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Etude De Faisabilité Technique Pour L'irrigation De 2000 Ha De Fermes

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Etude De Faisabilité Technique Pour L'irrigation De 2000 Ha De Fermes ETUDE DE FAISABILITE TECHNIQUE POUR L’IRRIGATION ET L’AMENAGEMENT DE 2000 HA DE FERMES SEMENCIERES DU PROJET SOJA DANS LA REGION DU BAFING (TOUBA) EN REPUBLIQUE DE COTE D’IVOIRE MEMOIRE POUR L’OBTENTION DU MASTER EN GENIE CIVIL/HYDRAULIQUE OPTION : Eaux Agricoles ------------------------------------------------------------------ Présenté et soutenu publiquement le 03 juillet 2017 par Audrey NTAFAM RAYE MAATCHI Mémoire dirigé par : Dr. Amadou KEITA, Enseignant Chercheur 2iE M. Sinaly COULIBALY, Ingénieur Génie Rural BNETD Jury d’évaluation du stage : Président : Dial NIANG Membres et correcteurs : Amadou KEITA Bassirou BOUBE Bouraïma KOUANDA Promotion [2016/2017] Institut International d’Ingénierie Rue de la Science - 01 BP 594 - Ouagadougou 01 - BURKINA FASO Tél. : (+226) 50. 49. 28. 00 - Fax : (+226) 50. 49. 28. 01 - Mail : [email protected] - www.2ie-edu.org Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja CITATION « Pour nourrir la planète, aucune solution ne doit être exclue d’emblée » (Sylvie BRUNEL, Octobre 2012). ii Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja DEDICACE Je dédie ce travail à ma maman, une femme exceptionnelle ! Papa, par la force du destin tu n’es pas là, mais ce travail il est tout à toi ! iii Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja REMERCIEMENTS - A mes encadreurs de stage, M. Sinaly COULIBALY et Dr. Amadou KEITA, pour leur disponibilité, leurs précieux conseils, et leur patience ; - A l’ensemble du personnel du Département Agriculture et Développement Rural (DADR) qui a su m’accueillir, m’intégrer au sein de son équipe et qui n’a ménagé aucun effort pour mettre à ma disposition la logistique et la documentation nécessaires pour mener à bien ce travail ; - A l’ensemble du corps professoral et administratif de la Fondation 2iE, plus particulièrement à tous ceux qui ont été mes enseignants ; - A tous mes amis et collègues de promotion pour les précieux échanges et la solidarité. iv Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja RESUME La présente étude porte sur la faisabilité de l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja dans la région du Bafing en Côte d’Ivoire. En effet, l’étude pédologique réalisée dans les fermes semencières révèle la disponibilité de plus de 2000 ha de sols propices à la culture du soja. En majorité, ces sols ont un taux d’infiltration supérieur à 30 mm/h, ce qui permet d’envisager l’irrigation de grandes surfaces par système d’aspersion. L’étude des différentes variantes du projet a permis de retenir l’irrigation par canons enrouleurs et par pivot central. Seul ce dernier système, dont le débit d’équipement est de 1.4 l/s/ha, a fait l’objet du présent mémoire. Il en résulte un total de 27 pivots, dont 5 de 120 ha et 22 de 63 ha. L’étude hydrologique révèle la disponibilité en quantité suffisante des ressources en eau, principalement celles de la rivière Bagbé. Pour un apport annuel dans la rivière de plus d’1 Km3, les besoins bruts totaux en eau d’irrigation s’élèvent à 0.015 Km3. Une station de pompage est prévue pour assurer le transfert de l’eau de la rivière au périmètre. La station de pompage est de type exhaure-refoulement, équipée de pompes centrifuges multicellulaires à ligne d’axe vertical. Elle fournit un débit total de 3390 m3/h, soient 942 l/s, correspondant aux débits cumulés des cinq pompes montées en parallèle qui la composent. Ces pompes doivent pouvoir assurer une HMT minimale de 172 m, la côte maximale du terrain étant de 449.1 m et celle du plan d’eau à pomper de 374 m. Un poste de transformation de 3150 kVA pour l’alimentation des groupes en électricité, ainsi qu’un réservoir d’air assurant la sécurité des installations contre les dépressions et surpressions sont nécessaires. L’investissement nécessaire à la mise en œuvre de la ferme de Sokourala-Mahou s’élève à 9 592 194 035 FCFA HT, soit 4 829 906 FCFA HT à l’hectare. Mots clés : Etude de faisabilité, Pivot d’irrigation, Ferme semencière, Soja, Côte d’Ivoire v Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja ABSTRACT This study examines the feasibility of irrigating 2000 ha of soybean seed farms in the Bafing region of Côte d'Ivoire. Indeed, the pedological study carried out on the seed farms reveals the availability of more than 2,000 hectares of soil suitable for growing soybeans. Most of these soils have an infiltration rate of more than 30 mm/h, which makes it possible to envisage the irrigation of large areas by sprinkling system. The study of the different variants of the project made it possible to retain irrigation by retracting guns and by central pivot. Only the latter system, whose flow rate is 1.4 l/s/ha was the subject of this paper. The result is a total of 27 pivots, including 5 of 120 ha and 22 of 63 ha. The hydrological study reveals the availability of sufficient quantities of water resources, mainly those of the Bagbé River. For an annual contribution in the river of more than 1 km3, the total gross water requirement for irrigation amounts to 0.015 km3. A pumping station is provided to ensure the transfer of water from the river to the perimeter. The pumping station is an exhaust-discharge type, equipped with multicellular centrifugal pumps with vertical axis line. It provides a total flow of 3390 m3/h, or 942 l/s, corresponding to the cumulative flows of the five parallel-mounted pumps that make it up. These pumps must be able to provide a minimum TDH of 172 m, the maximum elevation point being 449.1m from ground level and that of pumped water being 374 m. A transformer station of 3150 kVA for power supply, as well as an air reservoir ensuring the safety of installations against depressions and over pressures are necessary. The investment required for the implementation of the Sokourala-Mahou farm amounts to 9,592,194,035 FCFA HT, or 4,829,906 FCFA HT per hectare. Key words : Feasibility study, Central Pivot Irrigation, Seed farm, Soybean, Ivory Coast vi Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS AGRIDEV : Agriculture et Développement ANADER : Agence Nationale d’Appui au Développement Rural BNETD : Bureau National d’Etudes Techniques et de Développement CNRA : Centre National de Recherche Agronomique DCGTx : Direction et Contrôle des Grands Travaux EIES : Etude d’Impact Environnemental et Social ETP : Evapotranspiration Potentielle FAO : Organisation des nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture GPS : Global Positioning System HMT : Hauteur Manométrique totale OPA : Organisation Paysanne Agricole ORSTOM : Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Pdc : Perte de charge PND : Plan National de Développement RGPH : Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat SODEXAM : Société d'Exploitation et de Développement Aéroportuaire, Aéronautique et Météorologique SOGREAH : Société Grenobloise d’Etudes et d’Applications Hydrauliques SRTM : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission vii Audrey RAYE N. MAATCHI Promotion 2016/2017 Soutenu le 03 juillet 2017 Etude de faisabilité technique pour l’irrigation de 2000 ha de fermes semencières de soja SOMMAIRE Citation .............................................................................................................................................. ii Dedicace ........................................................................................................................................... iii Remerciements ................................................................................................................................. iv Résumé ...............................................................................................................................................v Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ vi Liste des abréviations ....................................................................................................................... vii Sommaire ...........................................................................................................................................8 Liste des tableaux ............................................................................................................................. 10 Liste des figures ................................................................................................................................ 11 I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 12 1. Contexte et justification ......................................................................................................... 12 2. Problématique ....................................................................................................................... 13 II. Objectifs et résultats attendus .................................................................................................... 14
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