Analyze & Detect Webassembly Cryptominer
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Towards a Toolchain for Exploiting Smart Contracts on the Ethereum Blockchain
Towards a Toolchain for Exploiting Smart Contracts on the Ethereum Blockchain by Sebastian Kindler M.A., University of Bayreuth, 2011 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Computer Science Program Faculty of Computer Science Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Stefan Traub Second Assessor: Prof. Dr. Markus Schäffter External Assessor: Dr. Henning Kopp Ulm University of Applied Sciences March 22, 2019 Abstract The present work introduces the reader to the Ethereum blockchain. First, on a con- ceptual level, explaining general blockchain concepts, and viewing the Ethereum blockchain in particular from different perspectives. Second, on a practical level, the main components that make up the Ethereum blockchain are explained in detail. In preparation for the objective of the present work, which is the analysis of EVM bytecode from an attacker’s perspective, smart contracts are introduced. Both, on the level of EVM bytecode and Solidity source code. In addition, critical assem- bly instructions relevant to the exploitation of smart contracts are explained in detail. Equipped with a definition of what constitutes a vulnerable contract, further practical and theoretical aspects are discussed: The present work introduces re- quirements for a possible smart contract analysis toolchain. The requirements are viewed individually, and theoretical focus is put on automated bytecode analysis and symbolic execution as this is the underlying technique of automated smart contract analysis tools. The importance of semantics is highlighted with respect to designing automated tools for smart contract exploitation. At the end, a min- imal toolchain is presented, which allows beginners to efficiently analyze smart contracts and develop exploits. -
Improving Mobile-Malware Investigations with Static and Dynamic Code Analysis Techniques
IMPROVING MOBILE-MALWARE INVESTIGATIONS WITH STATIC AND DYNAMIC CODE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Vom Fachbereich Informatik (FB 20) der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation von Siegfried Rasthofer, M.Sc. geboren in Landshut, Deutschland. Referenten: Prof. Dr. Eric Bodden (Referent) Prof. Dr. Andreas Zeller (Korreferent) Prof. Dr. Mira Mezini (Korreferentin) Tag der Einreichung: 7. November 2016 Tag der Disputation: 22. Dezember 2016 Darmstadt 2017 Hochschulkennziffer: D17 Siegfried Rasthofer: Improving Mobile-Malware Investigations with Static and Dynamic Code Analysis Techniques © January 2017 phd referees: Prof. Dr. Eric Bodden Prof. Dr. Andreas Zeller Prof. Dr. Mira Mezini further phd committee members: Prof. Dr. Reiner Hähnle Prof. Dr. Christian Bischof Prof. Dr. Patrick Eugster Darmstadt, Germany January 2017 ABSTRACT Similar to the PC world, the abundance of mobile malware has become a serious threat to smartphone users. Thousands of new apps or app versions are uploaded to popular app stores every day. All of them need to be analyzed against violations of the app store’s content policy. In particular, one wishes to detect whether an application contains malicious behavior. Similarly, antivirus companies check thousands of apps every day to determine whether or not they are malicious. Both app store operators and antivirus vendors face the same problem: it is generally challenging to tell apart malware from benign applications. This is because malware developers aim to hide their applications’ malicious behavior as long as possible from being detected by applying different obfuscation techniques. The raising sophistication with which such measures are implemented pose a serious problem not just to automated malware detection approaches but also to the manual analysis of potential malware by human experts. -
Webgl™ Optimizations for Mobile
WebGL™ Optimizations for Mobile Lorenzo Dal Col Senior Software Engineer, ARM 1 Agenda 1. Introduction to WebGL™ on mobile . Rendering Pipeline . Locate the bottleneck 2. Performance analysis and debugging tools for WebGL . Generic optimization tips 3. PlayCanvas experience . WebGL Inspector 4. Use case: PlayCanvas Swooop . ARM® DS-5 Streamline . ARM Mali™ Graphics Debugger 5. Q & A 2 Bring the Power of OpenGL® ES to Mobile Browsers What is WebGL™? Why WebGL? . A cross-platform, royalty free web . It brings plug-in free 3D to the web, standard implemented right into the browser. Low-level 3D graphics API . Major browser vendors are members of . Based on OpenGL® ES 2.0 the WebGL Working Group: . A shader based API using GLSL . Apple (Safari® browser) . Mozilla (Firefox® browser) (OpenGL Shading Language) . Google (Chrome™ browser) . Opera (Opera™ browser) . Some concessions made to JavaScript™ (memory management) 3 Introduction to WebGL™ . How does it fit in a web browser? . You use JavaScript™ to control it. Your JavaScript is embedded in HTML5 and uses its Canvas element to draw on. What do you need to start creating graphics? . Obtain WebGLrenderingContext object for a given HTMLCanvasElement. It creates a drawing buffer into which the API calls are rendered. For example: var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas1'); var gl = canvas.getContext('webgl'); canvas.width = newWidth; canvas.height = newHeight; gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); 4 WebGL™ Stack What is happening when a WebGL page is loaded . User enters URL . HTTP stack requests the HTML page Browser . Additional requests will be necessary to get Space User JavaScript™ code and other resources WebKit JavaScript Engine . -
Framework for Developing Offline HTML5 Applications
MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY}w¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ OF I !"#$%&'()+,-./012345<yA|NFORMATICS Framework for Developing Offline HTML5 Applications DIPLOMA THESIS Petr Kunc Brno, 2013 Declaration Hereby I declare, that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out by my own. All sources, references and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Advisor: doc. RNDr. Tomás Pitner, PhD. ii Acknowledgement Above all, I would like to thank my advisor doc. RNDr. Tomáš Pitner, PhD. for leading not only this diploma thesis but also for leading me during my studies. I would also like to thank my colleagues in Laboratory of Software Architectures and Information Systems, especially Mgr. Filip Nguyen and Mgr. Daniel Tovarˇnákfor priceless advice on implementation and for providing their knowledge. Nevertheless, I would like to thank my colleagues in Celebrio Software company. iii Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide detailed information about developing offline web ap- plications. The thesis presents important technologies in the development and mostly deals with Application cache technology. It summarizes advantages and also disadvantages and problems of the technology. Then, it offers solutions to some of the problems and introduces framework for build- ing offline web applications more sophisticatedly. At last, demonstration application is pre- sented which shows the benefits of proposed technology. iv Keywords HTML5, offline, web applications, application -
Webgl: the Standard, the Practice and the Opportunity Web3d Conference August 2012
WebGL: The Standard, the Practice and the Opportunity Web3D Conference August 2012 © Copyright Khronos Group 2012 | Page 1 Agenda and Speakers • 3D on the Web and the Khronos Ecosystem - Neil Trevett, NVIDIA and Khronos Group President • Hands On With WebGL - Ken Russell, Google and WebGL Working Group Chair © Copyright Khronos Group 2012 | Page 2 Khronos Connects Software to Silicon • Khronos APIs define processor acceleration capabilities - Graphics, video, audio, compute, vision and sensor processing APIs developed today define the functionality of platforms and devices tomorrow © Copyright Khronos Group 2012 | Page 3 APIs BY the Industry FOR the Industry • Khronos standards have strong industry momentum - 100s of man years invested by industry leading experts - Shipping on billions of devices and multiple operating systems • Khronos is OPEN for any company to join and participate - Standards are truly open – one company, one vote - Solid legal and Intellectual Property framework for industry cooperation - Khronos membership fees to cover expenses • Khronos APIs define core device acceleration functionality - Low-level “Foundation” functionality needed on every platform - Rigorous conformance tests for cross-vendor consistency • They are FREE - Members agree to not request royalties Silicon Software © Copyright Khronos Group 2012 | Page 4 Apple Over 100 members – any company worldwide is welcome to join Board of Promoters © Copyright Khronos Group 2012 | Page 5 API Standards Evolution WEB INTEROP, VISION MOBILE AND SENSORS DESKTOP OpenVL New API technology first evolves on high- Mobile is the new platform for Apps embrace mobility’s end platforms apps innovation. Mobile unique strengths and need Diverse platforms – mobile, TV, APIs unlock hardware and complex, interoperating APIs embedded – mean HTML5 will conserve battery life with rich sensory inputs become increasingly important e.g. -
A Novel Two-Factor Honeytoken Authentication Mechanism
A novel Two-Factor HoneyToken Authentication Mechanism Vassilis Papaspirou Leandros Maglaras Mohamed Amine Ferrag Department of Computer Science Cyber Technology Institute Department of Computer Science University of Thessaly De Montfort University University of Guelma Volos, Greece Leicester, UK Guelma, Algeria [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ioanna Kantzavelou Helge Janicke Christos Douligeris Department of Informatics Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre Department of Informatics University of West of Attica Edith Cowan University University of Piraeus Athens, Greece Australia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—The majority of systems rely on user authentication guessing, etc. Several best practices have been suggested on passwords, but passwords have so many weaknesses and for the use of passwords. Some of them are very difficult widespread use that easily raise significant security concerns, to use and others do not fulfill the security needs of the regardless of their encrypted form. Users hold the same password for different accounts, administrators never check password files organization. To overcome the password problem, two factor for flaws that might lead to a successful cracking, and the lack of authentication using devices such as tokens and ATM cards a tight security policy regarding regular password replacement has been suggested and has been shown to be difficult to hack are a few problems that need to be addressed. The proposed re- [2]. There are several limitations of two-factor authentication, search work aims at enhancing this security mechanism, prevent including the cost of purchasing, issuing, and handling tokens penetrations, password theft, and attempted break-ins towards securing computing systems. -
Web Technologies VU (706.704)
Web Technologies VU (706.704) Vedran Sabol ISDS, TU Graz Nov 09, 2020 Vedran Sabol (ISDS, TU Graz) Web Technologies Nov 09, 2020 1 / 68 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Drawing in the Browser (SVG, 3D) 3 Audio and Video 4 Javascript APIs 5 JavaScript Changes Vedran Sabol (ISDS, TU Graz) Web Technologies Nov 09, 2020 2 / 68 HTML5 - Part II Web Technologies (706.704) Vedran Sabol ISDS, TU Graz Nov 09, 2020 Vedran Sabol (ISDS, TU Graz) HTML5 - Part II Nov 09, 2020 3 / 68 Drawing in the Browser (SVG, 3D) SVG Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Web standard for vector graphics (as opposed to canvas - raster-based) Declarative style (as opposed to canvas rendering - procedural) Developed by W3C (http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/) XML application (SVG DTD) http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/svgdtd.html SVG is supported by all current browsers Editors Inkscape and svg-edit (Web App) Vedran Sabol (ISDS, TU Graz) HTML5 - Part II Nov 09, 2020 4 / 68 Drawing in the Browser (SVG, 3D) SVG Features Basic shapes: rectangles, circles, ellipses, path, etc. Painting: filling, stroking, etc. Text Example - simple shapes Grouping of basic shapes Transformation: translation, rotation, scale, skew Example - grouping and transforms Vedran Sabol (ISDS, TU Graz) HTML5 - Part II Nov 09, 2020 5 / 68 Drawing in the Browser (SVG, 3D) SVG Features Colors: true color, transparency, gradients, etc. Clipping, masking Filter effects Interactivity: user events Scripting, i.e. JavaScript, supports DOM Animation: attributes, transforms, colors, motion (along paths) Raster images may be embedded (JPEG, -
A 3D Collaborative Editor Using Webgl and Webrtc
A 3D collaborative editor using WebGL and WebRTC Caroline Desprat Jean-Pierre Jessel Hervé Luga [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] VORTEX team, IRIT UMR5505, University of Toulouse, France Online collaborative 3D design Objectives Collaborative design environments share 3D scenes • pluginless visualization of 3D scenes on the web, across the network. 3D scenes or models are very • exclusive use of client resources for likely to be constructed and reviewed by more than communication, one person, particularly in the context of 3D sci- • message broadcasting: asynchronous and entific visualization [1], CAD (Computer Aided De- granular, sign) [2] or BIM (Building Information Modeling) • real-time collaboration across the network with [3] solutions with various architectures [4] [5]. shared access to 3D models. Question What architecture is the best suited in online 3D collaborative design environments for small teams using exclusively browser’s ressources? Our hybrid architecture for 3D web-based collaboration Web-based editor P2P communication Client visualization, interaction and edition. WebRTC and DataChannels The 3D interface integrates a viewport and pro- vides: WebRTC (Web Real-Time Protocol) allows Da- P2P connections be- • the list of contributors, taChannel protocol for tween web brow-sers to exchange any raw • basic transformations tools (CRUD), data in real-time[6]. • and viewport informations. WebRTC uses signaling mechanism (via WebSocket server) to manage peers, the network configuration and the media capabilities. Server: RESTful architecture Auto-management of the P2P full mesh network of REST architecture (client/server/NoSQL DB users (designed for small teams). queries) benefits distributed hypermedia systems. PeerJS library bootstraps WebRTC API for compat- ibility reasons. -
3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications an Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application
Institutionen för systemteknik Department of Electrical Engineering Examensarbete 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis performed in information coding by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Link¨oping 2012-06-19 Department of Electrical Engineering Linköpings tekniska högskola Linköpings universitet Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 581 83 Linköping 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis in information coding at Link¨oping Institute of Technology by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Supervisors: Fredrik Bennet SICK IVP AB Jens Ogniewski ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Examiner: Ingemar Ragnemalm ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Link¨oping2012-06-19 Presentation Date Department and Division 2012-05-31 Department of Electrical Engineering Publishing Date (Electronic version) 2012-06-19 Language Type of Publication ISBN (Licentiate thesis) X English Licentiate thesis ISRN: LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Other (specify below) X Degree thesis Thesis C-level Title of series (Licentiate thesis) Thesis D-level Report Number of Pages Other (specify below) Series number/ISSN (Licentiate thesis) 90 URL, Electronic Version http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78726 Publication Title 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications: An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Publication Title (Swedish) Tekniker för 3D-grafik i webbapplikationer: En utvärdering sedd utifrån en riktig applikations perspektiv Author(s) Klara Waernér Abstract Web applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated and functionality that was once exclusive to regular desktop applications can now be found in web applications as well. -
![Arxiv:1611.10231V1 [Cs.CR] 30 Nov 2016 a INTRODUCTION 1](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/4076/arxiv-1611-10231v1-cs-cr-30-nov-2016-a-introduction-1-1544076.webp)
Arxiv:1611.10231V1 [Cs.CR] 30 Nov 2016 a INTRODUCTION 1
00 Android Code Protection via Obfuscation Techniques: Past, Present and Future Directions Parvez Faruki, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India Hossein Fereidooni, University of Padua, Italy Vijay Laxmi, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India Mauro Conti, University of Padua, Italy Manoj Gaur, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India Mobile devices have become ubiquitous due to centralization of private user information, contacts, messages and multiple sensors. Google Android, an open-source mobile Operating System (OS), is currently the mar- ket leader. Android popularity has motivated the malware authors to employ set of cyber attacks leveraging code obfuscation techniques. Obfuscation is an action that modifies an application (app) code, preserving the original semantics and functionality to evade anti-malware. Code obfuscation is a contentious issue. Theoretical code analysis techniques indicate that, attaining a verifiable and secure obfuscation is impos- sible. However, obfuscation tools and techniques are popular both among malware developers (to evade anti-malware) and commercial software developers (protect intellectual rights). We conducted a survey to uncover answers to concrete and relevant questions concerning Android code obfuscation and protection techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review code obfuscation and code protection practices, and evalu- ate efficacy of existing code de-obfuscation tools. In particular, we discuss Android code obfuscation methods, custom app protection techniques, and various de-obfuscation methods. Furthermore, we review and ana- lyze the obfuscation techniques used by malware authors to evade analysis efforts. We believe that, there is a need to investigate efficiency of the defense techniques used for code protection. This survey would be beneficial to the researchers and practitioners, to understand obfuscation and de-obfuscation techniques to propose novel solutions on Android. -
Verifying the Integrity of Open Source Android Applications Michael Macnair
Verifying the Integrity of Open Source Android Applications Michael Macnair Technical Report RHUL–MA–2015–4 4 March 2015 Information Security Group Royal Holloway University of London Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX United Kingdom www.ma.rhul.ac.uk/tech Michael Macnair Student number: 100761605 Verifying the Integrity of Open Source Android Applications 28th August 2014 Supervisor: Keith Mayes Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all quotations from published or unpublished work of other people. I also declare that I have read the statements on plagiarism in Section 1 of the Regulations Governing Examination and Assessment Offences, and in accordance with these regulations I submit this project report as my own work. Signature: Contents Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Android and Android Applications . 3 1.2 Reverse Engineering . 4 1.3 Obfuscation . 4 1.4 Verifying Integrity of Binary Distributions . 5 1.5 Objectives . 5 1.6 Report Structure . 6 2 Use Cases for Reversing and Obfuscation 7 2.1 Use Cases . 7 2.2 Conclusion . 10 3 Reverse Engineering Android Applications 11 3.1 The APK File Format . 11 3.2 Techniques . 12 3.3 Tools . 14 4 Verifying Android Application Integrity 23 4.1 APKDiff . 23 4.2 AppIntegrity . 26 5 Analysis of Applications on the Play Store 35 5.1 RedPhone . 35 5.2 ChatSecure . 37 5.3 Telegram . 38 5.4 TextSecure . 40 5.5 Lil’ Debi: Debian Installer . -
HTML5 and Java Technologies
HTML5 and Java Technologies Peter Doschkinow Senior Java Architect The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Agenda . Motivation . HTML5 Overview – Related Java Technologies . Thin Server Architecture . Demo Motivation . Need for clarification Gartner’s 2012 Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle – What is behind the hype . Architectural consequences of new trends . What does the Java platform offer to meet the new challenges . Building of common understanding Web Technology History . 1991 HTML . 1995 JavaScript @ Netscape . 1994 HTML2 . 1996 ECMAScript 1.0, 1.1 . 1996 CSS1 . 1997 ECMAScript 1.2 . 1997 HTML4 . 1998 ECMAScript 1.3 . 1998 CSS2 . 2000 ECMAScript 3 . 2000 XHTML1 . 2010 ECMAScript 5 . 2002 Tableless Web Design . Next: ECMAScript 6 Harmony . 2005 AJAX . 2009 HTML5: as of Dec 2012 W3C CR HTML5 Features W3C / Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group(WHATWG) . Markup – Semantic markup replacing common usages of generic <span>, <div> . <nav>, <footer>,<audio>, <video>, ... API – Canvas 2D (for immidate mode 2D drawing),Timed media playback – Offline Web Applications, Local Srorage and Filesystem, Web Storage – Geolocation, Web Storage, IndexedDB – File API, Drag-and-Drop, Browser History – ... HTML5 Features Offloaded to other specs, originally part of HTML5 . WebSocket API, Server-Sent Events(SSE), Web Messaging, Web Workers, Web Storage (Web Apps WG ) .