main Report v Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

ABBREVIATIONS

GENERAL

ACR Artificial Coral Reef AD Ancestral Domain ADB Asian Development Bank AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines AL Ancestral Land AMC Antecedent Moisture Condition ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim BAS Bureau of Agricultural Statistics BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BRS Bureau of Research and Standard BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management BWSA Waterworks and Sanitation Association CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CBFM Community-based Forest Management CCC Climate Change Commission CFSR Climate Forecast System Reanalysis CIS Construction of Irrigation Systems CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CN Curve Number CPH Census of Population and Housing CRRENIS Construction/Repair/Rehab of Existing National Irrigation System CSC/ISFP Certification of Stewardship Contracts/ Integrated Social Forestry Program DA Department of Agriculture DAO Department Administrative Order DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DBM Department of Budget and Management DepEd Department of Education DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DO Dissolved Oxygen DOE Department of Energy DOH Department of Health DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways EHS Environmental Health and Sanitation EO Executive Order EMB Environmental Management Bureau FLA Fishpond Lease Agreement FLUP Forest Land Use Plan GAD Gender and Development GIS Geographic Information System GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product HRU hydrologic response units IA Irrigators’ Association ICC Indigenous Cultural Community IEC Information, Educational, and Communication IFMA Integrated Forest Plantation Management Agreement

Main Report vi Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

IP Indigenous People IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Plan IWMI International Water Management Institute LCE Local Chief Executive LGU Local Government Unit LLDA Lake Development Authority LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau MinDA Mindanao Development Authority MPA Marine Protected Area MRF Material Recovery Facility MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NAT National Aptitude Test NCR National Capital Region NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NCR National Capital Region NDCC National Disaster Coordinating Council NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NEH National Engineering Handbook NGO Non-Government Organization NGP National Greening Program NIA National Irrigation Administration NIS National Irrigation Systems NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction NWIN National Water Information Network NWRB National Water Resources Board PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration PDP Provincial Development Plans PDRRMO Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PNP Philippine National Police PO Peoples Organization PSA-NSCB Philippine Statistics Authority-National Statistical Coordination Board RBCO River Basin Control Office RBO River Basin Organization RDC Regional Development Council REGPIP Repair Establishment of Groundwater Pump Irrigation Project RREIS Rehabilitation/Restoration of Existing Irrigation Systems RWSA Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Association SCS Soil Conservation Service SIP Small Irrigation Projects SWAT Soil Water Assessment Tool TDS Total Dissolved Solids TLRB Tagum-Libuganon River Basin TSS Total Suspended Solids TWG Technical Working Group USDA United States Department of Agriculture USEP University of Southeastern Philippines VES Vertical Electrical Survey

Main Report vii Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

WWF World Wildlife Foundation

TECHNICAL ha hectare km kilometer km2 square kilometer m meter mm millimeter MT metric ton mg/L milligram per liter mm/day millimeters per day m2 square meter m3 cubic meter m3/day cubic meter per day m3/s cubic meter per second o C degree Celsius

Main Report viii

Chapter 1 Integrated Watershed

Management Plan Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the state of our watersheds has been gradually degrading and declining due to various factors both internal and external that immensely affecting on it. Basically, this can be attributed most of it to man due to his activities that inevitably exerted pressure to the existing/remaining natural resources within the watershed. Sad to note, these pressing problems are continuously intruding into the watershed.

It is apparent that watershed management becomes a more complex decision-making process where all sectors without any exemption, the Government, Industry, labor, religious sectors and even private individuals are all part of the management of the watersheds. Extensive research is one of the identified strategies needed to provide an empirical database that will predict the future changes in watersheds coupled withthe development of integrated watershed management framework in order to synchronize the development of all land and water uses.

The Cabinet Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation composed primarily of several National Government Agencies. By virtue of Resolution 2012-01 is adopting the eighteen (18) major River Basins in the country as priority areas of the Government. Of the 18 major River Basins nationwide, seven (7) are in , three (3) in and eight (8) in Mindanao. Fortunately, two (2) major river basin in Region XI were identified to be included among the eight (8) in Mindanao which includes the Davao River Basin and the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB). The Cabinet Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation opined that human activities including development interventions have significant impacts on our river basins. Due to the interconnectivity of the ecosystems, activities in upland areas have contributed to the siltation and sedimentations of our river systems. Many of our river systems are already silted and need to be dredge in order to enable them to perform their ecological functions as well.

Thus, the formulation of Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB) Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) is imperative to be undertaken within the framework of integrated development planning, operate within a holistic framework, multiple and sustainable approach to provide continuing benefits among others food security, poverty reduction, biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and environmental stability, with the indispensable stakeholders’ participation in the planning, decision and implementation making process.

Background Information

Area and Location

Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB) ranked third (3rd) largest river basin in Mindanao having a catchment area of 315,552.06 ha situated in the Northern part of Davao Region which geographically lies at a latitude of 7⁰10’ N and longitude 125⁰20’E traversing portion of Regions XIII and meandering down to Region XI (please see Figure 1.1-1). Originally, the catchment area is 3,064 square kilometer (please see Figure 1.1-2), however, during public forum, the stakeholders asserted to adopt a new coverage of the River Basin as discovered by the Consultants in their first data gathering and site visit to the TLRB area. The Consultants saw in an old blue print Master Plan map of the DPWH District Office that a channel was made by DPWH in the 1980’sjoining the Tuganay River

Main Report Chapter 1-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin to the Libuganon River. Thus, the inclusion of Municipalities of Carmen and BE Dujali and portions of Davao City and Panabo City (please see Figure 1.1-3).

Administrative Coverage, Authority and Jurisdiction

Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB) embraces three (3) Provinces, namely, del Sur in Region XIII and Compostela Province (COMVAL) and in Region XI and a portion of Davao City. For , only the Municipality of Loreto is situated within the River Basin. Five (5) Municipalities in COMVAL, two (2) components Cities and eight (8) Municipalities in Davao del Norte and three (3) barangays in Davao City are within the River Basin. Please see Table 1.1-1.

Table 1.1-1 Administrative Jurisdiction Per Province/City

Province/City/Municipality Area (ha) % Share

Agusan del Sur 7,620.24 2% 1. Loreto 7,620.24

Compostela Valley (COMVAL) 40,590.41 13% 1. Laak 22,352.03 2. Monkayo 1,391.61 3. Mawab 1,138.37 4. Montevista 14,544.49 5. 1,163.33

Davao del Norte 240,029.49 76% 1. Asuncion 24,369.66 2. B. Dujali 10,025.42 3. Carmen 13,233.68 4. Kapalong 81,443.20 5. New Corella 22,515.76 6. Panabo City 7,553.47 7. Talaingod 36,490.19 8. Tagum City 9,049.09 9. San Isidro 15,275.70 10. Sto. Tomas 20,073.22 Davao City (Mapula, Tapak and 27,311.35 9% Paradise Embak) GRAND TOTAL 315,552.06 100% Province/City/Municipality Area (ha) % Share

Agusan del Sur 7,620.24 2% 2. Loreto 7,620.24

Compostela Valley (COMVAL) 40,590.41 13% 1. Laak 22,352.03 2. Monkayo 1,391.61 3. Mawab 1,138.37 4. Montevista 14,544.49 5. Nabunturan 1,163.33

Davao del Norte 240,029.49 76% 1. Asuncion 24,369.66

Main Report Chapter 1-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

2. B. Dujali 10,025.42 3. Carmen 13,233.68 4. Kapalong 81,443.20 5. New Corella 22,515.76 6. Panabo City 7,553.47 7. Talaingod 36,490.19 8. Tagum City 9,049.09 9. San Isidro 15,275.70 10. Sto. Tomas 20,073.22 Davao City (Mapula, Tapak and 27,311.35 9% Paradise Embak) GRAND TOTAL 315,552.06 100% Source: DENRXI, GIS-2013

Among the Provinces and Cities situated within the River Basin, Davao del Norte Province covers the vast area of TLRB with about 240,029.49 ha representing 76% of the total area of the river basin, followed by Compostela Valley Province having an area of 40,590.41 ha equivalent to 13%, Davao City with an area of 27,311.35 ha or 9% and Agusan del Sur, particularly Municipality of Loreto coversthe smallest area of 7,620.24 ha or 2%.

Loreto, Agusan del Sur and Davao City, although they have a small portion of area within the River Basin, their contribution in maintaining the supply of water to the lowlands is highly significant as they served as the headwaters or the source of the river basin capable of supplying water to an area of 280,619.90 ha or 89% combining Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte.

Strategic Importance

The TLRB is of high aesthetic importance as it hosts number of caves and waterfalls that are potential ecotourism sites specifically Talaingod, New Corella and Kapalong. Madgao River in Asuncion is potential site for kayaking and leisure. It supports the water requirements of large, medium, and small-based banana industries like TADECO, STANFILCO, DOLE, HERBCO, SUMIFRU, Marsman, Lapanday plantations, irrigations, including water suppliers and water districts that deliver the water requirements of the communities within the TLRB.

Main Report Chapter 1-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.1-1 Location Map of TLRB

Main Report Chapter 1-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.1-2 Old Administrative Map of TLRB

Main Report Chapter 1-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.1-3 Administrative Boundaries of Cities and Municipalities in TLRB

Main Report Chapter 1-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

1.2 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

The Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan adopts a ridge to reef principles which in this case shall assess and make corresponding analysis on the land uses, existing tenures, water resources, minerals, mangroves and coastal resources including interventions. As such, it is imperative to know the determinative implications of all those present and future resources to food and water security, biodiversity and socio-economic impacts.

1.2.1 Remaining Natural Forest Cover

The remaining natural forest cover of TLRB is 81,977.23 ha, concentrated in Kapalong and Talaingod. The management of these remaining forest cover is being done through collaborative efforts of the stakeholders, LGUs within the TLRB and DENR such as implementation of National Greening Program (NGP) and formulation of Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP). FLUP is a management tool for establishing accountabilities and promoting responsible forest resource management by ensuring that production activities are in balance with forest protection and biodiversity conservation using a ridge-to-reef framework.

1.2.2 Land Classification

Of the total area of 315,552.06 ha, about 168,952.92 ha equivalent to 54% of the river basin are forestlands while the remaining 146,599.30 has or 46% are alienable and disposable (A&D) lands. Among the cities/municipalities situated in the River Basin, the Municipality of Kapalong has the biggest timberland of 63,665.89 ha followed by Talaingod and Davao City with about 33,329.85 ha and 22,460.96 ha, respectively. See Table 1.2-1 and Figure 1.2-1.

Table 1.2-1 Land Classification by City/Municipality

Province/City/ Forestlands % A&D (ha) % Total Area (ha) Municipality (ha)

Agusan del Sur 7,620.24 -- 7,620.24 1. Loreto 7,620.24 4.51% -- 7,620.24 Compostela Valley (COMVAL) 18,646.19 21,944.18 40,590.41 1. Laak 8,825.20 5.22% 13,526.83 9.23% 22,352.03 2. Monkayo 823.39 0.49% 568.30 0.39% 1,391.61 3. Mawab 387.70 0.23% 751.25 0.51% 1,138.37 4. Montevista 7,672.51 4.54% 6,871.78 4.69% 14,544.49 5. Nabunturan 937.40 0.55% 226.01 0.15% 1,163.33

Davao del Norte 120,225.52 119,804.24 240,029.49 1. Asuncion 4,116.21 2.44% 20,253.36 13.82% 24,369.66 2. B. Dujali -- -- 10,025.42 6.84% 10,025.42 3. Carmen 35.89 0.02% 13,197.79 9% 13,233.68 4. Kapalong 63,935.42 37.84% 17,508.16 11.94% 81,443.20 5. New Corella 5,452.64 3.23 17,063.13 11.64% 22,515.76 6. Panabo City 365.28 0.22% 7,188.19 4.90% 7,553.47 7. Talaingod 33,329.85 19.73% 3,160.94 2.167% 36,490.19 8. Tagum City 8.25 0.005% 9,040.84 6.17% 9,049.09 9. San Isidro 10,262.74 6.07% 5,012.96 3.42% 15,275.70

Main Report Chapter 1-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

10. Sto. Tomas 2,719.76 1.61% 17,252.46 11.84% 20,073.22 Davao City (Mapula, Tapak& 22,460.96 13.29% 4,850.88 3.31% 27,311.35 Paradise Embak) GRAND TOTAL 146,599.30 100% 168,952.92 100% 315,552.06 % Total Area 54% 46% Source: DENRXI, GIS-2013

Figure 1.2-1 Land Classification Map

1.2.3 Land Uses and Vegetative Cover

Per DENRXI GIS (2010), the dominant vegetative cover of TLRB are the perennial crops covering a total area of 110,385.33 ha or 34.99% of its total area followed by an open canopy forest and annual crops about 46,816.17 ha and 44,047.76 ha, respectively. Of the entire area of TLRB only Davao del Norte and Loreto, Agusan del Sur has the remaining closed forest combining an area of 9,305.01 ha or just 2.95% of the total area. See Figure 1.2-2 for the Vegetative Cover Map.

The management and protection of these remaining forest cover is being done through collaborative efforts of the stakeholders, LGUs within the TLRB, DENR and other National Government Agencies including the Philippine National Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).

Main Report Chapter 1-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 1.2-3 Vegetative Cover of TLRB by Province/City

Loreto, Vegetative Davao del Compostela Agusan Davao TOTAL % Cover Norte (ha) Valley (ha) del Sur City (ha) (ha) Dist. (ha) - Closed forest 7,900.29 1,404.72 9,305.01 2.95

Open Forest 40,492.08 - 5,723.25 600.84 46,816.17 14.84

Annual Crop 36,830.58 7,217.18 44,047.76 13.96

Built-up 4,433.48 221.65 20.32 4,675.45 1.48

Grassland 4,123.23 50.79 7,196.84 11,370.86 3.60

Inland Water 5,258.21 473.31 37.06 348.40 6,116.99 1.94

Perennial Crop 78,193.82 30,779.26 1,412.26 110,385.33 34.99

Shrubs 42,199.09 1,337.29 117.97 9,873.71 53,528.06 16.97 Wooded grassland 20,431.12 510.90 337.25 7,859.48 29,138.74 9.24

Fishpond 36.38 7,217.18 36.38 0.01 Mangrove Forest 94.25 221.65 94.25 0.03 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

a) Vegetative Cover of Municipality of Loreto

The vegetative cover of the Municipality of Loreto particularly Barangay Kasapa I and Sitio Marang where TLRB emanates is being dominated by open and closed forests of about 5,723.25 ha or equivalent to 75.11% and 1,404.72 ha or 18.43%, respectively.

Table 1.2-4 Vegetative Cover of Municipality of Loreto

LORETO Forestland (ha) TOTAL(ha) % Dist.

Closed Forest 1,404.72 1,404.72 18.43 Inland Water 37.06 37.06 0.49 Open Forest 5,723.25 5,723.25 75.11 Shrubs 117.97 117.97 1.55 Wooded grassland 337.25 337.25 4.43 TOTAL 7,620.24 7,620.24 18.43 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

Main Report Chapter 1-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

b) Vegetative Cover of Compostela Valley Province

Among the five (5) Municipalities of ComVal situated within the TLRB, the Municipalities of Laak and Montevista have the most area covered with perennial crops. These perennial crops have a total TLRB-wide area of 30,163.67.26 ha or 74.31% of the entire area. Plantation forest established by tree farmers across the five (5) Municipalities were noted, however, it only represents a little area about 615.59 ha or just a representative of 1.52%.

Table 1.2-5 COMVAL Vegetative Cover

Vegetative Mawab Monkayo Montevista Nabunturan TOTAL Laak (ha) % Dist. Cover (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Plantation Forest 273.59 22.71 26.92 270.77 21.6 615.59 1.52 Annual Crop 6,684.35 479.78 53.05 7,217.18 17.78 Built-up 189.48 5.73 26.44 221.65 0.55 Grassland 50.79 50.79 0.13 Inland Water 226.40 3.49 39.77 194.43 9.22 473.31 1.17 Perennial Crop 13,405.74 1,112.74 1,319.27 13,267.65 1,058.27 30,163.67 74.31 Shrubs 1,074.73 241.28 21.28 1,337.29 3.29 Wooded grassland 446.95 63.95 510.90 1.26 TOTAL AREA 40,590.38 100.00 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

c) Vegetative Cover of Davao del Norte

Davao del Norte covers two (2) legislative districts. For cities/municipalitiesof Davao del Norte situated within TLRB, the most dominant vegetative cover is perennial crops about 24,352.22 ha or 47.22% of its total area. Only few plantation forests are present on these areas because of its land uses where most of it is planted with agricultural products.

Table 1.2-6 TLRB Vegetative Cover for District I of Davao del Norte

Vegetative B. Dujali Carmen Panabo Sto. Tomas Total (ha) % Dist. Cover (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha)

Annual Crop 5,317.04 6,530.17 354.83 4,343.66 16,545.70 32.52 Built-up 212.28 439.80 141.76 831.77 1,625.62 3.19 Grassland 99.87 764.55 864.42 1.70

Inland Water 543.75 396.35 202.91 570.76 1,713.77 3.37 Open Forest 6.73 6.73 0.01

Plantation forest - - - 325.50 325.50 0.64 Perennial Crop 3,952.35 5,795.24 5,506.33 9,098.30 24,352.22 47.22

Main Report Chapter 1-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Shrubs 823.31 3,314.00 4,137.30 8.13

Wooded grassland 424.47 1,143.46 1,567.92 3.08

Fishpond 22.55 22.55 0.04

Mangrove Forest 49.57 49.57 0.10

Total 10,025.42 13,233.68 7,553.47 20,073.23 50,885.80 100.00 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

District II of Davao del Norte is composed of the Tagum City and the Municipalities of Asuncion, Kapalong, San Isidro, New Corella and Talaingod. It is worth to mention that the Timberlands in the Talaingod and Kapalong have still a remaining close forestof about 7,900.29 ha or equivalent to 4.18% while the open forests have an area of 40,485.35 ha or 21.41%. These vegetative covers on those timberland areas are very vital in sustaining the biodiversity of the River Basin.

Table 1.2-7 TLRB Vegetative Cover for District II of Davao del Norte

New Vegetative Asuncion Kapalong San Isidro Tagum Talaingod % Corella Total (ha) Cover (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Dist. (ha) Close forest 2,302.42 5,597.87 7,900.29 4.18 Annual Crop 8,252.32 3,946.77 6,739.20 313.16 829.69 203.74 20,284.88 10.73

Built-up 304.53 420.09 212.52 67.53 1,767.96 35.24 2,807.87 1.48

Grassland 300.17 1,623.01 22.30 38.99 1,274.34 3,258.82 1.72 Inland Water 659.91 1,630.03 372.91 282.89 197.89 400.81 3,544.45 1.87 Open Forest 1.73 29,268.90 5.92 11,208.79 40,485.35 21.41 Perennial Crop 10,889.86 11,116.18 13,860.66 10,825.52 6,066.31 1,083.09 53,841.60 28.47

Shrubs 1,715.21 23,366.89 1,301.50 3,258.49 111.85 8,307.85 38,061.79 20.13 Wooded grassland 2,245.94 7,748.92 0.75 489.13 8,378.47 18,863.19 9.97

Fishpond 13.83 13.83 0.01 Mangrove Forest 44.68 44.68 0.02

TOTAL 24,369.66 81,423.21 22,515.76 15,275.70 9,032.21 36,490.20 189,106.73 100.00 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

Main Report Chapter 1-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.2-2 Vegetative Cover Map of TLRB

d) Vegetative Cover of Davao City (Tapak, Mapula & Paradise Embak)

Only few patches of standing trees were left on these upland areas of Davao City as shown in Table 1.2-8. Open forest have an area of 600.84 ha representing 2.20% only. Grassland, shrubs and wooded grassland are the dominant vegetative cover on these three (3) barangays.

Table 1.2-8 Combined Vegetative Cover of Tapak, Mapula & Paradise Embak

Vegetative Cover Total Area (ha) % Distribution Built-up 20.32 0.07 Grassland 7,196.84 26.35 Inland Water 348.40 1.28 Open Forest 600.84 2.20 Perennial Crop 1,412.26 5.17 Shrubs 9,873.71 36.15 Wooded grassland 7,859.48 28.78 TOTAL 27,311.84 100.00 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

Main Report Chapter 1-12 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

1.2.4 Brushland, Grassland, Open, and Cultivated Areas

Cultivated areas mixed with brushland and grassland are widely spread on the entire TLRB covering an area of 64,898.92 ha representing 21% of the total TLRB area. These areas are being utilized for upland agriculture and plantation crops. Cultivation/tillage is in existence even in steep slopes. Adoption of productive and environment friendly soil and water conservation measures are very minimal which truly lead to erosions, gully formation and siltation to rivers.

1.2.5 Water Management

TLRB provides water for various uses which include domestic, industrial, commercial, irrigation, fisheries, livestock raising, recreational, municipal/city and other purposes. The supply of water is made possible by the presence of various tributaries / water bodies such as lakes, rivers and creeks, waterfalls and groundwater. A lot of these waterfalls can be found in the municipalities of Kapalong, New Corella, Laak and Mawab. Inasmuch as springs abound in the watershed and because of the presence of remaining vegetation or natural forest cover in the upper watersheds like Talaingod and Kapalong it is logical to assume that the watershed still have abundant groundwater. However, at present, there is an insufficient surface water supply for irrigation purposes.

1.2.6 Vulnerable Areas

Flood Prone Area

Areas that were mostly hit by flood are low-lying barangays in Kapalong, Dujali, Carmen, Sto. Tomas, Asuncion, New Corella, San Isidro, Laak, and Tagum City. Table 1.2-9 presents the barangays vulnerable to flood occurrence while Figure 1.2-3 shows the areas most affected by flooding. Several factors that contribute to flood hazard include rainfall, proximity of the area to the rivers and streams, vegetation cover, improper land use, river morphology, and presence of structures and communities in flood prone areas, including current solid waste management practices. Waste from households, agricultural and industrial areas are not being dumped properly to its rightful place. Wastes from the households and even banana plantations are being dumped along the rivers and creeks. Segregation, waste recycling, composting and other best practices on solid waste management still remains to be a challenge to DENR, LGU and other implementing agencies. Lack of forest cover also contributes to the flooding situation in these areas.

Table 1.2-9 Barangays Vulnerable To Flood Occurrence in TLRB

Barangay Municipality Province Area (has.) % to Total Area

Sta. Felomina Asuncion Davao del Norte 611.26 3.925 Buan Asuncion Davao del Norte 503.96 3.236 Buclad Asuncion Davao del Norte 616.23 3.957 Cambanogoy Asuncion Davao del Norte 975.63 6.265 Canatan Asuncion Davao del Norte 490.25 3.148 New Bantayan Asuncion Davao del Norte 6.35 0.0407 Concepcion Asuncion Davao del Norte 727.42 4.671 Cabaywa Asuncion Davao del Norte 630.83 4.051 Doña Andrea Asuncion Davao del Norte 12.76 0.082

Main Report Chapter 1-13 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Napungas Asuncion Davao del Norte 840.86 5.399 Sagayen Asuncion Davao del Norte 660.84 4.243 Sonlon Asuncion Davao del Norte 438.27 2.814 Sto. Niño New Corella Davao del Norte 446.07 2.864 Sta. Cruz New Corella Davao del Norte 1097.95 7.050 New Sambog New Corella Davao del Norte 461.11 2.960 San Roque New Corella Davao del Norte 932.64 5.989 Del Pilar New Corella Davao del Norte 1133.74 7.280 Suawon New Corella Davao del Norte 223.12 1.433 Mesaoy New Corella Davao del Norte 1149.24 7.379 New New Corella Davao del Norte 405.40 2.603 Cabidianan New Corella Davao del Norte 156.15 1.003 Macgum New Corella Davao del Norte 413.50 2.655 Mambing New Corella Davao del Norte 86.26 0.554 New Corella Davao del Norte 594.93 3.820 Sabangan San Isidro Davao del Norte 13.23 0.085 Igangon San Isidro Davao del Norte 105.73 0.679 Magupising Dujali Davao del Norte 0.05 0.0003 Pagsabangan Tagum Davao del Norte 525.10 3.372 Mankilam Tagum Davao del Norte 5.51 0.035 Cuambogan Tagum Davao del Norte 65.51 0.420 Binasbas Laak Compostela Valley 40.46 0.260 Amorcruz Laak Compostela Valley 356.96 2.292 BagongSilang Laak Compostela Valley 265.01 1.702 Kapatagan Laak Compostela Valley 581.29 3.733 Total 15,573.62 100.000 Source: Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI

Main Report Chapter 1-14 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.2-3 Flood Hazard Map

Main Report Chapter 1-15 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Residents near the junction where the Tagum-Libuganon River and Saug River from New Corella joined together in Pagsabangan, Tagum City and Esperanza, Sto. Tomas on the other side of the river bank experience higher flood levels of 3-4 meters high. In Barangay Esperanza, Sto. Tomas during one particular high flood event, only the roof of the elementary school building was visible. The government has plans to transfer the school on a higher ground on the opposite side where the dikes act as protection from flood. (Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI). Table 1.2-10 indicates the highest flood mark observed in TLRB.

Table 1.2-10 Highest Flood Mark within TLRB

Highest Flood Coordinates Location Elevation (m) (m) Latitude Longitude Tagpopoot Creek, 7˚41’26.4” 125˚39’43.0” Florida, Kapalong 3 39 Purok 1, Florida, 7˚41’26.4” 125˚39’48.2” Kapalong 5 12 Brgy. Hall, Kapungagan, 7˚37’24.2” 125˚12’8.3” Kapalong 1 16 Kapalong Gym 2 7˚35’7.1” 125˚42’29.9” 22 Kapalong Nat’l. High 7˚35’2.3” 125˚42’11.0” School 1 23 MagatosBrgy. Hall 7˚33’22.1” 125˚43’29.4” 1 25 Municipal Gym, 7˚33’23.7” 125˚43’29.9” Magatos 1 24 Anislagan, Macgum 7˚41’4.9” 125˚50’3.1” 1 12 Buclad Day Care 2 7˚30’92.7” 125˚45’15.3” 7 Ctr., Asuncion Concepcion Elem. 2 7˚39’37.5” 125˚45’52.8” 28 Sch, Asuncion SagayenBrgy. Hall, 1.5 7˚38’46.8” 125˚45’38.0” 13 Asuncion Doña Andrea Brgy. 1.20 7˚36’48.1” 125˚45’31.7” 31 Hall, Asuncion Doña Andrea Gate, 1 7˚36’48.4” 125˚45’31.4” 32 Asuncion Sta. Felomina Dryer, 2 7˚37’22.1” 125˚46’22.0” 4 Asuncion CanatanBrgy. Hall, 50 cm 7˚35’49.3” 125˚45’24.4” 3 Asuncion Canatan Elem. Sch, 50 cm 7˚35’48.0” 125˚45’21.9” 3 Asuncion KabaywaBrgy. Hall, 1 7˚34’82.0” 125˚45’24.2” 4 Asuncion Asuncion Gym Right 50 cm 7˚32’16.8” 125˚45’15.6” 20 Side, Asuncion Asuncion Gym Left 50 cm 7˚32’17.4” 125˚45’16.3” 19 Side, Asuncion Anislagan, Macgum, 1 7˚41’4.9” 125˚50’3.1” 12 Asuncion Source: Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI

Main Report Chapter 1-16 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Landslide and Soil Erosion Prone Areas

The largest area that is highly vulnerable to landslide occurs in the higher slopes comprising the municipalities of Kapalong, Talaingod, San Isidro, Asuncion, Montevista, Nabunturan, Mawab, and Monkayo. This indicates that these areas have poor soil condition and low crop productivity resulting to reduced income of farmers. Moderate erosion is observed in the municipalities of Panabo City, Laak and portion of New Corella. See Table 1.2-11 for the list barangays highly vulnerable to landslide occurrences in TLRB.

In general, large volumes of sediment flowing in the tributaries of TLRB are found to have originated from: a. Sheet and rill erosion from cultivated upland farms mostly located in upper watersheds; b. Erosion resulting from the clearing of forested areas located in steep slopes usually implementing slash and burn practices; c. Erosion from gully heads cuttings of cultivated uplands and terraces, landslides and sloughing of vertical stream bank encampments; d. Stream channel degradation; e. Stream bank erosion due to high velocity of peak flows; and f. Erosion from roads and trails.

Table 1.2-11 Barangays highly vulnerable to landslide occurrence

% to Total Barangay Municipality Province Area (has.) Area Sonlon Asuncion Davao del Norte 218.48 2.096 Binancian Asuncion Davao del Norte 956.93 9.180 Buan Asuncion Davao del Norte 965.69 9.260 Camansa Asuncion Davao del Norte 1,308.70 12.550 Carcor New Corella Davao del Norte 0.88 0.008 Suaon New Corella Davao del Norte 15.73 0.151 Cabidianan New Corella Davao del Norte 330.28 3.168 Del Monte New Corella Davao del Norte 168.44 1.616 El Salvador New Corella Davao del Norte 87.25 0.840 New Bohol New Corella Davao del Norte 21.72 0.208 New Cortez New Corella Davao del Norte 322.22 3.091 Patrocenio New Corella Davao del Norte 88.89 0.853 Limbaan New Corella Davao del Norte 156.78 1.504 Sta. Fe New Corella Davao del Norte 116.50 1.118 Mambing New Corella Davao del Norte 329.37 3.160 Monte Dujali San Isidro Davao del Norte 411.51 3.947 Pinamuno San Isidro Davao del Norte 202.91 1.946 Gupitan Kapalong Davao del Norte 0.33 0.003 Kapatagan Laak Compostela Valley 26.66 0.256 Kaligutan Laak Compostela Valley 211.39 2.028 Naga Laak Compostela Valley 582.06 5.583 Ampawid Laak Compostela Valley 9.95 0.095 San Antonio Laak Compostela Valley 153.27 1.470 Longanapan Laak Compostela Valley 566.70 5.440 Kidawa Laak Compostela Valley 299.21 2.870 Kilagding Laak Compostela Valley 535.72 5.139

Main Report Chapter 1-17 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Langtud Laak Compostela Valley 37.64 0.360 New Sibonga Nabunturan Compostela Valley 151.57 1.454 Tigabok Mawab Compostela Valley 6.32 0.061 Tuboran Mawab Compostela Valley 112.58 1.079 Salvacion Mawab Compostela Valley 170.59 1.636 Montevista Compostela Valley 1,734.06 16.634 Monkayo Compostela Valley 124.70 1.196 Total 10,425.02 100.00 Source: Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI

There are a total of 10,425.02 ha or 10.44% of the total watershed area that are classified as highly vulnerable to landslide. These comprise 9 municipalities and a total of 32 barangays. These include 4 upland barangays of Asuncion such as Sonlon, Binancian, Buan, and Camansa. Eleven barangays of New Corella are also affected such as Carcor, Suaon, Cabidianan, Del Monte, El Salvador, New Bohol, New Cortez, Patrocenio, Limbaan, Sta. Fe, and Mambing. Two barangays in San Isidro were affected by landslide namely Monte Dujali and Pinamuno, while one barangay in Kapalong is affected which is barangay Gupitan. Nine barangays were also affected in Laak while three barangays of Mawab, and one Barangay ofNabunturan which is barangay New Sibonga. About 8 barangays of Montevista are affected and two barangays of Monkayo, namely barangay Casoon and San Isidro. (Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI)

The top six barangays where more than 500 ha are affected by landslide are barangay Camansa of Asuncion with 1,308.70 ha or 12.55%, followed by barangay Buan and Binancian, also of Asuncion with 965.79 ha or 9.26% and 956.93 ha or 9.18% respectively. This is followed by barangay Naga in Laak with 582.06 ha or 5.558%; Longanapan, Laak with 566.70 ha or 5.44% and barangay Kilagding, Laak with 535.72 ha or 5.14% of the total highly vulnerable areas. (Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD- ERDS XI.)

Hazard Category Based on Distance from the Fault Line

Areas near fault lines have very high vulnerability to landslides compared to those that are located far from it. This is due to the fact that fault lines are sensitive to earth movements and earthquake.

Results of the study conducted by DENR-ERDS Region XI showed that municipalities of Kapalong and Talaingod have very high vulnerability as seen in Figure 1.2-4, TLRB Geologic Map. In Talaingod, the fault line is outside of the watershed but near the watershed boundary; in the side, barangays that are considered highly vulnerable to landslides and near on fault lines are Kilagding, Longganapan, and Naga in Laak; Mambing and Sta. Fe in New Corella; and Sonlon in Asuncion. Table 1.2-12 shows the barangays and municipalities most vulnerable to Landslide which are also near fault lines. Figure 1.2-5 shows the major fault lines found within TLRB.

Main Report Chapter 1-18 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.2-4 Geologic Map of TLRB

Table 1.2-12 Localities Near Fault Line and are Highly Vulnerable to Lanslide

Municipality Barangay Kilagding Laak Longganapan Naga New Corella Sta. Fe Asuncion Sonlon

Main Report Chapter 1-19 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.2-5 Fault Line Map of TLRB

1.2.7 Land Tenure and Tenurial Instruments

Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT)

Under the IPRA law, the Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICC) are given due recognition of their rights to possess and cultivate the lands of their ancestors since time immemorial in the form of a CADT. It provides rights to the Indigenous Peoples (IPs), including the control of land and its resources subject to existing laws, the right to stay in the territory, even the right to regulate entry of migrants. With their certificate, the community could also avail itself of a government Ancestral Domain Sustainability Development and Protection Plan, which is a package of economic and social services.

The Indigenous Peoples under the care and guidance of the National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) in collaboration and partnership with the Local Government Units and National Government Agencies including the PNP and AFP, has been given CADT in areas within the TLRB covering a total area of 161,227.45 hectares across the two (2) Provinces of Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte. There are also some applications of IPs in the area concerned pending review and evaluation by NCIP including the portions of Loreto, Agusan del Sur.

Main Report Chapter 1-20 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Integrated Forest Management Agreement (IFMA)

IFMA is a production sharing contract entered into by and between the DENR and a qualified applicant wherein the DENR grants to the latter the exclusive right to develop, manage, protect and utilize a specified area of forestland and forest resources therein for a period of 25 years and may be renewed for another 25-year period, consistent with the principle of sustainable development and in accordance with an approved Comprehensive Development and Management Plan (CDMP) and under which both parties share in its produce. (DENR Administrative Order No. 99-53).

In TLRB, only one (1) IFMA was issued by the DENR which remains existing until to date. IFMA No. 007 was issued under the name of Alcantara and Sons, Inc (ALSONS) covering an area of 19,715.23 ha found in the timberlands of Talaingod and Kapalong, Davao del Norte.

Community Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA)

CBFMA is a production sharing agreement between the Department of Environment Natural Resources and the participating people’s organization (POs) for a period of 25 years renewable for another 25 years and shall provide tenurial security and incentives to develop, utilize and manage specific portions of forest lands. (DENR Administrative Order No. 96-29).

As of 2010, DENRXI has already issued tenure to a total land area of 21,727.83 hectares covering Municipalities of Asuncion, Kapalong and New Corella, all in Davao del Norte, while in Compostela Valley, it has closed open access to an aggregate land area of 8,322.20 hectares consisting of Municipalities of Laak, Montevista and Nabunturan. All in all, the CBFMA issued covers a total area for the two (2) Provinces of about 30,050.04 hectares (please see Table 1.2-14).

Table 1.2-14 CBFMA Issued by DENR by Province by Municipality

Davao del Norte Total Area (ha) Asuncion 2,861.00 Kapalong 15,904.22 New Corella 2,962.62 TOTAL 21,727.83 ComVal Laak 1,915.25 Montevista 4,282.29 Nabunturan 2,124.66 TOTAL 8,322.20 GRAND TOTAL 30,050.04 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

Timber poaching and Kaingin making are present in these areas. Conversion of forestlands to agriculture use is prevalent. The problem with most of these tenured areas

Main Report Chapter 1-21 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin basically stemmed from lack of well-funded management plan and sustained implementation.

Table 1.2-13 ICC/IP by Location or Covered LGU Areas

ICC / Indigenous Location / Covered areas Area (ha) Peoples Ata Davao City 20,973.33 Ata- Manobo Davao City, Kapalong, 109,238.88 Kapalong , Sto. Tomas Dibabawon Asuncion, Kapalong, 15,675.30 New Corella, San Isidro Montevista and Laak Dibabawon & Asuncion, New Corella 13,703.94 Mangguangan Montevista and Laak Nabunturan Mandaya, Manobo Montevista and Laak 1,636.00 Mangguangan and Nabunturan Dibabawon TOTAL 161,227.45 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2010

Main Report Chapter 1-22 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.2-6 Tenure Map of TLRB

Main Report Chapter 1-23 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

1.2.8 The National Greening Project (NGP)

The National Greening Program (NGP) is a massive forest rehabilitation program of the Government established by virtue of Executive Order No. 26 issued on February 24, 2011 by President Benigno S. Aquino III. From the years 2011 to 2014, DENR, Davao del Norte in partnerships with the Peoples Organizations and LGUs and other National Government Agencies, have already covered 5,360.06 hectares province-wide while COMVAL planted an area about 1,358.29 hectares using various species according to planting sites compatibility. Not left behind, Davao City in the same program had planted 2,060.71 hectares in its three (3) upland barangays. The NGP project is one of the priority program of the present administration with a timeline from the year 2011 to 2016.

Beyond reforestation, the NGP is designed to reduce poverty, providing alternative livelihood activities for marginalized upland and lowland communities relating to nursery operations, plantation establishment and maintenance.

Table 1.2-14 NGP projects within TLRB by City/Municipality

City/Municipality 2011 (ha) 2012 (ha) 2013 (ha) 2014 (ha) Total (ha) DAVAO DEL NORTE 5,360.06 Asuncion 125.01 65.80 286.02 193.35 670.19 Braulio E. Dujali 27.56 12.00 39.56 Carmen 24.91 8.94 33.86 Kapalong 208.17 121.12 1,326.97 619.71 2,275.96 New Corella 123.28 250.01 84.25 85.87 543.40 Panabo City 51.07 51.07 San Isidro 64.25 237.59 152.89 155.43 610.16 Sto. Tomas 25.93 121.40 390.98 372.37 910.68 Tagum City 1.30 1.30 Talaingod 46.61 104.71 72.55 223.88

COMVAL 1,358.29 Laak 42.00 25.95 183.15 251.10 Monkayo 27.56 52.50 24.13 104.19 Montevista 84.37 296.32 391.83 174.62 947.13 Nabunturan 55.86 55.86 DAVAO CITY 235.77 136.95 1,330.49 357.50 2,060.71

Grand Total 1,038.81 1,466.13 4,191.65 2,082.47 8,779.06 Source: DENR-XI, 2014

In addition, the Municipality of Loreto, Agusan del Sur had developed a total area of 200 hectares duly planted with various species such as indigenous species, cacao, coffee and trees with commercial values. At a stocking rate of 500 seedlings per hectare, the DENR Loreto in partnership with LGU Loreto had planted a total of 100,000 seedlings. The activity is in consonance with the National Greening Program (NGP) of the Government.

Main Report Chapter 1-24 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Previous studies have shown the great potential of tree plantations and agroforestry systems to sequester carbon. In addition to its role in mitigation, agroforestry systems can help the smallholders adapt to climate change. Based on the study conducted by R. D. Lasco and F. B. Pulhin, the mean value of carbon density for tree plantation in the Philippines is 59 Carbon ton/hectare. Using this value as reference, the NGP accomplished project for the provinces of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, Loreto, Agusan del Sur and Davao City (3 barangays) will provide potential biomass carbon storage of 1,679,022 tons Carbon, an important contribution of TLRB to mitigate climate change.

1.3 SLOPE

Forty two (42) percent of the TLRB area is within the slope from level to undulating followed by 17% rolling to hilly consisting of 134,589.32 hectares and 54,830.48 hectares, respectively. The largest area that is highly vulnerable to landslide occurs in the higher slopes comprising the Municipalities of Kapalong, Talaingod, San Isidro, Asuncion, Montevista, Nabunturan, Mawab and Monkayo. Slope is one factor that contributes to soil erosion. The steeper the slopes, the higher the soil erosion is. Please see table below.

Table 1.3-1 Slope of TLRB

Slope Category Area (ha) % Dist. 0-8% Slope, Level to Undulating 134,589.32 42.65 18-30% Slope, Rolling to Hilly 54,830.48 17.38 30-50% Slope, Hilly to Mountainous 37,749.31 11.96 8-18% Slope, Undulating to Rolling 40,436.64 12.81 Above 50% Slope, Mountainous 47,946.48 15.19 Total 315,552.23 100.00 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2013

Main Report Chapter 1-25 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 1.3-1 Slope Map

1.4 ELEVATION

Highest elevations in the TLRB are found in the upland areas of Kapalong, Talaingod and Davao City with a combined total area of 4,549.66 hectares. The said areas are located at above 1,000 meters above sea level. On the other hand, majority areas of TLRB are within the range of elevation from 100 to 500 meters above seal level with a total area of 153,390.16 hectares followed by areas less than 100 m ASL about 126,350.48 hectares. Please see Table 1.4-1.

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Table 1.4-1 Elevation of TLRB

500 to Above City / Less than 100 to 500 Total 1000 1000 Municipality 100 (ha) (ha) (Hectares) (Hectares) (Hectares)

Asuncion 18,877.56 5,477.49 28.98 24,384.03

B. Dujali 10,025.40 10,025.40

Carmen 13,237.17 0.03 13,237.20

Davao City 1,749.43 20,073.95 4930.52 114.39 26,868.29

Kapalong 19,861.30 48,686.69 11763.69 1,066.92 81,378.60

Laak 2,754.64 19,483.80 81.67 22,320.11

Mawab 362.95 846.48 0.01 1,209.44

Monkayo 1,499.18 1,499.18

Montevista 456.58 14,177.27 20 14,653.85

Nabunturan 92.13 1,209.83 0.12 1,302.08

New Corella 14,603.08 8,021.50 0.04 22,624.62

Panabo City 7,611.08 40.25 7,651.33

San Isidro 6,143.32 9,132.38 15,275.70

Sto. Tomas 17,795.91 2,277.31 20,073.22

Tagum City 9,319.44 115.62 0.14 9,435.20

Talaingod 3,460.48 22,348.41 14475.55 3,368.35 43,652.79

Grand Total 126,350.48 153,390.16 31,300.75 4,549.66 315,591.05 Source: DENRXI, GIS 2013

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Figure 1.4-1 Elevation Map

1.5 STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE

The mainstream of TLRB is the Tagum Libuganon river which has received significant volume of waters at the junctions of Pagsabangan, Tagum City where on its right side, the running water emanates from Saug river, while on the left side, it originates from Libuganon river. The third main tributary is the Tuganay river wherein, in addition to its natural channel, an artificial drainage was constructed by the Government purposely to distribute waters and likewise, reduce volume of water running through it, thereby, prevent possible overflowing of water in tuganay river.

The river basin for the past forty (40) years or more which they calledthe golden era of logging, has became the major passageway of vessels (barge)in and out of Libuganon river. Interestingly, the present location of the old Libuganon Bridge and the Miranda Bridge on the adjacent were used to be the major ports of the cargo vessels loading different sizes of logs including agricultural products. The area then became the trading centers of the people, merchant and traders. Having the paucity of vehicles on the road, the river was used then to be the main/alternate passage for people to meet and exchange goods and services.

At present, TLRB is supporting major agricultural industries such as banana plantations, irrigations for rice and other agri-based industries, etc. including domestic uses. It is also

Main Report Chapter 1-28 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin rich in caves and cave resources, never ending waterfalls and lust forests in its upland areas. Due to its diversity, some endangered species thrives in TLRB namely, Philippine Eagle owl, Mindanao hornbill, spotted button quail, Philippine monkey, flying lemur, asian water monitor lizard, Philippine warty pig and tarsiers (Mago). The visibility of these wildlife is no longer apparent due to the disturbance of their habitat. Eco – tourism in the TLRB have already gained attentions at the International, National and Local levels as evidenced on the recent National Caving Congress held at the Municipalities of Kapalong, San Isidro and New Corella, all in Davao del Norte including in some areas of Compostela Valley Province.

1.6 WATER RESOURCES IN THE WATERSHED

TLRB is rich in water resources. The whole area is situated within the fourth (4th) climatic type of the Philippines wherein rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. Its water support the domestic, industrial, commercial, irrigation, fisheries, livestock raising, recreational, municipal/city and other purposes. The supply of water is made possible by the presence of various tributaries/water bodies such as lakes, rivers and creeks, waterfalls and groundwater. A lot of these waterfalls can be found in the municipalities of Kapalong, New Corella, Laak and Mawab. Inasmuch as springs abound in the watershed and because of the presence of remaining vegetation or natural forest cover in the upper watersheds like Talaingod and Kapalong it is logical to assume that the watershed still have abundant groundwater. However, in some instances, supply of water decreases due to unpredictable and sudden change of climate nowadays which resulted to insufficiency of water supply for irrigation and other purposes.

The River Basin has three (3) sub-watersheds that composes the whole TLRB. Waters that originated from Loreto, Agusan del Sur drains down to Libuganon River while the water sources that emanated from the northeastern side of TLRB is the Saug River which these two (2) meets at the junction of Pagsabangan River, Tagum City. The third one is the Tuganay River whose waters originated from upland barangays of Davao City and drains down to the coastal waters of Tagum City.

Table 1.6-1 Waterfalls, Springs and Lakes in TLRB

Attractions Location Falls / Spring 1. Matinao Spring Kapalong, Davao del Norte 2. Tugtugoran Falls Tier 2 Kapalong, Davao del Norte 3. Tugtugoran Falls Tier 3 Kapalong, Davao del Norte 4. Calapat Falls Talaingod, Davao del Norte 5. Panas Hidden Spring & Waterfalls New Corella, Davao del Norte 6. Patrocenio Water falls New Corella, Davao del Norte 7. Sangoy Spring New Corella, Davao del Norte Lakes 1. Lake Paiton Sto. Niño, Talaingod 2. Kilomayon Lake Sto. Niño, Talaingod 3. LakeBuhi Laak, ComVal Source: DENR-XI, Vulnerability assessment

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1.7 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN THE WATERSHED SECTOR

Watershed degradation has taken place already to a greater extent ofthe whole river basin and is continuously threatening and evenpersistingwhereby the weight of evidence is clear that watershed degradation is already widespread, unless otherwise, proper attention is extended therefore without delay. Nevertheless, it is worth to mention that the people in the TLRB who partake a great part of such situation, yet remains high in spirit in sustaining the river basin and its natural resources.

Evidence to such enthusiasm and fervor,are the active participation and involvement of the stakeholders – primary, secondary and tertiary during consultation meeting on TLRB held at various strategic places in TLRB. More particularly, on February 27, 2014 wherein, a planning workshops on Stakeholders Analytical and Planning was conducted at Raj Hotel Tagum City followed up for another one activity last March 27, 2014 at DENR-PENRO Conference Hall, Tagum City. During the workshops, several problems and issues within the TLRB were raised,identified and discussed. It was a workshops where various Tribal Leaders, Local Government Units, National Government Offices such as DENR, NCIP, DOH, NIA, MWSS, PNP, DepEd, DA, DAR, NGOs and Water Districts including the Armed Forces of the Philippines had actively participated therein.

The discussions focused on problems and issues identified which are categorized into bio-physical in nature such as degradation of resources, dwindling water supply, extinction of rare flora and fauna, landslide, deforestation, flooding in the lowland, illegal cutting of trees, kaingin making, and protected areas being used as production areas.

It is worth to mention that it was the stakeholders themselves who crafted the vision, mission and goals for TLRB including the identification of the current problems, issues and concerns. Thereafter, with the technical support of the consultants and DENR TLRB coordinator, the stakeholders were able to come up practical strategies and mechanisms for Management and proposed developmental, protection and conservation activities.

1.7.1 Scope and Limitations of the IWMP

The preparation of TLRB Integrated Watershed Management Plan primarily anchored on the interrelationship of upland and lowland ecosystems and how the DENR in collaboration with the LGUs and various stakeholders could collaborate and effectively integrate various efforts in protecting and managing the watershed. The planning process considered the need to protect the remaining natural forest cover, rehabilitate denuded uplands, stabilize cultivated areas, and provide necessary support systems and incentives to sustain local watershed management initiatives.

The plan highlights the vision, mission, goals and objectives in placing the entire watershed into effective management. It also highlights the recommendations and strategies in addressing current problems and issues raised by various stakeholders.

The planning process used watershed as the planning unit taking into consideration the overall condition of the watershed and its contribution to the long-term development of its host LGUs.

The IWMP of TLRB provides a 15-year implementation period. It is expected that within this period, the TLRB will be put under effective management but this will be dependent upon the availability of funds to implement the development plans and programs and political will of the TLRB TWG, concerned DENR and LGU local officials in enforcing

Main Report Chapter 1-30 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin policies and willingness to collaborative with various stakeholders to make things happen on-ground.

1.7.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies

The objectives and strategies were the concerted output of the stakeholders to address the identified problems and issues stated above.

Table 1.7-1 Consolidated Objectives and Strategies from the Stakeholders

Stakeholders Participatory Planning Matrix Alternative Strategies (Alternative Analysis) Objectives Rehabilitation of Watershed and its tributaries • Agroforestry to minimize impacts of siltation and flooding • Riverbank Rehab./Stabilization • Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations Improve environmental awareness and • Creation and institutionalization of a subsequent control/mitigation of water management body pollution and other environmental issues • Institutional advocacy • Capacity-building of communities

To conserve forest in the watershed areas • Reforestation in the watershed areas • Employment and deployment of forest guards • Create Bantay-Gubat to reforestation areas • Establishment of rubber plantation To reduce denuded and open areas • Restoration/rehabilitation of forests and riverbanks • Strengthening implementation of NGP

1.8 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT

Given the abovementioned situation, something must be done with urgency and with clear vision, mission, goals and objectives generated from the major partners/ stakeholders, to wit:

1.8.1 Vision

A well-managed watershed sustaining multiple uses of goods and services for its constituents. Table 1.8-1 shows the stakeholders vision per watershed asset/ watershed management zone.

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Table 1.8-1 Vision per Watershed Asset/Watershed Management Zone

Watershed Desired Future State Desired Future State Desired Future State (15 Management (5 years (10 years) years) Zone Remaining  A place for eco-  A system of  Well-managed and Natural Forest – tourism participatory protected forest Closed Canopy,  Level of protection and reserve; Open Canopy awareness is management of  15,000 ha of open and Mangrove very high in forest land being canopy area planted; Forest terms of forest implemented;  Community Resource 81,977.23 ha management;  Increasing forest Warden-Bantay  Forested areas cover Watershed Task Force will be free from established in every illegal tree cutting Barangay.

Brushland,  Nurseries are  Rehabilitated areas  Productive and grassland, open established in all are accessible and accessible areas and cultivated barangays to productive with benefitting local forestlands support the workable communities on covering rehabilitation of rehabilitation a sustained basis; 225,249.13 ha degraded areas system in place;  Substantial forestlands is rehabilitated and planted to trees;  established commercial tree plantation Water Bodies /  River bank  Occupants are  Rivers and creeks and Waterways stabilization practicing soil and lakes are free from /rivers and started; water conservation solid and other toxic creeks, lakes  Converted to fish including proper and hazardous waste habitat; solid and waste including polluted  All open access water management waste water; areas with  Riverbank  Sustained supply of appropriate stabilization is a clean water; tenure issued continuing program  River bank area fully rehabilitated

1.8.2 Purpose and Mission

To increase and conserve remaining forest cover and properly manage the watershed to: a. reduce on-site poverty; b. reduce the incidence of flooding and landslide; c. mitigate climate change and biodiversity conservation; and d. sustain the production of domestic and irrigation water including food and fiber for TLRB constituents

1.8.3 Summary of Goals and Objectives

The goals and objectives per watershed asset / watershed management zone are summarized and presented in Table 1.8-2.

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Table 1.8-2 Goals and Objectives per Watershed Asset/Watershed Management Zone

Watershed Assets Goals / Objectives

Remaining NaturalForest – Goal: To protect and manage the remaining 56,215.53has. of the Closed Canopy, Open remaining natural forest cover. Canopy and Mangrove Forest. Objectives: 1. To establish a functional Community Resource Warden- Bantay Watershed Task Force (CREW-BWTF) in every upland Barangay; 2. To develop and/or improve eco-tourism sites in the areas of Kapalong, Talaingod, Asuncion, Laak and New Corella; 3. To prepare and/or complete all FLUP; 4. To prepare IEC/Advocacy for the protection of remaining forest; 5. To intensify IEC at all levels; 6. To strictly implement forestry laws; and 7. To formulate specific ordinances in support to forest protection.

Brushland, grassland, open Goal: To facilitate the rehabilitation of around 140,853.83 has. of and cultivated forestlands . brushland/grassland/cultivated areas through Reforestation, Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration.

Objectives: 1. To continue the NGP reforestation and agroforestry program within the TLRB; 2. To rehabilitate and/or stabilize through reforestation of 1,000 ha, ANR of 200 ha per year of brushland, bare, grassland, open and cultivated forestlands within the period of 15 years; 3. To establish aAgroforestry of at least 15,000 ha of coffee, cacao or other fruit bearing trees for a period of 15 years within the TLRB; 4. To intensify IEC at all levels; 5. To rehabilitate other areas using external funds; 6. To assist all occupants in adopting and practicing soil and water conservation; and 7. To formulate specific ordinances.

Water Bodies/Waterways/ Goal: To prevent and/or reduce soil erosion, pollution of rivers and rivers and creeks, lakes creeks and other water bodies

Objectives: 1. To establish bamboo plantation on both sides of the bank of identified creeks/ streams and tributaries of TLRB per year within a period of 15 years; 2. To establish contour hedgerows along the riverine of TLRB using legumes like kakaute (Gliricidia sepium), katurai (Sesbania grandiflora), Leucaena diversifolia and flemingia (Flemingia macroplhylla); 3. To intensify IEC at all levels; and 4. To formulate specific ordinances.

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1.9 MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE TAGUM- LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN

The management and development strategies consider watershed and ecosystem management approaches as a baseline strategy in managing the watershed. The existing and proposed management intervention, therefore, are considered holistic, integrated, and participatory and fully takes into account the well-being of the forest communities including Indigenous Peoples.

1.9.1 Management of Remaining Forest Cover

Proper management of the remaining forest cover is vital otherwise, it would not sustain and be made available for the future generations to come. Combining closed canopy, open canopy forests and mangrove forests, the remaining forest cover of TLRB at present is 56,215.43 hectares only representing 17.82% from its total area of 315,552.23 hectares. Most of which are found in the uplands of Talaingod and Kapalong while mangroves are located in Tagum City and Carmen. Please see table below.

Table 1.9-1 Summary of the Remaining Forest Cover of TLRB

Category Area (Ha) Percent (%) Closed Canopy Forest 9,305.01 2.95 Open Canopy Forest 46,816.17 14.84 Mangrove Forest 94.25 0.03 Total 56,215.43

To maintain the closed canopy forest, to ensure the closing of open canopy forest and to expand the forest cover to adjoining areas, it is necessary to closely work together with concerned LGUs and various stakeholders in implementing the following proposed activities:

Preparation and/or Implementation of Forest Land Use Plan

In Davao del Norte, the Municipalities of Talaingod and Sto. Tomas and Laak, Comval have already came up with their respective Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP). However, the said plans are yet to be presented to their respective Municipal Development Council and as well. Meanwhile, other LGUs such Asuncion, Kapalong, San Isidro and New Corella in Davao del Norte and Montevista and Nabunturan in Comval Province have started anew this year 2014 to prepare their FLUPs duly assisted by their respective Provincial Offices and the DENRXI. The preparation of a Forest Land Use Plan by concerned LGU is crucial since the LGU will have to adopt the plan and incorporate the same with their respective Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) consistent with Executive Order 318 and the DENR-DILG-LGU Joint Memorandum Circular 98-01 and 2003-01.

In areas with draft FLUP like Talaingod, Sto. Tomas and Laak immediate assistance shall focus mainly in creating Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Council which shall serve as the governing body that will help ensure the sustained implementation of all activities stipulated in the plan. Other LGUs in TLRB particularly Loreto in Agusan del Sur which serves as the TLRB headwaters, need to be further oriented on the details of FLUP preparation and the importance of preparing such plan.

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Creation and/or Operation of Community Resource Warden-Bantay Watershed Task Force (CREW-BWTF)

In the absence of FLUP, the TLRB TWG, DENR and concerned LGUs shall endeavor to create and/or operate the Community Resource Warden - Bantay Watershed Task Force (CREW-BWTF) at the Barangay level or Bantay Gubat. To involve various stakeholders especially the communities who are mostly dependent on watershed resources in the programs and project in the protection and conservation effort/activities. Enhance and expand the members of Bantay Gubat as Deputized Forest Officers (DFO's) on IEC and advocacy, awareness campaign, forest protection, law enforcement as well as their participation in apprehension, patrolling and monitoring activities.

Forest Protection and Law Enforcement

Tenure holders are the right persons who can effectively monitor timber poaching or any illegal activities including possible occurrence of forests fires, pests and diseases. By agreement on the tenurial instrument, the holders have the responsibility of protecting the natural forest cover within the covered areas of tenure. Selection, training and deputation of forest protection officers is a must considering that tenure holders lack the necessary knowledge and skills in enforcing forest laws, rules and regulations. It is better to train selected members of tenure holders and deputize them so that they can effectively participate in forest protection. An effective law enforcement mechanism will have to be installed at all levels involving tenure holders, LGUs, law enforcers and even private individuals.

Payments for Environmental Services

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is a market-based approach of watershed protection and environmental enhancement activities centered on the principled that those who are benefited from the services of any other entities should pay for it and those who generated this services should be compensated for providing them. This can be affected in verifiable scales that are quantifiable and manageable. In the absence of formal and comprehensive policies, the watershed council within the TLRB can provide a basic unit for creating device mechanisms, which can be applied to water users, particularly, the golf developers or real estate developers.

Pest Control and Fire Management

Pests and diseases normally occurs in plantations due to its homogeneity which restricts / prevents other insects to interact thereto. Training and seminars are important to the tree farmers who are members of the Peoples Organizations in order to enhance their knowledge and skills on tree farming with the technical support from the DENR in collaboration with the concerned LGU.

Moreover, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) of the localities have the skills and knowledge on Fire Management both on the lowlands and uplands. Grasslands within CBFM areas prone to fire and could damage and destroy the plantations should fire occurs including the houses of the PO members. Considering of the manpower capability of the Peoples Organizations, they should be trained to fire combat, protection and prevention so that in case of fire, even without the presence of the BFP, these people can do very well at their own pace.

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Soil and water conservation measures

Promotion and/or adoption of SWCM must be part and parcel of individual farms particularly in upper watersheds. Stabilization of these areas through agroforestry is very necessary.

1.10 MANAGEMENT OF OPEN CANOPY, BRUSHLAND, GRASSLAND, AND CULTIVATED AREAS

Around 140,853.83 ha in the TLRB are open forest, grassland and shrubland, brushlandand cultivated. The cultivated areas / shrub land dominated the large areas representing 38% equivalent to 53,528.06 hectares. Among the Provinces and City, Davao del Norte has the large percentage of these areas comprising 107,245.52 hectares while Comval Province has only 1,898.98 hectares distributed within the five (5) Municipalities in the TLRB. Please see table below.

Table 1.10-1 Open forest, Grassland & Cultivated by City / Province

Loreto, Davao del Compostela Davao Vegetative Agusan TOTAL % Norte Valley City Cover del Sur (Hectares) Dist. (Hectares) (Hectares) (Hectares) (Hectares)

Open Forest 40,492.08 - 5,723.25 600.84 46,816.17 33.24 Grassland 24,554.35 561.69 337.25 15,056.32 40,509.60 28.76 Shrubs / cultivated 42,199.09 1,337.29 117.97 9,873.71 53,528.06 38.00

TOTAL 107,245.52 1,898.98 6,178.47 25,530.87 140,853.83 100 Source: DENR-XI, GIS 2013

1.11 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION FORESTS

1.11.1 Protection Forests

a) Reforestation There are several ways to increase carbon stocks and mitigate climate change. One of the proposed strategies to help mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions is to reforest and restore tropical forests from degraded brushland, grassland and cultivated areas. Reforestation has the potential to contribute to carbon storage directly through biomass and soil carbon accumulation. Increased carbon storage can be achieved by augmenting the land area covered in forest and/or by increasing the carbon density of forests. Target areas for reforestation within protection forests is totaled to 11,581.62 ha.

b) Agroforestry

Agroforestry development with soil and water conservation measures shall be implemented covering around 4,592.83 hectares.

Main Report Chapter 1-36 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

c) Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR)

The ANR development strategies includes prioritization of development scheduling; use of labor-intensive methods to minimize soil disturbance and provide additional labor income opportunities; introduction of premium species using wildlings collected from nearest source; maintenance of adequate soil cover whenever site cleaning is required.Areas intended for ANR are the residual brushlands, residual forest mixed with 50% brushlands and cultivated areas within the protection forests with a total of 52,800.43 ha. Please see table below.

Table 1.11-1 Protection Forests Proposed Development Activities by Province, City &Municipality

Reforestation Agroforestry City / Municipality ANR (ha) Total (ha) (ha) (ha)

Loreto, ADS 463.58 - 1,081.70 COMVAL Laak 269.52 - 40.27 309.79 Mawab - - - - Monkayo - - - - Montevista 236.27 101.26 4.11 341.64 Nabunturan 55.53 - 3.51 59.04 Davao del Norte Asuncion 9.01 - - 9.01 Carmen 3.89 - - 3.89 Davao City 2,601.21 1,114.80 3,466.69 7,182.70 Kapalong 2,784.33 1,193.29 33,910.60 37,888.22 New Corella 421.61 180.69 140.85 743.15 Panabo City - - - - San Isidro 0.74 - - 0.74 Sto. Tomas 60.94 - 539.22 600.16 Tagum City 2.75 - - 2.75 Talaingod 4,672.24 2,002.39 13,613.87 20,288.50 Grand Total 11,581.62 4,592.43 52,800.83 67,429.60

1.11.2. Production Forests

a) Reforestation

Reforestation is a watershed management strategy widely practiced and duly adopted and implemented by the national government as an alternative and effective tool in the rehabilitation of critically denuded watershed areas. In addition to carbon sequestration, sustained production of water and minimized soil erosion accrued from stable, nurtured and protected watersheds.

A total of 59,524.74 hectaresfor a period of 15 years shall be established in the widely open-canopy areas, brush lands and grassland using, as much as possible, fast growing species endemic in the area. This is to establish a protective cover and

Main Report Chapter 1-37 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

also to provide the necessary conditions for the growth of climax species – the dipterocarp.

b) Agroforestry

Agroforestry is an economic enterprise which aims to produce combination of agronomic, horticultural and forestry crops in an area imploring integrated cropping pattern on idle agricultural, rolling, open/denuded and kaingin areas. The technology optimizes production and utilization of idle lands. It promotes soil, nutrient and water resources conservation. The total target for the whole river basin in agro-forestry is 35,049.84 ha.

Table 1.11-2 Production Forests Proposed Development Activities by Province, City &Municipality

Agro Forestry Reforestation Total City / Municipality (ha) (ha) (ha)

Loreto, Agusan del Sur 1,545.28 1,348.84 2,894.12 COMVAL Laak 7,823.10 574.68 8,397.78 Mawab 423.03 423.03 Monkayo 868.56 - 868.56 Montevista 6,982.22 236.17 7,218.39 Nabunturan 957.84 27.84 985.68 Davao del Norte Asuncion 2,845.49 1,126.51 3,972.00 Carmen 22.09 - 22.09 Kapalong 1,770.90 23,350.22 25,121.12 New Corella 4,245.27 453.84 4,699.11 Panabo City 4.47 360.81 365.28 San Isidro 6,702.74 3,352.99 10,055.73 Sto. Tomas 16.53 2,051.89 2,068.42 Tagum City 0.26 - 0.26 Talaingod 215.44 12,689.03 12,904.47 Davao City 626.62 13,951.92 14,578.54 TOTAL 35,049.84 59,524.74 94,574.58

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Figure 1.11-1 Proposed Land Use Map

1.12 ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT

There are several potential ecotourism and recreational sites in Tagum-Libuganon watershed that remains still undeveloped. These include about seven (7) falls and springs, three (3) lakes, four (4) caves and four (4) mountains and view decks and three (3) parks.

Table 1.12-1 Eco-tourism/Recreational Spots in Tagum-Libuganon Watershed

Attractions Location Type Status A. Falls /Spring 1. Matinao Spring Kapalong Natural Not yet developed 2. Tugtugoran Falls Tier 2 Kapalong Natural Not yet developed 3. Tugtugoran Falls Tier 3 Kapalong Natural Not yet developed 4. Calapat Falls Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 5. Panas Hidden Spring & Waterfalls New Corella Natural 6. Patrocenio Water falls New Corella Natural 7. Sangoy Spring New Corella Natural Partially Operational B. Lakes

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1. Lake Paiton Sto. Niño, Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 2. Kilomayon Lake Sto. Niño, Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 3. LakeBuhi Laak, ComVal Natural Not Developed C. Caves 1. Cave 7 Kapalong Natural Not yet developed 2. Cabuntalan Cave Sto. Niño, Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 3. Guano Cave New Corella Natural Not Developed 4. Paradise Cave New Corella Natural Not Developed D. Mountains/Forest 1. Mt. Masinalom Sto. Niño, Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 2. Mt. Ampaoid Sto. Niño, Talaingod Natural Not yet developed 3. Libuton Peak Kapalong Natural Not yet developed 4. Patrocenio & Del Monte New Corella Natural Not Developed E. Park 1. Suaon Park Suaon, Kapalong Natural Developed; 29 km from Kapalong 2. Pag-asa Botanical Garden Pag-asa, Kapalong Man-made Developed; 5 km from and Wildlife Rescue Center Kapalong 3. Production Center Capungagan, Man-made Partially developed Kapalong Source: Tagum-Libuganon and Saug Vulnerability Assessment

Ecotourism is a sustainable tourism within a natural area that is designed to help preserve the local culture, lifestyle and wildlife while providing visitors a total learning experience. Community participation, natural resources protection, cultural knowledge, viable economic development alternative and environmental ethics are all part of the ecotourism model. The natural attractions like falls, caves and view decks are framed in the middle of natural beauty of the highlands blending with the sights and sounds of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in TLRB. These attractions if fully developed can generate livelihood and revenues for the local populace.

1.13 COLLABORATION WITH VARIOUS STAKEHOLDER AND CLOSING OPEN ACCESS AREAS

More efforts must be exerted in collaborating with various stakeholders following Executive Order 26 or the National Greening Program. Under this program, all tree planting activities whether done by public or private sector must be consistent with the objectives of the NGP which includes poverty alleviation, food security, biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation and mitigation. In doing this, DENR can provide assistance to the LGUs, more especially with approved FLUP in the rehabilitation of degraded areas. In LGUs without FLUP, DENR and the LGU can enter into a MOA with various stakeholders for tree planting activities. Moreover, DENR and TLRB Council can work with Water District in rehabilitating degraded watersheds and with the Disaster Coordinating Council of respective LGUs in this regards.

TLRB Council may require private companies with stake in the watershed to submit watershed management plans highlighting the activities that will be undertaken by private companies in rehabilitating degraded watersheds supporting their water requirement.

1.14 REHABILITATION THROUGH THE TENURE HOLDER

The responsibility of rehabilitating the rest of the brushland, grassland and cultivated areas must be done by CADT and CBFMA. Unfortunately, both the CBFMA and CADT holders do not have the financial capability to rehabilitate such areas. It is wise for

Main Report Chapter 1-40 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CBFMA and CADT holders to partner with private individuals, groups and other institutions in rehabilitating the degraded areas within their jurisdiction. Rubber, coffee and other high value perennial crops can be considered for development with private sector in this regard.

1.15 MANAGEMENT OF WATER SOURCES AND WATER BODIES

In order to meet the growing water needs of various stakeholders in TLRB, coordination and close collaboration of various agencies must take place in a manner that is consistent and continuing. To make this happen, TLRB Council must take the lead in ensuring that coordinated and sustained efforts are being done in the protection, maintenance and expansion of TLRB’s forest cover.

The current efforts of concerned stakeholders in protecting and rehabilitating forestlands must be sustained and must be supported with urgency. Private sector participation through adopt-a-mountain programs or any related program both of the LGUs and National Governments must be promoted and/or adopted. Along this line, DENR or the TLRB Council as the case maybe, may enter into a MOA with various private groups under Private-Public Parnerships (PPP) consistent with the National Greening Program.

TheTLRB Council thru its members will have to take the lead in managing the TLRB particularly in increasing its potential for maximizing water yield, quality and security for the benefits of the downstream users. Existing measures to restore forest cover must be continued and supported. Provision of appropriate technologies to the on-site users of the watershed resource must be done. The DENR and the LGUs must ensure that activities are being done towards the adoption of water conservation measures, establishment of water impounding structures, enhancement of springs utilization and restoration of polluted and silted river systems.

Moreover, water uses must be monitored. As part of this overall water planning effort it is necessary to determine how much of the total projected water demand can be safely met through groundwater supplies. In doing this, the DENR, NWRB, Local Water districts and the LGUs should be the one pushing for the adherence to water code, clean water act and other related legislation and issuances.

1.16 MANAGEMENT OF ALLOCATED FORESTLANDS/UPLAND ECOSYSTEMS

Management of CBFMAs and CADT

Around 191,227.49 hectares or 60%of the total area of TLRB is under tenure. However, most of the tenure instrument holders do not subscribe fully to the sustainable management of the forestlands and resources under their stewardship due to various reasons. Proposed activities as listed in the existing management plans of tenure holders are not being implemented on a sustained basis. To improve the management of tenured areas, DENR and NCIP as the case maybe, in collaboration with concerned LGUs must spearhead and institutionalize a regular monitoring and evaluation at the LGU level. The focus of evaluation and areas for improvement must consider the following factors:

i. Review of Resource Management Plans and budget for implementation – tenure holders must ensure that priority activities are being implemented and there is a regular budget for its implementation;

Main Report Chapter 1-41 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

ii. Establishment of functional organizational structure – assistance should be given to tenure holders in ensuring that the organization is meeting regularly and that respective committees are functioning according to their agreed roles and responsibilities;

iii. Recognition of Individual Occupancy – the existing tenure holders will have to come up with a system of recognizing individual occupancyconsistent with the provisions of the CBFM agreement or CADT;

iv. Livelihood support to individual members of the organization/community – existing assistance to upland communities from various groups both local and foreign are present and this must be supported and/or sustained to ensure that enterprise development will eventually take place;

v. Linkages and market support – tenure holders should provide support to its members and other upland farmers in marketing their products;

vi. Rehabilitation of degraded areas involving private sectors particularly in community-tenured areas like CBFMA and CADT areas; and

vii. Promotion of SWC measures – tenure holders need to promote and/or enforce to its members the adoption of SWC measures such as alley cropping / contour farming.

Existing CBFMA and CADT holders must be assisted in coordinating and in working closely with various groups particularly in accessing seedlings of fruit trees for their individual members.

1.17 MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

1.17.1 Rehabilitation of Riverbanks

The protection of riverbanks is also a primary concern that needs immediate attention. Intensive watershed rehabilitation and erosion control measures shall be given to the riverine areas of the TLRB. The vegetative measure to be used is the establishment of contour hedgerows. These “living walls” block the pathway of rainwater while the soil is caught behind the plants. Hence, surface runoff and suspended sediments will be slowed down. Species to be used include legumes like kakaute (Gliricidia sepium), katurai (Sesbania grandiflora), Leucaena diversifolia and flemingia (Flemingia macroplhylla). Besides their nitrogen-fixing capability, they can be eaten by livestock such as goat, cow and horses.

Planting stocks using the aforementioned species shall be planted on eroded riverbanks including eroded slopes and depleted agricultural lands to serve as shade, support, windbreak, and for soil improvement. In the case of heavily eroded areas needing immediate protection, a controlled planting of Vetiver grass (Vetiver zizanoides) would be effectuated.The establishment of bamboo plantation on both sides of the bank of identified creeks/ streams and tributaries shall serve as raw materials for bamboo craft and low-cost building materials of the community within TLRB while forest trees and other leguminous species will serve for the same purposes.

Main Report Chapter 1-42 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Throughout the river basin, a total of 1,996.99 hectares are proposed for development using species capable of holding soils such as malibago, acacia, bamboo and other indigenous species. Of the total target, Kapalong has the biggest area earmarked for rehabilitation followed by Talaingod and San Isidro, all in Davao del Norte. Please see table below.

Table 1.17-1 Proposed Target Areas for Riverbank Rehabilitation

City/Municipality Area (ha) Loreto ADS 13.50 COMVAL Laak 67.74 Mawab 0.30 Monkayo 17.76 Montevista 76.24 Nabunturan 3.97 Davao del Norte Asuncion 95.58 Carmen 10.92 Kapalong 859.44 New Corella 70.07 Panabo City 3.00 San Isidro 180.45 Sto. Tomas 51.18 Tagum City 0.68 Talaingod 305.29 Davao City 240.87 Grand Total 1,996.99

1.17.2 Stream Bank Stabilization

This involves the construction of grouted riprap along the erodible bank streams and establishment of vengineering (vegetation and structure) measures such as planting of bamboo. Detailed activities on this activity is discussed in Chapter 8–Flood Control Mitigation and Hazard

1.18 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES

1.18.1 Information, Education, and Communication

To enhance general awareness and appreciation for watershed management concept, principles and practices; to build–up technical capability of all stakeholders and sectors involved and to generate stakeholders support and participation in the management of TLRB, periodic consultations, workshops, trainings, distribution of brochures, handouts, primers; use of broadcast media and cross-watershed visits will be undertaken. To make this happen, TLRB Council and its members together with local organizers or local speakers bureau must be tapped to ensure that correct, current and complete

Main Report Chapter 1-43 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin information are properly disseminated to on-site stakeholders. This will involve the following activities: a. Formulation of an intensive IEC plan; b. Development, production and dissemination of IEC materials and crafting of key messages by target groups which include communities, business sector, local governments (executive, legislative), other government agencies (ogas), civil society groups and donor agencies/partners (local & international); c. Development/strengthening of linkages with advocacy groups; and d. Utilization and enhancement of web advocacy

1.18.2 Linkaging and Networking

Close collaboration with other government and non-government agencies must be done to ensure successful implementation of the TLRB-IWMP. DENR, LGU and other members of TLRB Council shall enter into a MOA with NWRB and other key agencies for the monitoring of watershed and water users.

Broadcast and Print Media and other Private sectors shall be tapped in order to facilitate dissemination of information on any programs and projects for the TLRB.

1.18.3 Research and Development

Existing activities in the management of TLRB must be properly documented and must be covered by a comprehensive baseline survey and assessment. This needs to be done prior to the start of any kind of development planning and major project interventions.

First, groundwater resources must be properly assessed in terms of its quality and availability. Along with this, groundwater users and extraction rate must also be properly documented.

It is also imperative to conduct site-species suitability assessment to determine the best species that can be grown productively in the area. This study needs to be done considering the present trend of planting rubber in areas with more than 450 meters above sea level. According to rubber experts, rubber must be planted in areas 150m to 450m above sea level. This recommendation can be supported with good research and development activities such as site-suitability study.

The study of watershed erosion and reservoir sedimentation in TLRB is also necessary to assess the degree of watershed erosion and reservoir sedimentation on various land cover types/conditions, to provide the type of engineering and sediment control measures and areas that need such measures that can contribute to prolong the life of the river and formulate a sedimentation management plan to sustain the viability of the river basin.

The following are the proposed Research and Development project title suggested during TLRB TWG review:

1. Benchmarking of bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics of TLRB Watershed

Main Report Chapter 1-44 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

2. Socio-economic and environmental impacts of development projects in TLRB 3. Carbon sequestration rates in TLRB 4. Assessment and prediction of Water Balance in TLRB 5. Training on Appropriate Upland Technologies in TLRB 6. Establishment of Agroforestry Demonstration Farms in Upland Areas of TLRB 7. TLRB Watershed Management through climatic and hydrological instrumentation 8. Vulnerability Assessment of TLRB as regards to Landslide and Flooding 9. Establishment of demonstration areas of best agroforestry practices and tree farming.

1.19 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

The Plan provides for the mitigation of environmental concerns such as climate change, forest denudation, soil erosion and siltation that are foreseen to worsen with the unregulated extraction of resources and negative environmental impacts from such as flooding and erosion.

Some of the beneficial impacts of the Plan are as follows:

1. Climate Change Mitigation through reforestation, agroforestry, ANR and other non- structural development projects. These rehabilitation programs can be managed to assimilate CO2 via photosynthesis, and store carbon in biomass and in soil. Great attention is focused on tree plantation to offset carbon emission due to its cost- effectiveness, high potential rates of carbon uptake, and associated environmental and social benefits.

2. Improved forest, soil and water conservation. With the application of appropriate conservation measures, forest, soil and water along with other natural resources will be better protected and conserved, thus ensuring sustainability.

3. Shifting cultivation will be minimized if not prevented with strict implementation of protection measures, thus reducing or preventing the risk or threat to forest areas. Better livelihood outlook is expected.

4. Enriched species/biodiversity. Through reforestation projects, habitats of flora and fauna will be rehabilitated and preserved that will, in turn, ensure long-term ecological balance and biodiversity

5. Improved ecological biodiversity and hydrological productivity and sustainability as a result of rehabilitated watershed using vegetative measures and strategies.

6. Increased community awareness and concern in environmental protection and biodiversity conservation.

7. Increased water quantity and enhance its quality

8. Eco-tourism destinations

Main Report Chapter 1-45

Chapter 2 Biodiversity

Conservation Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

2.1 FLORA The agricultural lands, including the low-lying Municipalities of Asuncion, Sto. Tomas, Tagum City, B.E Dujali, Carmen and the lower portion of Kapalong, are cultivated with rice and bananas. Other economic crops such as corn, sweet potato, vegetables, cacao and others are also planted in the different areas within the river basin. The remaining forests, which accounts to 56,215.43 hectares, are found on the 50% and above slopes of the river basin like in Kapalong, Gupitan and Km 31, Talaingod, Davao del Norte and Laak Compostela Valley. Most of the trees occupying these forests includes red and white lauan, almon, bagtikan, yakal, narra, almaciga, ulayan, lanutan, molave and other dipterocarps (DENRXI, GIS 2010). Most of these trees are already critically endangered while narra has been categorized as seriously threatened species. Palm species including pandan, anibong and palasan are classified under non-timber forest products. Moreover, fruit-bearing and agro-forest trees like rubber can also be observed in many areas of the river basin. Brushland and grassland is also widely spread within the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin with an estimated area of 94,037.66 hectares. Shrubs such as flemengia, dilang-aso and hagonoy and grass like cogon, data and bugang are the dominant species that can be observed. Meanwhile, as per DENR-XI Vulnerability Assessment Study conducted for Tagum- Libuganon Watershed, it has revealed that species of mangroves inhabit the river mouth and coastal barangays of Busaon and Bincungan in Tagum City. The biodiversity of flora within the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin have diminished over the years. The traditional practices of kaingin or slash and burn have destroyed the natural forests. Timber poaching for houses, furniture and other purposes are prevalent while some of the denuded areas were already converted to agricultural lands for a profitable livelihood and source of food. 2.2 FAUNA In the Municipality of Kapalong, it lies the 30-hectare Ecotourism Park called Suaon Nature’s Park. It is known for its natural tourist attraction such as caves, waterfalls and underground rivers. Numerous species of swift birds and fruit bats are dwelling on this area.

On the DENR-ERDS-XI Study entitled, “Watershed Characterization and Vulnerability Assessment of Saug Watershed in Davao Del Norte and Compostela Valley Province,” revealed some of the faunal species and its conservation status as listed in Table 2.2-1.

Main Report Chapter 2-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 2.2-1 Current Faunal Species and Conservation Status of some Faunal Species within Saug Watershed

Class Common Name Scientific Name Status Amphibian Frog Rana magna Abundant Turtle Tortoises sp. Abundant Birds Tamsi ( sunbird) Aethopyga bella Abundant Owl Bubo philippensis Endangered Alimokon – brown fruit dove Ptilinopus sp. Abundant Horn Bill Penelopides affinis Endangered Quail Turnix ocellatus Endangered Tikling –Rail Gallirallus philippensis Threatened Manatad Chalcophaps indica Abundant (common emerald dove) Crow (uwak) Corone philippina Abundant Blue-backed Parrot Tanygnathus sumatranus Abundant Phil. Maya (Philippine Trogon ) Harpactes ardens Abundant King Fisher Alcedo atthis Rare Phil. Oriole Oriolus steerii Rare Wild Duck Dendrocygna arcuata Abundant Hawk Spizaetus philippensis Threatened Mammals Monkey Macaca philippinensis Endangered Wild Pig Sus philippensis Endangered Rodents Rattus sp. Abundant Fruit Bats Alionyteris paucidentata Abundant Civet Cat Viverra tangalunga Rare Flying lemur Cynocephalus volans Endangered Reptile Phil. Cobra Naja philippinensis Abundant Green Lizard (Tabili) Unspecified Abundant Gecko (Tuko) Gekko gecko Abundant Python Python reticulatus Abundant Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator Endangered Phil. King Cobra (Banakon) Ophiophagus hannah Threatened Flying Lizard Draco reticulatus Threatened Fishes Catfish Clarias batrachus Abundant Mudfish Ophiocephalus striatus Abundant Tilapia Tilapia sp. Abundant Fresh water Shrimp Palaemonetus paludosus Abundant Fresh water crab Portunus sp. Threatened Eel Anguilla bicolor Threatened Source: DENR-XI, Vulnerability assessment

The faunal species was based on the sightings of the local residents interviewed. Figure 2.2-1 shows that there were seven (7) endangered species (owl, hornbill, quail, monkey, wild pig, flying lemur and monitor lizard), six (6) threatened species (freshwater crab, eel, hawk, tikling-rail, flying lizard and Philippine king cobra), three (3) rare species (civet cat, king fisher and Philippine oriole) and the remaining nineteen (19) species are categorized under the abundant conservation status.

Main Report Chapter 2-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

20

15

10

5

0

Endangered Rare Threatened Abundant

Figure 2.2-1 Conservation Status of Faunal Species within Saug Watershed

Other than the species identified during the study, turtles, whales and others marine species found in Davao Gulf are also in fear for their continued existence. Accordingly, their possible extinction would be largely due to water pollution and contamination and disturbance and destruction of the corals/habitat.

On the other hand, tarsier which is famous in the island of Bohol can also be found in the Municipality of Kapalong. The Municipality of Carmen is host to migratory bird species during the winter months in their country of origin. Based on the latest bird watching activity in 2014 conducted by DENR Region XI, presence of species observed were Little Egret, Grey Plover, Pacific Golden Plover, Osprey, and Mongolian Plover. There are also sightings of Philippine Duck, an endemic species and other resident birds (e.g Java Pond Heron).

Given the vital data, it can be inferred that fauna biodiversity in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin is quite lesser, which can be attributed to the destruction of their natural habitats.

2.3 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS 2.3.1 Biodiversity Conservation Problems and Issues

On February 27, 2014, a one (1) day participatory planning workshops in the form of a Stakeholders Analytical and Planning were conducted at Raj Hotel Tagum City and the same was followed up on March 27, 2014 at DENR-PENRO Conference Hall, Tagum City. Several problems and issues within the TLRB were raised and identified during the workshops by the participant – stakeholders from different Tribal Leaders, IAs, Local Government Units, Government Offices such as DENR, NCIP, DOH, NIA, MWSS, PNP, AFP, DepEd, DA, DAR, Non Government Organizations and Water Districts.

Identified problems and issues in relation to biodiversity conservation include deforestation, biodiversity loss, land conversion and lack of community awareness.

Main Report Chapter 2-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

2.3.2 Stakeholders Objectives and Alternative Strategies The following objectives and strategies were the concerted output of the stakeholders to address the identified problems and issues stated above.

Table 2.3-1 Objective and Alternative Strategies

Stakeholders Participatory Planning Alternative Strategies Matrix (Alternative Analysis) Objectives Rehabilitation of watershed and its • Agroforestry tributaries to minimize impacts of siltation • Riverbank rehabilitation/stabilization and flooding • Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations Improve environmental awareness and • Creation and institutionalization subsequent control/mitigation of water • of a management body pollution and other environmental issues • Institutional advocacy • Capacity-building of communities Develop a collective information base of • Establishment of database Tagum-Libuganon River Basin • Establishment of MIS body To promote public awareness • Massive and continuous campaign To conserve forests in the watershed areas • Reforestation/rehabilitation / ANR of open/denuded lands within the river basins through NGP projects • Remaining forest land shall be protected • Strengthening implementation of NGP To improve compliance to laws, rules and • Review and harmonize all laws, rules and regulations regulations including LGU ordinances • Conduct IEC

The implementation of the strategies recommended by the stakeholders aim to protect and preserve the existing natural resources within TLRB. In the next fifteen (15) years, it is envisioned that there will be an increase in the biodiversity within the area. Moreover, the communities are more empowered in safeguarding their flora and fauna species.

2.4 PROPOSED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS

Table 2.4-1 Proposed Programs and Projects in Biodiversity Conservation

Programs and Projects Objectives • To identify the existing flora and fauna within the basin 1. Biodiversity Assessment and • Conservation Project To determine the conservation status and be able to recommend measures in protecting the identified species • To develop a protected area that will cater for the survival 2. Environment, Wildlife and of wildlife organisms Protected Areas Development • Project To protect and conserve the environment and wildlife species • To develop a collective information base on the flora and 3. Database Development fauna found within TLRB Program • To provide a data accessible to other entities for their research/study • To promote public awareness on the existing flora and 4. Environmental Awareness fauna Programs • To protect the flora and fauna through the vigilance of the communities

Main Report Chapter 2-4

Chapter 3 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 3 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

3.1 TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL PATTERN

3.1.1 Annual Mean Temperature

The Climate Change Commission of the Philippines has developed a National Framework Strategy on Climate Change whereby the said Commission in partnership and technical support by Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) has projected the climate change scenarios comes year 2020 and 2050. As a result of downscaling by PAGASA, the country’s average annual mean temperature will increase by 0.9 degrees to 1.2 degree Celcius by 2020 and will increase more to 1.7 degrees to 3.0 degree Celcius by 2050. As shown in figure below, it is very alarming that Mindanao will experience temperature increase higher than Luzon and Visayas Islands.

Source: PAGASA 2010

Figure 3.1-1 Projected Changes in Annual Mean Temperature for 2020 and 2050

3.1.2. Annual Mean Rainfall

PAGASA (2010) made a projections that the country will experience a change in annual precipitation from – 0.5% to 17.4% in 2020 and – 2.4% to 16.4% by 2050. This means that Regions 1 to 9 and CAR will encounter increases in rainfall while Regions 10 to 13 including ARMM will go through a more drying trend. On the other hand, NCR will face a dilemma on the decrease of annual mean temperature by 2020 and an increase on the other by 2050. See figure below.

Main Report Chapter 3-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Source : PAGASA, 2010 Figure 3.1-2 Projected Changes in Annual Mean Rainfall for 2020 and 2050

3.1.3 TLRB Annual Mean Temperature and Rainfall

The average temperature in the river basin is approximately 250C-260C as shown in Table 3.1-1. The western and northern portions of the river basin have lower temperature than other areas as derived from World Climate Data. The data is clipped to local position and reprojected to local coordinates. The data source was restricted to available records between year 1950 and 2000.

On the other hand, it shows the projections of changes in temperature and rainfall on provinces located in TLRB. Agusan del Sur was not considered due to relative small area covered in TLRB. It is indicated that the increase in average temperature from current baseline is 10C by 2020 and 2.20C by 2050. This is based on published document titled “Climate Change in the Philippines” from PAGASA in February 2011. With these projections, the resulting effect of climate change in TLRB is decrease in rainfall. Accordingly, the decrease in annual rainfall from current baseline is -1.48% by 2020 and -6.62% by 2050.

Main Report Chapter 3-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 3.1-1 Projections of Changes in Temperature and Rainfall in TLRB

Observed Baseline CHANGE in 2020 CHANGE in 2050 Provinces (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065) Temperature DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON (°C) COMPOSTELA 26.7 27.8 27.6 27.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 VALLEY DAVAO DEL 26.7 27.8 27.4 27.4 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.1 NORTE Observed Baseline CHANGE in 2020 CHANGE in 2050 Provinces (1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065) Rainfall (mm) COMPOSTELA 748.1 559 546.7 586.6 10.2 -11.3 -2.7 0.3 6.6 -21.9 -6.5 0 VALLEY DAVAO DEL 637 496.5 535.6 556.2 9.2 -12.5 -3.6 -1.5 1.1 -22.2 -7.9 -2.2 NORTE

There is expected decrease in surface as a result of decreased rainfall. The surface runoff rainfall from current baseline is -6 to -82% by 2020 and -11 to -96% by 2050. The upper range of decrease in runoff to rivers may be expected during drier months where rainfall is limited between March and June. This is based on hydrological assumptions that rainfall is uniformly decreased. Given the trend and projections of temperature and rainfall, all activities in the TLRB from the present year 2014 to 2035, more likely, Compostela Valley Province will have to start its reforestation/tree planting activities from the months of September to February on the next year while Davao del Norte has only three wetting months from December to February on the following year. Infrastructure activities may likewise be adjusted to the months projected corresponding to the nature and purpose of the project.

3.2 CLIMATOLOGY

The Climatic type of the Philippines is classified into four (4) climatological regions based on Coronas Classifications. In Figure 3.2-1, TLRB has a Type IV climate. This climate pattern has moderate effects of the northeast monsoon and trade winds as well as the southwest monsoon and cyclonic storms. The resulting rainfall pattern is uniformly distributed throughout the year. The TLRB has a meteorological station in Tagum City. This is the University of Southeastern Philippines (USEP) Mabini Campus. The gathered data were daily rainfall and other weather variables. Figure 3.2-1 Climatic Type of the Philippines

Main Report Chapter 3-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

The rainfall isohyets interpolated from 0.50 rainfall grid from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) is shown in Figure 3.2-2. The basin annual rainfall varies approximately between 1,300 mm in the eastern portion and 3,000 mm in the western mountainous areas.

The monthly air temperature ranges from 25oC to 27oC per records/data obtained at the station. This data has the same trend captured by International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Also, the humidity in the river basin is shown. The monthly average humidity decreases as temperature increases. This inverse relationship has a variance 0.40. These changes are noticeable during the months of March to June. Figure 3.2-2 Average Monthly Temperature and Humidity

Based on the records from gathered data, the average number of days with rain every month is 15 days. Also, the sunshine percentage or land exposure to sun has an average of 52%. As shown in Figure 3.2-3, the sunshine percentage is inversely proportional to the number of days with recorded rainfall with a variance of 0.34.

Figure 3.2-3 Number of Days with Rain and Percent Sunshine per Month

Main Report Chapter 3-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

3.3 TYPHOON

An analysis on typhoon passage over the three main islands (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao) resulted to a trend as shown in Figure 3.3-1. Since TLRB is located in Mindanao, few typhoons pass by the island and by the river basin. This is because of location in which typhoons formed in Pacific Ocean tends to move northwest direction as it approaches Mindanao. The areas with high pressure in East Asia (i.e. Japan and China) and southeast tip of Asia (i.e. Vietnam and Hong Kong) are a factor in typhoon track and movement forecasting.

Figure 3.3-1 Resulting Trend of Analysis of Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines

A study was conducted wherein typhoon simulation was used to determine extreme wind speed for the entire Philippines. In particular, the area where TLRB is located, the resulting probability distribution is shown in Figure 3.3-2.

Figure 3.3-2 Typhoon Frequency Probability Distribution

Main Report Chapter 3-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 3.3-3, provides enough information on how frequent a typhoon passes by Mindanao based on historical records. You may notice that from 1955 to 1981, the interval incidence of typhoon per year in Mindanao is quite longer than in our present days. The longest interval happened was between years 1957, 1972 and 1981.

Figure 3.3-3 Typhoon Tracks in Mindanao

This means that Mindanao Island has not experienced typhoon for 11 to 15 years. No doubt, that during these years, Mindanao was acknowledged as the food basket of the

Main Report Chapter 3-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin country, although, that name remains the same, but with the occurrence of typhoons Pablo, Sendong and others during late 2011 to 2013, the productions in Mindanao, particularly, Davao Regions, and de Oro were most likely affected.

The extreme wind speed was generated using typhoon simulation and translated and reflected in the map to aid the legislators, officials and planners in planning structures, structural design, and disaster risk management where wind speed is a critical factor. As shown on the Figure 3.3-4, the TLRB has experience typhoon having 95 to more than 100 wind speed. Thus, in any projects in TLRB, it has to be climate proofing and resilient to withstand any unpredictable climate change.

Figure 3.3-4 Wind Speed Map

3.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

Climate change mitigation through forestry in tropical countries like the Philippines provides a promising way of reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. Several studies indicate the importance of tropical forest to have the biggest long-term potential in sequestering atmospheric carbon. In addition, the Philippines, being a humid tropical country, has favorable conditions for tree growth. This is observable on the high carbon storage and rate of sequestration of forests and plantation trees in the country.

One of the forest types considered to have a major potential to sequester atmospheric carbon are plantation forests such as reforestation (Lasco and Pulhin, 1998). Tree plantations in the Philippines are estimated to be sequestering carbon at the rate of 2.6 million tons annually. Accordingly, if these plantations would remain to grow for ten years it may sequester up to 260 million tons of carbon, though this is a very optimistic calculation. The sequestration potential of a certain tree plantation, however, varies in terms of the type of species, age, and silvicultural practices applied which can enhance the growth of trees and increase their biomass (Lasco and Pulhin, 1998). Refer to Table 3.4-1 for the carbon density for various land use.

Main Report Chapter 3-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

On the existing land use, TLRB has potential above ground carbon density of 27,114,402.97 Mg, based from several scientific studies conducted on the carbon storage and sequestration potential of different land uses as reference.

Table 3.4-1 Sequestration Potential of different Land Uses

Land-Use(ha) Carbon (Mg/ha) References Old Growth Forest/Closed Canopy 295.00 IPCC default (Houghton et al., 1997) (mean) Secondary Forest/Open Canopy 240.70 Lasco et al, 2004 Mangrove Forest 176.80 Lasco et al, 2000 Agroforestry/Plantation crop 43.60 Zamora, 1999 Grassland 8.90 Lasco, et al, 1999 Agricultural Crops (mean) 7.41 Lasco, et al, 1999 Built-Up/Brushland 29.00 Lasco, et al, 1999 Source: Lasco, et.al 2004

3.4.1 Potential Carbon Stock

TLRB has a potential carbon stock about 17,223,079.90 Mg found basin – wide. This can be found basin wide from Loreto, Agusan del Sur, ComVal, Davao del Norte and Davao City (refer to Tables 3.4-2 to 3.4-4).

For Loreto, Agusan del Sur, the total potential carbon stock is 1,798,401.33 mg. Of its entirety, open forest represents 76.6% followed by closed forest with 23.04%.

Table 3.4-2 Potential Carbon Stock of Loreto, Agusan del Sur

Vegetative Area (Hectares) Carbon Stock % Dist.

Closed forest 1,404.72 414,392.40 23.04 Open Forest 5,723.25 1,377,586.28 76.60 Mixed Grassland 337.25 3,001.53 0.17 Shrubs / brushland 117.97 3,421.13 0.19 TOTAL 7,583.19 1,798,401.33 100.00

Compostela Valley with five (5) Municipalities within TLRB has a total of 370,949.64 mg only of potential carbon stock. Please see table below.

Table 3.4-3 Potential Carbon Stock of Compostela Valley

Vegetative Cover Area (Hectares) Carbon Stock (mg) % Dist.

Annual / Perennial Crop 37,996.44 281,553.62 75.90 Built-up 221.65 6,427.85 1.73 Mixed Grassland 561.69 4,999.04 1.35 Shrubs / brushland 1,337.29 38,781.41 10.45 Mangrove Forest 221.65 39,187.72 10.56 TOTAL 40,338.72 370,949.64 100.00

Main Report Chapter 3-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Davao del Norte has the most potential carbon stock among the provinces and cities in TLRB. It has a total of 14,516,901.66 carbon stock from ridge to reef. The most dominant of which is the open forest having a share of 67.14% of the entire area while mangrove forest has the least carbon stock of 16,663.40 mg or 0.11% only. Please see table below.

Table 3.4-4 Potential Carbon Stock of Davao del Norte

Vegetative Cover Area (Hectares) Carbon Stock (mg) % Dist.

Closed forest 7,900.29 2,330,585.55 16.05 Open Forest 40,492.08 9,746,443.66 67.14

Annual / Perennial Crop 115,024.40 852,330.80 5.87 Built-up 4,433.48 128,570.92 0.89 Mixed Grassland 24,554.35 218,533.72 1.51 Shrubs / brushland 42,199.09 1,223,773.61 8.43 Mangrove Forest 94.25 16,663.40 0.11 TOTAL 234,697.94 14,516,901.66 100.00

Davao City has only four (4) barangays supporting the TLRB, however, its potential carbon stock is important as it has a total of 576,015.15 mg. Please see table below.

Table 3.4-5 Potential Carbon Stock of Davao City (Barangays Tapak, Mapula & Paradise Embak)

Vegetative Area (Hectares) Carbon Stock (mg) % Dist.

Open Forest 600.84 144,622.19 25.11

Annual / Perennial Crop 1,412.26 10,464.85 1.82 Built-up 20.32 589.28 0.10 Mixed Grassland 15,056.32 134,001.25 23.26 Shrubs / brushland 9,873.71 286,337.59 49.71 TOTAL 26,963.45 576,015.15 100.00

In TLRB, Davao del Norte share the highest potential for Carbon Stock at an amount of 14,516,901.66 or 84.10% followed by Loreto, Agusan del Sur which represents 10.42% then Davao City and Comval with a percentage share of 3.34% and 2.15% respectively. Mangrove potential for carbon stock in TLRB is lower due to a small number of areas of mangrove found in Tagum City and Carmen, Davao del Norte. Please see Table 3.4-5 below.

Main Report Chapter 3-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 3.4-5 Potential Carbon Stock of TLRB

City/Province Carbon Stock % Dist.

Loreto, Agusan 1,798,401.33 10.42

Comval 370,949.74 2.15

Davao del Norte 14,516,901.66 84.10

Davao City 576,015.15 3.34

TOTAL 17,262,267.88 100.00

Given the potential of the tree species to sequester carbon, TLRB shows a promising river basin in mitigating the effects of climate change. More so, it could be enhanced further with the implementation of the proposed watershed management development activities and strategies for the next 15 years.

3.5 PROJECTS

PAGASA has recently conducted ground breaking for the construction of Meteorological Station capable of providing flood forecasting and warnings at the Provincial Government Center of Davao del Norte in Mankilam, Tagum City. A perspective of the building is seen on the opposite.

Meanwhile, it shall install additional various instruments throughout the river consisting of six (6) rainfall gauges in (blue) and ten (10) automatic water level gauges (yellow) as indicatively shown in Figure 3.5-1. The specific location of these instruments shall be determined further.

Main Report Chapter 3-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Legend: - Rainfall Gauges - Automatic Water Level Gauges

Figure 3.5-1 Location of Proposed Rainfall and Automatic Water Level Gauges

Main Report Chapter 3-11

Chapter 4 Water Resources Management Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 4 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

4.1. WATER RESOURCES

Water resources in TLRB are presently abundant to supply domestic, commercial and industrial needs, however, development of this sector is still limited. It is limited in the sense that there are only few records available regarding water extraction from deep aquifer for domestic and commercial purposes.

Municipal water supply urban and rural areas, including privately owned water sources for domestic, industrial and commercial uses. The different levels of service are defined by the type of facility used as follows:

1) Level III system, consisting of individual house connections or municipal water works system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and households taps. It is usually found in densely populated communities and is usually established and operated by Water Districts under the technical assistance of Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA).

2) Level II system, consisting of standpipes or communal faucet system. It has a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network, and communal faucets located at not more than 25 meters from the farthest house. It is designed to serve rural and urban areas where houses are clustered densely for a simple piped system. These facilities are usually operated by Local Government Units (LGUs), Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Associations (RWSAs), Barangay Waterworks and Sanitation Associations (BWSAs) or Non-Government Organizations (NGOs).

3) Level I system, consisting of a point source with protected well or spring and an outlet but without a distribution system. This is generally adaptable for rural areas where houses are thinly scattered. It is common in rural barangays where majority of which are owned privately.

In line with domestic water supply development, therefore, it is best to start with field investigation and exploration as to how deep are the aquifers, if there are any, in all seventeen towns and municipalities. Such investigations will observed the following, viz;

1. Geophysical exploration utilizing resistivity survey or Vertical Electrical Survey (VES) to pinpoint and define possible aquifers underneath the surface. 2. Drilling in order to verify the thicknesses of the same as well as the aquicludes that confine them provided water-bearing underneath reservoirs are already zeroed in and evaluated; and 3. Exploration to be able to know how much water volume per time could these reservoirs yield, whether it is worth developing the wells or abandon them for insufficiency.

There are towns and cities that have fully developed domestic water supply systems, but these data should still become useful in the near future expansion plans of the water districts running the water supply of their communities.

Main Report Chapter 4-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.2. WATER BALANCE

Water balance of TLRB was determined using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This is a watershed model widely used to predict water quantity and quality under varying land use and water use regimes. Initially, the watershed was divided into sub- basins that are assigned a stream channel. Then each sub-basin of the watershed was divided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) which are defined as the coincidence of soil type and land use. The HRU is the smallest unit in the SWAT model and is used to simulate all processes such as rainfall, run-off, infiltration plant dynamics (including uptake of water, nutrients, biomass, etc.), erosion, nutrient recycling, leaching of pesticides, and many others.

In this plan, the water balance of the river basin was based on rainfall data from PAGASA USEP weather station and the evapo – transpiration estimation from evaporation data of IWMI database. Surface runoff is the portion of rainfall that flows over the ground surface wherein the resulting surface runoff was estimated based on Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) method. Meanwhile, the CN representing the river basin was based on antecedent moisture condition (AMC), which is an index of soil condition.

Antecedent Moisture Condition is divided into three (3) classes: AMC I, AMC II, and AMC III representing dry, average, and wet conditions. AMC II was taken to characterize standard condition from which adjustments to the corresponding curve numbers for AMC I and AMC III are derived. Since the river basin has a fairly uniform rainfall distribution throughout the year, the following curve numbers in Table 4.2-1 are assigned with higher curve numbers. The detailed methodology of runoff estimation is based on the National Engineering Handbook Section 4 (NEH-4) and TR-55 of USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Table 4.2-1 Classes of Antecedent Moisture Condition and corresponding Curve Number

AMC Five (5) Day Antecedent Rainfall (AR), mm Curve Number I AR < 35 70 II > 35 AR but < 53 85 III AR > 53 94 Source: TR-55 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

The remaining hydrologic variable is groundwater.

Water balance computations were carried out for TLRB area using long-term water balance equation provided below:

P = E + Q + G

where, P rainfall (mm) E evapotranspiration (mm) Q surface runoff (mm) G groundwater (mm)

Main Report Chapter 4-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Rainfall pattern varies from month to month as seen in Figure 4.2.1. It shows that in a year, the months of May, September and October has a high amount of precipitation not less than 200 mm per month while the driest month in a year falls under the month of April.

Figure 4.2-1 Graphic Presentation of the Amount of Rainfall, Evapotranspiration, Runoff, and Groundwater per Month

Since there is available data of rainfall and evaporation in which surface runoff was based, groundwater was estimated. The resulting monthly water balance of TLRB is in Table 4.2-2. It is notable that the month of April has negative groundwater water recharge which means the stored water below the ground before April are released due to reduced moisture from rainfall during onset of summer season.

Table 4.2-2 Amount of Rainfall, Evapotranspiration, Runoff, and Groundwater per Month

Month Rainfall Evapotranspiration Runoff Groundwater

Jan 211.28 83.58 55.51 85.68 Feb 206.84 83.33 64.29 46.25 Mar 224.19 102.92 68.10 47.11 Apr 131.67 108.72 23.60 -54.46 May 216.73 103.66 45.89 135.00 Jun 182.36 87.60 29.41 63.52 Jul 162.56 93.99 23.36 25.07 Aug 194.96 96.47 30.43 90.91 Sep 251.79 96.00 71.17 101.19 Oct 259.89 94.24 55.42 135.82 Nov 177.97 87.60 17.94 34.63 Dec 168.47 85.31 24.44 45.00 TOTAL 2388.71 1123.42 509.56 755.72 Source : PAGASA, 2011

Main Report Chapter 4-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.2.1 Water Balance Assessment and Analysis

Results of the calibration indicated that the mean annual runoff of the river basin is about 306 mm. This represents a runoff coefficient (ratio of runoff to rainfall) is about 21% or equivalent to 509.56 mm per year. This value is in agreement with previously computed runoff coefficient in other rivers nearby. The total groundwater recharge in the basin is estimated to be 755 mm or 32% of the annual rainfall. Total water yield is estimated to be about 1061 mm or 53% of the annual rainfall.

Table 4.2-3 Rainfall Distribution in TLRB Per Year

Classes of Water Amount (mm) % Dist.

Groundwater 755.72 31.637 Evapotranspiration 1123.42 47.031 Runoff 509.56 21.332

TOTAL 2,388.70 100.00

The simulated values for mean monthly water balance for 1980 to 2012 showed that the large proportion of rainfall is lost as surface runoff and only a minimal proportion actually is recharged to the groundwater aquifer. Low groundwater recharge is actually governed by the geologic property of the watershed. Still, the water yield of Tagum-Libuganon River is adequate all year round with its peak from August to January. This further indicates the potential of surface water of the two conjoined river systems to be tapped for irrigation as well as for micro-hydropower systems. Figure 4.2-2 shows the different hydrologic activities and the estimated amount of water (in mm) per activity.

Figure 4.2-2 Hydrologic Activities and Estimated Amount of Water Per Activity

Main Report Chapter 4-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.3 DEPENDABLE FLOW

Five (5) stream flow gauging stations inside the river basin and adjacent thereto are established to exhibit comparable stream flow and rainfall ratio. Table 4.3-1 shows its location and other details gathered from National Water Information Network (NWIN).

Table 4.3-1 List of Stream Flow Gauging Stations in TLRB

Station Code Location 10SW074260BRS034 Mamonga, Monkayo, Compostela Valley HIJO01 Apokon, Tagum, Davao del Norte 11SW072254PW004 Pagsabangan, Tagum, Davao del Norte 11SW072254PW007 Tipaz, Tagum, Davao del Norte 10SW080255PW017 Nueva Gracia, Loreto, Agusan del Sur

The data gathered from the different stream flow gauging stations in TLRB were analyzed to derive flow duration curves and determine the percentage of time if a certain discharge is available. Thus, based on 80% probability, the average dependable flow of the river basin is about 1,280 m3/day/km2 of drainage area. Please see Figure 4.3-1.

Figure 4.3-1 Flow Duration Curves of the Stream Flow Gauging Stations

Main Report Chapter 4-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.4 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES

Climate Change is one of the most fundamental challenges ever to confront humanity. Its adverse impacts are already being seen and may intensify exponentially over time if nothing is done to reduce further emissions of greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, detailed information on plausible future climates, such as changes in temperature, rainfall and frequency of extreme weather events are important basis for planning and implementing climate change adaptations. In 2011, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) generated projections of temperature increase and rainfall change in the Philippines using Precis Model in two time frames, 2020 and 2050. Three of the emission scenarios developed by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change in its special report on emission scenarios were used to run the Precis Model. Emission scenarios cover a range of demographic, societal, economic and technological storylines.

4.5 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN RELATION TO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

4.5.1 Problems and Issues confronting the Water Resources Sector

During stakeholders public forum, there are problems and issues raised, identified and discussed by the stakeholders composed of primary, secondary and tertiary which are summarized as follows:

1. Insufficient water supply 2. Siltation of rivers causes flooding of farms along river banks 3. Isolation of communities when rivers swell 4. Inadequate facilities of irrigation systems 5. Low food production, hunger, poverty 6. Erosion, siltation and sedimentation of irrigated / irrigable areas and clogged irrigation canals 7. Frequent washing out of canal structures 8. Insufficient/deterioration of irrigation facilities 9. Clogged waterways 10. Large submerged area 11. Diminishing water supply 12. Pollution of water resource 13. Quarrying 14. Improper use of agricultural pesticides 15. Occurrence of water borne diseases 16. Use of water resource not appropriate/efficient 17. Damage to properties and facilities due to flood including loss of lives 18. Inadequate flood protection and drainage facilities 19. Riverbank extension and downgrade of water resource

Main Report Chapter 4-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.5.2 Problem Tree Analysis

Given the foregoing identified problems raised by the stakeholders, they can be summed up into three (3) core problems, using problem tree analysis such as; 1)Insufficient water supply, 2) Frequent flooding, and 3) Water pollution.

Analysis revealed that insufficient supply of water for domestic and agricultural purposes can be traced from inadequate and dilapidated water supply facilities and poor water management, respectively. Causes of water pollution are mine tailings, dumping of garbage in waterways and improper use of agricultural chemicals. The third core problem is frequent flooding brought about by poor flood control and drainage facilities, and siltation which is a result of watershed degradation. Immediate effects are increased cases of water-borne diseases, low productivity, and damages to properties and facilities. Please see Figure 4.4.1.

Using further the Problem Tree Analysis, the objectives of water resources management were determined in order to establish the means that in attaining the desired condition for the water resources sector. Shown in Table 4.4-1, are the Objective Translation, Means, and Ends for resolving the issues of the sector.

Table 4.4-1 Objective Analysis and Means to attain Desired Condition

Objective Tree Analysis - Means Ends Objective Translation Provision of Adequate Water • Regulation of ground water • Increased agricultural for Agriculture and other uses use production • Improved water • Availability of water supply management during dry season • Construction and rehabilitation of irrigation systems and facilities • Construction of Small Farm Reservoir Mitigate effects of flooding • Construction/repair of flood • Prevention of flooding in protection in the river agricultural areas banks and irrigation • Protection of structures, projects properties and lives • Enhance advocacy and • Reduced soil erosion and capacity building siltation • Provision of soil erosion control structure in the watershed Improve conditions of water • Implementation of Solid • Sustainable fish quality of the river Waste Management act production • Regulation of mining • Reduced occurrences of activities water borne diseases • Regulation on the use of • Ensured safe quality of agricultural chemicals water for agriculture and • Enhance advocacy and domestic use capacity building • Increase monitoring of quality standards

Main Report Chapter 4-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 4.4-1 Problem Tree Analysis

Main Report Chapter 4-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4.6 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

The major goals in forumulating a water resources management and development stategy is to promote and implement coordinated development and management of water, land and water resources within hydrological boundaries or basin unit; and to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.

The strategy shall anchor with Integrated Water Resources Management pillars which recognizes that fresh water is a finite and a vulnerable resource essential to sustain life for development and the environment; has economic value in all its competing uses and is an economic good, and should therefore be developed and managed collectively by all stakeholders with particular focus on the role of women as major participant in safeguarding of water resources.

4.6.1 Policy Statements for Water Resources Management and Development

During the consultations proceedings held in various areas in TLRB, the stakeholders crafted the following policy statements, viz;

1. Strengthen the IWRM approaches 2. Rehabilitation and restoration of forest and forest land 3. Enhancement of hydrometeorological instrumentations and measurements 4. Land and water use regulation 5. Regulation of chemical inputs (reduction of use of agro-chemicals) 6. Adequate water supply for domestic use and agriculture 7. Provision of available water supply during dry season for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses 8. Improvement of the deteriorating water quality in the TLRB 9. Optimization of the development potentials of the TLRB system

4.6.2 Development and Management Strategies:

1. Evaluate projects within the river basin for potential candidates for PPP projects to be promoted by the province

2. Intensified provision of support services, particularly, promotion of agro-based enterprises

3. Facilitate access to credit and financing of improvement, development, and establishment of agricultural infrastructures and facilities such as irrigation, nurseries, farm to market roads, post-harvest facilities, and tramlines

4. Intensify the promotion and development of location-specific, cost effective, environment-friendly technologies

5. Construction of water distribution systems

6. Use of organic fertilizers

Main Report Chapter 4-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

7. Water saving technologies/structures

8. Construction of silt retention dams in selected river tributaries and run-off the river diversion dam for irrigation.

9. Establish flood control structures to protect agricultural areas

10. Increase investments in the TLRB by promoting the development potentials of the river zones in the tourism, irrigation generation, fisheries, river transport and mining and quarrying

4.6.3 Synthesis

The strategy shall anchor with IWRM pillars which recognizes that fresh water is a finite and a vulnerable resource essential to sustain life; for development and the environment. It has economic value in all its competing uses and is an economic good, and should therefore be developed and managed collectively by all stakeholders with particular focus on the role of women as major participant in safeguarding of water resources.

Main Report Chapter 4-10

Chapter 5 River and River

Delta Management Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 5 RIVER AND RIVER DELTA MANAGEMENT

5.1 MAJOR RIVERS

The TLRB has a complex river network as exhibited by its numerous creeks, streams and rivers. These surface waters flow down to the central alluvial plain before it empties into Davao Gulf. These rivers within the basin play an important role into the everyday living of the nearby communities. There are three (3) major rivers traversing the basin which includes Libuganon River, Saug River, and Tuganay River.

5.2 SUB-WATERSHEDS OF TLRB

TLRB has a total length of 339.04 kilometers wherein its headwaters have originated from Loreto, Agusan del Sur; Montevista, ComVal and Davao City. It has three (3) major sub-watersheds namely; Saug River Watershed, Tagum-Libuganon River Watershed and Tuganay River Watershed. The longest river among the three is the Tagum- Libuganon River having a length of 175.03 kilomenters. Please see Table 5.2-1 below.

Table 5.2-1 Sub-watersheds of TLRB

Sub-Watershed Total (Kilometer) Saug River Watershed 120.87 Tagum-Libuganon River Watershed 175.03 Tuganay River Watershed 103.13 Grand Total 399.04

5.2.1 Saug River

Saug River, approximately 120.87 kilometers in length, which originates from the slopes of Olagusan, Laak and portion of Monkayo located in the Province of Compostela Valley. Similar with Libuganon River, this river also empties into Tagum River at Pagsabangan, Tagum City. Saug River runs through the Municipalities of Asuncion and New Corella, Davao del Norte. The rice fields in Asuncion and major banana plantations in New Corella depend on this river for irrigation water. It is also being used for washing of clothes and primary contact recreation (e.g. bathing, swimming). More resorts have been established in New Corella due to its crystal clear waters.

5.2.2 Libuganon River

This River is the longest river in the river basin approximately 175.03 kilometers which meanders from the mountains of Kapalong, Davao del Norte and Loreto, Agusan del Sur down to Tagum River at Pagsabangan, Tagum City. It traverses the Municipalities of Kapalong, Asuncion and Sto. Tomas. This river is utilized for domestic purposes such as bathing, washing clothes and an alternative way to transport people and goods. It is also a source of irrigation water to Mabantao Dam and Mamacao Kipaliko dam supplying the rice fields found in the Municipality of Kapalong. There are several sand and gravel extraction activities on this river due to its richness and abundance supply particularly in the downstream Libuganon River.

Main Report Chapter 5-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.2-1 Map Showing Sub-Watersheds of TLRB

5.2.3 Tuganay River

Tuganay River originates from the mountain range at the boundary of Davao City and Municipality of Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte. The upstream portion of this river is abundant with sand and gravel and it is also generally used for domestic purposes. Tuganay River was included as part of the TLRB due to the existing cut-off channel constructed by DPWH. The water that originates from Sto. Tomas runs down to the Municipalities of B. Dujali and Carmen while Panabo City receives water from the northern side of Davao City.

This river is approximately 103.13 kilometers in length, which traverses the agricultural plantations (coconut, corn and banana) and residential areas. Generally, it is being utilized for domestic uses such as bathing and washing of clothes. It is also use for drinking and bathing for domesticated animals. Sand material can also be obtained into this river. Conventional fish cages can also be observed in some portion of this river particularly in Carmen, Davao del Norte.

5.3 ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF SAND AND GRAVEL

As mentioned in the previous section, the Libuganon River and Tuganay River are sources of quality sand and gravel. As shown in Table 5.3-1, the volume of sand and

Main Report Chapter 5-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin gravel extracted from Libuganon River from 2008 to 2013 is 255,930 m3 yielding a revenue of PhP4,929,650.00. On the other hand, Tuganay River has produced a volume of 109,854 m3 of sand and gravel from the same period. This has generated revenue of PhP 1,935,710.00.

The total volume of sand and gravel extracted from both rivers is 365,784 m3, contributing a revenue of PhP 6,865,360.00 into the province.

Table 5.3-1 Annual Production of Sand and Gravel

Volume No. of Revenue River Name Year 3 (m ) Permittees (in PhP) Libuganon River 2008 39,710 9 595,650.00 2009 54,523 10 817,845.00 2010 31,192 9 467,880.00 2011 21,435 9 321,525.00 2012 47,295 11 1,182,375.00 2013 61,775 10 1,544,375.00 Total 255,930 58 4,929,650.00 Tuganay River 2008 21,312 4 319,680.00 2009 38,224 5 573,360.00 2010 14,005 5 210,075.00 2011 7,520 4 112,800.00 2012 12,671.5 3 316,757.50 2013 16,121.5 5 403,037.50 Total 109,854 26 1,935,710.00 Grand Total 365,784 84 6,865,360.00 Source: PENRO-LGU (2008-2013)

5.4 WATER QUALITY

DENR-EMB-Region XI has established monitoring stations (see Figure 5.4-1) in strategic locations of TLRB to assess the current state of these rivers. Several parameters were tested and the results were compared with their corresponding water quality criteria.

Main Report Chapter 5-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-1 Map Showing Sub-Watersheds of TLRB

5.4.1 Libuganon River

The water quality monitoring was conducted from March to November 2013 except for nitrate, phosphate, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead, which were analyzed only twice during the entire period. Currently, Libuganon River does not have its water classification yet. The result from this monitoring will be the basis for the proposed classification of this river.

As shown in Table 5.4-1, the average values obtained for dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, nitrate, lead and cadmium falls within the Class C standards. The obtained phosphate level slightly deviated with the criteria, which may be a result of using fertilizers into agricultural and plantations areas near the river. The amount of copper in the water is slightly higher than the standards.

The average value for total coliform exceeded the allowable content of 5,000 MPN/100ml. High total coliform count indicates that the water is contaminated with pathogenic organisms, which may come either from soil or human/animal wastes.

Main Report Chapter 5-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 5.4-1 Water Quality Monitoring Results of Libuganon River

Average Water Quality Criteria PARAMETERS Values Class C Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 7.0 5.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5-day), 2.0 7.0 mg/L pH 7.9 6.5-8.5 Total Suspended Solids, mg/L 1,103 Not more than 30 mg/L increase Nitrates, mg/L 0.22 10 (j) Phosphates, mg/L 0.59 0.4 Copper, mg/L 0.06 0.05 (o) Lead, mg/L <0.01 0.05 Cadmium, mg/L 0.001 0.01 Zinc, mg/L 0.042 - Total Coliform, MPN/100ml 18,857 5,000 Fecal Coliform, MPN/100ml 6,458 Remarks: (j) applicable to lakes or reservoirs, and similarly impounded waters (o) limit is in terms of dissolved copper Source: EMB-Region XI, 2013 Note: - No Standard

5.4.2 Saug River

The data obtained was based on the semi-annual water quality monitoring from 2004- 2008. As shown on Table 5.4-2, the average results of pH, DO and BOD for all monitoring years show that the water of Saug River are well within the permissible level for Class B standards.

Notably, total coliform count in 2004 is almost four times higher as compared to DENR standards. This may indicate that Saug River is no longer suitable for its beneficial use as primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming due to bacterial contamination in the water.

Table 5.4-2 Water Quality Monitoring Results of Saug River

Water Quality PARAMETERS 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Criteria (Class B) No abnormal Color 13 - 3 4 11 discoloration Temperature, ⁰C Max. of 3⁰C 31 - 26 28 26 pH 6.5-8.5 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.8 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L Min 5.0 7.1 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 (5-day), mg/L Not more than 30 Total Suspended Solids, mg/L 41 37 27 39 782 30% increase Total Coliform, MPN/100mL 1,000 3,635 - - - - Source: Water Quality Assessment Report, EMB-Region XI Note: - No specified data

Main Report Chapter 5-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figures 5.4-2 to 5.4-5 show the trend from 2004-2008 for the significant parameters which include pH, DO, BOD and total suspended solids (TSS).

The average pH values do not vary, which ranges from 7.7-7.9. The highest pH was obtained in 2004 and 2006 while the lowest value was in 2005.

The highest average concentration of DO was acquired in 2004 with 7.1 mg/L. DO does not significantly vary during the monitoring years. Values are well within the minimum requirement for Class B.

From 0.9 mg/L in 2004, the BOD concentration slightly increased in 2005. The highest recorded value is 1.7 mg/L in 2008. The obtained BOD values are low when compared to the standard.

In terms of TSS, the values obtained from 2004-2007 were relatively low. However, there was a significant increase of TSS in 2008. High TSS content may come from different factors including high water flow rate, urban runoff, soil erosion, effluent and decaying plants and animals.

Figure 5.4-2 Annual pH Result in Saug River

Main Report Chapter 5-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-4 Annual Biochemical Oxygen Demand Result in Saug River

Figure 5.4-3 Annual Dissolved Oxygen Result in Saug River

Main Report Chapter 5-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-5 Annual Total Suspended Solids Result in Saug River

5.4.3 Tagum River

EMB-XI conducted monitoring of Tagum River in 2001-2008 for the following parameters: color, temperature, pH, DO, BOD, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), TSS, and total coliform (only in 2007). During these years, Tagum River was still classified as Class D. The recent monitoring in 2013 aimed to re-classify Tagum River to Class C for better protection and preservation. Moreover, additional parameters including phosphate, nitrate, total coliform, fecal coliform, copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc were also tested.

As shown in Table 5.4-3, the results revealed that the parameters including pH, DO, BOD and cadmium falls within the permissible level. The graphical representations of the results are shown in Figures 5.4-6 to 5.4-10 for pH, DO, BOD, total dissolved solids (TDS) and TSS.

Table 5.4-3 Water Quality Monitoring Results of Tagum River

Water Quality PARAMETERS Criteria 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2013 (Class D) No abnormal Color 27 9 20 20 - 5 8 6 - discoloration Temperature, Max. 3⁰ C rise 29 30 30 29 - 26 28 27 29 ⁰C pH 6.0-9.0 7.7 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.8 Dissolved Min 3.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.2 6.4 7.1 6.7 5.8 6.5 Oxygen, mg/L Biochemical Oxygen 10.0 0.7 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 3.1 Demand (5- day), mg/L Total Dissolved 1,000 1,373 1,696 397 451 - 410 277 257 - Solids, mg/L

Main Report Chapter 5-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Total Not more than Suspended 60 mg/L 110 108 94 60 290 234 267 264 1,107 Solids, mg/L increase Nitrates, mg/L ------0.22 Phosphates, ------0.45 mg/L Copper, mg/L ------0.09 Lead, mg/L ------0.01 Cadmium, 0.05 ------0.01 mg/L Zinc, mg/L ------0.07 Total Coliform, 30,14 ------6,097 - MPN/100ml 8 Fecal Coliform, ------8,694 MPN/100ml Source: Water Quality Assessment Report, EMB-Region XI Note: - No specified data/No standards

The values of pH do not fluctuate much during the monitoring years. The lowest data was obtained in 2008 while the highest value recorded was 8.1 in 2002.

Consistently, all DO values were above the Class D standards. In fact, these values are even acceptable for Class B and Class C. High DO content may indicate that the river is capable of supporting the life of aquatic organisms. The highest DO recorded was 7.2 mg/L in 2004.

BOD concentration started low at 0.7 mg/L in 2001. The increase in its value was observed in 2005. During the recent monitoring in 2013, BOD level is already at 3.1 mg/L. Nevertheless, it is still well-within the acceptable standards even compared to a higher Class.

The baseline data obtained in 2001 for TDS revealed that the background level is already higher as compared to the Class D standards. It even increased more in the succeeding year. These TDS values indicate that there is a high concentration of ions into the water. But decline in its value started to be observed in 2003.

The obtained TSS in 2005 failed the standards since its value increased more than 60 mg/L as compared to the previous year. The lowest recorded value was 60 mg/L in 2004 while the highest was 1,107 mg/L in 2013. The three other rivers might have influenced this high TSS content since they all drain into Tagum River.

Main Report Chapter 5-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-6 Annual pH Result in Tagum River

Figure 5.4-7 Annual Dissolved Oxygen Result in Tagum River

Main Report Chapter 5-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-8 Annual Biochemical Oxygen Demand Result in Tagum River

Figure 5.4-9 Annual Total Dissolved Solids Result in Tagum River

Main Report Chapter 5-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-10 Annual Total Suspended Solids Result in Tagum River

5.4.4 Tuganay River

Similar with Tagum River, monitoring of Tuganay River was also conducted in 2001- 2008. The monitoring activity of this river only resumed in 2012. The parameters being tested are color, temperature, pH, DO, BOD and TSS.

As shown in Table 5.4-4, all the parameters particularly pH, DO and BOD were consistently within the permissible level for Class B standards. On the other hand, TSS values were unstable as the levels fluctuate every year and occasionally do not conform to the standards.

Table 5.4-4 Water Quality Monitoring Results of Tuganay River

Water Quality Parameters Criteria 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 2013 (Class B) No abnormal Color 23 6 27 41 - 4 4 5 13 - discoloration Max of 3⁰C Temperature, ⁰C 29 30 29 28 - 27 28 28 27 28 rise pH 6.5-8.5 7.8 8.3 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 Dissolved Min 5.0 mg/L 6.3 6.8 6.6 6.2 6.7 5.9 6.0 5.1 6.6 6.5 Oxygen, mg/L Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5.0 mg/L 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.7 (5-day), mg/L Total Suspended Not more than 82 37 145 386 948 78 56 111 561 263 Solids, mg/L 30% increase Source: Water Quality Assessment Report, EMB-Region XI Note: - No specified data/No standards

Main Report Chapter 5-12 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

The graphical representations of the results for pH, DO, BOD, and TSS are shown in Figures 5.4-11 to 5.4-14.

The highest recorded pH was 8.3 in 2002 while the lowest is 7.7 in 2004 and 2005. Nevertheless, all pH values are within the allowable range of 6.5-8.5.

DO concentrations have been consistently above the required minimum standards since 2001. However, deterioration of DO level was observed as it dropped to 5.1 mg/L, which is almost near the standards. But DO increase again in 2012 and 2013.

Similar to DO, BOD level have also been consistently below the DENR requirement for Class B. However, BOD started to increase in value in 2006 and even continued to increase in 2013. BOD is generally an indication of the presence of organic material into the water that is being oxidized by microorganisms.

TSS value started at 82 mg/L in 2001. The content of TSS in the water varies since there was an increasing and decreasing trend during the entire monitoring years. The highest value was recorded at 948 mg/L.

Figure 5.4-11 Annual pH Result in Tuganay River

Main Report Chapter 5-13 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-12 Annual Dissolved Oxygen Result in Tuganay River

Figure 5.4-13 Annual Biochemical Oxygen Demand Result in Tuganay River

Main Report Chapter 5-14 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 5.4-14 Annual Total Suspended Solids Result in Tuganay River

5.4.5 Conclusion

The four major rivers have a good water quality exhibited by high dissolved oxygen content and low BOD level. DO is an indication that the water is favorable for the survival of aquatic organisms. Consistent with high DO, obtained average values for BOD are below the water quality criteria for all rivers.

However, obtained total coliform and fecal coliform count in Libuganon River, Saug River, and Tagum River indicates contamination with pathogenic organisms, which might be a result of direct discharge of domestic wastes into the water.

It is recommended that a continuous monitoring of these rivers be implemented to determine the trend and water quality, which may aid in the formulation of policy in terms of protection and preservation.

5.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.5.1 Solid Waste As mandated by Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000, LGUs are required to formulate their Solid Waste Management Plans. As of 2009, only 20% of the cities/municipalities in the Davao Region have responded to this act. Seven out of ten the cities/municipalities who have formulated their ESWM Plan fall within the TLRB area. These include the Municipalities of New Corella, Talaingod, Kapalong, Panabo City, Sto. Tomas, Asuncion in Davao del Norte, and the Municipality of Monkayo in Compostela Valley.

Based on the secondary data gathered, the cities/municipalities still do not have sufficient facilities to manage their solid waste. Open/closed dumpsite remains a practice in most areas within the TLRB. Although in some municipalities, there is already an initiative to convert their dumpsites into an ecological park such as in the case of Tagum City.

Main Report Chapter 5-15 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

5.5.2 Wastewater Table 5.5-1 shows the fifteen (15) companies who have applied and were given approved wastewater discharge permit from EMB-XI. The two rivers receiving the wastewater from these companies are Libuganon River and Tuganay River.

Table 5.5-1 Companies Discharging into Libuganon and Tuganay Rivers

No. Name of Industry Receiving Waterbody 1 Marsman Estate # 1 Tuganay River 2 Marsman Estate # 3 Tuganay River 3 Marsman Estate # 4 Tuganay River 4 Marsman Estate # 5 Tuganay River 5 Marsman Estate # 6 Tuganay River 6 Tissue Culture Laboratory (STANFILCO) Libuganon River 7 STANFILCO PP -50 Libuganon river 8 STANFILCO PP -51 Libuganon river 9 STANFILCO PP -60 Libuganon river 10 STANFILCO PP -63 Libuganon river 11 Tropical Fresh Fruits PP 72 Tuganay River 12 JKM Pag-asa Agricultural, Inc. Libuganon River 13 Cycle Rich Summit Industries, Inc. Tuganay River 14 Tropical Fresh Fruits Inc. PH # 96 Tuganay River 15 Tropical Fresh Fruits Inc. PH # 76 Tuganay River

There are also some households who do not have proper toilet facilities, which indicate direct discharges of solid and water wastes into the environment.

5.6 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS

5.6.1 River and River Delta Problems and Issues

A participatory planning workshops with the Stakeholders were conducted using Analytical and Planning Workshop on February 27, 2014 at Raj Hotel Tagum City and March 27, 2014 at DENR-PENRO Conference Hall, Tagum City. Several problems and issues within the TLRB were raised and identified particularly on the issues and concerns of river and delta management including water pollution, soil erosion/siltation, unabated clearing of vegetation on riverbanks, improper solid waste management of solid and water wastes.

5.6.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies

The following objectives and strategies were the concerted output of the stakeholders to address the identified problems and issues stated above.

Main Report Chapter 5-16 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 5.6-1 Objective and Alternative Strategies

Stakeholders Participatory Alternative Strategies Planning Matrix (Alternative

Analysis) Objectives Rehabilitation of watershed and its • Agroforestry tributaries to minimize impacts of • Riverbank rehabilitation/stabilization siltation and flooding • Strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations Improve environmental awareness • Creation and institutionalization and subsequent control/mitigation of • of a management body water pollution and other • Institutional advocacy environmental issues • Capacity-building of communities Develop a collective information • Establishment of database base of Tagum-Libuganon River • Establishment of MIS body Basin To have adequate and potable • Tap National Government, LGU support water supply and proper waste • Implement proper septage management management (PD 856) • Encourage partnership of water district and LGUs Monitoring of the water quality • Healthy community free from water borne diseases Desilting of Libuganon River outlet • Tap National Government (DPWH) To stop illegal quarrying and mining • Enforcement of applicable laws on quarrying and mining

The implementation of the strategies recommended by the stakeholders aim to improve the water quality of the water bodies found within TLRB. Moreover, the river banks are envisioned to be in fully rehabilitated in the next 15 years.

5.6.3 Proposed Projects and Programs

The projects and programs listed in Table 5.6-2 were derived from the identified strategies by the stakeholders and from the initiative of the national and local government units.

Table 5.6-2 Projects and Programs and their Corresponding Objectives

Projects and Programs Objectives 1. Water Quality • To determine the current water quality of the major rivers Monitoring Programs traversing the basin • To formulate strategies that will improve the water quality of the rivers 2. Desilting of the • To remove the accumulated sediments and debris into the Tagum-Libuganon river mouth River mouth • To increase the capacity of the river • To improve the flow of the water • To expose the river bed; thus, providing habitats for aquatic

Main Report Chapter 5-17 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

organisms 3. Ecological Solid • To reinforce proper waste management scheme to all the Waste Management communities Programs • To prevent soil and water pollution 4. Aforestation of River • To minimize the impacts of siltation and flooding along the Banks riverbanks

• To increase the CO2 absorption capacity of the basin areas 5. Construction of • To provide a proper disposal for the generated solid wastes Waste Management • To avoid contamination of the surface and ground water Facilities such as Sanitary Landfill 6. Sedimentation Study • To determine the rate of overland erosion • To estimate the rate of delta formation 7. Database • To develop a collective information base on the water quality Development of the rivers Program • To provide a data accessible to other entities for their research/study 8. Environmental • To promote public awareness Awareness Program • To prevent water pollution on the river and river delta through the vigilance of the communities

Main Report Chapter 5-18

Chapter 6 Coastal and Aquatic Resource

Management Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 6 COASTAL AND AQUATIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

6.1 PROFILE OF DAVAO GULF

Davao Gulf is situated in the southeastern part of Mindanao. It is bounded by 4 provinces (, Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley and ), fourteen (14) municipalities, and five (5) cities, with a total length of 691 kilometers. Among the twenty four (24) fisheries of the country, Davao Gulf ranks 10th, making it a major fishing ground.

According to World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), Davao Gulf is one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world. It has twenty (20) species of mangroves, twelve (12) species of seaweeds, nine (9) species of seagrasses, an estimated total length of reef formation of 412.1 kilometers of corals, marine organisms (dolphins, whales, dugongs) and birds. The area is also abundant in invertebrate species such as gastropods, molluscs, bivalves, echinoderms, and crustaceans.

In June 2002, Resource and Social Assessment (RSA) of Davao Gulf, Philippines was conducted by BFAR-XI under the Fisheries Resource Management Project. This report discusses the current status of water quality and resources such as coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds of Davao Gulf, which are discussed below.

6.1.1 Water Quality

The study on water quality aims to gather baseline information on the physico-chemical characteristics and pollution of Davao Gulf. The parameters tested include DO, temperature, pH, nitrite, phosphate, total and fecal coliform, heavy metals (lead, mercury and copper) and organophosphate. The obtained results were compared with DENR Class SA waters.

Table 6.1-1 Summary of Water Quality of Davao Gulf

Parameters Class SA Result I. Ambient a. DO 5 mg/L 5.605 mg/L (minimum) b. pH 6.5-8.5 8.587-8.659 (range) c. Temperature 3˚C rise 1.492˚C difference (maximum) II. Nutrients a. Nitrite - 1.340 mg/L (maximum) b. Phosphate - 0.188 mg/L (maximum) III. Heavy Metals a. Copper nil ND b. Lead 0.05 mg/L ND-0.3 mg/L (range) c. Mercury 0.05 mg/L ND IV. Other pollutants a. Fecal coliform (E. coli) nil ND-50 MPN/100ml (range) b. Organophosphate nil ND c. Total coliform 70 MPN/100ml >180 MPN/100ml Note: - No standard ND Not detected

Based on the results as shown in Table 6.1-1, the obtained value for DO, temperature, copper, mercury and organophosphates passed the allowable limit for Class SA water.

Main Report Chapter 6-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

The pH range obtained during this study is relatively high and failed to meet the standards.

The result also revealed that the coastal water is contaminated with lead (maximum), fecal (maximum) and total coliform since the acquired values were above the criteria.

6.1.2 Fishes and Invertebrate Species

During the study period, a total of about 500 fish and invertebrate species were noted. The most frequently caught fishes are Selar crumenophthalmus and S. boops (matambaka). Other species caught includes the different species of tuna (tulingan, bariles, perit), caraballas (Indian mackerel), bilong-bilong, nokus (squids), bolinao, tamban and dewit.

6.1.3 Coral Reefs

The manta tow survey conducted around Davao Gulf revealed that the worse coral reef conditions are found in Davao del Norte and Davao City (refer to Table 6.1-2). Since the percentage of very good to excellent coral cover is very low, it can be concluded that the reefs of Davao Gulf is under severe stress. Factors contributing to this condition include use of destructive fishing methods, lack of and improper management practices (e.g over-harvesting), natural processes (e.g siltation) and other anthropogenic activities such as tourism and pollution.

Table 6.1-2 Summary of Results of the Manta Tow by Province

Province Poor Fair Good Very Good Excellent Davao Oriental 18.4 42.9 20.4 16.3 2.0 Compostela Valley 6.7 33.3 60.0 0 0 Davao del Norte 42.3 33.3 8.9 13.9 1.3 Davao City 100 0 0 0 0 Davao del Sur 24.1 37.0 37.0 1.9 0

6.1.4 Mangroves

The result of the assessment based on ocular survey is presented on Table 6.1-3. The total remaining mangrove cover in Davao Gulf in 2001 was about 528.6 hectares. The province with the highest remaining mangrove cover of about 234.1 ha. is Davao del Sur. Next to Davao City, the smallest mangrove cover with 65.2 ha. is Davao del Norte.

Table 6.1-3 Mangrove Cover in Davao Gulf

Province Cover (ha) Davao Oriental 92.9 Compostela Valley 85.1 Davao del Norte 65.2 Davao City 51.3 Davao del Sur 234.1 TOTAL 528.6

Main Report Chapter 6-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

The most common among the true mangrove trees are Rhizophora apiculata, Sonnertia alba, Rhizopora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia lanata and Avicennia marina. Nypa fruiticans was also observed in almost all of the areas.

6.1.5 Seagrass Beds

Based on the result of assessment, there were 10 species of seagrasses that were sited in the sampling sites. These are Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H. uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila minor, H. ovalis, H. spinolosa, Thalassia hemprichii, and Enhalus acoroides.

Growing on the seagrass beds are 21 species of seaweeds. Nine species belong to the brown algae (Phyophyta), 7 species are green algae (Chlorophyta) and 5 species belong to red alage (Rhodophyta). The two most dominant species during the survey are Actinotrichia fragilis (red algae), and Padina minor (brown algae).

6.2 COASTAL AREA OF TLRB

The coastal areas within the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin are situated in the barangays of Taba in Carmen and Libuganon and Busaon in Tagum City, as shown in Figure 6.2-1.

The coastline length of the municipalities of Carmen and Tagum is approximately 0.85 kilometer and 7.92 kilometers, respectively (refer to Table 6.2-1).

Table 6.2- 1 Coastal Barangays within the TLRB

Coastline Municipality Barangay Length (Kilometers) Carmen Taba 0.85 Libuganon 7.39 Tagum Busaon 0.53 TOTAL 8.77 Source: GIS Map

Main Report Chapter 6-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 6.2-1 Coastal Barangays of TRLB

Main Report Chapter 6-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

6.3 AQUATIC RESOURCES

6.3.1. Mangrove, Seagrass, and Coral Reef

The coastal areas of Tagum and Carmen host mangroves, seagrass, and coral reef communities. The estimated area for mangrove is at 208.56 hectares, 28.50 hectare for seagrass and 112 hectares for the coral reefs.

In 2012, the municipality of Carmen has implemented mangrove reforestation in 5 hectares along its coastal barangay. It can also be noted that there is a natural mangrove park that has to be developed in this municipality. On the other hand, Tagum City is also active in rehabilitating their mangrove areas. As of May 2014, the total area rehabilitated is 59 hectares with 88% survival rate. Two kinds of mangrove species are planted into the rehabilitated areas namely: Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizopora mucronata. Moreover, there is a developed natural/man-made marine protected area that can be found in the coastal waters of this city.

6.3.2 Marine Protected Area (MPA) and Libuganon Fish Sanctuary

Figure 6.3-1 shows the municipal waters of Carmen and Tagum City. Based on National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA), the area is approximately 500.00 ha. The location of the MPA and fish sanctuary is also shown on the map.

The City of Tagum has declared 19.4 ha core zone of MPA along its coast in Brgy. Libuganon, which is approximately 1.3 km away from the shoreline. Its coral reef area is about 1.075 ha. The City Environmental and Natural Resources of Office (CENRO) conducted coastal resource management through fabrication and installation of Artificial Coral Reef (ACR) modules, underwater assessment and MPA mapping in March 2014.

Based on the result of the underwater assessment, coral reef in the MPA falls to category 2, which indicates fair condition with 23% live coral cover. In terms of fish assessment, the result falls to moderate category, which means a total of 1,411 individual/1,000 m2 were observed. There is a presence of indicator reef fishes belonging to families of Chaetodontidae, Zanclidae, and Pomacanthidae signifying that the MPA is in good condition.

Moreover, the Libuganon Fish Sanctuary, which is approximately 22 ha, has also been established through Municipal Ordinance No. 249 series of 2007. Fish sanctuary is a demarcated area where it allows natural propagation of fishes. This may result to conservation of fish stock, preservation/protection of biodiversity and increase in fish production. According to BFAR-XI, this fish sanctuary is currently being managed properly.

Main Report Chapter 6-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 6.3-1 Municipal Waters of TLRB

6.4 FISHERIES

Fish production usually comes into two sources: from aquaculture production and from municipal waters. The aquaculture profile both from brackish and freshwater resources is around 1,645.6 hectares for the eight (8) municipalities and two (2) cities within the TLRB as presented in Table 6.4-1. Fish cultivated on brackish water includes bangus, shrimps, crabs and other fish species. On the other hand, fishes like tilapia and catfish are commonly raised on inland fishponds.

Table 6.4-1 Aquaculture Profile of Davao del Norte, 2012

Fishpond Category (Hectares) Municipality/City Brackish Inland Total Asuncion - 6.9 6.9 BE Dujali - 171.0 171.0 Carmen 90.0 71.0 161.0 Kapalong - 5.0 5.0 New Corella - 4.1 4.1 Panabo City 197.5 120.0 317.5

Main Report Chapter 6-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Sto. Tomas - 20.1 20.1 Tagum City 946.30 - 946.3 Talaingod - 6.5 6.5 San Isidro - 7.2 7.2 Total 1,233.8 411.8 1,645.6

Source: PAGRO- Fisheries Division, Davao del Norte

6.5 ANNUAL BIRD COUNT

In proximity to the boundary of TLRB in the municipality of Carmen lies Barangay La Paz, a temporary habitat for migratory bird species during the winter months in other country. The Asian Waterfowl Census (AWC) is an annual event conducted during the second and third week of January. These waterbird species fly in search for warmer climate and feed on marine animals and plants along the shores.

Figure 6.5-1 shows the 4-year monitoring from 2011-2014 in La Paz, Carmen, which is around 970 ha/km. In 2014, the total count of migratory birds is recorded with only 530 individuals. According to the Survey Team, the weather is not good during the time of the bird count activity which could have affected the result.

To name a few, the bird species are composed of Little Egret, Grey Plover, Pacific Golden Plover, Osprey, and Mongolian Plover. There are also sightings of Philippine Duck, an endemic species and other resident birds (e.g Java Pond Heron).

4,000 3,566 3,500 3,074 3,000 2,769 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 530 500 0 2011 2012 2013 2014

Figure 6.5-1 Annual Migratory Bird Count

Main Report Chapter 6-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

6.6 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

6.6.1 Issues and Problems

A Stakeholders Analytical and Planning were conducted on February 27, 2014 at Raj Hotel Tagum City and March 27, 2014 at DENR-PENRO Conference Hall, Tagum City to identify problems and issues relative to coastal resources management. The workshops were participated by various Tribal Leaders, IAs, Local Government Units, Government Offices such as DENR, NCIP, DOH, NIA, MWSS, PNP, AFP, DepEd, DA, DAR, BFAR, Non Government Organizations and Water Districts.

Among the problems and issues identified was illegal fishing, poaching/fishing within city/municipal waters, high siltation rate, low coastal productivity and lack of updated data on coastal resources.

6.6.2 Stakeholders Objective and Alternative Strategies

Table 6.6-1 shows the objectives and strategies that were the concerted output of the stakeholders to address the identified problems and issues stated above.

Table 6.6-1 Objective and Alternative Strategies

Stakeholders Participatory Planning Alternative Strategies Matrix (Alternative Analysis) Objectives • Update the current status of coastal • Conduct underwater survey for coral resources reefs and other marine species • Conduct National Stock Assessment Program to determine Current Status of Fish Stocks • To stop illegal fishing and poaching • Enforcement of applicable laws on activities illegal fishing • Coordination with law enforcement Agencies • Strengthen the Bantay-Dagat • To mitigate siltation in the coastal areas • Enforcement of applicable laws on illegal fishing • Mangrove reforestation • To increase coastal productivity • Strengthen the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council at the LGU level • Implement closed season for commercial fishing vessel (June-August)

The implementation of the strategies recommended by the stakeholders aim to alleviate the capability of fishermen to generate more sustainable income. The strategies presented above also intend to determine the current status of the coastal resources in Davao Gulf in order to formulate an effective management plan for the area. In the next 15 years, Davao Gulf will provide a higher yield to coastal communities.

Main Report Chapter 6-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

6.7 PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

The projects and programs listed in Table 6.7-1 were derived from the identified strategies by the stakeholders and from the initiative of the national and local government units.

Table 6.7-1 Projects and Programs and their Corresponding Objectives

Projects and Programs Objectives • To conserve forests in the coastal areas of the basin 1. Mangrove Rehabilitation/ • Enhancement under the To mitigate siltation in the coastal areas • Philippine Aquasilviculture To provide spawning ground to aquatic organisms Program in Carmen and Tagum • To increase the CO2 absorption capacity of the basin City areas (on-going) areas • To provide update on the current status of coastal 2. Coastal Resources Assessment resources • To recommend proper management of the coastal resources 3. Alternative Livelihood Program • To increase coastal productivity for Fishermen during the Closed • To conserve the coastal resources Season for Commercial Fishing Vessel 4. Parcellary Survey • To determine property ownership, boundary and land titles • To determine the titled properties which are now part of the sea 5. Topographic Survey • To determine the ground profile of the coastal barangays • To develop a collective information base on the 6. Database Development Program coastal and aquatic resources • To provide a data accessible to other entities for their research/study • To promote public awareness on the existing coastal 7. Environmental Awareness and aquatic resources Program • To protect the coastal and aquatic resources through the vigilance of the communities

Main Report Chapter 6-9

Chapter 7 Irrigation Management and

Development Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 7 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The TLRB is classified by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as one of the major river basin in the country. This river basin catches huge amount of water at an average of 21% of rainfall that turns to surface runoff and drains into rivers (refer to Figure 7.1-1). It is equivalent to 51.72 m3/s of water which is comparable to the amount of water used as water supply of Metro Manila. The amount of river water hasa potential for hydropower generation and irrigation purposes. It is considered to play a vital role in supporting irrigation water for agriculture and requirement for rehabilitation.

Figure 7.1-1 Amount of Rainfall converted to Surface Water

In a given year, surface runoff is much higher during the months of February, March and September. Precipitation determines runoff, where the latter is low if less precipitation occurs and the same situation on the reversal conditions.

7.2 IRRIGATION SYSTEM

The major irrigation systems (irrigated area of 500 hectares and above) in TLRB are used to supply water for banana plantation, rice field, and other crops. The type of diversion or dam structure is Ogee weirs. This structural type comprises a control weir which is ogee S-shaped. Example of these irrigation dams are illustrated in Photos 7.2-1 to 7.2-3.

Main Report Chapter 7-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Photo 7.2-1 Kipaliko Dam

Main Report Chapter 7-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Photo 7.2-2 Libuganon RIS Dam

Main Report Chapter 7-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Photo 7.2-3 Saug Dam

Major irrigation dams in TLRB are Kipaliko, Libuganon Right and Left, SaugRIS, and the Communal Irrigation Systems.

Main Report Chapter 7-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

7.3 IRRIGATION PROJECTS

The irrigation projects in TLRB are primarily under the responsibility of National Irrigation Administration Region XI in close coordination with the Local Government Units and other National Government Agencies. The particular projects implemented are the following:

1. Small Irrigation Projects (SIP) 2. Rehabilitation/Restoration of Existing Irrigation Systems (RREIS) 3. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) 4. Construction/Repair/Rehab of Existing National Irrigation System (CRRENIS) 5. Repair Establishment of Groundwater Pump Irrigation Project (REGPIP) 6. Multipurpose Paved Sections 7. Foreign Assisted Projects

Among the projects implemented by NIA, Line Projects got the highest slice of budget at an amount of 32.5millions pesos followed by Small Irrigation Projects (SIP) and Rehabilitation / Restoration of Existing Irrigation Systems (RREIS) with an allocated amount of 26.1 M and 18.3 M, respectively. Please see Figure 7.3.1.

Figure 7.3-1 Project Cost Share of Irrigation Projects of NIA

Main Report Chapter 7-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

7.4 OUTPUT OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PLANNING WORKSHOPS IN THE IRRIGATION SECTOR

During stakeholders consultations and meetings, several irrigation projects were identified and assessed. It found out that most of the projects implemented by NIA are bulked at line projects for Upper Saug and Panas irrigation projects in New Corella, Davao del Norte.

Table 7.4-1 Summary of Irrigation Projects of NIA

Estimated Cost Area (ha) Project Group (PhP Million) New Restoration Rehabilitation SIP 1219 4,859 100 188 FSDE 35 - - - RREIS 855 240 4,093 6,519 REGPIP 1 30 21 - CRRENIS 55 - 516 100 Line Projects 1,520 4,299 - - MPS 171 - - - FAP 418 - - 2,507 Others 401 1,456 626 920 TOTAL 4,674 10,884 5,356 10,234 Source: Irrigation Development Plan of Davao Region (NIA Region XI, February 2014)

Based on the projects listed on Table 7.4- 1, the projects can be categorized into three (3) such as New, Restoration and Rehabilitation projects. Among which, New projects have 41% land area covered followed by Rehabilitation project and Restoration Projects at 39% and 20% respectively. Refer to Figure 7.4-1

New Projects are introduced by NIA in order to cater the water needs of the growing population and increasing demands of crop productions. On the other hand, projects that were providing services already and up to present were maintained and rehabilitated so that it can provide a sustainable services to the Figure 7.4-1 people of the river basin while restoration Land Area Covered by Irrigation Projects was also done in order to save the of NIA possible economic value of the projects.

The Association of Irrigators during stakeholders consultations and public forum had confirmed and acknowledged the services of the NIA in uplifting their socio-economic conditions.

Main Report Chapter 7-6

Chapter 8 Flood Control/Mitigation and Hazard

Management Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 8 FLOOD CONTROL/MITIGATION AND HAZARD MANAGEMENT

8.1 NATURAL HAZARDS The Philippines is one of the countries in the East-Asia Region that is most severely damaged by natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, high tides, drought, earthquakes, etc. The El Niño phenomenon, which is associated with extreme climate variability, poses a tremendous challenge. The prolonged dry spell affects different sectors, such as agriculture, domestic water supply, health, environment and energy. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), formerly National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC), nationwide report in April 2010 pointed out that due to El Niño, damage to agriculture has reached almost Php 11 billion. The TLRB from time to time is subject to extensive changes as evident on the recent flooding during monsoon season. The inundation of Tagum River and its tributaries have caused great loss of lives and property and substantial losses to the local and national economies. One of the apprehensions of the people during rainy season or typhoon are those associated with the occurrence of floods brought about by typhoons that passes the area. The inadequate discharging capacity of rivers in the downstream has caused frequent flood occurrences and extensive and prolonged inundation in some areas.

8.2 FLOOD FREQUENCY

The annual peak discharges at the TLRB were subjected to frequency analysis assuming a Gumbel distribution. The monthly maximum daily runoff were extracted and drained in Tagum river outlet in Davao Gulf. Using hydrologic frequency analysis, the resulting flood frequency curve and the results of the flood frequency analysis are shown in Figure 8.2-1.

Figure 8.2-1 Flood Frequency Analysis Curve for in TLRB

Main Report Chapter 8-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

A rainfall of 256 mm/day yielded a discharge of 6,569 m3/day. Using the generated frequency curve, the corresponding estimate of maximum flood against specific return period is in Table 8.2-1.

Table 8.2-1 Maximum Flood discharge per Return Period

Return Period Flood Discharge (years) (m3/day) 100 9,498 50 8,449 25 7,391 10 5,966 5 4,838 Source: DENR-XI, 2014

8.3 FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN TLRB

In TLRB, the Municipality of Asuncion has the biggest flooded area about 8,327.43 hectares followed by New Corella, Carmen and Tagum City (refer to Table 8.3-1). These affected areas are not only devoted to agricultural production but also serves as a residence for some locals which placed the residents in danger. In addition, flood inundation problem has been a main constraint in the promotion of socio-economic development and improvement of the living condition of the people in the basin. These areas more often experience flooding when the water at the Libuganon River exceeded its capacity to contain.

Table 8.3-1 TLRB Flood Prone Areas

City / Municipality Area (has.) ASUNCION 8,327.43 BRAULIO E. DUJALI 2,887.95 CARMEN 5,511.55 KAPALONG 1,876.43 LAAK 1,033.87 NEW CORELLA 6,327.14 SAN ISIDRO 745.43 STO. TOMAS 1,490.72 TAGUM CITY 3,598.97 Grand Total 31,799.50 Source : DENR-XI, GIS 2010

Main Report Chapter 8-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 8.3-1 Flood Hazard Map of TLRB

8.3.1 Barangays Vulnerable to Flood

Barangays that were mostly hit by flood are the low-lying barangays in Kapalong, Talaingod, Dujali, Carmen, Sto. Tomas, Asuncion, New Corella, San Isidro and Tagum City, all in Davao del Norte, and Laak in Compostella Valley Province as shown in Table 8.3-2.

Several factors that contribute to floods include rainfall, proximity of the area to the rivers and streams, vegetation cover, improper land use, river morphology, and presence of structures including current solid waste management practices. Waste from households, agricultural and industrial areas are not being dumped properly to its rightful place. Wastes from the households and even stalks of banana piled within banana plantations are being carried by waters to the rivers and creeks. Segregation, waste recycling, composting and other best practices on solid waste management still remains to be a challenge to DENR, LGU and other implementing agencies, despite some of LGUs in TLRB had already implemented proper segregation.

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Table 8.3-2 Barangays Vulnerable to Flood Occurrences

Province/ Barangay Area % to Total Area Municipality (Hectares) Davao del Norte 1. Asuncion Sta. Felomina 611.26 3.925 Buan 503.96 3.236 Buclad 616.23 3.957 Cambanogoy 975.63 6.265 Canatan 490.25 3.148 New Bantayan 6.35 0.0407 Concepcion 727.42 4.671 Cabaywa 630.83 4.051 Doña Andrea 12.76 0.082 Napungas 840.86 5.399 Sagayen 660.84 4.243 Sonlon 438.27 2.814 2. New Corella Sto. Niño 446.07 2.864 Sta. Cruz 1097.95 7.050 New Sambog 461.11 2.960 San Roque 932.64 5.989 Del Pilar 1133.74 7.280 Suawon 223.12 1.433 Mesaoy 1149.24 7.379 New Bohol 405.40 2.603 Cabidianan 156.15 1.003 Macgum 413.50 2.655 Mambing 86.26 0.554 Poblacion 594.93 3.820 3. San Isidro Sabangan 13.23 0.085 Igangon 105.73 0.679 4. B. Dujali Magupising 0.05 0.0003 5. Tagum City Pagsabangan 525.10 3.372 Mankilam 5.51 0.035 Cuambogan 65.51 0.420 ComVal Binasbas 40.46 0.260 1. Laak Binasbas 40.46 0.260 Amorcruz 356.96 2.292 BagongSilang 265.01 1.702 Kapatagan 581.29 3.733 Total 15,573.62 100.000 Source: Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI

8.3.2 Level of Flood on Barangays Affected

Preliminary flood survey was conducted on May 2014. A number of respondents were surveyed and provided indicative maximum flood level and assigned as flood hazard area. Also, flood incident data were gathered from Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) of Davao del Norte whereby, the said Office take noticed on the barangays where rescue operations were conducted on both partially and totally flooded areas. Please see Table 8.3-3

Main Report Chapter 8-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 8.3-3 Flood Level and Elevation by Barangay

Highest Flood Location Elevation (m) (m) Tagpopoot Creek, Florida, Kapalong 3 39 Purok 1, Florida, Kapalong 5 12 Brgy. Hall, Kapungagan, Kapalong

1 16 Kapalong Gym 2 22 Kapalong Nat’l. High School 1 23 MagatosBrgy. Hall 1 25 Municipal Gym, Magatos 1 24 Anislagan, Macgum 1 12 Buclad Day Care Ctr., Asuncion 2 7 Concepcion Elem. Sch, Asuncion 2 28 SagayenBrgy. Hall, Asuncion 1.5 13 Doña Andrea Brgy. Hall, Asuncion 1.20 31 Doña Andrea Gate, Asuncion 1 32 Sta. Felomina Dryer, Asuncion 2 4 CanatanBrgy. Hall, Asuncion 50 cm 3 Canatan Elem. Sch, Asuncion 50 cm 3 KabaywaBrgy. Hall, Asuncion 1 4 Asuncion Gym Right Side, Asuncion 50 cm 20 Asuncion Gym Left Side, Asuncion 50 cm 19 Anislagan, Macgum, Asuncion 1 12 Source: PDRRMO, DDN, 2014

Barangay Mankilam-Pagsabangan, Tagum City experienced more flooding incidences compared to other barangays considering that these barangays are very near on the junction / intersection where the Tagum-Libuganon River and Saug River from New Corella meet and joined together. The flood on these areas at extreme cases covers an area to an extent of 525.10 hectares.

On the other hand, on the other side of the river bank in Barangay Esperanza, Sto. Tomas experience higher flood levels at 3-4 meters high. During one particular high flood event on this area, only the roof of the elementary school building was visible. The government has plans to transfer the school to a higher ground on the opposite side where the dikes act as protection from flood. Excess waters from Sto. Tomas drains down to B. Dujali before it reaches to Poblacion, Carmen, Davao del Norte.

Per actual survey and assessment by the team, generally, large volumes of sediment flowing in the tributaries of TLRB are found to have originated from: a. Sheet and rill erosion from cultivated upland farms mostly located in upper watersheds;

Main Report Chapter 8-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin b. Erosion resulting from the clearing of forested areas located in steep slopes usually implementing slash and burn practices; c. Erosion from gully heads cuttings of cultivated uplands and terraces, landslides and sloughing of vertical stream bank encampments; d. Stream channel degradation; e. Stream bank erosion due to high velocity of peak flows; and f. Erosion from roads and trails.

8.4 LANDSLIDE HAZARD

The area of TLRB is categorized into High, Moderate, Low and None landslide hazard. Per DENR-XI 2013, TLRB has a high landslide hazard about 7,298.57 hectares representing 24% of the entire TLRB area whereas, the none landslide hazard is 88,118.45 hectares or 27.93% only. The latter are found on the lowlands of the river basin. These areas, although none landslide hazard, may also be prone to floods considering that waters from the uplands will go directly onto the lower areas. Please see Table 8.4-1.

8.4.1 Barangays Vulnerable to Landslide

There are a total of 10,425.02 hectares or 10.44% of the total watershed area that are classified as highly vulnerable to landslide. This comprises nine (9) municipalities with a total of thirty (32) barangays basin-wide. These include the four (4) upland barangays of Asuncion such as Sonlon, Binancian, Buan,and Camansa. Eleven barangays of New Corella are also affected such as Carcor, Suaon, Cabidianan, Del Monte, El Salvador, New Bohol, New Cortez, Patrocenio, Limbaan, Sta. Fe, and Mambing. Two barangays in San Isidro were affected by landslide namely Monte Dujali and Pinamuno, while one barangay in Kapalong is affected which is barangay Gupitan. All of which are located in Davao del Norte.

Meanwhile, barangays vulnerable to landslide in Compostela Valley Province are the nine (9) barangays in Laak while three barangays of Mawab and barangay New Sibonga in Nabunturan. About 8 barangays of Montevista are also affected and two barangays of Monkayo namely barangay Casoon and San Isidro.

Main Report Chapter 8-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 8.4-1 Landslide Hazards by City/Municipality

City/ High Moderate Low Moderate None Map Irreconcilable Total Municipality

Asuncion 789.90 2,244.66 10,328.25 2,244.66 11,006.84 14.39 24,384.04

B. Dujali 10,025.40 10,025.40

Carmen 99.51 13,137.69 13,237.20

Davao City 13,736.88 8,167.04 4,808.40 8,167.04 155.97 26,868.30 Kapalong 32,160.83 18,489.01 13,810.23 18,489.01 7,979.41 8,939.11 81,378.59 Laak 1,338.57 1,651.75 9,435.79 1,651.75 7,744.78 2,104.22 22,275.12 Loreto 2,148.78 1,432.52 2,865.04 1,432.52 716.26 7,162.60

Mawab 355.20 418.28 431.34 418.28 4.61 1,209.43

Monkayo 684.24 814.94 814.94 1,499.18

Montevista 2,947.87 9,502.04 2,201.75 9,502.04 2.19 14,653.85

Nabunturan 481.06 757.16 61.83 757.16 1.39 1,301.44

New Corella 2,870.43 4,639.78 9,137.83 4,639.78 5,976.58 22,624.62

Panabo City 171.72 2,537.85 171.72 4,941.76 7,651.33

San Isidro 345.45 194.33 6,723.01 194.33 56.17 7,956.73 15,275.70

Sto. Tomas 113.94 1,981.14 6,486.33 1,981.14 11,491.82 20,073.22

Tagum City 301.88 1,690.87 301.88 7,442.45 9,435.20 Talaingod 20,325.42 2,149.89 7,435.13 2,688.21

Main Report Chapter 8-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

3,891.55 3,891.55 36,490.20

Grand Total 78,298.57 53,826.95 71,908.42 53,826.95 87,642.85 23,868.63 315,545.42

% Dist. 24.81% 17.32% 23.06% 17.32% 27.93% 6.88% 100.00%

Source: DENR-XI, GIS 2013

Main Report Chapter 8-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 8.4-1 Landslide Hazard Map of TLRB

Per vulnerability assessment conducted by DENR-XI, the top six barangays where more than 500 hectares are affected by landslide are barangay Camansa in Asuncion with 1,308.70 hectares or 12.55%, followed by barangay Buan and Binancian, also in Asuncion with 965.79 hectares or 9.26% and 956.93 hectares or 9.18% respectively. This is followed by barangay Naga in Laak with 582.06 hectares or 5.558%; Longanapan, Laak with 566.70 hectares or 5.44% and barangay Kilagding, Laak with 535.72 hectares or 5.14% of the total highly vulnerable areas. Refer to Table 8.4-2 below.

Table 8.4-2 Barangays highly vulnerable to landslide occurrence

Province / % to Total Barangay Area (has.) Municipality Area Davao del Norte Asuncion Sonlon 218.48 2.096 Binancian 956.93 9.180 Buan 965.69 9.260 Camansa 1,308.70 12.550 New Corella Carcor 0.88 0.008 Suaon 15.73 0.151 Cabidianan 330.28 3.168 Del Monte 168.44 1.616

Main Report Chapter 8-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

El Salvador 87.25 0.840 New Bohol 21.72 0.208 New Cortez 322.22 3.091 Patrocenio 88.89 0.853 Limbaan 156.78 1.504 Sta. Fe 116.50 1.118 Mambing 329.37 3.160 San Isidro Monte Dujali 411.51 3.947 Pinamuno 202.91 1.946 Kapalong Gupitan 0.33 0.003 ComVal Laak Kapatagan 26.66 0.256 Kaligutan 211.39 2.028 Naga 582.06 5.583 Ampawid 9.95 0.095 San Antonio 153.27 1.470 Longanapan 566.70 5.440 Kidawa 299.21 2.870 Kilagding 535.72 5.139 Langtud 37.64 0.360 Nabunturan New Sibonga 151.57 1.454 Mawab Tigabok 6.32 0.061 Tuboran 112.58 1.079 Salvacion 170.59 1.636 Montevista 1,734.06 16.634 Monkayo 124.70 1.196 Total 10,425.02 100.00 Source: Vulnerability Assessment, ERBD-ERDS XI

This means that residents have to wary on the situation because at any day or anytime, their lives and properties would be at risk. On the other hand, any proposed infrastructures on these areas have to be carefully studied on or before it will be constructed thereon; otherwise, it would mean a waste of money, time and effort and even endangering the lives of the workers.

8.5 CHALLENGES The challenges faced by the basin, which led in the formulation of vision and mission are as follows:

1. A step closer of the desire to harmonize and sustainably maximize the multiple uses of the Tagum-Libuganon River as identified in Regional Physical Framework Plan;

2. Implementation requires a deeper commitment in the integrity of environment while allowing the development of the river and its environs as envision by one of the stakeholders;

3. There are instances where floods inundate an area while in some instances, there is scarcity of water. It is necessary for an appropriate management of water resources to make it available at the right time and place;

4. Coordinated planning is one of the factors in the proper utilization of water resources, and one of the identified needs is adequate data, such as hydrometeorology information for climate change studies;

Main Report Chapter 8-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

5. Substantial funds for research and development to develop more drought resistant crop varieties, livestock animals and fish species;

6. Policies, strategies, institutional frameworks and financing are important for an integrated process;

7. Information, Education, and Communication are necessary for climate change adaptation strategies;

8. The disaster brought about by El Nino and La Nina needs the highest degree of cooperation and coordination among stakeholders to plan and develop strategies to minimize their impacts;

9. Structural and non-structural measures are needed for climate change adaptation; and

10. Consideration of disaster risk reduction and management on saving lives and properties.

8.6 INTERVENTION MEASURES

8.6.1 Urgent Measures

1) Structural Measures

• Bank Protection in identified critical high erosion rate areas in the TLRB. • Provision of cut-off channel. • Construction of embankment dike on specified locations. • Bridge River wall slope • Silt retention and run-off the river dams can also be found in TLRB.

Table 8.6-1 Structural Intervention Projects in TLRB

COST(Php '000) PARTICULARS Regular/ Proposed/ Existing/ On- Additional going Program I. DAVAO DEL NORTE a. Tagum City - Construction of Tagum-Ising Drainage 50,600 20,000 L=2,927.19 m - Construction of Tagum-Conocotan Drainage (LS) 50,579 - L=3920.60 m - Construction of Drainage along Diversion Road 20,000 20,000 Brgy. San Miguel, L=1,830 m - Improvement of drainage Magdum Section at 20,000 20,000 Daang Maharlika, Tagum - Improvement of Drainage Conocotan Section 20,000 - Daang Maharlika, Tagum

Main Report Chapter 8-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

- Construction of Drainage Tagum City 50,000 - Construction of Drainage San Isidro Creek Section 20,000 - Construction of revetment of Hijo River at R/S 30,000 downstream of the bridge and desilting works - Channelization of Upstream of the bridge 30,000 Improvement/Revetment

b. Sto. Tomas - Construction of Drainage Lined Canal with Cover 30,000 -

c. Kapalong - Construction of Drainage at Brgy Maniki 30,000 30,000 L=2,200 m - Rehabilitation of Libuganon River 20,000 - at Maniki Jumbo Bridge Downstream - Revetment Construction (Upstream / Downstream) 30,000 - - Improvement/Construction of Drainage System 30,000 -

d. Carmen - Improvement of Tuganay River 20,000 - - Improvement of Drainage, Carmen-Sto. Nino - 20,000 Section, Daang Maharlika - Improvement of New Camiling Bank Protection 20,000 - Revetment along Carmen-Dapecol Compound Rd. - Mangalcal Bank Protection along Carmen-Dapecol 10,000 - Cmpd. Road Construction - Improvement of existing city Drainage system 20,000 - - Desilting of Tuganay River flood Control Project 50,000 -

e. San Isidro 40,000

f. Asunsion - Construction of Revetment of Saug Flood Control - at Brgy Cambanogoy 26,000 - at Brgy Buclad 35,000 - Improvement of Saug River Flood Control 20,000 -

g. Panabo City - Improvement of Panabo Drainage Salvacion Section along Daang Maharlika 20,000 - - Lasang River Improvement (Downstream/Upsteam) 20,000 - at Lasang Bridge; Revetment - Construction of Drainage Lined Canal with Cover 30,000 -

Main Report Chapter 8-12 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

h. New Corella 40,000 i. Braulio Dujali 40,000 j. Talaingod 40,000 Sub-Total 592,179 380,000

II. COMPOSTELA PROVINCE a. Nabunturan 20,000 b. Monkayo 20,000 c. Laak 20,000 d. Montevista 20,000 Sub-Total

III. AGUSAN DEL SUR a. Loreto 20,000 Sub-Total

IV. SPECIAL PROJECT BY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

(DPWH) IMPROVEMENT PLAN OF TUGANAY RIVER BASIN a, Tuganay River - River Channel Improvement 302,544 - Retarding Basin 196,935 - Sodding 43,244 - Revetment 54,950 - Bridge & foot protection 214,536 Sub-Total 812,209

b. Anibongan River - River Channel Improvement 151,272 - Retarding Basin 58,825 - Sodding 12,917 - Revetment 34,598 - Bridge & foot protection 135,078 - Gate 286,000 Sub-Total 678,690

c. Ising River - River Channel Improvement 203,888 - Revetment 12,211 - Bridge & foot protection 47,675 Sub-Total 263,774

Preparatory Works 263,201 ROW 25,067 Physical Contingencies 242,634

Main Report Chapter 8-13 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Management Cost 60,536 GESA 322,860 Sub-Total 914,298 TOTAL PROJECT COST 592,179 3,148,972

GRAND TOTAL PROJECT COST 3,741,151

2) Non-Structural Measures

• Improvement of flood warning and flood forecasting system • Improvement of the capabilities of local disaster councils on disaster mitigation • Identification and assessment of areas prone to flood, landslide and other geological hazards • Updating/formulation of geo-hazard/flood prone map at the provincial and municipal levels • Mapping and feasibility studies of groundwater utilization for domestic and industrial use • Desilting of waterways and irrigation canals • Agricultural intensification, diversification and extension

8.6.2 Short Term Measures

1) NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES

• Operation and maintenance of hydrometeorological stations • Formation/Organization/Capacity building of People’s Organizations (PO’s) for irrigation and water management • Agricultural intensification, diversification and extension

8.6.3 Long Term Measures

1) STRUCTURAL MEASURES

• Maintenance works • Continue construction of SWIP and silt retention dams • Operation of hydrometeorological stations

2) NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES

• Establishment and maintenance of tree zones along riverbank buffer areas • Operation of Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Authority • Agricultural intensification, diversification and extension

The cost of the listed measures, both structural and non-structural interventions, are indicated in Table 8.6-2.

Main Report Chapter 8-14 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 8.6-2 Indicative Summary Project Costs

COST REQUIREMENT (million pesos) INTERVENTION / MEASURE Urgent Short Term Long Term Total Structural Flood Protection 3,741.151 - - 3,741.151 Irrigation - 505.371 - 505.371 Water Supply - 122.204 - 122.204 Sub-total 3,741.151 627.575 - 4,368.726 Non-Structural Hydrometeorology Stations 85.000 - - 85.000 Research and Development - - - - Institutional Development - - - - Sub-Total - - - - Total 3,826.151 627.575 0 4,453.726

The basin’s structural and non-structural measures to mitigate the extent of flooding and its damages to agriculture and infrastructure, as well as to optimize water resources development, spread in a span of 15 years would cost Php 4,453.726 million. Structural measures which include the construction of silt retention dams, riverbank protection works, and other infrastructures would cost a total of Php 4,368.726 million. On the other hand, non-structural measures such as hydrometeorological forecasting, flood warning systems, feasibility studies, institutional development, research, development and extension, advocacy, and public awareness would require a total of Php 85.000 million.

8.7 PROPOSED WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMS/PROJECTS

8.7.1 Structural Intervention

1) Protection of Urban and Agricultural areas and Infrastructures from Erosion and Inundation

• This will involve the stabilization of river banks that are prone to erosion and are near residential areas, agricultural areas and infrastructure facilities

2) Regulation of flood water Inflow from Tributaries

• Flood waters from tributaries contribute to the rising level of the Tuganay, Saug and Libuganon Rivers.

• To regulate/retard water inflow from tributaries to the main river by retarding first the run-offs at the respective upstream flood plains

3) Enhancement of Flood Water Flow at the Tuganay-Saug-Libuganon Rivers

• A notable feature of the TLRB rivers is the flood overflows the banks resulting in inland floodings of the flatter topography of the middle and lowland areas.

• River channel improvement (widening, desilting /cleaning) and bank protection (revetment and dike) are the immediate and priority solution.

Main Report Chapter 8-15 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

4) Improvement of Existing Irrigation Facilities and Construction of New Systems Including Use of Groundwater for Irrigation Development

• There is a need to increase irrigation efficiency of existing system through repair, maintenance and institutional development and to construct new irrigation project to all irrigable areas

5) Introduction of Water Saving Technologies for Crop Production through the Use of Drought Tolerant Crops

• Innovative approaches include use of aerobic rice technologies, alternate wetting and drying to reduce present consumption rate of irrigated rice production system.

6) Establishment of Support Facilities such as Construction and Improvement of Farm-to-Market Roads, Post-harvest Facilities, Credit, Subsidies to Farmers, Crop Insurance

7) Agricultural Intensification and Diversification

8) Introduction of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in agricultural Areas

8.7.2 Non-Structural Intervention

1) Promotion of Basin-wide approach in the Planning and Implementation of Watershed Management, Water Resource Development and Flood Control Works

• The DENR should continue to advocate and support initiatives for the realization of an integrated and basin wide approach in planning and project programming in the TLRB Office and its watershed area including activities such as:

• Intra and inter-regional collaboration and complementation on watershed management;

• Integrated Water Resources Development that shall treat the TLRB as protection and a production resource; and

• Creation of a River Basin Authority to oversee the management and development of the TLRB project.

2) Strict Implementation of Water Rights policies and Environmental Laws

• Efforts will be focused in the observance and implementation of water rights policies and environmental laws to ensure river area protection and environmental integrity in the entire basin.

• Monitoring of developmental activities to include rehabilitation and protection of degraded areas in the valley shall be institutionalized at the different levels of governance in the region

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3) Strengthening of Disaster Risk Management Capability/System

• The different Disaster Coordinating Councils (Regional, Provincial, City/Municipal) shall be strengthened for a more equipped, capable and responsive teams.

• The DCC’s shall be upgraded in terms of facility, mobility, capability and preparedness.

• Flood monitoring, forecasting and warning systems shall be improved for a more efficient coordination and effective information dessimination.

4) Conduct of Cross cutting R&D Program on Water Resources Management

• An R&D program is need on a river basin approach in providing state-of-the- art science and technology-based solutions for climate change adaptation and disaster risk management focusing on the use of advances in computer technology, particularly geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing and decision-support systems (DSS), to improve the basis for decision making in river basin operation and management.

5) Improvement of IEC for Advocacy and Public Awareness

8.8 FUND SOURCING

Effort shall be pursued to hasten the implementation of identified programs and projects in the TLRB Master Plan. The source of financing for identified projects will be done by concerned agencies with the assistance of the TLRB Council and Regional Development Council. Among the potential fund sources to be tapped includes National Government, Local Governments and the private sector.

8.9 FINANCING AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME Critical Projects for Immediate Funding by the National Government agencies include:

• Hydrometeorology Stations • Research and Development • Bank/flood protection works

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Chapter 9 Geological Investigation Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 9 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

9.1. GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND DRAINAGE

The project site is located in several low-lying towns of Davao del Norte, which is within the relatively vast plain known as Tagum-Libuganon River Basin. This river basin is in turn part of the vast Agusan Valley which is hedged between two structural north-south trending mountain ranges, the Diwata on the east, and the Mindanao Central Cordillera on the west. This valley measures 180 km from north to south and varies from 32 to 48 km in width.

However, there is a presence of a divide 56 km north of Davao Gulf near the boundary between Agusan Sur and Davao del Norte which well under 200 m elevation that separates the generally north-flowing rivers from those of the south-bound ones such as Saug River. The latter is what in fact comprises the Davao Lowlands.

Saug River, which is a tributary of Libuganon River, initially flows southward from its watershed around Mt. Olagusan and Maragusan divide. The smaller river generally flows southwestward up to Brgy. Sagayon, New Corella, wherefrom it generally southward until it joins Libuganon River at Limban, Asuncion. On the other hand, the main and much bigger Libuganon River originates from the Mindanao Central Cordillera. The conjoined river now becomes Tagum River which flows southward some more until it disgorges its silty load onto Davao Gulf, north of Samal Island.

9.2 REGIONAL/GENERAL GEOLOGY

The province of Davao del Norte lies on the central-eastern part of Mindanao Island. Three major physiographic features characterize the province. It is basically a basin bounded by two cordilleras. The basin lies in the central part and is the southern extension of the Davao-Agusan trough – a north-south trending elongated trough largely composed of alluvium. On the west is a group of north-south trending mountain ranges, which is part of the Mindanao Central Cordillera. Southeast of the province is the extension of the Pacific Cordillera that tapers to Pujada Peninsula.

The project site is part of Davao Lowlands which is in turn part of -Davao Subprovince and ultimately that of Eastern Physiographic Province. This Physiographic Province is a belt limited on the east by the Philippine Trench and its northern extension, the East Luzon Trench. On the west, it is bounded by the western limits of mountain ranges including Sierra Madre, Western Bicol Range, Samar Highlands, and Diwata Range. The belt is divided into three subprovinces, namely: Northern Sierra Madre, Bicol, and Samar-Davao.

The Samar-Davao Subprovince comprises Samar Island, Diwata Range and the island groups in between. Eastward from these land features, the submarine shelf slopes abruptly into the Philippine Trench.

The area around the project site shows imprints of being practically at the vicinity of the longest geologic structure that longitudinally cuts the country into half – the Philippine Rift Zone or Fault. There is another major splay that emanates from its starting point at Mati, Davao Oriental and runs northwest almost normal to the general direction of Libuganon River. These two geologic structures practically explain the behavior of landforms and drainage lines around the project site which are generally oriented along

Main Report Chapter 9-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin north-south and northwest-southeast directions. This structural pattern is reflected by the abrupt range fronts of the Pacific Cordillera bordering the Davao-Agusan trough and the northerly aligned mountain ranges.

The fault zone is composed of closely spaced interweaving left lateral faults; whereas the fold structure that is prominent in the eastern part among the sedimentary rocks show fold axes that are oriented parallel to the trend of the major fault. Figure 9.2-1 shows the type of rocks and the location of major faults within and around the study area.

9.3 MINERAL RESOURCES

TLRB is not in the mold of Compostela Valley Province which is renowned as a gold mining district. After all, Compostela Valley Province has been host to mineralization of its parent rocks mainly due to the intrusion of solution-and-gas bearing intrusive or igneous bodies or plutons such as diorite. The intrusion and mineralization is fully aided by the fact that the province is highly faulted and is in fact dissected by several north- south splays of the Philippine Fault. These breaks in the rocks are where the mineralizing solutions entered and are responsible for turning the same into mineralized lodes.

TLRB is also wrought with at least three splays of the Philippine Fault. The only difference is that no bedrock had been crossed by the said geologic structures and if there are, these bedrocks are mostly buried deep by river deposits. In any case, no solution bearing diorite intrusions are found within the basin; hence, no mineralizations of the host rocks were recognized no mineral resources can be extracted.

9.3.1 Minerals in TLRB

Forestlands in TLRB have many mineral deposits than in A&D areas the latter have no deposits of cretaceous – paleogene and oligocene – miocene compared to the former. The most abundant deposits of minerals in the river basin whichh can be found in the forestland are pliocene – pleistocene and undifferential igneous rocks covering a large areas of 44,360.05 hectares and 40,144.95 hectares, respectively. Please see table below

Table 9.3-1 Mineral Rocks in TLRB

Types of Mineral Rocks A&D Forestland Total CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE - 8,095.17 8,095.17 OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE - 379.02 379.02 OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE (SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS) 79.40 4,812.75 4,892.15 PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE 62,078.80 44,360.05 106,438.85 RECENT 73,345.35 129.17 73,474.52 UNDIFFERENTIATED (IGNEOUS ROCKS) - 40,144.95 40,144.95 UPPER MIOCENE-PLIOCENE (SEDIMENTARY & ROCKS) 11,086.17 71,041.39 82,127.56 Grand Total 146,589.72 168,962.50 315,552.22 Source: DENRXI, 2013

Main Report Chapter 9-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Source: DENR-MGB, Lands and Geological Survey Division

Figure 9.3-1 Types of Rocks and Location of Faults within and around TLRB

Main Report Chapter 9-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Main Report Chapter 9-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

The only extractable mineral’ resource within the Tagum-Libuganon river basin is sand and gravel for use as concrete aggregates or, if less desirable, as base course fillings for road concreting. However, there are only two known localities within the basin which are considered as plausible quarry areas for concrete aggregates. One is along the Kipaliko River at the vicinity of the existing dam along the west flank of the basin. The other is a tributary of Saug River whose watershed upstream located along the extension of the Pacific Cordillera have andesite and dacite bedrocks that break down, gets transported and deposited as alluvium downstream at the vicinity of its confluence with Saug River.

Elsewhere along the basin, most of the bedrocks are underlain by soft sedimentary formations that cannot possibly break down suitably into dense and hard gravel, only into deleterious clay-silt-sand combinations not even suitable for use as sand binder.

A stratigraphy of Davao Lowlands arranged from youngest to oldest is hereby presented in Table 9.3-2 as reference.

Table 9.3-2 Stratigraphy of Davao Lowlands

Geologic Age Formation Alluvium Quaternary Tigatto Terrace Gravel Samal Reef Limestone Late Pleistocene Apo Volcanics Early Pleistocene Mandog Formation Late Pliocene Masuhi Formation Middle Pliocene Upian Formation Early Pliocene to Late Miocene Kabagtican Formation Andesite Porphyries Late to Early Miocene Quartz Diorite Limestone and Clastics Basaltic Flows Oligocene (Unconformity) Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone, w/ Eocene minor volcanic flows Cretaceous to Jurassic Volcanic and Sedimentary rocks Triassic (Unconformity) Permian Amphibolite Schist

Quaternary Alluvium and terrace gravel are the loose detrital deposits that cover the coastal plains, along river channels and mouths of big river systems. These consist of unconsolidated mud, silt, sand and gravel derived from older rocks.

Kabagtican Formation was named for the interbedded sandstone and shale exposed near the confluence of upper Davao River and Kabagtican Creek in northwestern Davao del Sur. The sandstone is buff to brown and light to dark gray and very calcareous. The shale is light to dark gray and carbonaceous. Also described is a massive blue gray to buff tuffaceous claystone with a basal conglomerate and an upper limestone unit along Paquibato Creek and Kipaliku River. It was dated as Miocene to Pliocene and attains a thickness of at least 300 m.

Main Report Chapter 9-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Andesite Porphyries are mostly dikes that intrude the quartz diorite and volcanic rocks and rarely, the lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks in Davao Lowland. These are mainly the Engineering and Peanut Brittle andesite porphyries along Tagbarus and Malumon Creeks and Masara River and road cuts and along Hijo-Zigzag-Tapan Fault Zone. The rocks here consist mostly of peanut size phenocrysts of andesine and hornblendes that are commonly zoned, glomerophenocrystic, devitrified and microcrystalline.

Quartz Diorite also occur as small intrusive bodies and dikes within a truncated core of a broad southwest plunging anticline in the Masara Mines area in Mabini, formerly a municipality of Davao del Norte, but now part of Compostela Valley Province. The rock is fine to medium grained, porphyritic and consists essentially of andesine, hornblende and quartz. The partial recrystallization of the Miocene limestone resulting from the diorite intrusion and the presence of iron mineralization related to the intrusion favor a Miocene age for said intrusive rock. Closely associated with the fine-grained rock are small, light- colored aplitic dikes.

Limestone with Clastics and Basaltic Flows were lumped together as representing Early to early Middle Miocene age. The rocks are found cropping in an arcuate belt from Tagbarus to Marasugan in the Masara area in Compostela Valley. Thin beds of shale, sandstone and conglomerate occur with the limestone and these are intercalated with basaltic flows.

Eocene to Paleocene Rocks consisting of basal conglomerate, clastics, with few lenses of limestone intercalated with minor volcanic flows and tuffs unconformably overlie pre- Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary volcanic and sedimentary rocks. They cover most of the southwest and northwestern parts of the area.

Amphibolites Schists represent the metamorphic or basement rocks of Davao Lowlands together with serpentinite and serpentinized ultramafics which comprise a major part. In Masara Mines in Mabini, Compostela Valley, crushed metamorphic rocks consisting mainly of albite-epidote amphibolites schist occur along a major fault. The original rocks were basic, probably basaltic, before these were subjected to regional metamorphism. Subsequent dynamic movements produced the cataclastic effects in the rocks.

9.4 STRUCTURE AND SEISMICITY

The Philippine Mobile Belt is considered as an integral part of the “Circum Pacific Belt” of Gutenberg and Richter. It is further subdivided into four blocks, each of which is separated by a zone of deep shearing, and manifested on the surface by linear zones of depressions and abrupt topographic discontinuities. The Saug project site including the nearby Philippine Fault belongs to this mobile belt.

The Philippine Fault is a 1200 km system of faults that practically transcends the length of the Philippine Archipelago. This sinistral or left lateral strike slip fault passes through eastern Mindanao Island and cuts through the provinces of , Agusan Norte, Agusan Sur, Davao del Norte and Davao Oriental. The fault passes east very proximate to the project site (see Figure 9.4-1), explaining why the same is within a seismically active zone.

The Agusan-Davao Basin is a manifestation of the main fault’s extensional character. There are at least three (3) faults that can cause damage on the project site in the event of a strong earthquake, namely: 1) the Philippine Fault, located about 2.8 km to the east of the proposed high dam and 4km to that of the diversion dam; 2) the Makgum Thrust Fault, located approximately 3.6 km to the northwest and 2.5 km to the east of the

Main Report Chapter 9-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin diversion structure; and, 3) the Saug Fault, a synthetic extensional fault near Brgy. Buan, considered to be part of the Philippine Fault Zone and is located about 2.1km to the northeast of the high dam and 4 km to that of the diversion dam. The fault of greatest concern at the project site is the Saug segment of the Philippine Fault because it is the most active.

There is another fault located farther to the west, about 25 km from the proposed diversion dam, the so-called the Mindanao Fault which coincides to the southeast flow of Libuganon River, but which is believed to be less active than the three abovementioned faults.

Based on the records of Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), there are 142 earthquakes with magnitude 5 and above whose epicenters are found within 100 km of the project area. Nineteen (19) of these are >6.0 magnitude, while five (5) are >7.0 magnitude. The most recent, notably devastating of these earthquake occurred on May 17, 1992 when a magnitude 7.3 with epicenter near the vicinity of the Philippine Deep, possibly wrecked destruction on houses and other properties within the three Davao provinces as well as across Samar Island. Four other tremors with magnitudes ranging from 7.2 to 7.6 and whose epicenters were pinpointed between the Philippine Fault and Philippine Deep happened between July 12, 1911 and August 30, 1924. The calibration and recording of these earthquakes still leave much to be desired at the time such that their reliability is also suspect.

All the same, all of these tectonic events are as usual the effect of the continuous readjustments of rocks or plates deep beneath the earth’s crust ranging in distance from <65 to >300kms primarily caused by the ‘annual’ subduction of the Pacific Plate against the China Plate where the Philippines rests.

9.5 SEISMIC IMPLICATIONS

The above discussions on the seismicity tend to portray the project area to be within normal range of seismic activity comparable to most areas in the country. The computed seismic acceleration of 220 gals appears to be comparatively average.

However, there had been so much heat generated by recent studies mostly predicting, if not prophesying, a cataclysmic occurrence should a high dam be constructed on the river basin. It is indeed true that the proposed high dam is within 3.5 km of the main Philippine Fault, and 20 km away from its splay, the Mindanao Fault which runs northwest-southeast normal to the course of the Libuganon River. But based on earthquake records and map from PHIVOLCS, the Philippine Fault stretch along Davao shows less activity when compared with the Philippine Trench east of Eastern Mindanao and, due to this, it may even be contended that the former may be much too overrated as a tremor generating structure.

Still, there may be truth to the apprehension that the Davao stretch is slowly storing seismic energy and honing up for a big earthquake that may happen sooner than later. Due to this, it may be better to err on the side of caution and go along with the recommendation not to pursue the idea of studying and constructing a high dam on the river basin.

Main Report Chapter 9-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Source: PHIVOLCS

Figure 9.4-1 Seismicity Map of Davao del Norte, Magnitude 5.0 and above (1907-2011)

Main Report Chapter 9-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

9.6 SITE GEOLOGY

Based on Mines and Geosciences Bureau’s (MGB) Geologic Map of the Philippines, the TLRB is mostly located within Recent Quaternary Deposits. However, based on several site inspections conducted, the landform in the area belies its being mapped as a completely river-deposit borne. Where the landform becomes undulating, the banks and hills start to display soft sedimentary interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and conglomerate.

It is therefore correct to say that the rocks adjacent to the rivers belong to Masuhi Formation which is named for the rocks found in some parts along the Agusan-Davao highway and in northwestern Davao del Sur to its boundary with Davao del Norte in the northwest. It consists mainly of siltstone with few interbedded sandstone and shale beds and still fewer conglomerate beds. The siltstone is thick bedded, buff to light gray and light brown and fine to coarse grained. The shale is thin bedded, dark gray to dark brown, carbonaceous and calcareous. Pebbles of the conglomerate are composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The formation is Pliocene and has a thickness of 200 to 250 m.

The hills are mantled by relatively thin soil which is host to relatively thin vegetative growth consisting of a few trees, shrubs, grasses, bamboos, and some orchard-type plants such as coconut, banana, and some root crops. The soil is deemed to be about 2 m in maximum thickness overlying the prevalent siltstone rock type that is found near the center of the axis, but it thickens as it moves towards the river.

Main Report Chapter 9-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 9.6.1. Geologic Map of TLRB

9.7 GEOHAZARDS

There are only two geohazards that the project may be subjected to, and these are ground shaking and rupture that may be brought about by earthquake; and floods brought about by excess run-off water (see Figure 9.8-1). The possibility of major earthquakes had been discussed above under Seismic Implication Section. It is best that the dire warnings are heeded and no high dams should be considered that may pose extreme risks to lives and properties are constructed. Floods should always be expected on a year-round basis due to the location of the project site within a vast river basin and inundations are the norm rather than the exception. The continuing construction of flood risk mitigating projects such as dikes by the national government thru its River Basin Control Office (RBCO) is therefore welcome.

9.8 SOIL

The residual soil in the river valley consists mostly of inorganic silt to silty clay, ranging from ML to CL, which is generally slightly plastic. It is apparent that there are substantial minerals in the siltstone-sandstone prevalent bedrock that may be subjected to argillization process during the weathering which will transform the rock into clayey soil, making this construction material abundant around the project site.

Main Report Chapter 9-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Most of the soil materials blanketing the river basin belong to ML-CL-MH classification, where the low to flat, undulating hills are definitely underlain by said soils which were derived from the in-situ weathering of mostly clastic sedimentary bedrocks.

However, in pedological terms, the soils are classified differently, as the objectives of soil classification are: 1) to determine the morphological properties of the soil; and 2) to group and classify the soil into soil series/phases and homogeneous mapping units based on their physical and chemical properties in relation to crop productivity.

The soils of the project area are classified into soil series, soil mapping unit/types and miscellaneous land types. The soil series is a group of soils that have the same genetic horizon similar to differentiating morphological characteristics that developed from a particular parent material. A soil mapping unit is a subdivision of the soil series based on surface soil texture, slope and flooding hazard including erosion, if any, that are important in land use management, while the miscellaneous land types are those lands that have no true soil covers such as river wash river beds and marshy areas.

The soil of the project area were formed from residual materials and alluvial sediments brought and deposited by surface run-off and river flooding through the alternating process of erosion and sediment deposition in the lower slopes and in the closed valley floor respectively. The soils are characterized by fine sandy loam, clay loam to clay soil texture.

The soils of the project area were grouped into three categories based on physiographic landform setting namely: (a) soils of the lowland represented by San Manuel, Babongan and Cabangan series; (b) high grounds, hills and hillocks; and (c) miscellaneous land types represented by rivers, creeks and river wash.

9.8.1 The Babongan Soil

It is a member of the fine clayey family, deep and poorly drained soils. A horizon, 10-20 cm. thick is dark to grayish brown, brown to dark brown, clay loam to clay. B horizon is light brownish gray, light gray to gray, greenish gray or bluish gray with strong brown mottles with moderately strong to strong sub-angular blocky structure. These soils are formed in low lying broad depression subject to moderate flooding. Two (2) soil mapping units were identified and mapped

1) BbAf2; Babongan clay; 0.0-3.0% slope, moderately flooded. This soil unit covers the most extensive area that represents the profile described for the series. It is situated on the western portion of the project area and occupies the low lying broad depression of barangay’s Sta. Cruz, New Bohol, New Cortez, Poblacion, and Carcor all in the municipality of New Corella, extending to the barangays of Buclad and Cauatan in the town of Asuncion. It is subject to moderate flooding during the peak of rainy season and is cultivated to paddy rice with isolated banana area.

2) BbB; Babongan clay, 3.01 to 5.0% slope. The soil of this unit is similar to the characteristics of Babongan series moderately flooded, except for its topographical location which is nearly level to slightly sloping relief located in barangay’s Poblacion, Carcor and New Cortez. The area which is formerly grassland land is now developed to paddy field and presently planted to rice crops.

9.8.2 The Cabangan Soil

This soil is a members of the clayey family, moderately deep and somewhat poorly drained soil. A horizons are very dark brown, brown to dark brown, yellowish brown clay

Main Report Chapter 9-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin loam to clay with few medium grayish brown mottles. B horizons are brown to dark brown, mottled brown and gray clay to clay loam with moderately strong sub angular blocky structure. C horizons below 100 cm. deep are gray, light bluish gray, clay loam, sandy clay loam to loam.

This soil is situated in slightly elevated landscape position subject to slight seasonal flooding hazard.

Two (2) soil mapping units were identified and mapped under Cabangan:

1) CbA, Cabangan series, 0.0-3.0%. The soil of this mapping unit occupies the second most extensive area. It is characterized by a clay surface texture occurring on a level topography subject to slight flooding which does affect the production of certain crops. It is situated on the northeastern and north western portion of barangay Carcor, Limbaan, Sta. Cruz, San Roque, Sto. Nino, Magcum, and Suawon. This soil unit is dominantly cultivated to bananas and rice.

2) CbB, Cabangan Clay; 3.01 to 5.0% slope. This soil occupies the smallest area mapped in the project. It is formed on nearly level to slightly sloping topography located in the middle portion of the project area particularly at barangay San Roque. Crops grown in the area are bananas and rice. It has topographic limitation, which entails moderate cost of land development. This soil is suitable for the cultivation of rice both wet and dry season with sustainable irrigation water.

San Manuel series belongs to the fine loamy family, moderately deep and well- drained soil. A horizon or surface soil 10-20 cm thick are characterized by brown to dark grayish brown, clay loam to silty clay loam texture. The sub soils are moderately deep 50-100 cm., brown to dark brown with hues of 10YR to 7.5YR, chroma of 3 to 5, values of 3 to 4, few to common distinct clear yellowish brown mottles; clay loam, silty clay loam, loam to fine sandy clay loam texture, sub-angular blocky structure, underlain by stratified brown fine sandy clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam strata.

Main Report Chapter 9-12 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 9.12.1. Soil Map of Tagum Libuganon River Basin (TLRB)

9.9 HAZARD CATEGORY BASED ON DISTANCE FROM THE FAULT LINE

Areas near fault lines have very high vulnerability to landslides compared to those that are located far from it. This is due to the fact that fault lines are sensitive to earth movements and earthquake.

Results of the study conducted by DENR-ERDS Region XI showed that four (4) Municipalities of Davao del Norte have a high vulnerability in terms of location of the fault lines. These are Kapalong which have a length of 46.91 kms, followed by Talaingod – 33.35 kms., Asuncion – 24.18 kms and New Corella which ranked fourth with 17.89 kms fault line. Other mountainous barangays that are considered very highly vulnerable to landslides and near fault lines are Kilagding, Longganapan, and Naga in Laak; Mambing and Sta. Fe in New Corella; and Sonlon in Asuncion. Please see Table 9.9-1.

Main Report Chapter 9-13 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 9.9-1 Location of Fault Lines per City / Municipality

Length of Fault City / Municipality Lines (km) Asuncion 24.18 B. Dujali 1.35 Carmen 5.43 Davao City 5.09 Kapalong 46.91 Laak 1.46 Montevista 2.88 Nabunturan 0.55 New Corella 17.89 Sto. Tomas 3.31 Tagum City 7.73 Talaingod 33.35 TOTAL 150.13 Source: DENR-XI, GIS 2013

Figure 9.9.1. Fault Line Map of TLRB

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On the premises above considered, caution therefore is dispensed in proposing and implementing infrastructure projects on areas near fault lines as they prone to earth movements at any time. Proper review and evaluation must be take priority in consonance with the existing laws, policies and regulations of the Government.

9.10 HYDROGEOLOGIC/GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS

TLRB is characterized by an almost homogenous landform. On the whole, it has a gentle to moderate terrain with wide valleys as well as wide alluvial plains generally bordered by rolling uplands on the east and south sides, and by prominent mountains on the west. The groundwater conditions in the study area are controlled by geology, topography, and structure of the groundwater basin. The basin structure consists of the distribution of hydrogeologic factors like aquifer and physical geologic formations that include transmissibility, storage coefficient, and chemical characteristics of groundwater. These parameters are directly related to the development potential of the same.

Groundwater development in the area is divided into two (2) categories, namely: 1) shallow and deep well area (alluvial); and, 2) deep well area (diluvium & tertiary). Relatively large areas, particularly those low-lying areas, have potential for well development. However, complete data and information about the static water levels and yield, lithology and aquifers, groundwater flow patterns, permeability and thickness of saturated sections and other factors which are vital in pinpointing areas for further groundwater development are not available

Table 9.10-1 Proposed Hydrogeological Investigation for TLRB Master Plan

Activities Unit Cost Total A. Georesistivity Survey 1. Mobilization 50,000.00 50,000.00 2. Vertical Electrical Survey (VES) Lines 20,000.00¹ 2,040,000.00 3. Labor 1,500.00² 51,000.00 4. Data Interpretation Report 30,000.00 30,000.00 5. Value Added Tax 260,520.00 Sub Total 2,431,520.00

B. Well Drilling 1. Mobilization 100,000.00 100,000.00 2. Site Preparation 20,000.00 20,000.00 3. Hole-to-hole transfer 10,000.00 300,000.00 4. Wash Boring 10,000.00³ 11,900.000.00 5. Pumping Tests 15,000.00 255,000.00 6. Labor 1,500.00⁴ 645,000.00 7. Factual/Data Interpretation Report 50,000.00 50,000.00 8. Value Added Tax 1,592,400.00 Sub Total 14,862,400.00 Grand Total 17,293,920.00

Explanations:

¹ At least six (6) VES lines are to be undertaken per proposed or existing water district or municipality for the geophysical survey to be meaningful. This number multiplied by the

Main Report Chapter 9-15 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin total number of municipalities and cities within the river basin (14 municipalities plus 3 cities) gives us a multiplier of 102 on the unit cost.

² The daily wages of five laborers per day to be employed, multiplied by 34, assuming that 3 VES lines are accomplished per day.

³ The unit cost of wash boring per meter. This multiplied by 17 times the average depth of well within the basin which is about 70 m, based on old drilling records, gives a multiplier of 1,190 m.

⁴The daily wages of five driller helpers/laborers to be employed per day, multiplied by 17 and again by 70 m which is the average depth of drilling in one water well, and then divided by 5 m which is the minimum meterage that can be drilled in a day gives an approximate 400 days of drilling, plus hole-to-hole transfer of about 30 days total within the basin, equals 430 days total of drilling operation.

Main Report Chapter 9-16

Chapter 10 Mineral Resources Management Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 10 MINERAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

10.1 INTRODUCTION

The geological formations or bedrocks found within TLRB are soft sedimentary rocks. These are young in terms of geologic age ranging from Recent from Pliocene. These bedrocks easily disintegrate when exposed to atmosphere and/or subjected to alternate wet and dry conditions. These rock types are normally what are expected of river basins like Tagum-Libuganon which are deposition area for clay, silt, and sand. Once these are buried and subjected to compaction o cementation or combinations thereof, these become claystone, siltstone, or sandstone.

In any case these soft sedimentary rocks are overlain by soil horizons such as San Manuel, Babongan and Cabangan soil series that are either residual, transported and/or deposited in character or combinations thereof which are utilized as plantations for rice, corn, bananas, cane sugar, coconuts and other value crops. This is where TLRB has the edge in development over other basins. The only caveat is to adapt measures to protect the river basin from excessive flooding that causes crop and even loss of lives.

10.2 MINERALIZATION

TLRB can never be in the mold of Compostela Valley Province which is renowned as a gold mining district. After all, Compostela Valley Province has been host to mineralization of its parent rocks mainly due to the intrusion of solution-and-gas bearing intrusive or igneous bodies or plutons such as diorite, granodiorite, or quart diorite. The intrusion and mineralization is fully aided by the fact that the province is highly faulted and is in fact dissected by several north-south splays of the Philippine Fault. These breaks in the rocks are where the mineralizing solutions entered and are responsible for turning the same into mineralized lodes.

TLRB is also wrought with at least three splays of the Philippine Fault. The only difference is that no bedrock had been crossed by the said geologic structures and if there are, these bedrocks are mostly buried deep by river deposits. In any case, no solution bearing diorite intrusions are found within the basin; hence, no mineralizations of the host rocks were recognized no mineral resources can be extracted.

There is one instance of plutonic occurrence within the river basin, and this is the presence of ultramafic rock body near the Kapalong-Talaingod area along the west flank located at the foot of the Mindanao Central Cordillera. However, this basic plutonic rock is not associated with gold and copper mineralizations. Ultramafic rocks are almost always indicators of nickel, chromite and iron mineralizations.

There are reports of gold panning in the Kapalong area, but these are at best still unverified. The presence of ultramafic rocks in the area is enough to cause extensive gold mineralization along the west flank of the river basin. Mountain Range comes to mind: it is intruded by ultramafic rock plutons, but no gold mines are reported there, only nickel mines.

Main Report Chapter 10-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

10.3 MINERAL RESOURCES

The only extractable ‘mineral’ resource within the TLRB is sand and gravel for use as concrete aggregates or, if less desirable, as base course fillings for road concreting. However, there are only two known localities within the basin which are considered as plausible quarry areas for concrete aggregates. One is along the Kipaliku River at the vicinity of the existing dam along the west flank of the basin. The other is a tributary of Saug River whose watershed upstream located along the extension of the Pacific Cordillera have andesite and dacite bedrocks that break down, gets transported and deposited as alluvium downstream at the vicinity of its confluence with Saug River.

Additionally, there are reported mining of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, magnesite and sand and gravel, and these are all reported in the towns of Kapalong at Talaingod. The presence of young crystalline limestone bedrocks overlying or interbedded with the ultramafic and sedimentary rocks provides the quarry for limestone materials.

The main backside of mineral-richness is denouement of the environment because of wanton mining activities without regard for environmental laws. Thankfully the stakeholders in Tagum-Libuganon will not experience such headaches and it is hoped that no mining will prosper anywhere around TLRB as mining is never an environment- friendly undertaking. On the contrary, engaging in it especially on a big-time scale, will just despoil the environment. The best way to manage the mineral resources anywhere is not to exploit it, especially for commercial purposes.

10.4 RECORDS OF PRODUCTION

In any case, the province of Davao del Norte has rich deposits of non-metallic materials. Sources of marble, limestone and magnesite with an estimated total reserve of 7,870,000 MT are found in the municipalities of Kapalong as shown in Table 10.4-1.

Table 10.4-1 Estimated Non-Metallic Resources Province of Davao del Norte

Non-Metallic Mineral Locality Total Reserve (MT) Marble Deposit 35,000 Limestone/ Lime Raw Kapalong 7,800,000 Materials Magnesite 35,000

TOTAL 7,870,000

Source: DENRXI

It is also the second largest producer of high grade quality of sand and gravel/earthfill in Region XI. The major suppliers of these construction materials are the City of Tagum and the municipalities of Carmen, Kapalong, and Sto. Tomas. As shown in Table 10.4-2, the volume of sand and gravel produced in 2012 is 539,814 m3 with a total revenue of Php 14,832,493.73.

Main Report Chapter 10-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 10.4-2 Sand and Gravel/Earthfill Production and Revenues in 2012 Province of Davao del Norte

Gross Income Share on taxes Production Location 3 from Extraction (m ) Brgy (40%) Province (PhP) Mun/City (30%) (30%) Carmen 62,180 1,756,472.90 1,229,531.03 526,941.87 Kapalong 46,085 1,661,611.40 1,163,127.98 498,483.42 Sto. Tomas 12,671.5 297,000.00 207,900.00 89,100.00 Tagum City 394,647 10,689,517.80 7,482,662.46 3,206,855.34 Talaingod 1,210 79,566.63 55,696.64 23,869.99 Asuncion 22,690 88,750.00 62,125.00 26,625.00 New Corella 330 259,575.00 181,702.50 77,872.50 Total 539,814 14,832,493.73 10,382,745.61 4,449,748.12 Source: DENR, PENRO-Davao del Norte, and PTO

Compostela Valley, on the other hand, is also endowed with non-metallic mineral deposits like marble, magnesite, and manganese. This province is abundant as well in sand and gravel which can be extracted in ten out of eleven municipalities (refer to Table 10.4-3). The production of sand and gravel in the three municipalities within TLRB with a total volume of 29,530 m3 in 2009 and 2010.

Table 10.4-3 Sand and Gravel Production by Municipality Compostela Valley Province, 2009 & 2010 (in m3)

Muncipality 2009 2010 Mawab 6,472 14,927 Monkayo 1,225 3,272 Nabunturan 964 2,490 TOTAL 8,661 20,689

Source: MENROs and Provincial Tourism Office, Compostela Valley

Main Report Chapter 10-3

Chapter 11 Community Participation Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 11 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

11.1 ADMINISTRATIVE PROFILE OF TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN

The Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB) sprawls over an area of 319,951 ha and is located geographically between 7 20’ N to 8 00’ N and 125 15’E to 126 00’ E. It covers a total of 190 barangays located in four provinces, three cities and 15 municipalities. Table 11.1-1 shows the number of⁰ barangays⁰ by province, city⁰ and municipality.⁰

Table 11.1-1 Number of Barangays per Province, City, and Municipality

Administrative Entity No. of Barangays Barangays in TLRB

Tagum-Libuganon River Basin 190

Davao del Norte 177 146 Asuncion 20 20 Carmen 20 20 Kapalong 14 14 New Corella 20 20 Santo Tomas 19 19 Talaingod 3 3 Braulio E. Dujali 5 5 San Isidro 13 13 Panabo City 40 15 Tagum City 23 17

Compostela Valley 120 40 Laak 40 23 Mawab 11 2 Monkayo 21 3 Montevista 20 11 Nabunturan 28 1

Agusan del Sur Loreto 17 1

Davao del Sur Davao City 182 3

Source: 2010 CPH/ 2014 TLRB Administrative Map

Figure 11.1-1 shows the administrative boundary of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin at the barangay level.

Main Report Chapter 11-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 11.1-1 Barangay Administrative Boundary Map of TLRB

Main Report Chapter 11-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

11.2 POPULATION IN THE BASIN

In 2010, a total of 830,717 individuals live in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (2010 CPH). Most of them (731,223 or 88.02%) live in the province of Davao del Norte. The others live in Compostela Province (88,094 or 10.60%), Davao City (8,278 or 0.99%) and Agusan del Sur Province (3,122 or 0.39%).

With regards to urban-rural disaggregation, a total of 290,220 individuals (34.93%) live in urban areas while the rest, 540,506 individuals (65.07%) are rural dwellers. The urban dwellers live in urban barangays of the basin. Most of them, however, live in Panabo City and Tagum City in Davao del Norte. The Davao City residents live in a hinterland barangay of the city and are thus considered living in rural areas. Table 11.2-1 shows the population distribution of the TLRB by province, city and municipality by urban-rural disaggregation.

Table 11.2-1 TLRB Population by Province/City/Municipality and by Rural/Urban Disaggregation (2010)

Province/ Population Urban Rural Municipality No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

TLRB 830,717 100 305,022 36.71 525,695 63.28

Davao del Norte 731,223 88.02 290,211 39.68 441,012 60.32 Asuncion 55,844 15,692 40,152 Braulio E. Dujali 28,339 19,993 8,346 Carmen 69,199 19,493 49,706 Kapalong 68,261 16,829 51,432 New Corella 50,699 28,935 21.761 Panabo City 47,419 14,225 33,194 San Isidro 25,548 3,828 21,720 Santo Tomas 109,269 38,504 70,765 Tagum City 242,801 137,304 78,621 Talaingod 25,566 25,566

Compostela Valley 88,094 10.60 14,811 16.81 73,283 83.19 Laak 47,811 11,611 36,200 Nabunturan 1,004 1,004 Mawab 4,824 4,824 Monkayo 10,950 10,950 Montevista 23,505 3,200 20,305

Agusan del Sur 3,122 0.39 3,122 100 Loreto 3,122 3,122

Davao City 8,278 0.99 8,278 100

Source: 2010 CPH, Municipal CLUP

11.2.1 Population Density

With regards to population density, the average population density in the river basin is 259 persons per square kilometer. Tagum City has the most population with 1,330

Main Report Chapter 11-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin persons per square kilometer. On the other hand, Talaingod is the least populated with 56 persons per square kilometer. Table 11.2-2 shows the TLRB population by population, city or municipality.

Table 11.2-2 TLRB Population Density by Province/City/ Municipality (2010)

Province/ Municipality Population Land Area (km2) Person/km2

TLRB 830,717 3,199.51 259

Davao del Norte 731,223 Asuncion 55,844 293.47 190 Braulio E. Dujali 28,339 91.00 311 Carmen 69,199 166.25 416 Kapalong 68,261 945.86 72 New Corella 50,699 321.48 157 Panabo City 47,419 San Isidro 25,548 152.49 167 Santo Tomas 109,269 320.41 341 Tagum City 242,801 182.54 1,330 Talaingod 25,566 454.96 56

Compostela Valley 88,094 Laak 47,811 Nabunturan 1,004 9.88 101 Mawab 4,824 32.5 148 Monkayo 10,950 100.84 108 Montevista 23,505 135.90 172

Agusan del Sur 3,122 Loreto 3,122

Davao City 8,278

Source: 2010 CPH, 2014 Davao del Norte SEP, TLRB GIS Maps

Figure 11.2-1 shows the population density and its distribution in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin.

The Philippine Statistics Authority-National Statistical Coordination Board (PSA-NSCB) defines an urban area as “municipal jurisdictions which have a population of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometer or poblaciones or central districts which have a population density of at least 500 persons per square kilometer or poblaciones or central districts regardless of population with street patters or network of streets and at least six establishments”1. For this study, an urban barangay is defined as a barangay with a population density of at least 500 persons per square kilometer.

1http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_urbanrural.asp

Main Report Chapter 11-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 11.2-1 Population Density and its Distribution within TLRB

Main Report Chapter 11-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Using the study definition, there are 35 urban barangays in the TLRB. Table 3 shows the list of the urban barangays with their corresponding population density.

Table 11.2-3 Urban Barangays in TLRB

Urban Barangay Land Area (km2) Density (Person/km2) Cambanogoy (Pob), Asuncion 18.58 495 Magatos, Asuncion 9.27 700 Ising (Pob), Carmen 10.34 1,075 La Paz, Carmen 5.83 513 Mabuhay, Carmen 3.6 563 Mangalcal, Carmen 6.7 537 San Antonio, Carmen 5.62 882 Tubod, Carmen 9.99 838 Maniki (Pob), Kapalong 10.05 1,675 Sampao, Kapalong 11.11 557 Del Pilar, New Corella 12.97 320 Limba-an, New Corella 17.77 290 Mesaoy, New Corella 24.98 318 Poblacion, New Corella 19.28 455 San Roque, New Corella 9.69 303 Kimamon, Sto Tomas 10.2 647 New Katipunan, Sto Tomas 6.00 865 Tibal-og (Pob), Sto Tomas 17.99 2,140 Canocotan, Tagum City 7.69 808 Cuambogan, Tagum City 8.80 963 La Filipina, Tagum City 5.50 2,193 Mankilam, Tagum City 11.76 3,293 MasugpoPoblacion, Tagum City 9.81 492 San Isidro, Tagum City 8.02 587 San Miguel (Camp 4), Tagum City 6.09 2,698 Visayan Village, Tagum City 15.20 2,324 Masugpo South, Tagum City 1.34 7,870 Masugpo West, Tagum City 2.16 6,182 Dujali, BE Dujali 16.26 430 New Casay, BE Dujali 3.73 510 Tanglaw, BE Dujali 38.66 336 Linao, San Isidro 2.91 750 Saawata, San Isidro 17.62 217 Kapatagan, Laak 26.00 172 Laac (Pob), Laak 37.00 193 Source: 2010 CPH, Municipal CLUP

Figure 11.2-2 shows the urban barangays in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin based on the PSA-NSCB definition.

Main Report Chapter 11-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 11.2-2 Urban Barangays of TLRB

Main Report Chapter 11-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

11.2.2 Average Annual Population Growth Rate

The 2010 Census on Population and Housing (CPH) shows that Davao del Norte has the highest population growth rate at 2.43 percent per annum while Agusan del Sur has the lowest population growth rate at 1.61 percent per annum. See Table 11.2-4.

Table 11.2-4 Average Annual Population Growth Rate by Province, 2000 – 2010

Population Province Growth Rate (%) 2000 2010 Davao del Norte 743,811 945,764 2.43 Compostela Valley 580,244 687,195 1.71 Agusan del Sur 559,294 656,418 1.61 Davao City 1,449,296 1,147,116 2.36 Source: 2010 CPH

Using the 2000-2010 Average Annual Population Growth Rate by province as reference, it is projected that the population in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin will grow by 61.63 percent (61.63%) from 830,717 to 1,342,754 by Year 2030. Table 11.2-5 shows the projected population every five years starting from 2010 to year 2030.

Table 11.2-5 TLRB Population Projection, by Province/Municipality, 5-Year Interval, 2015-2030

YEAR PROVINCE 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

TLRB 830,717 936,675 1,056,148 1,190,860 1,342,754

Davao del Norte 731,223 824,491 929,654 1,048,232 1,181,934 Asuncion 55,844 62,967 70,998 80,054 90,265 BE Dujali 28,339 31,954 36,029 40,625 45,807 Carmen 69,199 78,025 87,977 99,199 111,852 Kapalong 68,261 76,968 86,785 97,854 110,336 New Corella 50,699 57,166 64,457 72,769 81,949 San Isidro 25,548 28,807 32,481 36,624 41,295 Santo Tomas 109,269 123,206 138,921 156,641 176,620 Talaingod 25,566 28,827 32,504 36,650 41,324 Panabo City 47,419 53,467 60,287 67,977 76,647 Tagum City 242,801 273,770 308,690 348,063 392,459

Compostela Valley 88,094 95,888 104,372 113,606 123,657 Laak 47,811 52,041 56,645 61,657 67,112 Mawab 4,824 5,251 5,715 6,221 6,771 Monnkayo 10,950 11,919 12,973 14,121 15,370 Montevista 23,505 25,585 27,848 30,312 32,994 Nabunturan 1,004 1,093 1,190 1,295 1,405

Agusan del Sur (Laak) 3,122 3,382 3,663 3,967 4,297

Davao City 8,278 9,302 10,453 11,746 13,199

*Based on 2010 CPH

Main Report Chapter 11-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Using the same growth rate data, the number of urban barangays in the TLRB will grow from 38 barangays in 2010 to 63 barangays by Year 2030. Table 11.2-6 shows the projected increase in urban barangays from 2010 to 2030 at 5-year intervals.

Table 11.2-6 will also show that the eight most populated barangays in the TLRB are located in Tagum City. These are Masugpo South, Masugpo West, Mankilam, San Miguel, Visayan Village, and La Filipina. The densiest barangay outside of Tagum City are Tibal-og (Poblacion), Sto, Tomas. This is followed by Maniki (Poblacion), Kapalong and Ising (Poblacion), Carmen.

Table 11.2-6 Projected Urban Barangays in TLRB, 5-Year Interval, 2010-2030

Density (Person/km2) Land Urban Barangay Area 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (km2) Density Density Density Density Density Magatos, Asuncion 9.27 700 790 890 1,004 1,132 Cambanogoy (Pob), 18.58 495 558 630 710 800 Asuncion Doña Andrea, Asuncion 7.59 533 601 677 764 Camoning, Asuncion 7.93 544 613 New Bantayan, Asuncion 5.77 553 Sagayen, Asuncion 14.35 502 Ising (Pob), Carmen 10.34 1,075 1,212 1,367 1,541 1,738 San Antonio, Carmen 5.62 882 995 1,122 1,265 1,426 Tubod, Carmen 9.99 838 945 1,066 1,202 1,355 Mabuhay, Carmen 3.6 563 635 715 807 910 Mangalcal, Carmen 6.7 537 605 682 769 867 La Paz, Carmen 5.83 513 579 653 736 830 Alejal, Carmen 15.46 563 634 715 806 Tibulao, Carmen 3.24 542 611 689 777 New Camiling, Carmen 7.42 518 585 659 743 Cebuano, Carmen 4.78 563 632 712 Tuganay, Carmen 11.28 510 575 Asuncion, Carmen 3.50 503 567 Maniki (Pob), Kapalong 10.05 1,675 1,888 2,129 2,100 2,707 Sampao, Kapalong 11.11 557 628 708 798 900 Kapungagan, Kapalong 10.28 544 613 692 780 Gabuyan, Kapalong 10.97 511 576 649 732 Katipunan, Kapalong 7.05 514 Poblacion, New Corella 19.28 455 513 578 652 735 Del Pilar, New Corella 12.97 320 361 407 459 518 Mesaoy, New Corella 24.98 318 358 404 455 514 San Roque, New Corella 9.69 303 341 385 434 489 Limba-an, New Corella 17.77 290 326 368 415 468 Tibal-og (Pob), Sto Tomas 17.99 2,140 2,413 2,721 3,068 3,460 New Katipunan, Sto Tomas 6.00 865 976 1,100 1,240 1,399 Kimamon, Sto Tomas 10.2 647 729 822 907 1,045 San Jose, Sto Tomas 6.0 556 627 707 New Visayas, Sto Tomas 6.05 556 627 707 La Libertad, Sto Tomas 13.04 555 626 706 Kinamayan, Sto Tomas 10.20 560 Esperanza, Sto Tomas 8.44 530 San Miguel, Sto Tomas 8.11 507 Masugpo North, Tagum City 0.73 11,833 13,342 15,044 16,963 19,127

Main Report Chapter 11-9 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Masugpo East, Tagum City 2.56 6,251 7,048 7,947 8,960 10,103 Mankilam, Tagum City 11.76 3,293 3,713 4,187 4,721 5,329 San Miguel, Tagum City 6.09 2,698 3,042 3,430 3,867 4,361 Visayan Village, Tagum City 15.20 2,324 2,620 2,955 3,331 3,756 La Filipina, Tagum City 5.50 2,193 2,480 2,797 3,154 3,556 Cuambogan, Tagum City 8.80 963 1,085 1,224 1,380 1,556 Magdum, Tagum City 12.58 841 949 1,070 1,207 1,360 Canocotan, Tagum City 7.69 808 911 1,028 1,159 1,306 San Isidro, Tagum City 8.02 587 661 746 841 948 MasugpoPob., Tagum City 9.81 492 554 625 705 795 Madaum, Tagum City 26.55 376 418 471 531 599 Pandpan, Tagum City 5.30 538 606 684 Pagsabangan, Tagum City 13.50 512 577 Liboganon, Tagum City 6.12 555 New Balamban, Tagum City 5.20 505 New Casay, BE Dujali 3.73 510 576 649 732 825 Dujali, BE Dujali 16.26 430 485 547 617 696 Tanglaw, BE Dujali 38.66 336 379 427 482 543 Linao, San Isidro 2.91 750 846 954 1,075 1,213 Saawata, San Isidro 17.62 217 245 276 311 351 Santo Niño, San Isidro 2.88 515 581 655 Laac (Pob), Laak 37.00 193 210 229 249 271 Kapatagan, Laak 26.00 172 187 203 221 241 *Based on 2010 CPH, Municipal CLUP

Figure 11.2-3 shows the projected urban barangays by Year 2030.

Main Report Chapter 11-10 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Figure 11.2-3 Projected Urban Barangays in TLRB by Year 2030

Main Report Chapter 11-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

11.2.3 Settlement Pattern

Tagum City is the primary growth center in the TLRB. It is the seat of the provincial government of Davao del Norte. It is also the center of education, health, commerce and industry in the province. This is attributed to its strategic location for business and commerce. There are the presence of various facilities in education complete in elementary, high school and tertiary and even vocational schools, sports and recreation facilities, communication such as radio stations, internet cafes, telephone facilities, tertiary hospitals and clinics, churches for catholics and non catholics, including the luxury of shopping malls, market, terminal and other facilities became important factors that attract many people to settle in Tagum City. Being adjacent to New Corella, Asuncion, Mawab, Carmen, and B.E. Dujali, it also served as the marketing arm, distributor and prime business and social services center among these municipalities.

Panabo City, the second growth center in the basin is only 23 km away from Tagum City. It is 30 minutes travel by bus from Tagum City and 35 minutes travel to Davao City, thus making this city a preferred residential area of those working in Davao City and those who find employment opportunities in Panabo City. Like Tagum City, the City of Panabo also has much to offer to its populace. With its proximity to Davao City, and having a seaport facility, the city is projected as an alternate site for industrial development in the province of Davao del Norte.

Other existing growth areas in Davao del Norte include Tibal-og (Poblacion) in Sto Tomas, Maniki (Poblacion) in Kapalong and Ising (Poblacion) in Carmen.

In Compostela Valley Province, Monkayo is the most populated municipality in the province. It is the second largest municipality in terms of land area. The influx of migrants is due largely to the mining activity in Mt. Diwata.

High-density settlement areas can be observed in the heartland of the Compostela Province province where Nabunturan, the capital town is geographically located. Nabunturanis also considered a secondary growth center in the basin owing to a higher population density growth as compared to other municipalities because of its being the administrative center ofthe province. It is the central area of establishment for almost all field offices of the national agencies and its strategic location makes the municipality accessible. The growth influence of Nabunturan is noticeable through the establishment of more commercial and institutional structures in the municipality, manifested by the increasing rate of conversion of agricultural land areas to residential, institutional, industrial, and commercial land uses.

Laak, on the other hand, is the largest municipality of the province of Compostela Valley in terms of land area. It is a top corn producer. Its large agricultural area has drawned in entrepreneurs to engage in agribusiness, like the establishment of the banana plantation in the mid 2000s. The concreting of the road from Tagum to in Agusan del Sur, which passes through Laak, makes the municipality an emerging growth area. The completion of this road will open up the hinterlands of Agusan del Sur to the commercial center of Tagum City.

Impact of Growing Settlements

Growing settlements requires consideration particularly on its impact on the environment. One of the considerations is space for housing. Many times, the development of housing projects encroaches on waterways which ultimately lead to flooding. It is important that construction of houses or other buildings should not interfere with the natural flow of waterways. In like manner, a growing settlement requires planning for drainage to

Main Report Chapter 11-12 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin prevent flooding. This consideration is important in the TLRB particularly that many of the growing settlements are located in flood-prone areas.

Another important consideration is waste management, both solid and liquid (septage) waste. Improperly planned and implemented waste management programs poses a health risk to growing communities. In particular is the leeching of liquid waste on the ground which may contaminate ground water sources.

Pollution, both air and water pollution, is another important consideration in a growing settlement. This is particularly important if the growth of a settlement is directed towards industrialization. Pollution control measures at the source should be required, not an option, to prevent discharge of waste into the atmosphere or waterways.

Transportation infrastructure (roads and bridges) that connect growing settlements is another important consideration. While this infrastructure drives the economy, it could also drive environmental degradation if not properly planned. The construction of a roaf that cuts across environmentally critical areas opens up these areas to human population and extraction activities.

11.2.4 Dependency Ratio

Table 11.2-7 shows the dependent population in the provinces of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley and Agusan del Sur. Agusan del Sur has the highest dependency ratio where for every 100 persons of working age, 71 persons are dependent on them for support. Of these, 65 are young dependents (0-14 years) and six persons are aged dependents (65 years old and over).

Table 11.2-7 Young and Old Dependents and Its Ratio to Production Population

DAVAO DEL COMPOSTELA AGUSAN AGE GROUP DAVAO CITY NORTE VALLEY DEL SUR Dependent Age Group 345,521 253,929 272,848 506,678 14 years-old and below 308,681 229,900 250,177 453,686 65 years-old and above 36,660 24,029 22,671 52,992 Working Age Group 592,444 383,234 382,483 937,212 15-64 Years Old 592,444 383,234 382,482 937,212 Dependency Ratio 58 66 71 54 Young Dependency Ratio 52 60 65 48 Old Dependency Ratio 6 6 6 6 Source: 2010 CPH

11.3 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE

Language is the means by which culture is transmitted inter-generationally. Cebuano and its variant Visaya is the most spoken language in the TLRB. Boholano is another language commonly spoken in the river basin, being brought by migrants to the area. With regards to the mass media (broadcast and print), Visaya is commonly used as a medium of communication for broadcast media while Tagalog (Filipino) is used for the TV media. Although not much spoken, English is also understood in almost all areas of the river basin, being taught in the school system.

The other migrant language includes Tagalog, Ilonggo, Ilocano and Waray.

Main Report Chapter 11-13 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

In relation to the ICC/ IP communities, the languages spoken are Dibabawon, Mandaya, Ikalahan, Ata-Manobo, Kalagan, Sama, Mansaka and Manguangan. Table 11.3-1 shows the languages spoken in the TLRB.

Table 11.3-1 Languages Spoken in the TLRB

COMPOSTELA DAVAO DEL NORTE AGUSAN DEL SUR DAVAO CITY VALLEY English, Tagalog, English, Cebuano, Manobo, Cebuano, Ata-Manobo, Cebuano, Visaya, Visaya, Boholano, Boholano, Ilonggo, Dibabawon Boholano, Ilonggo, Bisaya, Mansaka, Dibabawon, Mandaya, Ilonggo, Tagalog, Ikalahan, Ilocano, English, Ata-Manobo, Waray, Ata-Manobo, Mandaya, Kalagan, Sama Manguangan, Dibabawon Source: NCIP DdN Provincial Office, 2012/ NCIP Compostela Valley Province, 2014

11.4 EDUCATION SITUATIONER IN THE TLRB

Basic elementary education is accessible to residents of the TLRB. There are 333 elementary schools located in the 260 barangays within the river basin. In the province of Compostela Valley, the ratio is 1.35 school for every barangay. The ratio is smaller in Davao del Norte where there are five elementary schools for every four barangays (1.24 school for each barangay).

Access to secondary basic education is another issue. On the average, there is one secondary basic education school for every four barangays. In its totality, there are 71 secondary schools for the 260 barangays in the river basin. Table 11.4-1 shows the number of basic education schools in the river basin.

Table 11.4-1 Number of Basic Education Schools in TLRB by Province/Municipality

No. of Elem. PROVINCE No. of Barangays No. of Sec Schools Schools

TLRB 260 333 71

Davao del Norte 137 170 34 Asuncion 20 28 4 BE Dujali 5 12 4 Carmen 20 25 7 Kapalong 14 36 11 New Corella 20 28 4 San Isidro 13 15 3 Santo Tomas 19 32 4 Talaingod 3 15 2 Panabo City 14 28 11 Tagum City 23 60 21

Compostela Valley 120 162 36 Laak 40 50 7

Main Report Chapter 11-14 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Mawab 11 18 8 Monnkayo 21 37 11 Montevista 20 24 3 Nabunturan 28 33 7

Agusan del Sur (Loreto) 1 1 1

Davao City 2 ND ND

Source; DepEd Schools Division, Provincial Development Plans, Municipal CLUP

The National Aptitude Test Performance for School Year 2012-2013 (refer to Table 11.4- 2) shows an average performance of 73 for Grade Six students in the province of Davao del Norte. The performance by school district ranges from 83.73 (Santo Tomas West) to 53.48 in Kapalong East District. This data tells us that Information, Educational, and Communication (IEC) materials at the understanding level of Grade Six students can be used for social marketing programs in the TLRB.

Table 11.4-2 NAT Performance SY 2012-13, Davao del Norte

Grade 3 Grade 6 4th Year HS Davao del Norte 58.02 73.00 57.24 Asuncion 50.06 63.40 53.60 BE Dujali 69.98 82.47 64.73 Carmen 67.61 83.38 63.34 Kapalong East 45.94 53.48 48.81 Kapalong West 50.82 74.67 59.31 New Corella 65.05 79.21 60.72 Santo Tomas East 41.61 59.00 56.89 Santo Tomas West 74.33 83.73 57.88 San Isidro 53.59 66.50 49.07 Talaingod 58.59 77.67 60.00 Tagum City No data available No data available No data available Panabo City No data available No data available No data available Source: DepEd Davao del Norte

With regards to school attendance, most elementary and secondary school students in the TLRB remain at school as can be seen in the dropout rate of 0.69 percent and 1.71 percent for elementary and secondary schools in Davao del Norte, respectively. The drop-out rate in Compostela Valley is quite higher at the elementary level (6.90 percent) while it is almost the same at the secondary level (1.72 percent). Most of the students get promoted to the next level of education and most of the Grade Six and 4th Year High School students finished their respective level of schooling. See Table 11.4-3.

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Table 11.4-3 DepEd School Performance SY 2012-13, By Province/School District

PROVINCE Drop Out Rate Promotion Rate Graduation Rate Retention Rate (%) (%) (%) (%) Elem Sec Elem Sec Elem Sec Elem Sec Davao del Norte 0.69 1.71 91.94 92.31 98.05 93.73 92.69 90.44 Asuncion 0.96 2.25 95.93 93.01 97.92 93.23 114.64 86.05 BE Dujali 0.09 0.31 98.97 94.71 101.2 97.57 98.62 98.80 Carmen 0.06 1.49 97.23 90.80 97.62 92.00 96.22 86.25 Kapalong East 0.58 1.33 89.83 94.20 98.10 94.37 91.01 64.56 Kapalong West 0.08 1.93 96.08 93.05 98.26 98.91 91.50 90.89 New Corella 0.89 1.31 94.58 92.16 94.79 94.17 92.40 92.11 San Isidro 0.80 0.90 91.08 94.12 97.37 95.71 83.73 90.76 Santo Tomas East 0.75 2.18 95.76 90.55 98.18 94.17 93.12 160.73 Santo Tomas West 1.66 2.49 96.83 89.99 98.24 89.96 96.31 95.73 Talaingod 0.31 1.94 91.46 95.42 96.43 94.52 89.65 91.51 Panabo City NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA Tagum City NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA Compostela Valley Laak 6.90 1.72 97.03 92.02 98.04 94.75 87.60 85.02 Mawab 2.80 2.83 94.39 94.39 98.57 94.14 92.63 89.57 Monnkayo 2.80 1.70 93.79 91.43 95.53 94.14 92.63 89.57 Montevista 1.87 4.27 95.40 93.86 98.17 98.71 92.99 990.02 Nabunturan 8.40 2.49 96.56 92.76 96.08 94.42 95.11 90.56 Agusan del Sur (Loreto) NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA Davao City NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA Source: DepEd Davao del Norte, DepEd Compostela Valley

11.5 HEALTH SITUATIONER

Access to health services in the TLRB is more pronounced in the province of Davao del Norte where there are 172 Barangay Health Stations in the 137 barangays of the province. On the average, the ratio is 1.25 Barangay Health Stations for every barangay, or five Barangay Health Stations for every four barangays.

There is, however, the need to improve access to basic health services in the areas covered by Compostela Valley Province where the ratio of Barangay Health Stations to every barangay is 0.68:1. This translates to an average of two barangays for every Barangay Health Station.

With regards to Rural Health Units, all of the LGUs in the TLRB have their respective Rural Health Units. There are also 30 hospitals strategically located in the TLRB. Table 11.5-1 shows the number of health stations, units, and hospitals within the study area.

Table 11.5-1 Number of Barangay Health Stations/Rural Health Units in TLRB

No. of No. of PROVINCE No. of BHS No. of RHU Barangays Hospitals

TLRB 190 255 15 30

Davao del Norte 146 172 10 24 Asuncion 20 20 1

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BE Dujali 5 4 1 Carmen 20 11 1 2 Kapalong 14 15 1 3 New Corella 20 20 1 San Isidro 13 13 1 Santo Tomas 19 18 1 6 Talaingod 3 3 1 Panabo City 15 40 1 8 Tagum City 17 28 1 5

Compostela Valley 40 40 5 6 Laak 23 23 1 1 Mawab 2 2 1 1 Monnkayo 3 3 1 Montevista 11 11 1 2 Nabunturan 1 1 1 2

Agusan del Sur (Loreto) 1 1 1

Davao City 2 ND ND Source: 2012 Davao del Norte Provincial Health Situationer, Municipal CLUP

The access to basic health services can be directly related to health statistics such as Infant Mortality Rate, Under-Five Mortality Rate and Maternal Mortality Rate. Table 11.5- 2 shows that the health situation for Davao del Norte is better than that of Compostela Valley or Agusan del Sur.

Table 11.5-2 2012 Health Statistics by Province

Infant Mortality Rate Under-Five Mortality Maternal Mortality

(%) Rate (%) Rate (%) Davao del Norte 5 9 Compostela Valley 6 14 67 Agusan del Sur 5.4 6.98 0.70 Source: 2012 Davao del Norte Provincial Health Situationer, 2011 Compostela Valley PDP, 2012 Agusan del Sur PDP

11.5.1 Potable Water Supply

The availability of potable water is important to the health condition of a populace, given the fact that water-borne diseases are a major factor in morbidity cases.

Data from the 2012 Provincial Health Situationer of Davao del Norte shows that 66.14% of its population has access to potable water supply from Level 1 (direct source such as handpumps), Level 2 (community faucets) and Level 3 (water district) sources. Access is most pronounced in Kapalong where 87.20% nof the population have access to potable water supply. The residents in the municipalities of Carmen and Braulio E. Dujali have difficulty in accessing potable water with 21.92% and 29.79% having access, respectively. It is noted that these municipalities are the most flood prone municipality in the river basin.

It is also noted that the gap in the access to potable water from established facilities (Levels 1, 2 and water districts) are filled in by water peddlers who trucked in potable

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water from outside sources. As seen in Table 11.5-3, the municipalities of Carmen and Braulio E. Dujali have the highest percentage for trucked-in water with 63.35% and 58.26%, respectively. The urban center of Panabo City, which borders Carmen and Braulio E. Dujali municipality also has a high percentage (63.34%) of dependence on trucked-in water. It is alleged that most of the water peddlers draw their water from Davao City.

The province of Compostela Valley has a better performance in regards to access to potable water supply. Almost all its population (90.69%) have access to potable water supply. In the municipality of Monkayo, some of the residents have more than one source of potable water supply. It is only in the municipality of Laak where access to potable water (48.04%) is an issue.

In the municipality of Loreto, Agusan del Sur, 58.60% of the residents have access to potable water supply.

Table 11.5-3 Number of Household (HH) with Potable Water Supply in TLRB

Water Percent Percen No. of Total HH Peddlers PROVINCE Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 HH t HH Served HH Served Served Served

TLRB 250,059 182,006 72.78

Davao del Norte 173,343 114,649 66.14 60,991 35.19 Asuncion 12,565 325 807 6,807 53.63 1,353 10.66 BE Dujali 5,222 86 1,919 29.79 3,752 58.26 Carmen 16,312 3,447 21.92 9,963 63.35 Kapalong 11,912 11,546 87.20 1,144 8.64 New Corella 12,052 1,945 4,113 1,607 9,548 82.86 1,112 9.65 San Isidro 6,200 4,074 70.17 15 0.25 Santo Tomas 24,487 10,170 1,408 7,287 19,231 77.44 4,495 18.10 Talaingod 5,540 4,411 75.92 Panabo City 38,475 11,968 30.20 25,100 63.34 Tagum City 53,899 41,698 77.36 14,057 24.96

Compostela Valley 69,818 31,356 20,398 11,561 63,315 90.69 Laak 15,746 1,986 4,823 756 7,565 48.04 Mawab 7,933 3,660 2,598 1,498 7,756 97.77 Monkayo 21,073 17,495 4,956 1,844 24,295 115.29 Montevista 8,800 3,593 4,208 836 8,637 98.14 Nabunturan 16,266 4,622 3,813 15,062 15,062 92.60

Agusan del Sur Loreto 6,898 4,042 58.60

Davao City NAD Sources: Davao del Norte Provincial Health Situationer, Provincial Development Plan, Municipal CLUP

Figure 11.5-1 shows the potable water sources in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin.

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Figure 11.5-1 Water Sources in TLRB

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11.5.2 Household Toilet Facilities and Solid Waste Disposal

Sanitary toilet facilities and appropriate solid waste disposal is another factor that affects the health of the population. Availability of these facilities could reduce environmental pollution such as the leaching of toxins from these facilities.

Available health data indicates that 85.31% of the population living in the TLRB and TLRB-influenced areas have households with sanitary toilets. The figure is higher in the province of Davao del Norte where 90.91% of the population have households with sanitary toilets. A lower percentage of household in TLRB-influenced municipalities in Compostela Valley (79.86%) have households with sanitary toilets.

It is noted that 19,040 households (7.61%) in the TLRB have unsanitary toilet facilities while another 8,176 households (3.26%) have no toilet facility.

On solid waste disposal, one municipality in Davao del Norte and another three municipalities in Compostela Valley are practicing the eco-park system of solid-waste management. The others have open dumpsites. The establishment of an eco-park involves putting up of a fence surrounding the dumpsite, signboard, daily soil cover for garbage leachate pond, establishing an operational material recovery facility (MRF) or composting and organized waste pickers.

Table 11.5-4 shows the available data on household toilets and solid waste disposal by province and municipality. It is noted, however, that the timeline of these data vary significantly indicating the need to generate primary data in this regard.

Table 11.5-4 Household Toilet Facilities and Solid Waste Disposal by Province/Municipality

HH with No. of HH with Sanitary HH without Sanitary PROVINCE Unsanitary HH Toilets Toilets Landfill Toilets No. Percent No (%) No (%)

TLRB 250,059 213,458 85.31 19,040 7.61 8,176 3.26

Davao del Norte 173,343 157,589 90.91 10,326 5.96 5,702 3.29 Asuncion 12,565 6,745 53.68 5,382 42.83 438 3.49 Open Dump BE Dujali 5,222 4,675 89.53 360 6.89 187 3.58 Open Dump Carmen 16,312 15,586 95.55 132 0.81 594 3.64 Open Dump Kapalong 11,912 10,453 87.75 892 7.49 567 4.76 Open Dump New Corella 12,052 11,681 96.92 332 2.75 39 0.32 Open Dump San Isidro 6,200 4,966 80.10 1,228 19.81 6 0.10 Open Dump Santo Tomas 24,487 23,618 96.43 640 2.61 229 0.94 Eco Park Talaingod 5,540 2,151 50.00 289 6.72 1,862 43.28 Open Dump Panabo City 38,475 30,406 94.62 1,071 2.78 1,272 3.31 Open Dump Tagum City 53,899 41,308 98.79 508 1.21 Open Dump

Compostela Valley 69,818 55,759 79.86 8,714 12.48 2,474 3.54 Laak 15,746 10,759 68.33 3,129 19.87 142 0.90 Open Dump Mawab 7,933 6,947 87.57 879 11.08 301 3.79 Eco Park Monkayo 21,073 19,679 93.39 1,273 6.04 Eco Park Montevista 8,800 5,972 67.86 2,211 25.12 454 5.16 Open Dump Nabunturan 16,266 12,402 76.25 2,495 15.34 304 1.87 Eco Park

Agusan del Sur

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Loreto 6,898 NAD NAD NAD NAD

Davao City NAD NAD NAD NAD

Source: DdN PDF, 2014-16/ Compostela Valley PDPFP 2007-2028 (projected population)

11.6 RELIGION

Roman Catholic is the major religion in the TLRB. The other major religions are Iglesia ni Cristo, Evangelicals, Aglipay, and Islam. Table 11.6-1 shows the other religions in the river basin.

Table 11.6-1 Major Religion by Province

Davao del Norte Compostela Valley Agusan del Sur Roman Catholic, Islam, Iglesia Roman Catholic, Evangelicals, Roman Catholic, Aglipay, ni Cristo, Seventh Day Iglesia ni Cristo, Islam, Aglipay Iglesia ni Cristo, Seventh Day Adventist, Jehovah’s Witness Adventist

Source: Municipal SEP, 2011 Compostela Valley Province SEP

11.7 INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES / INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

According to Article XIV Section 17 of the 1986 Philippine Constitution “the State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions.” Pertinent to this section of the Philippine Constitution is the Republic Act 8371 otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act that stipulates the recognition, promotion, and protection of the rights of ICCs/ IPs to their ancestral domain (AD).

The Tagum-Libuganon River Basin abounds with Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous Peoples. Table 11.7-1 shows the population of ICC/ IPs by province in TLRB influence areas.

Table 11.7-1 ICC/IP Population by Province (TLRB Influence Area)

PROVINCE POPULATION ICC/IP POPULATION PERCENT TLRB 1,203,483 230,421 19.14 Davao del Norte 849,830 94,023 11.06 Compostela Valley 314,179 112,990 35.96 Agusan del Sur (Loreto) 39,474 23,408 59.3 Davao City ND ND ND Sources: NCIP Davao del Norte, NCIP Compostela Valley, CLUP Loreto

Data from NCIP Davao del Norte and NCIP Compostela Valley reveal that there are 15 ICC/IP tribal groups in Davao del Norte and eight (8) ICC/IP tribal group in Compostela

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Valley. The Loreto Comprehensive Land Use Plan reveal that the Manobo tribe is the majority ICC/IP tribe in that municipality.

Table 11.7-2 shows the listing of ICC/IP tribal groups in TLRB.

Table 11.7-2 ICC/IP Groups in the TLRB

Agusan del Sur Davao del Norte Compostela Valley Davao City (Loreto) Ata Ata Manobo Ata Manobo Ata Manobo Dibabawon Bagobo Kalagan Bilaan Manobo Dibabawon Mandaya Kalagan Mangguangan Kamayo Mansaka Kaulo Tagakaolo Mandaya Mangguangan Manobo Mansaka Sama Surigaonon Tala-anding Source: NCIP Davao del Norte, NCIP Compostela Valley, CLUP Loreto

The Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) refers to the title formally recognizing the rights of the ICCs/IPs over their ancestral land. Data from the NCIP Provincial Offices of Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley indicate that a total of five CADTs had been awarded to ICC/IP communities that live in the TLRB. These CADTs cut across both TLRB and non-TLRB areas. Another two proposed CADTs are in the final process and also include areas that are both within and outside the TLRB. Details of these CADT are shown in Table 11.7-3.

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Table 11.7-3 Approved and On-Process CADT, Compostela Valley

CADT Issued/Approved Barangays/ Date No. of Hectarage and On-Process Municipalities Issued Claimants Mandaya, Manobo, 15 Barangays of 22 July 30,468 2,189 Mangguangan&DibabawonTribes Monkayo, ComVal 2003 CADT No. RXI-MON- 0703-0007 DibabawonTribe 26 Brgys (Laak, Comval) Oct. 22, Lot 1- 3,927 CADT No. RXI-LAA-1005-035 4 Brgys (Asuncion, DN) 2005 49,015 4 Brgys (Kapalong, San Lot 2-8,599 Isidro & Monte Dujai, DN) Lot 3-3,354 Ata-ManoboTribe 13 Brgys (Kapalong, San April 02, 117,410.92 R11-TAL-0308-071 Isidro, Sto. Tomas, 2008 60 has. Talaingod, Davao del Norte) DibabawonTribe 4 Brgys (Asuncion, DDN) October 8,599.0001 R11-LAA-1005-035 (LOT 2) 22, 2005 has. DibabawonTribe 4 Brgys (Kapalong and October 3,353.4775 R11-LAA-1005-035 (LOT 3) San Isidro, DDN) 22, 2005 has. MangguanganTribe 11 Brgys (New Corella, Communit 13,194.383 RXI-DDN-003 Davao del Norte) y Map 7 has. validation conducted / On process Dibabawon&Mangguangan 19 Barangays of Surveyed 20, 087.333 Tribes Montevista (Comval) more or (For RADT & En Banc 3 Barangays of Monkayo less deliberation) 1 Barangay Asuncion Source: NCIP Davao del Norte Provincial Office 2014/ NCIP Compostela Valley Provincial Office 2014

Figure 11.7-1 shows the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT) areas TLRB.

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Figure 11.7-1 CADT Areas in TLRB

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11.8 STAKEHOLDERS IN THE TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN

An inventory of stakeholders in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin was done prior to the conduct of stakeholder workshops. A listing of peoples/ community organizations was generated from government agencies as well as local government units. Annex A shows the list of organizations generated.

An assessment of the stakeholders was done through a Stakeholders’ Participatory and Analytical Planning Workshop which adopted the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Designing and Monitoring Framework (2007) methodology. The process involves (1) policy/ problem identification, (2) objective setting, and (3) alternative/ scoping analysis (Phase 1 output) that formed the basis for regulatory and institutional reforms as well as programs, projects and activities to be incorporated into the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan.

The Stakeholders’ Participatory and Analytical Workshop was designed adopting the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Designing and Monitoring Framework (2007). It aimed to capture and better understand the multi-dimensional aspect of common issues and problems existing in the communities within the river basin. Such issues and problems provide the basis for formulating policies and strategies that will weave the various culture and society in the Basin into a desirable future situation. The process involves (1) policy problem identification, (2) objective setting, and (3) alternative/scoping analysis (Phase 1 output) which will later on form the basis for regulatory and institutional reforms as well as programs, projects, and activities to be incorporated into the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin Master Plan (Phase 2 output). There were three identified categories of stakeholders: (1) Primary Stakeholders, (2) Secondary Stakeholders, and (3) Tertiary Stakeholders. Primary Stakeholders were defined as those who have major risks or stakes and are directly affected by activities in the river basin. Sectors that are considered as Primary stakeholders in the basin are forest occupants/communities, irrigators associations, upland and lowland farmers, plantations, and urban communities. On the other hand, Secondary stakeholders were defined as those who have interests in the implementation of activities and will be consulted by primary stakeholders. They are usually from regulatory agencies with authority to issue permits, clearances, and certificates of compliance with government regulations (government agencies from all levels). Tertiary stakeholders referred to those who are affected by programs and projects implemented in the basin, or are affecting these programs and projects such as forest product processors and business sector, among others.

The stakeholder groups and their interests identified as well as problems raised are listed in Tables 11.8-1 and 11.8-2.

Table 11.8-1 Summary of Interests of Primary Stakeholders

Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised a. Access roads a. Soil erosion b. Tree planting to protect nature b. Lack of access roads in and to avert soil erosion upland areas c. Proper land use and c. Deforestation and land Tribal Leaders management mismanagement; d. Working collectively in the d. lack of forest land use plan preservation of upland e. Watershed areas have no resources reforestation program; e. Watershed protection f. Sloping Agricultural Land

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Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised f. MalinisnaTubig (clean water) Technology (SALT) was not g. Soil and water conservation properly enforced and h. Protection checkpoints of implemented ancestral domains (PENRO g. Hindi malinisangtubig DavNor) (unclean water) i. Agro-forestry projects and h. Illegal cutting of trees is more programs on agri j. P.O. infra access road; i. Massive quarrying riverbanks j. Unabated clearing of k. Proper extraction of mineral vegetation on riverbanks resources k. No consultation with IPs l. IPs’ consultation, FPIC l. Ancestral domains with titles m. AMMADO-wants to be m. Non-compliance to the laws, included in the NGP rules and regulations n. 70% of AMMADO tribe unable to read and write a. Creek without exit b. Presence of informal settlers /housesalong riverside and embankments c. Dikes along Libuganon River Farmers, Irrigators’ a. Flood Control Mitigation, Risk are low Associations Reduction d. Clearing and vegetation e. Soil erosion f. Presence of Illegal settlers in easements g. Denudation of watershed a. Coastal resources a. Siltation in coastal areas management b. Cutting of mangroves in the b. Cutting of mangroves river Fisherfolks c. Establishment of beach resort c. Siltation of Libuganon River d. Involvement of FARMCs and d. Illegal fishing all coastal barangays a. No source of potable water for Tagum b. No funds to have or to a. Provision of potable, quality develop potable water Homeowners, Urban water in Tagum and whole of sources Poor, Tagum Water Davao del Norte c. Water pollution District b. Proper use of water and d. HH domestic wastes in LGUs management (septic liquid) e. Protection dike in Guadalupe is so low a. Support, cooperate and a. No water provision in times of participate in the formulation calamities, Youth, Elderly of IWB Management and b. Flash flooding Dev’t. Plan for Tagum- c. Tribal communities affected Libuganon by flood a. Availability of trees to plant a. Control of flooding b. Cutting of trees in protected b. Planting more and more trees areas c. Protect people from calamities c. Riverbank erosion DENR NGP-PO d. Watershed protection d. Denudation of mangroves partners e. Prohibition of quarrying e. Illegal logging activities activities along riverbanks f. Dried-up water sources f. Planting of trees to minimize (springs) soil erosion g. Flooding during rainy days h. Lax implementation of

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Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised ordinances

a. Peace and Order b. Access to area c. Hunger / Livelihood a. Livelihood (panginabuhian) b. Ancestral Domain Title of the d. Exploitation of natural Loreto community Manobo tribe resources (rampant illegal c. Presence of Illegal loggers logging) d. Presence of armed groups e. Health services (No health center) f. Landslide g. Boundary conflict a. Denuded forest TREES, INC. (an b. Kaingin and other NGO) environmental concerns a. Community participation DANA Foundation

Table 11.8-2 Summary of Interests of Secondary Stakeholders

Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised DENR XI, PENRO- a. Watershed management, Davao del Norte, protection and conservation a. Denuded forest CENRO-Tagum b. Watershed rehabilitation b. Kaingin (slash and burn City, DENR-Panabo c. Forest Protection farming) City, DENR XIII. d. Conservation of c. Loss of Wildlife DENR-PENRO wildlife/biodiversity d. Biodiversity Loss Agusan Sur, DENR conservation Research a. IP issues and concerns to National a. Watershed rehabilitation environment Commission for b. Abundant water b. Conflicting tenurial Indigenous People c. Resiliency of farmers/IPs to instruments (NCIP) agriculture c. No definite boundary of the watershed a. Class attendance affected due LGU San Isidro a. Community Participation to flooding

LGU Carmen a. Community resiliency a. Increase number of IDPs

a. Recovery and Rehabilitation a. Laxity in the enforcement of LGU Dujali (disaster victims/IDPs) Environmental Laws

a. Loss of lives, damage to LGU Tagum a. Flood infrastructures, crops etc.

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Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised a. Protected areas are being used as production areas b. Illegal cutting of trees c. Land conversion d. Crop shifting e. Conflicting tenurial instruments a. Introduction of forestry f. Conflicting policies of projects in watershed areas government agencies b. Enforcement of forestry laws, g. Indigenous People’s limited rules and regulations knowledge on ancestral c. Database for all watersheds domains Municipal LGUs d. Database of flora and fauna h. Poor quality of water within the watershed i. Insufficient water e. Poverty alleviation in the supply/quantity upland areas j. Landslides f. Soil and water conservation k. Peace and Order g. Climate change mitigation l. Siltation of water bodies m. Streams tributaries are not properly cleaned and maintained n. No updated data on forest resources (CBFM and etc.) o. No updated data on flora and fauna in the watershed

PLGU a. Preservation of water bodies a. Limited manpower

BFAR-PFO,DDN a. Low productivity of coastal a. Fisheries production &Comval zone

DAR Provincial a. Increase farm production a. Riverbank erosion Office,DDN b. Better quality of life of farmer

a. Potability b. Expansion of service areas Water District c. Competition from other water provider a. No monitoring conducted to a. Regulation of water drilling NWRB control drilling in different activities municipalities a. Earthquakes,volcanics,fault a. Occurrence oflarge PhilVOLCS lines and related disaster earthquake in the vicinity management and mitigation

DepEd-Davao del a. Tree planting and other above a. Conflicting tenurial Norte concerns instruments

a. Depredation and deterioration a. River bank erosion Academe of river banks and water b. Watershed management sources

DPWH Tagum a. Vast area submerged

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Stakeholders Interests Problems Raised

DPWH ComVal a. Community Livelihood

a. Limited capability in early OCD XI warning Systems

a. Flooding b. Forest Denudation NCFA c. Siltation of water bodies (rivers, creeks, stream)

11.9 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

11.9.1 Gender and Development in the Philippines

In 1987, the Philippines affirmed the equality of men and women. This most significant of documents has paved the way for the Philippines to have made significant progress in empowering women and in advancing gender equality. In the same year, the Philippines Development Plan for Women was developed, followed by the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development, 1995–2025, whose preparation and adoption were coordinated by the government agency for women, the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women.

More recently, a Framework Plan for Women was drafted by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. The framework identifies three priority concerns to meet the objectives of gender equality and women’s empowerment: economic empowerment of women, protection and fulfillment of women’s human rights, and gender-responsive governance.

In 2007, the National Economic and Development Authority has come up with the Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines for Project Development, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation. The guidelines focus on (1) the process, (2) strategies, and (3) the development and management results of integrating gender equality and women’s empowerment concerns in various stages of the project cycle, including (a) project identification and design and assessment of projects for funding; (b) project implementation; and (c) monitoring and evaluation.

Gender equality and women’s empowerment are conceived to occur progressively at different levels. Thus, gender equality and women’s empowerment outputs and outcomes may be viewed and measured in terms of the following indicators:

1) Improved physical welfare of women and girls; lower incidence of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality among girls and boys; lower maternal morbidity and mortality; improved functional literacy of various groups of women, particularly among the older age groups in rural areas and among indigenous peoples groups; and improved school participation of girls and boys at various levels;

2) Equal access of women and men to development opportunities (including employment generated by the project), resources, and benefits, which implies the removal of constraints, barriers, and various forms of gender-based discrimination with respect to women’s access;

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3) Greater understanding of women’s human rights among women and men; commitment of the State to recognizing, protecting, and fulfilling human rights, particularly of women and girls; or changes in attitudes and beliefs concerning gender relations, as indicated by a reduction in the incidence of violence against women and a more equal gender division of labor;

4) Equal participation of women in bodies or organizations created by development programs or projects; and higher representation of women in various decision- making bodies and leadership positions; and

5) Equal control of women and men over resources and processes and outcomes of development.

11.9.2 Gender and Development in TLRB

The Gender and Development (GAD) Program of the provincial government of Davao del Norte is at present, actively promoting the role of women media practitioners for disaster preparedness. A focus-group discussion held last 25 February 2014 sought to gather ideas on how to drum-up household level consciousness on climate change and its adverse impact. The activity was also geared towards supporting the OPLAN ANDAM (Advocacy for Natural Disaster Awareness and Management) that the provincial government has initiated in 64 flood prone barangays.

In the seaweed industry at the coastal communities of Davao del Norte, a study made by Bacaltos, et al, on gender role in the seaweed industry showed that the industry was well participated by both men and women. In particular, women have roles in planning at the management level and that there is a greater percentage of women involvement at the seaweed production and value-adding level.2

11.9.3 Gender Issues Raised During the Stakeholders’ Workshops

In the four Stakeholder Workshops conducted as part of the consultation process in the formulation of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Masterplan, it was observed that the women participants were at par with the men participants in discussing the issues. It was also observed that their logic and context of discussion were accepted by the male participants. Nonetheless, there were several issues where the women participants have strongly expressed their point of view. a. Issues related to Potable Water Supply. The women participants in the Stakeholder Workshops has keenly expressed their interest on issues relating to potable water supply. These issues include water pollution with implication on health and sanitation, pollution of groundwater as a result of improper waste disposal and possible chemical contamination of water sources due to aerial spraying of banana plantations. The women participants also expressed interest in septage and septic waste management and the availability of supply of potable water.

It can be deduced in the discussion that the women’s role as a mother and its accompanying responsibilities has strongly surfaced. These responsibilities include preparing the food for the family and taking care of the health needs of the family.

2http://genderaquafish.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/29-della-bacaltos-gender-roles-in-phil-seaweed- cluster.pdf

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The significance of this observation is on the role of the women sector on programs and projects relating to potable water supply, health and sanitation, and food security at home. b. Issues related to safety of families living in easements and riverbanks. It was also observed in the discussions that the women participants have expressed keen interest on the safety of families living along riverbanks, given the frequency of the occurrence of floods. This observation underscores the role of the women in family decision making, particularly in relation to disaster and relocation. It implies the willingness to relocate when family safety is at risk.

11.10 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT

The vision statement of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin is:

“An ecologically-balanced River Basin sustained by God- centered, culturally bound, socio-economically empowered and resilient communities.”

The mission statement of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin is:

“We, the stakeholders of the River Basin committed to uphold the laws of the land and implement the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin Master Plan for the betterment of the communities by the year 2030”

11.11 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND PROGRAMS

Goal 1: Universal Access to Health and Sanitation Services

Objective 1.1: Universal access to safe water supply by 2030.

Programs/ Projects 1.1.1:

Title: Registration/ Monitoring of Sources of Potable Water Supply Rationale: Unsafe drinking water is a major source of disease. Ensuring safe water supply reduces the risk of water-borne diseases. This program aims to strengthen potable and safe water monitoring by the DOH. Location: TLRB Strategies: • Establishing/ Strengthening of water monitoring unit in the DOH • Registration of all water sources including water drillers (Level 1, 2 and 3) • Regular monitoring of water quality at spout level (Level 1 hand pump spout, Level 2 communal faucet spout, and Level 3 household faucet spout) • Local ordinance to penalize unsafe water sources Estimated cost: PhP 150M Indicative implementation 2015 to 2030 schedule:

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Proposed implementing DOH (Province/ Municipality) agency:

Program/ Projects 1.1.2:

Title: Provincial Potable Water Supply Development Program Rationale: Availability of potable water for drinking and household use was a major issue raised by the stakeholders. A 2007 study funded by the ADB has identified a water source capable of providing the needs of the residents of tha basin particularly in the lowlands of Davao del Norte. This program aims to develop a network potable water supply for the basin. Location: Davao del Norte Strategies: • Identification and data gathering on commercially possible water sources • Enhancement of available engineering designs on network of potable water sources and end users • Construction of provincial water network Estimated cost: PhP 250M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DPWH/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Objective 1.2: Established sewerage treatment facility in cluster municipalities by 2030.

Program/ Projects 1.2.1:

Title: Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Sewerage Master Planning Rationale: Uncontrolled discharge of septic waste contaminates the soil and ground water sources. In like manner, discharge of septic waste on waterways (creeks/ rivers) leads to its contamination and being a health risk. The treatment of septic wastes neutralizes micro-organisms that can cause diseases. It can also produce organic fertilizers for crop production. Location: TLRB Strategies: • Preparation of Sewerage Master Plan • Clustering of municipalities for improved cost-benefit ratio • Local ordinances for implementation of environmentally safe septic disposal Estimated cost: PhP 5M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed DENR/ DOH implementing

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agency:

Program/ Projects 1.2.2:

Title: IEC/ Social Marketing on Environmentally Safe Sewerage Management Rationale: Sewerage management is a household responsibility. An understanding of this responsibility is important at the household level. Location: TLRB Strategies: • Preparation of an IEC/ social marketing plan for an environmentally safe sewerage management • Preparation of IEC materials for distribution to communities • Preparation of sewerage management teaching modules for use in classrooms and community meetings Estimated cost: PhP 45M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DOH/ DepEd/ Provincial Government agency:

Objective 1.3: Operationalization of Solid Waste Management Program by 2020.

Programs and Projects 1.3.1:

Title: Preparation of TLRB Basinwide Solid Waste Management Master Plan Rationale: Location: TLRB Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 5M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2017 schedule: Proposed implementing DOH/ DENR/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Programs and Projects 1.3.2:

Title: IEC/ Social Marketing on Solid Waste Management Rationale: Location: TLRB Strategies:

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Estimated cost: PhP 45M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DENR / Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Goal 2: Universal Access to Quality Education Services

Objective 2.1: Access to School Facility Within One-Hour Walking Distance by 2025.

Programs and Projects 2.1.1:

Title: Establishment of School Facilities Rationale: Location: Remote communities (basin wide) Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 250M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing DepEd agency:

Programs and Projects 2.1.2:

Title: Mobile Library Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 250M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DepEd/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

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Objective 2.2: Access to Quality Technical-Vocational Education (Livelihood Skills Education) by 2025.

Programs and Projects 2.2.1:

Title: Livelihood Skills Education Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin Wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 150M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing Academe/ TESDA/ Provincial Government agency:

Objective 2.3 Technical-Vocational Education/ Job Market Matching by 2020.

Programs and Projects 2.3.1:

Title: Establishment of Databank on Job Market Matching Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 50M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DOLE/ Provincial Government agency:

Programs and Projects 2.3.2:

Title: Job Fair Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 30M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed DOLE/ Provincial Government

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implementing agency:

Goal 3: Proactive Community Participation in Development

Objective 3.1: Knowledgeable Communities on Environmental Issues by 2020.

Programs and Projects 3.1.1:

Title: IEC/ Social Marketing on Environmental Issues Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 45M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DENR/ DepEd/ Provincial and Local Government agency:

Objective 3.2: Organized Communities Involved in Development Programs and Projects.

Programs and Projects 3.2.1:

Title: Strengthening of Cooperatives and People’s Organizations Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: Php 150M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing CDA/ DOLE/ DSWD/ DAR/ Provincial and Municipal governments agency:

Programs and Projects 3.2.2:

Title: One-Stop Community Organization Registration Center Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide (Cluster Municipalities) Strategies:

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Estimated cost: PhP 150M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing CDA/ DOLE/ DSWD/ DAR/ Provincial and Municipal governments agency:

Programs and Projects 3.2.3:

Title: Establishment of Community Relations Desk Rationale: Location: All government offices basinwide Strategies: Estimated cost: P150M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing All government offices basinwide agency:

Objective 3.3: Proactive Community Participation in Environmental Protection by 2020.

Programs and Projects 3.3.1:

Title: Kalikasan Mo, Ipatrol Mo Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 75M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed DENR/ PNP/ AFP/ PIA/ Broadcast and TV media/ Provincial and implementing Municipal Government agency:

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Goal 4: A Safe and Secure Community and Workplace

Objective 4.1: Increased Police Visibililty by 2018.

Programs and Projects 4.1.1:

Title: Strengthening of Police Visibility Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 150M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing PNP/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Programs and Projects 4.1.2:

Title: Environmental Police Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 150M Indicative implementation 2015 - 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing DENR/ PNP/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Objective 4.2: Reduced Response Time to Environment-Related Criminality by 2018.

Programs and Projects 4.2.1:

Title: PNP Modernization Program Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 300M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule:

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Proposed implementing PNP/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Objective 4.3: The AFP Spearheading Development Interventions in Conflict Areas by 2018.

Programs and Projects 4.3.1:

Title: Winning the Peace Program (Demobilization Disarmament Reintegration Program) Rationale: Location: Conflict Zones in TLRB Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 450M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing AFP agency:

Goal 5: Respecting the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Objective 5.1: Documented Indigenous Peoples Knowledge, Skills and Practices by 2020.

Programs and Projects 5.1.1:

Title: Documentation of Indigenous Persons Knowledge, Skills and Practices Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 25M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing NCIP/ Academe agency:

Programs and Projects 5.1.2:

Title: IEC/ Social Marketing on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Rationale:

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Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: P45M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2030 schedule: Proposed implementing NCIP/ PIA/ Provincial and Municipal Government agency:

Objective 5.2: Indigenous Peoples Knowledge, Skills and Practices Incorporated in Basic Education Curricula by 2025.

Programs and Projects 5.2.1:

Title: Preparation of Basic Education Curricula on IP Knowledge, Skills and Practices Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 50M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing NCIP/ DepEd agency:

Programs and Projects 5.2.2:

Title: Preparation of Basic Education Textbooks on IP Knowledge, Skills and Practices Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 50M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing NCIP/ DepEd agency:

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Objective 5.3: Codified Indigenous Peoples Laws by 2025.

Programs and Projects 5.3.1:

Title: Codification of Indigenous Peoples Tribal Laws Rationale: Location: TLRB Basin wide Strategies: Estimated cost: PhP 50M Indicative implementation 2015 – 2025 schedule: Proposed implementing NCIP/ Integrated Bar of the Philippines/ DOJ agency:

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Chapter 12 Economic Development Plan Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN

12.1. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

12.1.1 Contribution to Gross Domestic Product

In 2012, the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Davao Region at constant 2000 prices was PhP 242.23 billion which accounted for 3.84% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of PhP 6,311.67 billion (Figure 12.1-1). Although the Davao Region’s GRDP has exhibited an increase of 18% from 2009 to 2012, its contribution to the national GDP has slightly decreased from 3.88% to 3.84%. Nevertheless, it has retained its position of being number 6 among all the regions in terms of value of GRDP at constant 2000 prices as in 2009. Among the regions of Mindanao, Davao Region is the top contributor to GRDP.

Figure 12.1-1 Contribution to GRDP by Region (2012)

NCR has consistently posted the highest GRDP over the four year period with the 2012 GRDP valued at PhP 2, 255 billion which is 36% of the national GDP. On the other end, ARMM posted the lowest GRDP value of PhP 48 billion in 2012 (Table 12.1-1).

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Table 12.1-1 Gross Regional Domestic Product 2010-2012 at Constant 2000 Prices (P’000)

REGION / YEAR 2009 2010 2011 2012

PHILIPPINES 5,297,239,770 5,701,539,196 5,908,999,733 6,311,670,842

NCR METRO MANILA 1,898,573,862 2,038,178,776 2,101,687,899 2,255,116,040

CAR CORDILLERA 112,792,966 120,136,274 121,728,409 122,967,777

I ILOCOS 168,426,092 179,927,789 184,246,599 193,741,846 CAGAYAN II 100,691,791 99,839,760 105,434,223 114,064,995 VALLEY

III CENTRAL LUZON 464,403,057 510,617,864 546,830,485 581,382,134

IVA CALABARZON 903,910,748 1,009,389,533 1,026,046,727 1,097,720,281

IVB MIMAROPA 102,146,657 101,835,838 104,987,077 109,428,311

V BICOL 110,301,848 114,109,823 116,241,121 124,491,331 WESTERN VI 217,481,681 227,241,684 241,412,643 259,428,707 VISAYAS CENTRAL VII 301,882,912 340,700,776 363,901,202 397,651,690 VISAYAS EASTERN VIII 146,419,070 150,799,368 153,893,711 144,346,537 VISAYAS ZAMBOANGA IX 115,411,480 117,018,919 117,182,723 131,695,644 PENINSULA NORTHERN X 198,117,878 210,965,521 223,160,739 239,677,173 MINDANAO

XI DAVAO REGION 205,705,040 217,313,462 225,455,325 242,230,400

XII SOCCSKSARGEN 148,069,604 151,318,180 159,309,865 172,262,219

XIII CARAGA 58,272,211 64,534,772 70,002,372 77,426,887 MUSLIM ARMM 44,632,876 47,610,858 47,478,614 48,038,871 MINDANAO Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

On the other hand, the value of the Per Capita GRDP of Davao Region at constant 2000 prices in 2012 was PhP 52,201 which is 26% lower than the national per capita GDP of PhP 65,904 (Table 12.1-2). In terms of per capita GRDP, Davao Region ranked 7 among the 17 regions of the country. As expected, National Capital Region (NCR) posted the highest per capita GRDP at PhP 183,747, nearly three times the national average and 5.6% higher than its per capita GRDP in 2011. Aside from NCR, two other regions, CALABARZON and Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) likewise had per capita GRDP higher than the national average at PhP 82,393 and PhP 73,573, respectively. Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) had the lowest per capita GRDP among the regions at PhP 14, 321.

Majority or fourteen out of the 17 regions of the country exhibited improved per capita GRDP, with Davao Region posting a 5.6% from PhP 49,431 in 2011 to PhP 52,201 in 2012. Zamboanga Peninsula recorded the highest increase at 10.6% from PhP 33,726 in 2011 to Ph P37,284 in 2012.

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Table 12.1-2 Per Capita Gross Regional Domestic Product, 2011 and 2012 (Pesos at constant 2000 prices)

REGION / YEAR 2011 2012 PHILIPPINES 62,739 65,904 NCR METRO MANILA 173,975 183,747 CAR CORDILLERA 73,945 73,573 I ILOCOS 38,287 39,806 II CAGAYAN VALLEY 32,167 34,364 III CENTRAL LUZON 52,766 55,072 IVA CALABARZON 78,966 82,393 IVB MIMAROPA 37,540 38,514 V BICOL 21,112 22,312

VI WESTERN VISAYAS 33,499 35,559

VII CENTRAL VISAYAS 52,528 56,507

VIII EASTERN VISAYAS 37,006 34,305 ZAMBOANGA IX PENINSULA 33,726 37,284 NORTHERN X MINDANAO 50,838 53,632 XI DAVAO REGION 49,431 52,201 XII SOCCSKSARGEN 37,813 40,043 XIII CARAGA 28,362 30,951 MUSLIM ARMM MINDANAO 14,348 14,321 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

12.1.2 Employment

Davao Region’s was able to provide more people with jobs as reflected by the sustained high employment rates of 95.4% in 2011 and 95.2% in 2012 (Table 12.1-3). However, from 2010-2012, it grew only by 1.3 percentage points but still faster than the growth of national employment of only 0.3 percentage point. From 2010 to 2012, the region’s employment rates were the second to the lowest rates among Mindanao regions. However, in terms of underemployment rate, Davao region has the most improved situation by recording the lowest underemployment rates in Mindanao, implying that there are more job opportunities and better quality of work in Davao Region that allowed its workers to achieve full employment.

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Table 12.1-3 Employment Statistics, Davao Region, 2010-2012

Indicator/Area 2010 2011 2012 Labor Participation Rate (%)

Philippines 64.2 66.3 63.9 Davao Region 65.5 69

Employment Rate (%)

Philippines 92.9 93.6 93.2 Davao Region 93.9 95.4 95.2 Unemployment Rate (%)

Philippines 7.1 6.4 6.8 Davao Region 6.1 4.6 4.8 Underemployment Rate (%)

Philippines 19.6 19.1 19 Davao Region 16.2 16.4 16.1

12.1.3 Poverty Incidence

Table 12.1-4 shows that the poverty incidence among families in Davao Region has significantly improved from 34.1% in 1991 down to 25% in 2012. Davao Region’s poverty incidence was still lowest among the regions in Mindanao.

Compared to all other regions, Davao is midway between the number of regions with poverty incidence below 25% and those higher than 25%. Poverty incidence among the 17 regions of the country ranged from a low of 2.6% in NCR to as high as 48.7% in ARMM.

In terms of the magnitude or number of poor families, Davao Region went down to number 10 from being number 8 in 1991 among the 17 regions of the country. The estimated number of poor families or families falling below the poverty line in 2012 was 268,957 accounting for 6.8 percent of the total for the country.

Region VII has the most number of poor families with a total of 405,694 while NCR has the least number with 76,530 in the same year.

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Table 12.1-4 Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Families by Region: 1991, 2006, 2009 and 2012

Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold Poverty Incidence among Families (%) Magnitude of Poor Families Region/Province (in Pesos) Estimates (%) Estimate 1991 2006 2009 2012 1991 2006 2009 2012 1991 2006 2009 2012 PHILIPPINES 5,949 13,357 16,871 18,935 29.7 21 20.5 19.7 3,554,878 3,809,283 4,036,915 4,214,921

NCR 7,373 15,699 19,227 20,344 5.3 2.9 2.4 2.6 86,388 73,353 63,974 76,530 CAR 6,706 14,107 17,243 19,483 36.7 21.1 19.2 17.5 83,557 66,607 66,111 65,516 Region I 6,371 14,107 17,595 18,373 30.6 19.9 16.8 14 205,171 191,326 172,726 154,712

Region II 6,525 13,944 17,330 19,125 37.3 21.7 20.2 17 182,360 142,518 143,847 130,965

Region III 6,635 14,422 18,188 20,071 18.1 10.3 10.7 10.1 221,205 206,568 232,928 240,079

Region IV-A 6,409 13,241 17,033 19,137 19.1 7.8 8.8 8.3 234,129 189,690 241,158 256,839

Region IV-B 5,753 12,645 15,613 17,292 36.6 32.4 27.2 23.6 132,082 176,282 160,226 150,486

Region V 5,807 13,240 16,888 18,257 48 35.4 35.3 32.3 395,592 361,802 385,523 375,974

Region VI 5,580 12,684 15,971 18,029 32.3 22.7 23.6 22.8 345,102 316,669 353,431 365,040 Region VII 5,670 13,963 16,662 18,767 38.2 30.7 26 25.7 345,870 411,431 378,221 405,694 Region VIII 5,507 12,520 16,278 18,076 42.3 33.7 34.5 37.4 279,555 271,319 293,886 337,221

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Region IX 5,330 12,743 16,260 18,054 36.4 40 39.5 33.7 156,354 260,619 280,271 259,749

Region X 5,529 12,917 16,878 19,335 42.6 32.1 33.3 32.8 236,172 263,982 298,472 320,113 Region XI 5,653 13,389 17,120 19,967 34.1 25.4 25.5 25 187,065 229,801 252,152 268,957 Region XII 6,272 13,319 16,405 18,737 47.4 31.2 30.8 37.1 196,284 250,168 274,043 366,169 Caraga 6,099 14,324 18,309 19,629 48.5 41.7 46 31.9 163,244 191,315 227,453 169,522 ARMM 5,201 12,647 16,683 20,517 26.9 40.5 39.9 48.7 104,747 205,834 212,494 271,355 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

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For the three provinces with municipalities within the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB), i.e., Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, and Agusan del Sur, the poverty incidence in 2012 was 26.7, 30.7% and 37.3%, respectively; all of which is higher than the regional average (Table 12.1-5).

Table 12.1-5 Annual Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Families, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009 and 2012

Poverty Incidence among Families (%) Magnitude of Poor Families Estimates (%) Estimate Region/ Province 1991 2006 2009 2012 1991 2006 2009 2012 Region XI 34.1 25.4 25.5 25.0 187,065 229,801 252,152 268,957 Davao del Norte 26.2 27.2 26.7 48,669 55,869 60,652 Compostela Valley 31.3 31.0 30.7 43,546 46,267 48,928 Caraga 48.5 41.7 46.0 31.9 163,244 191,315 227,453 169,522 Agusan del Sur 46.1 53.8 37.3 56,058 70,560 52,809 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

12.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES1

As almost the whole of Davao del Norte is within the TLRB area, the economic activities in the province define the economic activity for the Basin.

The primary economic development activity in the province is agriculture. The potentials of the Province in agriculture are reflected through its vast area devoted to agricultural activities. Agricultural land use accounts for 47.30% (163,983.65 ha) of the total land area of Davao del Norte.

The soil characteristics of the Province can support cultivation of most agricultural crops. Soil resources are dominantly clayey in texture that originates from alluvium washed from the uplands and from materials originating from igneous and sedimentary rocks. These soils exhibit medium to high fertility, except in some places where nutrient supplementation is required for optimum yields.

12.2.1 Crops Production

Table 12.2-1 shows the major crops grown in the province in 2012 which include paddy rice, corn, coconut, banana for export and local consumption, fruit trees, and some high value commercial and industrial crops. Vegetables, root crops and other temporary and perennial crops are also grown, although mostly not in commercial scale.

1 Excerpts from the 2013 Socio-Economic Profile of Davao del Norte prepared by Provincial Planning and Development Office.

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Paddy rice cultivation was undertaken in 19,769 hectares, of which 81.61% (16,134 hectares) are irrigated. Total production in 2012 was 133,471 MT valued at PhP1,982 million. Rice is grown in all municipalities and cities of the Province with six (6) municipalities contributing most of the production areas. These are the municipalities of New Corella, Asuncion, Sto. Tomas, Kapalong, Carmen, and BE Dujali. Sto. Tomas and Asuncion contribute the largest rice production areas at 4,158 and 3,563 hectares, respectively.

Mono-crop cultivation of corn occupies around 17,221 hectares which are usually the white variety. Total production in 2012 amounted to 21,648 MT valued at PhP267 million. Corn is produced in sizeable areas in six municipalities/city; New Corella, Asuncion, Kapalong, Talaingod, Santo Tomas and in the Island Garden City of Samal (IGaCoS). There are also areas grown with corn and being intercropped with other commodities like local banana and under coconut.

Figures 12.2-1 and 12.2-2 show the trend in cereal production and area planted in Davao del Norte from 2003 to 2014.

Figure 12.2-1 Trend in Cereal Production, Davao del Norte (2003-2013)

Figure 12.2-2 Trend in Cereal Area Harvested, Davao del Norte (2003-2013)

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Coconut is one of the dominant crops grown in the province. Some 39,650 ha are devoted to coconut production with a total production of 239,635 MT valued at PhP 6,988 million. The Island Garden City of Samal devotes the largest area for coconut production at 16,488 ha, contributing almost half of the total area planted to coconut in the Province.

Fruit tree growing is also feasible in the Province. Two banner fruit tree crops with export potentials are being promoted for commercial and orchard production because of strong income potential and suitability to the soil and climatic condition of the province. Mango is highly suitable in the soil type of corraline limestone typically found in the Island Garden City of Samal, some parts of Panabo City and some upland areas in the mainland. Mango and durian are grown in 2,899 and 949 hectares, respectively. Total mango production amounted to 2,708 MT valued at PhP157 million while durian contributed PhP257 million.

Vegetables and spices occupied a total of 1,970 hectares with production in 2012 valued at PhP 119 million.

Table 12.2-1 Crop Area, Production, Average Yield, and Value of Production, By Crop, Davao del Norte (2012)

Averages 2012 Farm Area Ave. Estimated value Crops Production Gate Price Harvested Yield (Php’000) (MT) per kg (ha) (MT/ha) Rice 33,053 133,471 4.04 14.85 1,982,044.35 Irrigated 30,329 125,155 4.13 14.85 1,858,551.75 Rain fed 2,724 8,316 3.05 14.85 123,492.60 Corn 15,537 21,648 1.39 12.36 267,569.28 White 11,672 12,820 1.1 12.36 158,455.20 Yellow 3,865 8,828 2.28 12,16 109,114.08 Coconuts 39,112 239,635 6.13 29.16 6,987,770.01 Banana 35,603 1,537,831 100.6 30.063 10,897,728.89 Bungulan 17 257 15.09 - - Cavendish 28,772 1,472,762 51.19 7.093 10,446,299.38 Lakatan 1,396 12,311 8.82 10.66 131,237.50 Latundan 990 4,262 4.3 6.15 26,209.27 Saba/Cardaba 4,378 47,724 10.9 6.16 293,982.74 Others 50 515 10.3 - - Mango 1,545 2,708 1.75 58.3 157,875.85 Durian 2,375 10,747 4.53 23.95 257,396.64 Papaya 80 1,692 21.15 21.15 35,783.26 Coffee 1,086 1,156 1.06 56.45 65,269.75 Cacao 936 347 0.37 59.2 20,516.94 Vegetables & spices 1,970 7,273 71.97 341.4 119,007.63 Mongo Eggplant 532 466 0.89 79.55 37,091.78

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Tomato 345 668 1.94 8.21 5,486.50 Pechay 21 72 3.41 43.75 3,133.38 Ampalaya 51 394 7.74 18.77 7,404.58 Chayote 67 281 4.19 20.26 5,691.64 Gourd 28 116 4.14 18.77 2,175.44 Okra 155 916 5.91 7.51 6,880.81 Squash fruit 54 137 2.54 10.75 1,473.83 Ginger 160 1,298 8.11 4.43 5,749.39 Pepper 30 128 4.28 12.46 1,600.11 String beans 30 49 1.64 36.14 1,773.75 Onion leeks 392 2,219 5.66 10.41 23,097.81 Patola 22 136 6.19 70.39 9,590.64 Raddish 46 213 4.64 - - Cucumber 14 103 7.35 48.52 4,989.80 23 77 3.34 37.38 2,868.17 Rootcrops 1,226 8,215 26.93 39.21 64,055.69 Camote 749 3,742 5 10.41 38,953.80 Cassava 429 3,004 7 5.48 16,460.66 Gabi 41 371 9.04 23.32 8,641.23 Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Davao del Norte for the raw data Provincial Agriculturist’s Office for the estimation of values

12.2.2 Fishery Production

Fish production consists of aquaculture production and production from municipal waters. Aquaculture production pertains to cultivation or growing of fishes in ponds, both the brackish and freshwater resources. Production from municipal waters includes those in inland water bodies and coastal resources (municipal waters delineated up to fifteen (15) kilometers from the coastline).

Table 12.2-2 shows that around 1,678.70 ha are devoted to fish culture. Brackish aquaculture, producing bangus, shrimps, crabs, and other fish species dominate the aquaculture industry occupying a total of 1,265.80 ha. Freshwater fishes like Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias garofinus) are commonly raised in inland fish ponds. Brackish fishponds are commonly found in Tagum City, Panabo City, IGaCoS, and Carmen. Inland fish ponds are found in all municipalities and cities with considerably larger areas like Braulio E. Dujali and Panabo City. Inland water bodies like water impoundments and waterlogged areas are presently developed for the aquaculture industry using net cages.

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Table 12.2-2 Aquaculture Profile of Davao del Norte (2012)

Fishpond Category Municipality/ Brackish Inland Total City Area, No. of Area, No. of Area, No. of ha Farmers ha Farmers ha Farmers Asuncion - - 6.9 41 6.9 41 BEDujali - - 171 57 171 57 Carmen 90 20 71 115 161 135 IGSamal 32 5 1.1 17 33.1 22 Kapalong - - 5 63 5 63 New Corella - - 4.1 22 4.1 22 Panabo City 197.5 22 120 105 317.5 127 Sto. Tomas - - 20.1 241 20.1 241 Tagum City 946.3 182 - - 946.3 182 Talaingod - - 6.5 57 6.5 57 San Isidro - - 7.2 67 7.2 67 Total 1,265.80 229 412.9 785 1,678.70 1,014 Source: PAGRO- Fisheries Division, Davao del Norte

With regard to production, Table 12.2-3 shows that around 2,274 metric tons of fishes are produced yearly from these sources, excluding those caught from open seas and landed in ports outside of the Province. With a limited volume of fish caught, fish requirement of the province is augmented by those coming from Davao City, General Santos City and Davao Oriental fish ports.

Table 12.2-3 Production Data for Fisheries, Davao del Norte (2009-2012)

Commodities 2009 2010 2012 A. Production, MT

1. Municipal Waters

Marine 2,039.53 3,070.83 1,970 Inland 3.46 4.67 3 2. Aquaculture

Freshwater 326.16 356.93 304 Brackish 1,269.79 1,213.42 1,175 B. Marine fish cages 2,339.22 1,991.06 1,706 Source : Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Davao del Norte

12.2.3 Livestock and Poultry

Based on the data from BAS, livestock inventory in the province has remained stable from 2003 to 2014 as shown by Figure 12.2-3. In January 2014, the province has a

Main Report Chapter 12-11 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin total of 23,681 heads of carabao, 14,097 heads of cattle, 47,470 heads of goat and 136,410 heads of swine. Unlike the livestock, poultry inventory has exhibited an erratic trend during the same period as shown in Figure 12.2-4. The inventory for poultry in 2014 registered a total of province has a total inventory of 1,057,980 native chicken, 354,210 broilers, 47,635 layers and 221,468 ducks.

Figure 12.2-3 Trend in Livestock Inventory, Davao del Norte, 2003-2014

Figure 12.2-4 Trend in Poultry Inventory, Davao del Norte (2003-2014)

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12.2.4 Industry

The industry sector in Davao del Norte serves a vital role in providing support to Banana, which is the major crop of the province. Tables 12.2-4 and 12.2-5 present the industry performance of the Province of Davao del Norte for 2012.

Table 12.2-4 Industry Performance for CY 2012, Davao del Norte

Indicators Performance 1. Investments Php 1,776.107 M 2. Employment (jobs created) 8,410 3. Exports in (US$) $ 13.508 M 4. Domestic Sales in PhP Million PhP 193.196 M 938 assisted; 452 5. No. of MSMEs developed/assisted of which are newly assisted

6. Business Name Certificates issued

-New 2,347 -Renewal 396 Source: Department of Trade and Industry, Provincial Office

Table 12.2-5 Top Ten Investments in 2012, Davao del Norte

Company Cost (Php Million) Project Sector

Low cost Real Estate Camella Homes Development 250.373 M housing Dev’t. Financial East West Banking Corporation 187.800 M Bank Institution Display & Transportation Toyota Tagum City, Inc. 40.000 M Service Center Sector Container Hijo International Port Services, Inc. 62.000 M Logistics/Storage Terminal AZ Developers Corporation 18.343 M Subdivision Real Estate Airtrac Agricultural Corporation 18.193 M Agri-business Agriculture Panabo City Procedures 17.458 M - - Concrete GEN2TECH Firebrick Manufacturing product Manufacturing Corporation 15.000 M manufacturer Nestfarm Employees Multipurpose Cooperative 15.171 M Agriculture

Dujali Free Farmers Multipurpose Rice production Cooperative 10.800 M and Marketing Agriculture

Source: Department of Trade and industry, Provincial Office

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• Banana Chips Processing Industry

Among the local banana varieties, processed cardaba contributed much to the economy. Cardaba bananas are processed into chips intended mainly for the export market. Banana chips industry has become part of Davao Region’s top exports, placing 4th on the list with a growth of 29% between 2007 and 2008. The Philippines exports most of the banana chips to the United States contributing around 17% of the total world exports to that country. Some of the important markets of Philippine banana chips include Japan, Taiwan, UK, Germany, Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore.

There are other forms of products into which raw banana can be processed and sold: dried banana chips from Cavendish banana that fail the quality standards are processed into animal feeds and pastes extenders (for plywood, etc.) and banana peelings (from cardaba banana chips) are processed into animal feeds and organic fertilizers.

At present, there are 26 processing plants for banana chips in Mindanao; sixteen of these plants are located in Davao Region, of which six are in Davao del Norte (Table 12.2-6).

Table 12.2-6 Banana Chip Processors, Davao del Norte (2012)

Business Name Location 1. Lucille’s Food Products 55 Sison Subd., Tagum City, Davao del Norte 2. Four Seasons Fruits Purok Durian, Brgy. Apokon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte Corporation 3. Prime Fruits International Brgy. Cuambogan, Tagum City, Davao del Norte 4. Royce Food Corporation Brgy. Magdum, Tagum City, Davao del Norte 5. Prime Xynergies Food Pioneer Avenue, Mankilam, Tagum City, Davao del Norte Corporation 6. Philfruits Premium Purok Tipaz, Magugpo East, Tagum City Source : Department of Trade and Industry, Davao del Norte

Other export products processed from banana are banana sauce (catsup) banana flour, meal and powder. Basing on the export data in 1998, a total of 1,474 metric tons of banana catsup valued at US$ 1.3 million was exported, where its biggest export market is the US capturing almost half of the total export volume followed by Canada, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The banana flour, meal and powder are solely exported to the Japanese market at a volume of 2.2 MT valued at US$ 14,771.

• Trade and Services

The banana industry being the most important player of the economy of the province of Davao del Norte dictates the location and type of investments on services and support industries in the province as well as the strategic alliances and infrastructure facilities needed to sustain its growth. The Department of Trade and Industry provided information on trade and services, by city and municipality in the province for CY 2012 with the use of their data on Business Name Registration for the said year (Table 12.2-7).

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Table 12.2-7 Total Trade and Services, Davao del Norte (2012)

No. of LGU Investments Employment Establishments Asuncion 106 25,060,800.00 285 Carmen 20 19,517,630.00 175 BE Dujali 20 3,057,800.00 27 Kapalong 242 59,009,500.00 474 New Corella 48 9,535,000.00 162 Panabo City 307 73,425,388.00 748 Sto. Tomas 284 38,241,500.00 492 Tagum City 1,093 229,396,720.70 2,222 Talaingod 32 4,717,500.00 68 San Isidro 19 2,275,000.00 32 Island Garden City 131 29,727,000.00 235 of Samal Davao del Norte 2,302 493,963,838.70 4,920 Source: Department of Trade and Industry

Tagum City, being the center for trade and commerce of the province has the most number of establishments and the most number of employed persons generated for the year. This is being followed by Panabo City which is also an emerging business center.

• Wood Industry

Wood industry used to be a major economic contributor of the province and the region as well. By the year 2000, this has dramatically changed with the decline in the supply of wood due to stricter enforcement of selective logging policies imposed in 1987. As a consequence, importation of logs increased to augment the supply of many wood processors.

There was always a strong domestic market demand for wood. Its steady stream of revenues came from the construction industry, which needs lumber, woodworks, and other wood by-products for construction purposes. The Department of Education (DepEd) on the other hand, has a yearly requirement for desks, tables and chairs. Likewise, wood pallets being used in the banana industry is estimated at 60,000 pieces per month. These pallets while marketed domestically are also found in the export market as packaging materials for export banana and other goods.

In 2012, a total of 90 permits were issued by the DENR for wood industry in Davao del Norte (Table 12.2-8). Wood processing plants operated to address the demand of wood by the banana industry. It was noted that the demand of the banana industry alone could not be supplied by the existing forest production in the province, hence nearby provinces also participated in the market.

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Table 12.2-8 Wood Industries by Type of Permit, Davao del Norte (2012)

Type of Permits Number

3 Plywood/Veneer/Board. Regular Sawmill 1 Mini Sawmill 22

60 Lumber Dealer Lumber Dealer with Re-Saw 2 Chopsticks/Woodworking 1

Log Dealer 1

Total 90 Source: DENR Tagum City

• Mineral Deposits and Quarrying Industry

Davao del Norte is endowed with rich deposits of non-metallic minerals like guano, marble, limestone and others. As shown in the Table 12.2-9, the province has a total reserve of 8,626,200.00 metric tons of non-metallic minerals.

The province also has an abundant source of high quality grade sand & gravel, a major construction component material. As of 2012, a total production of 564,740 with taxes collected in the amount of PhP 4,781,152.66 (Tables 12.2-10 and 12.2-11). The extraction of sand & gravel is one of the major income generating industries in the province where it was able to contribute a total of Php 15,937,176.53 to local revenues for CY 2012 (Table 12.2.4-8).

Table 12.2-9 Non-Metallic Mineral Reserves, Davao del Norte

Non-Metallic Location Total Reserve (MT) Minerals Guano Phospate Samal & Talikud Is. 112,400.00 Rock Phospate Samal & Talikud Is. 43,800.00 Sand & Gravel Provincewide 600,000.00 Marble Deposit Kapalong 35,000.00 Limestone/Lime Kapalong 7,800,000.00 Raw Magnesite Kapalong 35,000.00 Total 8,626,200.00 Source: DENR & PENRO

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Table 12.2-10 Annual Production of Sand & Gravel and Earth Fill, Davao del Norte (2009-2012)

Annual Production (Cu. M) Location 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Carmen 45,594.5 27,145.0 51,265 62,180 186,184.50 Kapalong 53,523.0 31,192.0 21,435 46,085 152,235.00 Panabo 20,366.5 84,549.5 44,348.5 34,072.5 City 183,337.00 Sto. 12,671.5 38,224.0 14,005.0 7,520.0 Tomas 72,420.50 Tagum 394,647 172,864.0 168,137.5 150,406.5 City 886,055.00 Talaingod 1,000.0 0 0 1,210 2,210.00 Asuncion 0 0 3,900.0 22,690 26,590.00 New 330 0 0 222.5 Corella 552.50 IGACOS 4,560 4,560.00 Total 395,755.0 284,828.0 268,824.5 564,740 1,514,147.50 Source: DENR and PENRO

Table 12.2-11 Revenues from Sand & Gravel and Earthfill Extraction Davao del Norte (2012)

Gross Income Share on taxes Total Location from Extraction Brgy (40%) Province Production (PhP) Mun/City (30%) (30%) Carmen 62,180.0 1,756,472.90 1,229,531.03 526,941.87 Kapalong 46,085.0 1,661,611.40 1,163,127.98 498,483.42 Panabo City 20,366.5 783,331.80 548,332.26 234,999.54 Sto. Tomas 12,671.5 297,000.00 207,900.00 89,100.00 Tagum City 394,647.0 10,689,517.80 7,482,662.46 3,206,855.34 Asuncion 22,690.0 88,750.00 62,125.00 26,625.00 New Corella 330.0 259,575.00 181,702.50 77,872.50 IGACOS 4,560.0 260,375.00 182,262.50 78,112.50 Talaingod 1,210.0 79,566.63 55,696.64 23,869.99 San Isidro - 30,000.00 21,000.00 9,000.00 B.E. Dujali - 30,975.00 21,682.50 9,292.50 Total 564,740.00 15,937,175.53 11,156,022.87 4,781,152.66 Source: PENRO and PTO

Due to the demand of quarry resources, the permittees have engaged in selling quarry materials to other buyers coming from other provinces. Only sand and gravel materials are transported outside the province, while filling materials like soil or mountain mix are consumed by local markets in the province. The volume transported outside the province is very minimal likewise it could not affect the local demand. Compostela Valley Province and Davao City have also existing permits in the same riverbeds that can be found along the rivers of Hijo and upper Lasang. Tagum City transported the most volume of sand and gravel to

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Davao City. The transported quarry materials to Davao City have reached 31,645 metric tons for 2012; likewise quarry transported to Compostela Valley Province reached 20,587.5 metric tons (Table 12.2-12).

Table 12.2-12 Volume of Sand and Gravel Transported Outside The Province of Davao del Norte (2012)

Volume of Sand and Gravel Location Transported (MT) Davao City Compostela Valley Carmen 15,440 0 Kapalong 0 0 Panabo City 1,120 0 Sto. Tomas 0 0 Tagum City 15,085 20,587.5 Total 31,645 20,587.5 Source: PENRO-LGU, Davao del Norte

• Tourism Industry

The tourism industry in the province is classified as beach, agri and eco-cultural tourism. There are three identified major areas of destination in the province, namely; a) the Island Garden City of Samal with its white sand beaches, diving sites and water sports, b) the vast banana plantations in the mainland; and c) a highland journey in nature and culture to include waterfalls, springs, lakes at the municipalities of Kapalong, New Corella, San Isidro and the Ata-Manobo Cultural Village in the highland municipality of Talaingod.

• Employment Generation

In terms of employment generation, services posted the highest contribution at PhP 223,821,797.60 representing 45.31%. This was followed by trading with PhP 131,033,576 or 26.52%. Other sectors that generate employment in the province are agriculture and banana (Table 12.2-13).

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Table 12.2-13 Sectoral Contributions to Employment Generation by Industry, Davao del Norte (2011)

Sectoral Contributions Sector % Share (PhP) Agriculture 30,830,000.00 6.00 Aqua Marine 3,100,000.00 1.00 Banana 54,676,000.00 11.00 Ceramics 165,000.00 .03 Chemicals 5,000.00 .001 Coconut 922,000.00 .186 Construction & construction materials 18,067,130.00 3.65 Food Processing 6,652,000.00 1.34 Garments 25,000.00 .005 Goldsmith 1,311,685.00 .26 Gifts, Toys & Housewares 280,000.00 .05 ICT 13,214,650.00 2.67 Metalcrafts 750,000.00 .15 Services 223,821,797.60 45.31 Tourism 7,150,000.00 1.44 Trading 131,033,576.00 26.52 Wood 1,990,000.00 .40 Source : Department of Trade and Industry

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Chapter 13 Institutional Framework and Physical Structure Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 13 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE

13.1 INTRODUCTION

The development of communities in the inland areas started with along the rivers. The common denominator is water and its source as well as the adjacent land resources. Rainfall on the head waters and flat land flowing through runoff channels ultimately finds its way to the river and forms part of the drainage area that stretch to the coast that comprises river basin.

The trend of watershed and water resources development uses the river basin as the basic area for planning and delineation on the extent of climate change adaptation and mitigation management. Initial guidelines for watershed and water resources development adapted that projects shall be undertaken as practicably possible on a comprehensive and integrated view using the river basin approach. The country contains eighteen major river basins based on hydrological boundaries, and one of them is the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin in south-eastern Mindanao.

13.2 OBJECTIVE

The general objective is to focus on the requisites of a clear-cut institutional framework and a functional physical structure in the management of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin.

Specific objectives are the following: a) Report a brief situationer on the present institutional and organizational system/needs of river basins in national and TLRB level; b) Share concepts, principles, functions and good practices of a sustainable river basin organization; and c) Present institutional and management options in the management of the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin.

13.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUSTAINABLE RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATION

The following principles will guide policy and decision makers in the crafting of the institutional framework and physical structure suitable for the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin.

13.3.1 General Principles of Integrated River Basin Management

The principles were derived through review of material published on current IRBM, past practices and literature on evaluation of river basin management.

Principle 1: Engagement of and ownership by relevant decision-makers. River basin management design is enhanced if relevant river basin decision-makers own the process and participate under a formal, contractual arrangement, rather than ad-hoc, voluntary arrangements.

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Principle 2: Improved river basin management design. Sound scientific information guides effective integrated river basin management. It should describe resource condition and trend, the causes of resource degradation and the likely impacts of resource management options. Economic analysis and social impact assessment should be used to provide ex-ante and ex-post evaluations of river basin management plan.

Principle 3: Application of diverse institutional arrangements. There are many institutional arrangements to enact IRBM. These include cost-sharing programs, tradable discharge permits and voluntary actions, as well as more regulatory practices such as environmental regulation, zoning laws and environmental standards for best practice.

Principle 4: Clear definition of the role and structure of the river basin organization (RBO). An RBO requires a clear management role and jurisdiction which involves:

• A skills-based, independent membership of its board of directors/oversight group;

• A democratic process - members elected by the regional community;

• An accountability procedure of its management departments - reporting to an independent board of directors;

• Being linked to high levels of government for political influence and support; and

• Responsible for the core basin management business of social and economic inventories of the river basin, management of river basin information, provision of resource management planning guidelines to Local Government, implementation of plans of action and co-ordination of other agencies’ actions in the river basin.

Principle 5: Strong river basin advocacy. Strong leadership drives successful river basin management. Individual advocates and organizations with a strong river basin advocacy are needed to engage both willing and resistant resource managers.

Principle 6: Prioritizing actions. River basin management will be more likely to succeed when short-term actions (say within three years) are implemented, visible results change the landscape, and water quality improves. This requires clear identification of these actions and immediate commitment to action by river basin managers. These actions need to be specified within a River Basin Management Plan. It is unlikely that this Plan will develop within a short time period; so interim river basin management actions should be designed and implemented immediately. Longer term river basin management planning can commence simultaneously with a goal of developing an agreed, cost- shared plan of action in three year’s time.

Principle 7: Accountability. A process of accountability is required to monitor the effectiveness of a river basin management plan and the organization responsible for its implementation. This task can be implemented at the commencement of a river basin management plan and be linked to a river basin-based State of the Environment report. In this way regular reports (say every 2 years) chart the progress of river basin health, using critical water quality and ecosystem indicators.

Principle 8: Local Government partnerships for effective implementation. Local government has a key role to play in local governance - decisions which can have a more immediate impact on resource conditions. Planning and local zoning mechanisms are useful tools which to implement broader river basin management goals.

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Principle 9: Integrating functions for collaboration. Lack of coordination between and within government agencies, NGOs, the general public and locally and regionally significant water stakeholders is a constant problem in IRBM. The solution lies in identifying collaboration mechanisms and driving collaboration throughout the RBO and with and between its strategic stakeholders.

13.3.2 Functions of the Integrated River Basin Management Organization

There are several RBO functions at both the international and national levels, depending on the context of natural resources management and environmental planning. The following is a list of possible functions:

1) Regional natural resources management planning. This includes policies and plans for management of land and water resources across the river basin. The plans set out the strategic approach to natural resources management required in the river basin, including:

. An appraisal and evaluation of natural resources and their condition and trends;

. An analysis of community needs;

. Sub-catchment goals;

. Sub-catchment implementation guidelines;

. Details of cost-sharing programs for on-ground works and other actions;

. Details of a monitoring program; and

. Appendices which describe special catchment management issues, areas, management techniques

2) Coordination mechanisms. RBOs have a fundamental role to coordinate decision- making about natural resources management. These include planning, conflict resolution and communication tools.

3) Social data and information. An RBO requires data on the demography, social networks and human resources of the basin, which are best presented in a basin atlas. The data provides information to assist basin management decision-making, information such as the capacity of resource managers to change, the trends and causes of demographic change in the basin, and the adoption rates by resource users of best management options. Effective basin organizations develop ex-ante and ex-post social impact assessment procedures for implementing basin management plans and will require data sets to monitor the condition and trend of the social decision environment.

13.4 REVIEW OF APPROACHES IN IRBM

A river basin organization (RBO) is defined in this report as a societal entity created to manage, develop or monitor natural water resources in a large watershed. RBO’s vary considerably in form and function and there are many types of basin organizations in the world today.

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13.4.1 Types of river basin organizations

Type 1: Advisory Committee - A formalized or quasi-formal organization in which individuals take responsibility for undertaking action planning and provide advice; governments ‘hand over’ strategic planning to such organizations; they frequently have no or limited legal jurisdiction. Examples include:

• Fitzroy Basin Association, Eastern Australia; and

• Verde Watershed Association, South-Western USA

Type 2: Authority - An organization which makes planning decisions at a central or regional government level may set and enact regulations, or have development consent authority; authorities are founded on democratic principles and a framework of law to which all relevant individuals and institutions are subject in a basin setting. Examples include:

• Grand River Conservation Authority, South-eastern Canada;

• Niger Basin Authority, West Africa;

• Tennessee Valley Authority, Central-eastern USA;

• Laguna Lake Development Authority; and

• Cagayan River Basin Authority (proposed)

Type 3: Association - Similar to an Advisory Committee, this is an organization of like- minded individuals and groups with a common interest. In a river basin they have varying roles: providing advice, stimulating basin awareness, education and ownership of basin natural resources management issues; educational functions and information exchange. An example is the Missouri River Basin Association, Midwest USA

Type 4: Commission - An organization which is delegated to consider natural resources management matters and/or take action on those matters. A basin commission’s powers vary and include advisory/education roles, monitoring roles, undertaking works, fulfilling goals of a specific government’s charter or an international agreement. A formal statement of a command or injunction normally institutes commissions by government to manage land and water resources. Commissions may also have regulatory powers. Examples include:

• Delaware Basin Commission, North-eastern USA;

• Great Lakes Commission, North America;

• International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River;

• International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine , Western Europe;

• Lake Chad Basin Commission, Central Africa;

• Mekong River Commission, South-east Asia;

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• Murray-Darling Basin Commission, South-eastern Australia;

• North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, South-eastern USA;

• Ohio River Water Sanitation Commission, Central- northern USA;

• Tarim Basin Water Resources Commission, Western China; and

• Agno River Basin Commission, Philippines

Type 5: Council - A formal group of experts, government ministers, politicians, NGOs and lay people brought together on a regular basis to debate matters within their sphere of basin management expertise, and with advisory powers to government. A council is contrasted with a commission, which, although also a body of experts, is typically given regulatory powers in addition to a role as advisor to the government. An example is the Fraser Basin Council, western Canada - North-western USA, Regional Development Councils, Philippines.

Type 6: Corporation - A legal entity, created by legislation, which permits a group of people, as shareholders (for-profit companies) or members (non-profit companies), to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set objectives, and empowered with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individuals, such as to sue and be sued, own property, hire employees or loan and borrow money. Also known as a "company”. The primary advantage of a for-profit corporation is that it provides its shareholders with a right to participate in the profits (by dividends) without any personal liability because the company absorbs the entire liability of the organization. Examples include:

• Damodar Valley Corporation, Northern India; and

• The former Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation, Australia

Type 7: Tribunal - A basin entity which has formalized procedures and quasi-judicial powers; a heavy emphasis on bureaucratic decision making; stakeholders may formally participate through hearings; major decisions are taken by independent bodies, like a water pricing tribunal. A Tribunal acts as a special court outside the civil and criminal judicial system that examines special problems and makes judgments, for example, a water tribunal, which resolves disputes between water users. Very few such entities exist purely for river basins management purposes but rather for special purposes, for example, government pricing tribunals. Some tribunals have specific water functions which are a component of a broader river basin's management process, where an RBO may or may not exist. These entities have limited traditional powers of civil government and do not report to other government agencies, except where a local government body may oversee entities such as ‘country’ drainage districts, which charges for water. They play an important role in developed countries and many developing countries. An example is the Valencia Water Court, Spain.

Type 8: Trust - A trust is legal device used to set aside money or property of one person for the benefit of one or more persons or organizations. It is an organization which undertakes river basin works; develops and implements a strategic plan; its mandate is to be the river basin ‘advocate’; it co-ordinates local programs through Memoranda of Understanding or other agreements; it raises local levies (funds) for its works and programs. A Trust keeps monies raised in ‘trust’ for the benefits of its citizens. An

Main Report Chapter 13-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin example is the former Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Trust (now part of the Sydney Catchment Authority), South-eastern Australia.

Type 9: Federations/Consortium - A collaboration of organizations or departments within one government or between state and national governments to establish and undertake actions for river basin management. Governance actions at various levels (national, state and local) include: agreements on water sharing and water quality management, shared statements of intent; shared policy development; information exchange; joint actions for management of ecosystem degradation. Collaboration is expressed in terms of framework directives, cost-sharing arrangements, joint statements of intent, partnerships, joint programs and agreed policy. Examples include:

• International Network of Basin Organizations; Global, based in France;

• Chesapeake Bay Commission and the Chesapeake Bay Agreement, USA;

• Council of Great Lakes Governors and the Great Lakes Basin Water Resources Compact, North America; and

• European Commission – Water Framework

13.4.2 Performance indicators of good practices in IRBM

Indicators of the effectiveness of river basin management organizations have been developed through several means. In the past, these were done through ex-ante basin planning assessments and post audits. Recent work, however, focuses on the use of biophysical data and compliance program data to construct indicator sets. Similar work in South Africa highlights the need for a cross-sectoral approach, selecting a range of indicators for sustainable development for catchment management. The Murray-Darling Basin Commission used Key Result Areas to evaluate program objectives ex-post (Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council 2005). This procedure requires evidence to be found for specific program area objectives.

Performance indicators proposed by Hooper (2006) as a result of his synthesis of 115 indicators of best practices in integrated river basin management are as follows.

1) Coordinated decision-making – the use of coordination mechanisms between and within agencies and basin organizations; consensus based decision-making; links between local water institutions and a basin organization; how relevant sectoral interests are engaged;

2) Responsive decision-making – decision processes which adapt to new knowledge and new conditions; promote efficiency; value cross-sectoral dialogue; promote best practices;

3) Goals, goal shift and goal completion – achievement of goals using an integrated approach;

4) Financial sustainability – evidence of ongoing financial support, cost-sharing, transparency; innovative water pricing and demand management;

5) Organizational design – the use of democratic processes; evidence of stable international agreements and evidence of national water policy conducive to river

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basin management; use of organizational structures which fit basin needs and avoid fragmentation;

6) Role of law – the existence of laws which support river basin management; laws characterized by strong and flexible arrangements;

7) Training and capacity building – the use of ongoing training and capacity building of staff relevant to basin needs;

8) Information and research – the existence of a knowledge system to aid decision- making, protocols to share information, and a culture of research-knowledge links;

9) Accountability and monitoring – evidence that basin organizations are accountable to constituent governments and citizens; use of transparent reporting mechanisms

10) Private and public sector roles – evidence of stakeholder participation; clear specification of roles of private and public sector

13.5 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SITUATIONER

Institutions and agencies involved in water resource use and management at regional, and local level were observed, such as their responsibilities, capabilities and relationships. Existing plans and other relevant information for the River Basin were collected and studied. A discussion with implementing agencies of the mechanisms for sustainable management of plan activities was undertaken.

In particular, institutional assessment covers a review of the planning process itself, plan implementation, monitoring, and plan evaluation. From this institutional assessment, overlaps and duplication of responsibilities for addressing key Basin issues such as flooding, water quality control and irrigation management were studied to determine whether the water managers are working in a mutually supportive and responsive setting.

Institutional data-gathering cover the provinces and local government units. Selected LGUs were included in the survey particularly those which are directly traversed by the river and those which have experienced and directly affected by river basin’ programs, projects and activities. The institutional survey protocol were sent to the offices of the Provincial Governors (i.e., attention to the Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator and designated Provincial Environmental and Natural Resources Offices) and other regional offices, while NGOs and People’s Organization (POs) were identified from the list of stakeholders. An inventory of local government units within the river basin were undertaken to assess the need for capacity development in relation to the River Basin Master Plan implementation and within the framework of co-management of natural resources.

The relevant institutions for river basin in managing water, land, and related resources consists of national, regional and local government bodies, while the national agencies work through their regional field offices and special projects.

1) Current Institutional Set-Up in National Water Resources Management

The major components of Water Resources Management in the Philippines are vested in the mandates of several agencies of government. Water resources management is, in particular, divided into three program areas; namely, (a) watershed management; (b) water resources planning (inclusive of water resources

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assessment); and (c) water quality and sanitation. Watershed management is led by the DENR and assisted by the NIA, Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM), NPC, WDs and LGUs. Water resources planning is shared by NEDA, National Water Resources Board (NWRB), inter-agency committees at the national level; Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) and provincial governments at the regional level; MWSS, LWUA, DPWH, NIA, DILG, and DA at the sub-sector level. Water resources assessment is a complementary effort of NWRB, Bureau of Research and Standard (BRS), PAGASA, LWUA, and NPC. Water Quality and Sanitation is a collaborative undertaking of DOH, EMB and its Environmental Health and Sanitation (EHS) Section with support provided by MWSS and LWUA. To reiterate, the NWRB acts as the primary agent of the State in matters pertaining to the control, supervision and regulation of the use, exploitation, development and protection of its water resources. NWRB is able to administer and enforce suitable policies and directions in appropriate water resources management scenarios. There are other agencies as actively involved in Water Resources Managment although the nature of their involvement may be of a different dimension.

For the past years, the national government has steadfastly pursued its dedication to developing a regime of efficient WRM. This is evident in several events of starting with the commissioning of special water studies in 1993, the Water Summit (1994), the Water Crisis Act (1995), and the Presidential Task Force on Water Resources Development and Management or PTFWRDM (1996). In between, several studies of paramount impact to the sector run a parallel course in a bid to fully rationalize the sector and revitalize it as to both the efficiency of its system and sufficiency of its service resources.

2) Regional and Local Government Organizations

The membership of the Regional Development Council (RDC) consists of NEDA regional directors, national line agencies, governors of the member provinces, mayors of the chartered cities and non-government organizations. The RDC has the capability to integrate programs of agencies within the development strategies of the region.

Sectoral agencies are decentralized at the regional and provincial level in varying degrees and in some instances the planning, programming and decision making of development projects may be done by concern regional agencies.

Provincial government has powers to generate development funds and work with in partnership with national agencies and other entities in improving social conditions and development of infrastructures as provided in the decentralized local government code.

Municipal and barangay governments are the local population, which are the usual target beneficiaries of development projects. Meanwhile, their participation are mostly in the non-monetary items of the project such as cooperative labor and voluntary operations once the project is completed. Furthermore, minimal counterpart funds are usually required while the national or other organizations taking the bigger financial share.

3) The Mindanao Development Authority

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13.6 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT AS PROPOSED IN PREVIOUS MASTER PLAN STUDY

Following a review of existing multi-sector institutions commonly practice in the Philippines, a river basin authority was conceptualized and endorsed by DPWH/JICA in the 2004 master plan document. However, the proposed organization has not been materialized. A brief description of the systems reviewed is explained below.

1) Coordination Committee System - Coordination committee system has been widely applied in the Philippines. The projects, which are of multi-sectors but may be implemented independently in view of project area, funding sources, project implementation period and project functions without much connection among the involved agencies may be implemented by the coordination committee system. Coordination committee may be established with mutual consent of all the agencies concerned.

2) Commission System - Commission system is adopted for Agno River Basin Development Project and Pasig-Marikina Rehabilitation Project at present. Commission system may be applied for such project as multi-sector long-term project needing close cooperation with each other in terms of cost sharing and schedule control for construction of multi-functional projects with different technical and social natures like a river basin development. The Commission may be established by the order of the President.

3) Authority System - The Authority system may be applied to complicated projects and/or programs, which need more comprehensive cooperation and coordination among the agencies concerned. Especially, in case that many sub-projects are simultaneously implemented as components of an overall development projects/ programs, and such projects/ programs requiring longer time for implementation and continuous activities for operation and maintenance like a basin-wide development project, Authority system will be more effective. Authority system has been widely applied in the world like a Tennessee Valley Authority. There are also examples in the Philippines, such as the Laguna Lake Development Authority, National Economic Development Authority, etc. Authority shall be established by legislation in Congress.

13.7 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE FOR THE TAGUM-LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN

13.7.1 Introduction

The institutional framework and physical structure for the Tagum-Libuganon River was crafted as a result of the Consultation Meeting On The “Formulation Of Integrated River Basin Management Policy Guidelines” held in the Office of the Governor, Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City, Davao del Norte on May 20, 2014.

As a basis in deliberation on the formulation of the institutional framework and physical structure to be adapted in the Tagum Libuganon River Basin, the WCI Project Team Leader and the IDM Specialist/Sociologist presented in this consultation meeting a paper and a power point presentation titled “THE URGENT NEED FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS TO ACTIVATE ITS CORPORATE ENTITY AS A REQUISITE TO BE THE PRIMARY IMPLEMENTOR IN THE TAGUM LIBUGANON RIVER BASIN: Emphasis On the Application of the Principles of Ownership and Good Governance in the Institutional Framework and Physical Structure for the Proper Implementation of the Integrated Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan”.

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The output of the aforementioned consultation meeting was presented and deliberated, in plenary, the 2nd Public Synthesis and Consultation Forum held at the BIG 8 Corporate Hotel, Tagum City, Davao del Norte on June 17-18, 2014. Additional enhancement to the presentation was introduced by the Stakeholders. After the deliberation and acceptance of ownership by the Stakeholders in plenary, the final institutional framework and physical structure of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin is now presented in this Report.

13.7.2 Institutional Assessment in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

An assessment of the secondary stakeholders in the TLRB was made to determine factors that may promote or hinder the establishment of an integrated river basin management body. The finding are as follows:

1. There is sufficient technical capability to plan for the appropriate development of Tagum-Lubuganon River Basin. This is seen with the presence of the following planning documents: a. Barangay Development Plans (barangay level) b. Comprehensive Land Use Plans (municipal / provincial level) c. Comprehensive Development Plans (municipal / provincial level) d. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (provincial)

It was observed during field visits that the following planning documents are present at the TLRB. This indicates that there is sufficient technical capability and manpower available to manage programs in the basin. However, it was also observed that the time frame of these documents vary according to the institution. This may hinder an integrated development and management program for the TLRB given the various perspective and mandates of implementing entities.

In addition, there is no planning body or institution dedicated to the TLRB. The existing planning institutions cover both the TLRB and non-TLRB areas. The perspective of these institutions are either LGU-based or institutional mandate based resulting to a fragmented planning instruments (development plans).

2. There is sufficient experience in GO-NGO-PO partnership in program/ project implementation. This is seen in the National Greening Program (NGP) of the DENR, the NIA program with the irrigators associations and the various Councils that cooperate with government agencies in the implementation of government programs. It is also manifested in the involvement of non-government organizations and civil societies in the Planning and Development Councils (PDCs) at the provincial, municipal and barangay levels. The involvement of peoples organizations, non-government organizations and civil societies is enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

3. There is sufficient experience in co-financing / counterparting development programs as can be seen in the MRDP and DAR-ARCP. These foreign assisted programs require LGU co-financing for implementation. The experience shows a willingness and capability to co-finance development programs at the municipal and provincial level.

4. Local environmental ordinances (Provincial Environmental Code) has been enacted providing the legal framework to formulate and implement environment-related programs and projects. Together with the environmental code is the coordinating structure for these programs and projects.

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a. Agusan del Sur Economic and Sustainable Development Committee (ASESDC) b. Davao del Norte Provincial Sustainable Development Committee (DdN PSDC) c. Compostela Valley Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Council (CVPENRC)

5. At the river basin level (inter-regional/ intra-provincial), the DENR Regional Office 11 has initiated the creation of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Management Council (TLRBMC) last 09 May 2013. So far, it has identified 10 committees and created a Technical Working Group composed of Committee Chairpersons. It is also in the process of ratifying a Memorandum of Agreement for the adoption of the Council. The responsibility, roles and function of the Council is not yet well-defined.

6. There is no National Water Resources Board (NWRB) office in the TLRB. The NWRB are represented by Water Districts but there is no technical capability within the water districts to perform the function of the NWRB. As such, there is no existing local dispute resolution mechanism to resolve issues related to water resources development and management in the TLRB.

13.7.3 The Physical Structure of the Governing Body of TLRB

A crucial question that needs to be answered correctly is: Will the governing body of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin be a Project Management Office, a government-owned- and-controlled corporation, a Management Council, or a Coordinating Council?

A Management Organization performs the management functions of decision-making, planning, organizing, staffing, resource generation, resource allocation (budgeting), directing, controlling, among others.

As applied to the Integrated Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan, the Management organization is responsible in directly managing the basin-wide implementation of all the projects identified and listed in the thematic areas, i.e., watershed management, water resources management, river and river delta management, disaster risk reduction management, among others, located within the geographic boundaries of the local government units in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin.

A Coordinating Organization harmonize “professional working relationship” among the players, synchronize activities as a result of monitoring and evaluation, facilitates match up in financial linkaging with outside sources, among others.

In practice, and as applied to the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin, the Coordinating Organization is the “clearing house” for the proper implementation of the Integrated Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan.

The following fundamental guideline and a number of management policies were the basis for the decision of the Stakeholders, in plenary, to merge the management council with the coordinating council.

Determining the Appropriate Physical Structure of the Governing Body for the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin

A fundamental guideline in governmental Organization and Management is the Hierarchical Statement in Development (as presented in Table 13.17-1)

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Table 13.7-1 Hierarchical Statement in Development

Statements Country Level Local Level Policies National Government/ Congress Local Governments/Sanggunian Plans President/NEDA LCEs/PPDOs/MPDOs Programs Departments Departments Projects Identified Regional/Municipal/Barangay Provincial/Municipal/Barangay Tasks Identified Sites Barangay

In the Country Level, Policies emanates from the National Government and/or Congress. Policies are then translated and packaged into a Plan by the President and his/her Cabinet, with the technical assistance of the National Economic Development Authority. A Plan is a document that is a compilation of the national Programs of the Departments of the Executive arm of the Government. Programs are then broken down to Projects, and Projects are split into Tasks. In the Local Level, the same logical sequence of the Hierarchical Statement applies.

The Hierarchical Statement relates appropriately to a merged Coordination Management Council.

The following policies were presented by the Consultants to guide the participants in deciding that a coordination management council is appropriate for the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin.

Management Policies for the Tagum-Libuganon Coordination Management Council:

1. A multi-agency organization, with representation from the local government units, indigenous peoples, the farmers group, the women group, the plantation industries, the business sector, the academe, the religious sector, the police and military sector, the civil society, and other sectors, will act as the over-all coordinating body in the management of the implementation of the Integrated Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan.

2. A lean federal-like form (as in parliamentary form) of organization with the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson appointed by the President of the Philippines from three nominees each, respectively, nominated by the Coordination Management Council members from among themselves. If the Chairperson is from the government sector, the Vice-Chairperson will be from the non-government sector and vice-versa. The Council also operates on the principle of “the present constitutes a quorum” during its meetings.

3. An Executive Committee composed of the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and Technical Working Services Group Chairpersons who will decide on details of coordination, monitoring, and evaluation on a day-to-day basis. Executive Committee decisions will have to be sanctioned by the Coordination Management Council.

4. Following the principle of ownership, the Local Chief Executives of Cities and Municipalities will be voting members of the coordinating body (which may qualify them now to be Primary Stakeholders). It is noted that LCEs are generally elected by the voting population of a geopolitical unit.

5. Following the principle of ownership, representatives from the Primary Stakeholders (IPs, POs; Farmers’ Sector, Women Sector, Fisherfolks, Plantation Industry Sector,

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and Water Districts, among others) will be voting members. Take note that the representatives from the Primary Stakeholders are elected by the sectoral population.

6. A Secretariat that will handle the day-to-day administrative and operational requirement of the Coordination Management Council.

7. A Technical Services Working Group that will provide technical services and support to the Coordination-Management Council.

8. The Department Regional Offices of Region XI and Region XIII will provide technical services to the local government units as the need arises.

Through the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Coordination Management Council, the local government units within the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin will be able to exercise genuine and meaningful local autonomy as provincial and municipal corporations to attain their fullest development as a self-reliant corporate entity with a strong political will to implement the Integrated Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan. Figure 13.7-1 shows the functional structure of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Coordination Management Council. Further, Figure 13.7-2 shows sub structure of the Regional Offices Technical Working Service Group.

Functional Mandate of the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Coordination Management Council

The Tagum-Libuganon Coordination Management Council shall:

1. Coordinate overall planning, budgeting and supervise implementation of programs and projects identified in this master plan; It shall also coordinate implementation of programs and projects identified by other entities (i.e. national agencies, local government units, non-governmental organizations) with the view of improving inter- agency approaches and cooperation in program implementation;

2. Along with its coordinating function, it shall allocate functions and responsibilities as well as resources within its control to other bodies, implementing entities or users with a view to improving stakeholder partnerships and cooperation in program/ project implementation as well as improving multi-purpose water use. As such, it shall perform the function of the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) at the basin level and shall report to the same in regards to water allocation function;

3. Given the spectrum of its membership, it shall perform consultative function with the aim of stakeholder awareness and involvement in program/ project implementation as well as minimizing disputes on water allocation and uses. It shall also be the responsibility of the individual council members to inform and involve the sector they represent in the Council;

4. In consonance with its allocation and consultative function, the TLRB Coordination Management Council shall perform arbitration function in disputes between actors in relation to water use as well as that of other resources of the basin. It shall also perform arbitration function in conflicts relating to program/ project implementation;

5. Monitor and evaluate implementation of programs and projects identified in the TLRB Master Plan as well as other water and environment-related programs and projects implemented in the TLRB. Evaluation will be in the context of the program/ project impact on climate change and the environment;

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6. Harmonize professional and technical relationship in the implementation of projects, both basin-wide and locally, among the diverse members of the Council;

7. Facilitate financial and/or technical linkages between the Council and the Government, the private business/financial sector, and international aid organizations; and

8. Regularly report to and secure approval from higher government authorities on the status of the TLRB and on policy decisions requiring higher authority approval.

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NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairperson Co-Chairperson Technical Working Services Chair NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Regional Offices Technical Working Executive Director, Tagum-Libuganon Services Group (See Sub-Structure) River Basin Secretariat (DENR)

COORDINATION-MANAGEMENT COUNCIL MEMBERS (93) Local Chief Executives of Provinces, Cities & Municipalities (20) Presidents, Provincial Association of Barangay Associations of Davao del Norte & Compostela Valley (2) ABC President of Loreto, Agusan del Sur & Davao City (2) Presidents, Federation of Tribal Councils of Davao del Norte & Compostela Valley (2); President, Municipal Tribal Council of Loreto, Agusan del Sur (1) Presidents, Federation of Peoples Organization of Davao del Sur & Compostela Valley (2) Presidents, Peoples Organization of Loreto, Agusan del Sur & Davao City (2) President, Federation of Irrigators Association of Davao del Norte (1) Presidents, Provincial Agriculture & Fisheries Councils of Davao del Norte & Compostela Valley (2) Representatives from the Women Organizations of Davao del Norte & Compostela Valley (2) Representative from the Banana Plantation Industry (1) Representative from the Water Districts (1) Representative from Tourism Industry (1) Representative from Academe (1) Representatives from the Religious Sector (Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim) (3) President, Integrated Bar of the Philippines -Davao del Norte Chapter (1) President, Davao del Norte Chamber of Commerce (1) Presidents, Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers of Davao del Norte & Compostela Valley (2) President, AGHAM (1) Directors, Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Councils of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, & Agusan del Sur (3) Directors, Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Councils of Asuncion, Kapalong, Tagum City, Santo Tomas, Braulio E. Dujali, and Carmen (6) Commanders, Army Infantry Brigades within the TLRB (2) Provincial Director, Philippine National Police (3) Provincial Planning and Development Coordinators, Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley Province) (2) Chief, PAGASA -Tagum (1) Provincial Agriculture Officers Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley Province (2) Provincial Trade and Industry Officers Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley Province (2) Provincial Tourism Officers Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley Province (2) Provincial Director, Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources (1) Provincial Officer, Davao del Norte Philippines Information Agency (1) Provincial Officers, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (3) District Engineers, National Irrigation Administration (2) District Engineers of the Department of Public Works & Highways within the TLRB (4) Provincial ENROs of Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, Agusan del Sur, & City ENRO of Davao City (4) DENR PE NROs (4) Representatives from MinDA (1) Representatives from NEDA XI and NEDA XIII (2)

S T A K E H O L D E R S

Figure 13.7-1 TLRB Coordination Management Council Functional Structure

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REGIONAL OFFICES TECHNICAL WORKING SERVICES GROUP

Forest Development & Management Industry Development Committee Committee (TCCCII,DTI,WPA,PBGEA,NORAPQUA) (DENR, PENRO-LGU Compostela Valley, PENRO-LGU DDN, MENRO-Loreto, 1 IP CADT Holder Representative

Agriculture and Fishery Committee Knowledge Management Committee

(DA, 2 PLGU-PAGRO, 2 PAFC) (NCIP, USEP, DepEd, Media c/o PIA, DNSC)

Coastal Resource Management Committee Water Resources Management Committee (DENR, DA-BFAR, LGU-Tagum & Carmen, PFARMC) (Tagum WD, NIA, DENR-EMB. DONFIA, LGU-Tagum

Infrastructure and Flood Control Committee Research and Development Committee

st (DPWH, NIA, 2 PLGU-PEO, PICE North (USEP, DENR-ERDS, MinDA, 1 Davao) Congressional District of DDN)

Disaster Risk Reduction Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation Management/Climate Change Committee Adaptation & Mitigation Committee (2 PLGU-PPDO, Diocese of Tagum, (OCD XI, 2 PDRRM C, DILG, PLLENRO) MinDA, BCBP Tagum)

Tourism Development Committee (2 PLGU Tourism, 2 Tourism Council, 1 Loreto Tourism Office)

Figure 13.7-2 Regional Offices Technical Working Services Group Sub-Structure

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Generally, the duties of the Regional Offices Technical Working Services are:

1. Provide technical services corresponding to their expertise to all projects implemented in the River Basin;

2. Recommends to the Council the efficient and cost-effective way of implementing the projects in the River Basin; and

3. Conduct periodic monitoring and evaluation of all projects being implemented in the River Basin and report the same to the Council as inputs to decision-making.

Specifically, the functions of the different committees as identified by the TLRB-TWG are as follows:

1) Forest Development & Management Committee a. Formulate/ recommend policies, plans, programs and activities b. Review, check, monitor different stakeholders’ projects c. Promote the rehabilitation/ restoration of forest cover d. Link/ collaborate with different stakeholders e. Submit Committee report

2) Industry Development Committee a. Identify the industry and investment for the development of the Tagum- Libuganon River Basin b. Regulate the existing businesses such as quarrying, wood processing, mining and expansion of banana plantation that would not destroy the environment c. Identify a pilot project that would serve as a model

3) Agriculture and Fishery Committee a. To identify/recommend policies and strategies to improve agricultural and fishery productivity. b. To promote good agricultural practices (GAP) and organic farming. c. To establish linkages/collaboration with LGUs, rural based organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders as partners in agricultural & fishery development.

4) Knowledge Management Committee a. Recommend information dissemination on the importance of the Tagum- Libuganon River on its economic and ecological relevance to its member stakeholders. b. Recommend to the member LGU’s on the establishment and strengthening of their data-bank focus on the resource assessment of the rivers flora and fauna including the water quality. c. To forge coordination and cooperation of information offices of Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, and Tagum City to come up with plans, projects, and activities to raise public awareness and understanding of the situation of Tagum-Liboganon River Basin as well promote efforts geared towards nurturing it. d. Recommend programs which are more likely to succeed like the conditions for growth in agriculture and related community development needs and open for possibility of establishment of linkages and address needed technical assistance in terms of trainings and information dissemination, and data banking.

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e. Recommend and facilitate interplay and nurture synergies within a total information system community involving research, education, and vast complex of information, such as: i. Facilitate direct exchanges between agri-industries, farmers, and local people on problems that affect the river ecosystem ii. Facilitate knowledge exchange on conservation and management of the river f. To cause the pooling together of resources of stakeholders LGU information offices to communicate, disseminate pertinent public information on TLRB using various medium to reach targeted audience.

5. Coastal Resource Management Committee a. Formulate/ recommend policies, programs and projects for the appropriate utilization of coastal areas b. Formulate guidelines for a comprehensive approach to managing impacts of development and other activities on coastal areas c. Gather relevant data and monitor impact of development to support coastal habitat rehabilitation and development

6. Water Resources Management Committee a. Recommends appropriate actions/projects on case-to-case basis such as, but not limited to the ff: • Identification/delineation and protection of water resource zones (spaces for water) • Promote the concept of giving legal personality to the river system and TLRBC as steward • Promote and observe the principles of integrated water resource management (IWRM) in the utilization/extraction of water resources • Periodic characterization and inventory of water resources (qualitative and quantitative) • Document indigenous knowledge (IKs), customs and culture on water resources for sharing to present and future generations b. Recommend Periodic monitoring of Water Quality • Site Identification • Water Sampling • Water Analysis for Laboratory c. Recommend Inventory of water users/ usage (Industrial, Agricultural, Domestic, Commercial and etc)

7. Infrastructure and Flood Control Committee a. Recommends to Execom appropriate PAPs on infrastructure and flood control concerns b. Monitor status of PAPs implementation within the Basin c. Develop and Adopt-A-Riverbank and Plant and Grow Projects (Tree Nurturing Program) Program d. Coordinate implementation of infra projects e. Monitor riverbank development through concerned barangays f. Promote bio-engineering technology to address climate change g. Promote river transport system, farm-to-market road systems h. Promote activities such as periodic river clean-ups i. Deliberate infra and flood control concerns

8. Research and Development Committee

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a. Review and recommend research based on needs b. Establish linkages/ network with other research institutions c. Review and recommend extension programs d. Participate in a research related activities pertaining to river basins e. Establish R&D Framework for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

9. Disaster Risk Reduction Management/Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation Committee a. Plans and recommends policies, projects and activities to reduce the risks and effects of disaster among vulnerable communities along TLRB areas. b. Coordinate & organize stakeholders in the implementation of the approved DRR CCA plans, projects and activities. c. Recommend the establishment of local weather monitoring and information system. d. Assist in coordinating with pool of experts to provide scientific basis in crafting policies, etc.

10. Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation Committee a. Assists and /or facilitates in the preparation of plans and programs for TLRB; b. Reviews and consolidates all plans and programs of Council members relating to TLRB operations; c. Source information and maintains relevant data bases concerning TLRB d. Monitor and evaluate programs, projects and activities implemented by Council members on TLRB initiatives (as to the achievement of outcomes and/or impacts. Council members are required to submit regularly their PPA accomplishment reports, assessing output performances). e. Prepare relevant reports

11. Public Safety and Security Committee a. Formulate guidelines for the implementation of identified TLRB programs and projects in security risk zones; b. Implement measures to protect program assets i.e. reforested areas, protection forests, social infrastructure and others, as mandated by respective agencies. c. Prepare policies, guidelines, programs and projects for the creation of Environmental Police Units.

Executive Director

Deputy Executive Director

Administrative Planning GIS Coordination, Division Division Division Monitoring & Evaluation Division

Figure 13.7-3 Organizational Chart of the TLRB Secretariat

Main Report Chapter 13-19 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Generally, the TLRB Secretariat will provide administrative and technical support to the TLRB Coordination Management Council. It will be composed of the Office of the Executive Director/ Deputy Executive Director, Administrative Division, Planning Division, Geographic Information System Division and the Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation Division.

The specific functions of the four divisions are as follows:

1) Administrative Division a. Provide Secretariat support to the TLRB Coordination Management Council; b. Properly record and safeguard all proceedings of the meetings of the Council; c. Handles all administrative aspect of Secretariat operation; d. Performs other duties as may be assigned.

2) Planning Division a. Acts as lead division in the preparation of agenda folders/ dossiers for TLRB ExeCom and Council meetings, b. Conducts pre- and post program/ project evaluation of all programs to be implemented in the TLRB as a basis of assessing its impact on the basin, the environment and climate change; c. Performs other duties and functions as may be assigned.

3) Geographic Information System Division a. Prepare and update relevant maps of the TLRB; b. Establish and maintain a database for the TLR; c. Performs other duties and functions as may be assigned.

4) Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation Division a. Acts as lead secretariat for TLRB ExeCom meetings; b. Maintains liaison and gather relevant information/ data on on-going programs and projects in the TLRB; c. Prepares risk assessment on possible conflict/ disputes between and among programs implemented in the TLRB as well as conflict/ disputes between programs and stakeholders; d. Conducts coordination meeting between and among TLRB implementing entities and stakeholders on possible conflict situation during program implementation; e. Performs other duties and functions as may be assigned.

13.8 GENDER ACTION PLAN

Introduction

Women and men share different roles and responsibilities with respect to water use and management. Generally, in the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin (TLRB), women regard water in relation to its domestic use. These includes potable water for household use and domestic water for laundry and garden irrigation. On the other hand, men regard water in relation to its productive use. These include the use of water for irrigating croplands and for fishery purposes. These differing roles influence interactions with resources and how changes in the resources impact women and men differently. It is important to

Main Report Chapter 13-20 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin understand these gender roles, and develop action plans to reduce any possible conflict or negative impact of the difference on the use of water.

Incorporating gender perspectives into the programs and projects in the TLRB is thus an important consideration. Experience from the World Bank has demonstrated that incorporating gender dimensions into project design and implementation improves the overall project performance. The following lessons learned were documented in the World Bank Tool-kit on Gender and Sanitation:

Lesson 1: Gender is a central concern in water and sanitation. Lesson 2: Ensuring both women’s and men’s participation improves project performance. Lesson 3: Specific, simple mechanisms must be created to ensure women’s involvement. Lesson 4: Attention to gender needs to start as early as possible. Lesson 5: Gender analysis is integral to project identification and data collection. Lesson 6: A learning approach is more gender-responsive than a blueprint approach. Lesson 7: Projects are more effective when both women’s and men’s preferences about “hardware” are addressed. Lesson 8: Women and men promote project goals through both their traditional and non-traditional roles. Lesson 9: Non-governmental organizations and especially women’s groups can facilitate a gender-balanced approach. Lesson 10: Gender-related indicators should be included when assessing project performance.

It is in the context of these lessons and the analysed gender roles in the TLRB that this Gender Action Plan is prepared.

Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Vision/ Mission and Gender Goal Statement

Vision Statement: “An ecologically-balanced River Basin sustained by God-centered, culturally bound, socio-economically empowered and resilient communities.”

Mission Statement: “We, the stakeholders of the River Basin committed to uphold the laws of the land and implement the Tagum-Libuganon River Basin Master Plan for the betterment of the communities by the year 2030”

Gender Goal Statement: “Visible and pronounced gender participation in the decision- making processes and program/ project implementation.”

Main Report Chapter 13-21 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 13.8-1 Activities and Performance Indicators

Activity Targets/ Performance Indicators Year Output 1. Systems and capacity for integrated and participatory river basin management established 1. Establishment of TLRB Coordination a. TLRB Coordination Management Council 2015 Management Council, ExeCom, Regional established with at east 30% women and 5% IP Technical Working Groups and Secretariat with representation from the diverse communities of participation of women and marginalized sector the basin. in both leadership and non-leadership positions. b. TLRB ExeCom established with at least 25% 2015 women participation c. TLRB TWG established with at least 35% 2015 women representation d. TLRB Secretariat established with at least 25% 2015 women representation in the technical level and 35% representation in the staff level 2. Conduct of Advocacy (IEC) and community a. Community fora conducted with at least 35% of 2015 consultation activities.. total attendance from the women sector - b. Tri-media (radio/ TV/ Print) advocacy materials 2030 prepared with at least 40% of all campaign materials targeted towards the women sector c. Advocacy and community consultation activities conducted with at least 35% of advocates from the women sector 3. Resolution of conflicts/ disputes arising from a. Ad-hoc Conflict/ Dispute Resolution Committee 2015 program implementation. organized with at least 40% of members women -2030 Output 2. Gender-sensitive data base established 1. Formulation of TLRB development indicators. a. Statistical information generated reflect both 2015 men and women perspective and experience - b. At least 30% of data generators (enumerators, 2017 analyst) are women c. Gender perspective of program/project implementation identified and appropriate development indicators formulated Output 3. Identified TLRB programs and projects implemented 1. TLRB Programs and Projects a. Identified TLRB programs implemented with at 2015 least 30 percent of beneficiaries coming from the - women sector 2030 b. Program implementors deemed capable with at least 30% of the total composition women c. Ad-hoc program/project committees organized with at least 30% of membership from the women 2. Documentation of program/ project a. The role of both men and women participants 2015 implementation success stories. (implementors, beneficiaries, policy-makers) in the - successful program/project is appropriately 2030 documented Output 4. Capacity building programs for project staff and beneficiaries implemented 1. Conduct of capacity building programs for project a. Capacity building programs for project staff and 2015 staff and beneficiaries beneficiaries conducted with at least 30% of - participants coming from the women sector 2030 b. At least 30% of trainers are women. c. Documentation of training courses reflect gender perspective of training participants d. Training venues and administrative arrangements are gender sensitive e. Trainors are capable of highlighting gender perspective of training courses

Main Report Chapter 13-22

Chapter 14 Investment Plan Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

CHAPTER 14 INVESTMENT PLAN

The investment plan for the TLRB is a consolidation of the proposed programs and projects for each thematic area to be able to attain the goals and objectives of the theme and the river basin as a whole. These programs and projects are based on the results of the stakeholders’ consultations and the experts’ analysis of local conditions and the critical needs of the basin. These programs and projects are segregated into four (4) thematic groups: Watershed Resources Management, Water Resources Management, Environment and Climate Change Management, and Social and Community Participation.

The proposed programs and projects for the TLRB will require a total of PhP15.44 billion in the next 15 years (Table 14.0-1). Forty eight percent of the investment is accounted for by the proposed water resources management projects amounting to PhP7.51 billion. These consist of short gestation projects but require big investments as they address urgent concerns of flooding and are mostly structural remedial measures. As expected, most of the proposed projects for watershed resources management are long gestating projects to rehabilitate the denuded areas of the water shed and riverbanks with provision for projects which will provide income to the stakeholders. The investment requirements for the proposed watershed management projects accounted for about 22% of the total or PhP3.34 billion. The proposed programs and projects for environment and climate change management accounted for about 10% of the total or PhP1.53 billion. Social and community participation projects are mostly concerned with the enhancement of the social services, health and sanitation, education, skills enhancements and accounted for about 20% of the total investment amounting to PhP3.06 billion.

Table 14.0-1 Summary of Investment Requirements by Thematic Group (PhP Million)

TOTAL DEVELOPMENT SHORT TERM MEDIUM TERM LONG TERM INVESTMENT THEMES (Year 1-5) (Year 6-10) (Year 11-15) COST Water Resources 7,508.22 3,408.57 4,099.65 Management* Watershed Resources 3,341.01 878.71 1,093.86 1,368.44 Management Environment and Climate Change 1534.12 1382.12 76.00 76.00 Management Social and Community 3,057.50 1,100.84 1,090.83 865.83 Participation

TOTAL 15440.85 6770.24 6,360.34 2,310.27

*No investment yet on irrigation and water supply development

Main Report Chapter 14-1 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

14.1 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

The proposed development projects for the water resources management consist of programs and projects to control and mitigate flooding. These are mostly structural projects on drainage improvements/construction in the Cities of Tagum and Panabo and in the municipalities of Sto. Tomas, Kapalong, Carmen, San Isidro, Asuncion, New Corella, B. Dujali, and Talaingod in Davao del Norte. There are provisions for flood control projects in the four covered municipalities of Compostela Valley and the lone municipality of Loreto in Agusan del Sur. These projects are programmed for implementation during the first five years amounting to PhP 1.07 billion. The details of the proposed projects are presented in Table 14.1-1.

In addition is the proposed improvement plan for the Tuganay River Basin by the DPWH which covers the Tuganay, Anibongan, and Ising Rivers worth PhP 3.74 billion. The plan will be implemented in six years including a one year preparatory works.

On the other hand, a flood forcasting and warning center and a georesistivity survey are also being proposed with a total investment requirements of PhP 24.79 million in the first two years of plan implementation.

14.2 WATERSHED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

The proposed investments for the watershed resources management component are focused on reforestation and rehabilitation of the forest reserves of TLRB as well as developments in the production areas. These includes reforestation projects, fuel wood plantation development, agroforestry, riverbank stabilization, ANR, bamboo plantation development and a generic watershed development project which are all programmed for 15 years. A yearly allocation of PhP10 million for research and development fund was also proposed starting at Year 1. To ensure the sustainability of the interventions, a continuous IEC and Barangay Warden training will be conducted throughout the Plan period with a yearly allocation of PhP5 million. The details of the proposed watershed resources management projects are presented in Table 14.2-1.

14.3 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MANAGEMENT

The proposed projects on environmental protection include short term projects such as aforestation of riverbanks and dike base and mangrove rehabilitation and reforestation proposed by selected LGUs; sustainable upland development program; environment, wildlife and protected areas development project; ecological solid waste management program; establishment of sanitary landfill; biodiversity assessment of TLRB; desilting of TLRB river mouth, study on sedimentation of rivers, parcellary and topographic surveys. Long term projects include database development which will also cater to the database requirements of the other thematic areas, water quality monitoring and a continuing environmental awareness program. For the details of the proposed projects see Table 14.3-1.

14.4 SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

The social and community participation projects cover health and sanitation, education and skills development, capacity building, security, and IP concerns. Health and sanitation projects include EIC and monitoring of water supply, sewerage, and solid waste management and the preparation of TLRB wide sewerage master plan. Education and skills development include projects on establishment of school facilities, mobile library, livelihood skills development program, and employment assistance. Capacity building projects include strengthening of POs and enhancing their access to services.

Main Report Chapter 14-2 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

There are also a number of projects proposed for the improvement of security and peace and order as well as projects for indigenous people like IEC and social marketing on the rights of the IPs and preparation of education curricula on IP knowledge.

Except for the preparation of the TLRB wide sewerage master plan and the TLRB solid waste master plan which is programmed for implementation during the first five years, all the other projects are proposed for implementation in 15 years (Table 14.4-1).

Main Report Chapter 14-3 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 14.1-1 Proposed Projects for Water Resources Management

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT A. FLOOD CONTROL: STRUCTURAL (INTERVENTION) PROJECTS I DAVAO DEL NORTE Tagum City 1 Construction of Tagum-Ising Drainage 15,180 35,420 4,000 8,000 8,000 L=2,927.19 m Construction of Tagum-Conocotan 2 Drainage (LS) L=3920.60 m 15,174 35,405 Construction of Drainage along Diversion 3 Road in Brgy. San Miguel, L=1,830 m 6,000 14,000 4,000 8,000 8,000 Improvement of drainage Magdum Section 4 at Daang Maharlika, Tagum 6,000 14,000 4,000 8,000 8,000 Improvement of Drainage Conocotan 5 Section Daang Maharlika, Tagum 6,000 14,000 6 Construction of Drainage Tagum City 15,000 35,000 Construction of Drainage San Isidro Creek 7 Section 6,000 14,000 Construction of revetment of Hijo River at Right Side downstream of the bridge and 8 desilting works 9,000 21,000 Channelization of Upstream of the bridge 9 Improvement/Revetment 9,000 21,000 Sto. Tomas Construction of Drainage Lined Canal with 1 Cover 9,000 21,000

Kapalong Construction of Drainage at Brgy. Maniki 1 L=2,200 m 9,000 21,000 6,000 12,000 12,000 Rehabilitation of Libuganon River @ 2 Maniki Jumbo Bridge Downstream 6,000 14,000 Revetment Construction (Upstream / 3 Downstream) 9,000 21,000 Improvement/Construction of Drainage 4 System 9,000 21,000 Carmen 1 Improvement of Tuganay River 6,000 14,000 Improvement of Drainage, Carmen-Sto 2 Nino Section Daang Maharlika 6,000 14,000 Improvement of New Camiling Bank Protection (Revetment) along Carmen- 3 Dapecol Compound Road 6,000 14,000 Mangalcal Bank Protection along Carmen- 4 Dapecol Cmpd. Road Construction 3,000 7,000 Improvement of existing city drainage 5 system 6,000 14,000 Desilting of Tuganay River flood Control 6 Project 15,000 35,000

Main Report Chapter 14-4 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 San Isidro 8,000 16,000 16,000 Asuncion Construction of Revetment of Saug Flood 1 Control in: Brgy. Cambanogoy 7,800 18,200 Brgy. Buclad 10,500 24,500 2 Improvement of Saug River Flood Control 6,000 14,000 Panabo City Improvement of Panabo Drainage 1 Salvacion Section along Daang Maharlika 6,000 14,000 Lasang River Improvement (Downstream/Upsteam) at Lasang Bridge; 2 Revetment 6,000 14,000 Construction of Drainage Lined Canal with 3 Cover 9,000 21,000

New Corella 8,000 16,000 16,000 Braulio Dujali 8,000 16,000 16,000

Talaingod 8,000 16,000 16,000

Sub-Total 177,654 453,525 141,000 100,000 100,000 II COMPOSTELA VALLEY Nabunturan 4,000 8,000 8,000 Monkayo 4,000 8,000 8,000 Laak 4,000 8,000 8,000 Montevista 4,000 8,000 8,000

Sub-Total 16,000 32,000 32,000 III AGUSAN DEL SUR Loreto 4,000 8,000 8,000

Sub-Total 4,000 8,000 8,000 TOTAL 177,654 453,525 161,000 140,000 140,000 SPECIAL PROJECT BY NATIONAL IV GOVERNMENT (DPWH) IMPROVEMENT PLAN OF TUGANAY RIVER BASIN a. Tuganay River River Channel Improvement 45,382 60,509 90,763 60,509 45,382 Retarding Basin 29,540 39,387 59,081 39,387 29,540 Sodding 6,487 8,649 12,973 8,649 6,487 Revetment 8,243 10,990 16,485 10,990 8,243 Bridge & foot protection 32,180 42,907 64,361 42,907 32,180 Sub-Total 121,831 162,442 243,663 162,442 121,831 b Anibongan River River Channel Improvement 22,691 30,254 45,382 30,254 22,691 Retarding Basin 8,824 11,765 17,648 11,765 8,824 Sodding 1,938 2,583 3,875 2,583 2,583

Main Report Chapter 14-5 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 Revetment 5,190 6,920 10,379 6,920 5,190 Bridge & foot protection 20,262 27,016 40,523 27,016 20,262 Gate 42,900 57,200 85,800 57,200 42,900 Sub-Total 101,804 135,738 203,607 135,738 102,449 c Ising River River Channel Improvement 30,583 40,778 61,166 40,778 30,583 Revetment 1,832 2,442 3,663 2,442 1,832 Bridge & foot protection 7,151 9,535 14,303 9,535 7,151 Sub-Total 39,566 52,755 79,132 52,755 39,566

Preparatory Works 263,201 ROW 25,067 Physical Contingencies 36,374 48,499 72,749 48,499 36,464 Management Cost 9,080 12,107 18,161 12,107 9,103 GESA 48,403 64,537 96,805 64,537 48,521 Sub-Total 288,268 93,857 125,143 187,715 125,143 94,088 TOTAL 288,268 357,058 476,078 714,117 476,078 357,935

GRAND TOTAL 465,922 810,584 637,078 854,117 616,078 357,935

B. HYDROLOGY 1 Flood Forecasting and Warning Center 7,500 GRAND TOTAL 7,500

C. GEOLOGY 1 Georesistivity Survey 2,431.5 2 Well Drilling 14,862.4 GRAND TOTAL 2,431.5 14,862.4

Main Report Chapter 14-6 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 14.2-1 Proposed Projects for Watershed Resources Management

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 WATERSHED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 1 Reforestation 65,250.0 68,512.5 71,938.1 75,535.0 79,311.8 83,277.4 87,441.2 91,813.3 96,404.0 101,224.2 106,285.4 111,599.6 117,179.6 123,038.6 129,190.5 2 Fuel Wood Plantation Development 1,305.0 1,370.3 1,438.8 1,510.7 1,586.2 1,665.5 1,748.8 1,836.3 1,928.1 2,024.5 2,125.7 2,232.0 2,343.6 2,460.8 2,583.8 3 Agroforestry 52,037.0 54,638.9 57,370.8 60,239.3 63,251.3 66,413.9 69,734.6 73,221.3 76,882.3 80,726.5 84,762.8 89,000.9 93,451.0 98,123.5 103,029.7 4 Riverbank stabilization 200.0 210.0 220.5 231.5 243.1 255.3 268.0 281.4 295.5 310.3 325.8 342.1 359.2 377.1 396.0 5 ANR 16,276.8 17,090.6 17,945.2 18,842.4 19,784.6 20,773.8 21,812.5 22,903.1 24,048.2 25,250.7 26,513.2 27,838.9 29,230.8 30,692.3 32,227.0 6 Bamboo Plantation Development 832.6 874.2 917.9 963.8 1,012.0 1,062.6 1,115.7 1,171.5 1,230.1 1,291.6 1,356.2 1,424.0 1,495.2 1,570.0 1,648.5 7 Watershed Development Project (Gov) 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 8 IEC 482.8 506.9 532.3 558.9 586.8 616.2 647.0 679.3 713.3 749.0 786.4 825.8 867.0 910.4 955.9 9 Research and Development 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 10,000.0 Watershed Protection (Baranagay 4,543.3 4,770.4 5,008.9 5,259.4 5,522.3 5,798.5 6,088.4 6,392.8 6,712.4 7,048.1 7,400.5 7,770.5 8,159.0 8,567.0 8,995.3 10 Warden Training) GRAND TOTAL 160,927.4 160,927.4 160,927.4 167,973.8 175,372.5 183,141.1 191,298.2 199,863.1 208,856.2 218,299.0 228,214.0 238,624.7 249,555.9 261,033.7 273,085

Main Report Chapter 14-7 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 14.3-1 Proposed Projects for Environment and Climate Change Management

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Projects from Provincial/LGUs Aforestation of riverbanks and dike 1 base, Brgy. Pagsabangan (3 ha) 360 Aforestation of river banks and dike 2 base, Brgy. Makilam (3 ha) 360 Aforestation of river banks and dike 3 base, Brgy. Canocotan (2 ha) 200 Aforestation of riverbanks, Brgy. San 4 Miguel (3 has) 200 Aforestation of riverbanks, Brgy. 5 Bingcungan (3 ha) 200 Mangrove Reforestation & Rehabilitation, Brgy. Libuganon (2 6 has) 240 Mangrove Reforestation & 7 Rehabilitation, Brgy. Busaon (2 ha) 240 Sustainable Upland Development 8 Program 1,820 1,911 2,102 Environment, Wildlife and Protected 9 Areas Development Project 890.0 934.5 1,028.0 Ecological Solid Waste Management 10 Program 573.0 601.7 661.8 Establishment of Sanitary Landfill 11 (Category 1) 12,000 12,200 20,000 12,600 12,800 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 10,950 Mangrove Rehabilitation/ Enhancement under the Philippine Aquasilviculture Program in Carmen 12 and Tagum City areas (on-going) 1,800 Alternative Livelihood Program for Fishermen during the Closed Season 13 for Commercial Fishing Vessel 80 Proposed Projects

14 Biodiversity Assessment of TLRB 4,680 2,340 780 15 Coastal Resources Assessment 1,800 1,200 Quarterly Water Quality Monitoring Program (Tuganay River, Tagum River, Saug River, Libuganon River 16 and Davao Gulf) 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 17 Database Development Program 950 320 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 18 Environmental Awareness Program 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Desilting of the Tagum-Libuganon 19 River mouth 465,000 800,000 Study on the Sedimentation of the 20 Rivers 800 400 21 Parcellary Survey 400 22 Topographic Survey 1,100 GRAND TOTAL 495,443.0 823,957.2 28,821.8 16,850 17,050 15,200 15,200 15,200 15,200 15,200 15,20 0 15,200 15,200 15,200 15,200

Main Report Chapter 14-8 Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Tagum-Libuganon River Basin

Table 14.4-1 Proposed Projects for Social and Community Participation

Cost (P'000) LOCATION/PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Year 13 Year 14 Year 15 SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Registration/Monitoring of Sources of 1 Potable Water Supply (basin-wide) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Provincial Potable Water Supply 2 Development Program (basin-wide) 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 Preparation of TLRB Basin-wide 3 Sewerage Master Plan (basin-wide) 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 IEC Social Marketing on Sewerage 4 Management (basin-wide) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Preparation of TLRB Basin-wide Solid Waste Management Master Plan (basin- 5 wide) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 IEC/ Social Marketing on Solid Waste 6 Management(basin-wide) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Establishment of School Facilities in 7 Remote Communities(basin-wide) 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 8 Mobile Library Program (basin-wide) 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,667 16,66 7 16,667 16,667 Livelihood Skills Education Program 9 (basin-wide) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 Establishment of Databank on Job Market 10 Matching (basin-wide) 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 3,333 11 Job Fair Program (basin-wide) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 IEC/ Social Marketing on Environmental 12 Issues (basin-wide) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Strengthening of Cooperatives and 13 People’s Organizations (basin-wide) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 One-Stop Community Organization 14 Registration Center (cluster municipalities) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Establishment of Community Relations 15 Desk (basin-wide) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 16 Kalikasan Mo, Ipatrol Mo (basin-wide) 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Strengthening of Police Visibility Program 17 (basin-wide) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Environmental Police Program(basin- 18 wide) 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 19 PNP Modernization Program(basin-wide) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Winning the Peace Program (Demobilization Disarmament 20 Reintegration Program) (conflict zones) 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Documentation of Indigenous Persons Knowledge, Skills and Practices (basin- 21 wide) 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 IEC/ Social Marketing on the Rights of 22 Indigenous Peoples (basin-wide) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Preparation of Basic Education Curricula on IP Knowledge, Skills and 23 Practices(basin-wide) 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Codification of Indigenous Peoples Tribal 24 Laws (basin-wide) 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 GRAND TOTAL 220,417 220,417 220,417 220,417 219,167 218,167 218,167 218,167 218,167 218,167 173,167 173,167 173,167 173,167 173,167

Main Report Chapter 14-9

ANNEX A LIST OF INSTITUTIONS

PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS

DENR PEOPLES ORGANIZATION

1. Camansa Forestland Farmer’s Association, Inc. Camansa, Asuncion, Davao del Norte

2. Buan Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Association Buan, Asuncion, Davao del Norte

3. Igkannogon Association of Langilan Tribe, Inc. Gupitan, Kapalong, Davao del Norte

4. El Salvador Farmers and Tree Plantation Association (ELFATPA) El Salvador, New Corella, Davao del Norte

5. New Dairy Farmers Association (NEDFA) New Cortez, New Corella, Davao del Norte

6. Del Monte Farmers Association (DMFA) Del Monte, New Corella, Davao del Norte

7. Sarawon Community-Based Tree Planters Association Sta. Fe, New Corella, Davao del Norte

8. Association of Alternative Livelihood of Libuton, Inc. (AALLI) Libuton, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

9. Cacao Farmers Linao Association, Inc. Linao, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

10. Datu Balong Farmers Association (DBFAI) Datu Balong, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

11. Dacudao Upland Farmers Association Dacudao, San isidro, Davao del Norte

12. San Miguel Tree Farmers Association San Miguel, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

13. Sambayon Farmers Association Sambayon, Suaon, Kapalong, Davao del Norte

14. Napisulan Farmers Association (NFA) Napisulan, Santo Nino, Talaingod, Davao del Norte

15. Tibi-tibi Housing Association Tibi-tibi, Sto. Nino, Talaingod, Davao del Norte

16. Salawao-Hindangan-Lumbayan-Migatong Association Salawao, Sto. Nino, Talaingod, Davao del Norte

17. Dagohoy Natures Farmers Association Dagohoy, Talaingod, Davao del Norte

18. Cabadiangan Tribal Community Association Cabadiangan, Sto. Nino, Talaingod, Davao del Norte

19. Upper Tuganay Agroforestry Farmers’ Association (UTAFA) Upper Tuganay, New Visayas, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

20. Upland Farmers’ Association of Purok 7 Brgy. San Jose, Inc. (UFAP7BSJI) Purok 7, San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

21. Bobongon Tree Planters’ Association (BTPA) Bobongon, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

22. Balagunan Integrated Social Forestry Farmers Association (BISFFA) Balagunan, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

23. Brgy San Jose Upland Farmers Association of Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte, Inc. (BSJUFASTDNI) San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

24. San Jose Agroforestry Farmers Association (SJAFA) San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

25. Ezra Christian Ministry for Peace, Inc. Tuganay, Carmen, Davao del Norte

26. KAUPOD Association Braulio E. Dujali, Davao del Norte

27. Kipaliko irrigation System Federation of Irrigators Association, Inc. Tibal-og, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

28. Kakogalan Tulalag Sagbuku-on Tarutumgo Datu Talos, San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

29. Mahayahay Magwawa Gmelina Growers Association Magwawa, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

30. Municipal Tribal Council of Elders Talaingod, Davao del Norte

31. Association of Mandaya, Manobo, Ata, Dibabawon, Omayon, Inc Gupitan, Kapalong, Davao del Norte

32. Municipal Tribal Council Sabangan, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

33. Municipal Tribal Council Gupitan, Kapalong, Davao del Norte

34. Municipal Tribal Council Suawon, New Corella, Davao del Norte

35. City Tribal Council Brgy. East, Tagum City

36. Municipal Tribal Council Tuganay, Carmen, Davao del Norte

37. Municipal Tribal Council Buclad, Asuncion, Davao del Norte

38. Municipal Tribal Council San Jose, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

39. Municipal Tribal Council Magupising, B.E. Dujali, Davao del Norte

40. Unified Tribal Council of Elders/ Leaders Poblacion, Monkayo, Composela Valley Province

41. IPMR, Brgy. Sto Nino, San Isidro, Davao del Norte

42. SAMIMUPCO, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

IRRIGATORS ASSOCIATION/FARMERS COOPERATIVES

43. Federation of Irrigators Association San Miguel, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

San Miguel Dujali Irrigators Association San Miguel, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

44. Dujali Poblacion Farmers Irrigators Association B.Dujali, Davao del Norte

45. Salvacion Mabaus Cabay-angan Irrigators Association Prk. 3, Mabaus, Carmen, Davao del Norte

46. Katipunan-Semong Irrigators Service Association Prk 3, Mabaus, Carmen, Davao del Norte

47. Gabuyan Irrigators Service Association Gabuyan, Kapalong, Davao del Norte

48. Kinamayan Pantaron Lungaog Irrigators Association Lunga-og, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

49. Asuncion Tagum Farmers Irrigators Association Buclad, Asuncion, Davao del Norte

50. Buclad Cabaywa Cambanogoy Farmers Irrigators Association Poblacion Asuncion, Davao del Norte

51. Maniki Camoning San Vicente Farmers Irrigators Association Poblacion Kapalong, Davao del Norte

52. Farmers Irrigators Service Association of Sta Lucia Balagunan, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

53. Datu Balong Farmers Association San Isidro, Davao del Norte

WATER DISTRICTS

54. Talaingod Women Water Services, Inc. Talaingod, Davao del Norte

55. Asuncion Water District Asuncion, Davao del Norte

56. Municipal Economic Enterprise Development & Management Office Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

57. Tagum Water District Tagum City, Davao del Norte

58. Kapalong Water District Kapalong, Davao del Norte

59. Carmen Water District Carmen, Davao del Norte

60. San Isidro Water District San Isidro, Davao del Norte

61. Braulio E. Dujali Water District Braulio E. Dujali, Davao del Norte

62. Laak Water System Laak, Compostela Valley

BANANA PLANTATION OWNERS/OPERATORS

63. Tagum Agricultural Development Corporation, Inc Brgy. A.O. Floreindo, Panabo City Davao del Norte

HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION

64. Tagum Friends of the Home, Inc (c/o PPDO)

65. AFHAI-Home for the Aged Purok Talisay, Visayan Village, Tagum City Davao del Norte

LORETO COMMUNITY

66. SB Committee on Environment Loreto, Agusan del Sur

67. Municipal Tribal Council Loreto, Agusan del Sur

PROVINCIAL COUNCILS

69. Provincial Disaster Response & Risk Reduction Council Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

70. Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Provincial Capitol, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

71. Provincial Agriculture and Fisheries Council Office of the Provincial Agriculturist Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

72. Davao del Norte Province Council of Women Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

Gender and Development Office Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

73. Provincial Tourism Council (c/o PPDO, DDN)

74. Davao del Norte Provincial Peace and Order Council Department of Interior and Local Government Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

75. Compostela Valley Provincial Peace and Order Council Department of Interior and Local Government Government Center, Nabunturan, Comval Province

76. Agusan del Sur Provincial Peace and Order Council Department of Interior and Local Government Government Center, Patin-ay, Prosperidad Agusan del Sur

SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

77. Davao del Norte Provincial Government Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

78. Compostela Valley Provincial Government Provincial Capitol, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

79. Agusan del Sur Provincial Government Provincial Capitol, Prosperidad Agusan del Sur

85. Tagum City Government Tagum City, Davao del Norte

86. Santo Tomas Municipal Government Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

87. Kapalong Municipal Government Kapalong, Davao del Norte

88. New Corella Municipal Government New Corella, Davao del Norte

89. San Isidro Municipal Government San isidro, Davao del Norte

90. Talaingod Municipal Government Talaingod, Davao del Norte

91. Asuncion Municipal Government Asuncion, Davao del Norte

92. Carmen Municipal Government Carmen, Davao del Norte

93. Braulio E. Dujali Municipal Government Braulio E. Dujali, Davao del Norte

94. Laak Municipal Government Laak, Compostela Valley Province

95. Monkayo Municipal Government Monkayo, Compostela Valley Province

96. Montevista Municipal Government Montevista, Compostela Valley Province

97. Nabunturan Municipal Government Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

98. Mawab Municipal Government Mawab, Compostela Valley Province

99. Loreto Municipal Government Loreto, Agusan del Sur

PROVINCIAL AGENCIES/ OFFICES

119. DENR-PENRO Davao del Norte Tagum City, Davao del Norte

120. PENRO-LGU Davao del Norte Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte 121. DENR-PENRO ComVal Province Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

122. PAGRO-ENRO Compostela Valley Province Provincial Capitol, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

123. DENR-PENRO Agusan del Sur Patin-ay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

124. PENRO-LGU Agusan del Sur Government Complex, Patin-ay Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

125. Provincial Engineering Office, Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

126. Davao del Norte Engineering District Department of Public Works and Highways XI Tagum City, Davao del Norte

127. Provincial Engineering Office, Government Center, Nabunturan Comval Province

128. Compostela Valley District Engineering Office Department of Public Works and Highways XI Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

129. Provincial Agricultural Office Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

130. Provincial Local Government Office Dept. of Interior and Local Government Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

131. Provincial Local Government Office Department of Interior and Local Government Provincial Capitol, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

132. Provincial Local Government Office Department of Interior and Local Government Provincial Capitol, Prosperidad Agusan del Sur

133. Provincial Health Office-Davao del Norte Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

134. Provincial Health Office-Compostela Valley Province Provincial Capitol Building, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

135. Philippine National Police-Davao del Norte Tagum City, Davao del Norte

136. Philippine National Police- Compostela Valley Nabunturan, Compostela Valley

137. Philippine National Police-Agusan del Sur Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

138. NCIP Davao del Norte Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

139. NCIP ComVal Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

140. NCIP Agusan del Sur Patin-ay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

141. Department of Education-Davao del Norte Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

142. Department of Education-Compostela Valley Province Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

143. Department of Agrarian Reform Provincial Office-Davao del Norte Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

144. Department of Agrarian Reform Provincial Office-Compostela Valley Province Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province

145. Provincial Fishery Office, Davao del Norte Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources XI Davao del Norte State College, New Visayas, Panabo City Davao del Norte

146. National Irrigation Administration Carmen, Davo del Norte

147. Department of Tourism Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City Davao del Norte

148. Provincial Tourism Office Government Center, Mankilam Tagum City

149. Department of Tourism Provincial Capitol, Nabunturan Compostela Valley Province

NATIONAL AGENCIES

150. Office of Civil Defense XI PNP XI Compound, Camp Catitipan Davao City

152. Philippine National Police XI PNP XI Compound, Camp Catitipan Davao City

153. 10th Infantry Brigade, PA New Visayas, Sto Tomas, Davao del Norte

154. 26th Infantry Batallion San Nicolas, , Agusan del Sur

155. National Commission on Indigenous Peoples XI E.B. Lopez St., Davao City

156. Department of Environment and Natural Resources XIII Ambago, City,

157. Department of Science and Technology XI Dumanlas Corner Friendship Road, Bajada, Davao City

158. PAGASA-DOST XI Old Airport, Sasa, Davao City

159. PHIVOLCS-DOST XI Philippine Science High School, Mintal, Davao City

160. PAGASA Agromet Station USEP Compound, Apokon, Tagum City Davao del Norte

161. Department of Social Welfare and Development XI Damazo Suazo St., Cor. Magsaysay Ave., Davao City

162. Department of Public Works and Highways XI R. Magsaysay Ave., Davao City

163. Department of the Interior and Local Government XI #58 McArthur Highway, Matina, Davao City

164. Department of Agriculture XI F. Bangoy St., Davao City

166. Department of Education XI F. Torres St., Davao City

167. Department of Agrarian Reform XI Matina, Davao City

168. Department of Health XI J.P. Laurel Ave., Bajada, Davao City

169. Cooperative Development Authority XI Cam Bldg., Monteverde St. Davao City

170. Office of Muslim Affair XI San Juan St., Davao City

171. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources XI Uyanguren Ave., Davao City

172. National Irrigation Administration XI Bolton St., Davao City

173 Department of Tourism XI LANDCO Corporate Center, J.P. Laurel Ave., Bajada, Davao City

TERTIARY STAKEHOLDERS

174. Tribal Education on Ecological System (TREES), Inc Phase 1, Cristo Rey Village, Waling-waling St., Tagum City Davao del Norte

175. Davao del Norte State College New Visayas, Panabo City Davao del Norte

176. University of South Eastern Philippines-Tagum-Mabini Campus Apokon, Tagum City, Davao del Norte

177. St. Mary’s College of Tagum National Highway, Tagum City Davao del Norte

178. Tagum City Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (c/o PPDO DDN)

179. Rotary Club of Tagum LACES Rizal Street, Tagum City

180. Davao Provinces Rural Devt. Institute, Inc (c/o PPDO DDN)

181. Philippine Information Agency Government Center, Mankilam, Tagum City

182. Mindanao Development Authority SSS Bldg, JP Laurel Avenue, Davao City

183. Department of Trade and Industry Tagum City, Davao del Norte

185. City Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council Tagum City