DOCSLIB.ORG

Alaska V. United States, 128, Orig

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alaska V. United States, 128, Orig NO. 128, ORIGINAL IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES ________ OCTOBER TERM, 2003 ________ STATE OF ALASKA, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Defendant. ________ REPORT OF THE SPECIAL MASTER ON SIX MOTIONS FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND ONE MOTION FOR CONFIRMATION OF A DISCLAIMER OF TITLE GREGORY E. MAGGS Special Master Washington, D.C. March 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .............................. 1 A. Procedure .................................. 1 B. Terminology and Basic Principles ............... 5 II. HISTORIC INLAND WATERS (Count I) ........... 9 A. Overview ................................. 10 B. Appropriateness of Summary Judgment .......... 17 C. Documents Submitted and Their Interpretation ... 23 1. Period of 1821-1867 ....................... 23 a. The Russian Imperial Ukase ............... 24 b. Treaties with the United States and Britain .... 25 c. The Dryad Incident ...................... 30 d. Expiration of the Treaties .................. 32 e. The Loriot Incident ....................... 33 f. State Department Notice to Mariners ......... 37 2. Period of 1867-1903 ....................... 38 a. The 1871 Treaty with Britain ............... 39 b. Fur Seal Arbitration ...................... 40 c. Statements by Government Officials ......... 42 3. The 1903 Boundary Arbitration Tribunal ....... 56 4. Period of 1903-1959 ....................... 63 a. North Atlantic Fisheries Arbitration ......... 63 b. Federal Fisheries Regulations .............. 65 c. League of Nations Conference .............. 72 d. A-B Line Negotiations with Canada ......... 75 e. Position of the State Department ............ 82 f. Hearings on Statehood Legislation ........... 85 g. General Policy Regarding Coastal Islands ..... 86 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) h. United Nations Studies ................... 88 5. Post-Statehood Period from 1959-Present ...... 89 a. The Organized Village of Kake Decision ...... 89 b. The United States v. California Brief ......... 96 c. The Pearcy Charts ....................... 99 d. Coastline Committee and Disclaimer ....... 101 e. Legal Adviser’s Memorandum ............. 103 f. Transit by Foreign Vessels ................ 104 D. Assessment of the Documents as a Whole ....... 107 1. Exercise of Sovereign Authority ............ 109 a. Documents Best Supporting the United States ...................................... 109 b. Documents Best Supporting Alaska ........ 115 c. All Other Documents .................... 126 d. Conclusion ............................ 129 2. Continuity of Exercise of Authority .......... 129 3. Acquiescence of Foreign Nations ............ 131 4. Vital Interests of the United States ........... 133 5. The Tarr Inlet Problem .................... 136 E. Conclusion ............................... 137 III. JURIDICAL BAYS (Count II) .................. 138 A. Overview ................................ 138 B. Factual Summary .......................... 142 1. North Bay and South Bay .................. 142 2. Sitka Sound ............................ 145 3. Cordova Bay ............................ 146 C. Assimilation of Islands ...................... 147 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 1. Factors Considered in Prior Cases ........... 148 2. Preliminary Disagreements about Factors ..... 153 a. Identity of Intervening Waters ............. 153 b. Configuration or Curvature of the Coast ..... 160 c. Size of an Island ........................ 162 d. Distance between Shores ................. 164 e. Tide for Assessing the Intervening Waters .... 165 f. Social and Economic Connections .......... 168 g. Effect of Dredging and Improvements ....... 169 h. Geologic Origin of the Islands ............. 171 i. Special Treatment of Fringing Islands ....... 172 j. Geographical Obviousness ................ 174 k. Sovereign Interests ...................... 176 3. Analysis of Factors ....................... 177 a. Kuiu Island and Kupreanof Island .......... 177 b. Kupreanof Island and Mitkof Island ........ 181 c. Mitkof Island and Dry Island .............. 185 d. Dry Island and the Mainland .............. 189 e. Partofshikof Island and Kruzof Island ....... 193 f. Kruzof, Baranof, and Partofshikof Island ..... 194 g. Prince of Wales Island and Dall Island ...... 196 4. Conclusion with Respect to Assimilation ..... 197 D. Juridical Bays under Article 7 ................ 198 1. Definition of a Bay under Article 7(2) ........ 199 2. Precedent under Article 7(2) ............... 200 3. Preliminary Disagreements ................ 201 a. Measurement of the Width of the Mouth ..... 201 b. Measurement of the Penetration of Bay ...... 205 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) c. Assessment of “Proportion” ............... 210 d. Meaning of “Landlocked” ................ 212 4. Application of Article 7(2) ................. 214 a. North Bay ............................. 214 b. South Bay ............................. 222 c. Cordova Bay ........................... 225 d. Sitka Sound ........................... 225 5. Conclusion ............................. 226 E. Conclusion ............................... 226 IV. THE GLACIER BAY NATIONAL MONUMENT (Count IV) ................................. 227 A. Overview ................................ 227 B. Analysis ................................. 229 1. Inclusion of Submerged Lands .............. 230 a. Notice to Congress of Inclusion ............ 232 b. Purposes of the Reservation ............... 242 2. Retention of Title at Statehood .............. 264 a. The Alaska Statehood Act (ASA) .......... 264 b. Function of ASA § 6(e)’s Proviso .......... 267 c. Coverage of ASA § 6(e)’s Proviso .......... 273 C. Conclusion ............................... 276 V. THE TONGASS NATIONAL FOREST (Count III) ........................................... 276 A. Overview ................................ 277 B. The Proposed Disclaimer .................... 282 C. Confirmation and Dismissal .................. 284 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 1. Positions of the Parties and Amici .......... 286 2. Analysis ............................... 288 D. Conclusion ............................... 294 VI. CONCLUSION ............................. 294 APPENDIX A Proposed Order Confirming the United States’ Disclaimer of Certain Marine Submerged Lands Within the Tongass National Forest .... 295 APPENDIX B Article 7 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, Apr. 29, 1958, [1964] 15 U.S.T. (pt. 2) 1607, T.I.A.S. No. 5639. ................................. 299 APPENDIX C Graphic Depiction of Claimed Historic Wa- ters ................................... 301 APPENDIX D Graphic Depiction of Claimed Juridical Bays .. 303 APPENDIX E Chart Showing Dry Island, Mitkof Island, Kupreanof Island, and Kuiu Island .......... 305 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDIX F Chart Showing Kruzof Island, Baranof Island, and Partofshikof Island ................... 307 APPENDIX G Chart Showing Prince of Wales Island and Dall Island ............................. 309 APPENDIX H Large-Scale Map Showing Dry Island and Mitkof Island ........................... 311 APPENDIX I Illustration of the 45-Degree Test from Robert D. Hodgson & Lewis M. Alexander, Towards an Objective Analysis of Special Circum- stances: Bays, Rivers, Coastal and Oceanic Archipelagos and Atolls, Law of the Sea Insti- tute Occasional Paper No. 13 at 11, fig. 4 (Apr. 1972) ............................. 313 APPENDIX J Alaska’s Proposed Longest Straight Line of Penetration for South Bay ................. 315 APPENDIX K United States’ Proposed Longest Straight Line of Penetration for South Bay ............... 317 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDIX L Alaska’s Proposed Longest Straight Line of Penetration for North Bay ................. 319 APPENDIX M United States’ Proposed Longest Straight Line of Penetration for North Bay ............... 321 APPENDIX N Chart of the Glacier Bay National Monument .. 323 APPENDIX O Chart of Tongass National Forest ........... 325 vii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Metlakatla Indian Comm., Annette Island Reserve v. Egan, 363 U.S. 555 (1960) .............................. 91 Alaska v. United States, 530 U.S. 1228 (2000) .......... 1 Alaska v. United States, 532 U.S. 902 (2001) ....... 4, 279 Alaska v. United States, 662 F. Supp. 455 (D. Alaska 1987), aff'd sub nom. Alaska v. Ahtna Inc., 891 F.2d 1401 (1989), cert. denied, 495 U.S. 919 (1990) .................. 290 American Title Ins. Co. v. Lacelaw Corp., 861 F.2d 224 (9th Cir. 1988) ..................................... 256 Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping Corp., 488 U.S. 428 (1989) .................................. 7 Bowles v. Seminole Rock Co., 325 U.S. 410 (1945) .... 241 California v. Arizona, 440 U.S. 59 (1979) .......... 2, 285 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) ......... 250 Coyle v. Smith, 221 U.S. 559 (1911) .................. 3 viii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES (Continued) Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v. Norway), 1951 I.C.J. 116 ....................................... 62, 208, 209 Idaho v. United States, 533 U.S. 262 (2001) .. 229-232, 234, 238, 239, 242, 243, 261 LaFargue v. United States, 4 F. Supp. 2d 580 (E.D. La. 1998) .............................................. 292 Lee v. United States, 809 F.2d 1406 (9th Cir. 1987), cert. denied sub nom. Lee v. Eklutna, Inc., 484 U.S. 1041 (1988) .............................................. 290 Leisnoi Inc. v. United States, 313 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2002) .............................................. 290 Local Number 93, Intern. Ass'n of Firefighters v. City of Cleveland, 478 U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glacial Change on Baranof Island: Quantifying Local-Level Impact of Climate Change
    Glacial Change on Baranof Island: Quantifying Local-level Impact of Climate Change Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins, Chandler Kemp, Eli Bildner Overview The glaciers of Baranof Island – the only glaciated island in Southeast Alaska – are small, disparate, and sensitive to climatic change due to the temperate climate in which they are situated. We propose to quantify the change in area of a selection of Baranof Island glaciers over recent history by gathering geospatial data, calculating the perimeter and surface area of the glaciers, using a model to estimate glacial volume, and then comparing our findings against the historical record – historical USGS field measurements, historical aerial photographs, tree core data, and geomorphological indicators such as terminal moraines and trim lines. We will then quantify historical change of surface area and perimeter, and if sufficient historical data points are available, we will also calculate a rate of change (both for surface area and extent of the terminus) and predict future glacial advance or retreat. Methodology Targeted Glaciers We will gather data for two subsets of glaciers, one subset from mid-Baranof Island, one subset from the South Baranof Wilderness Area. The first subset of glaciers will consist of two glaciers from mid-Baranof Island, both on or near the Cross-Baranof Island Trail and well known by users of the Sitka Community Use Area. These glaciers are indicated in map attachment 1 – a small valley glacier north of Glacier Lake and a modest icefield north of the Baranof River valley. The second subset of glaciers will consist of three smaller hanging and cirque glaciers from the South Baranof Wilderness Area (see map attachment 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Alaskan Geology
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ALASKAN GEOLOGY , ,. SPECIAL REPORT 22 ..... Compiled by: CRAWFORD E. FRITTS and MILDRED E. BROWN State of Alaska Department of Hat ural Resources OIVISIOH OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY College, Alaska 187 1 STATE OF ALASKA William A. Egan - Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Charles F. Herbert - Commissioner DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William C. Fackler - Assistant Commissioner for Minerals BIBLIOGWHY OF ALASKAN GEOLOGY, 1919-1949 Compiled by Crawford E. Fritrs and Mildred E. Brown College, Alaska 1971 CONTENTS Page Introduction ................................ 1 Purpose. source and format .......,............... 1 Serial publications ........................... 2 Other publishing media .........................ll Miscellaneous abbreviations ....................... 13 Bibliography ................................ 15 Index .................. Arealgeology ............. Earthquakes .............. Economic geology ........... Engineering geology .......... General subjects ........... Geomorphology [or physiography] .... Geophysical surveys .......... Glacial geology ............ Historical geology .......... Maps. geologic ............ Mineralogy .............. Paleoclimatology ........... Paleontology ............. Petrology ............... Physical geology ........... Sedimentation or sedimentary petrology Stratigraphy ............. Structural geology .......... Volcanism and volcanology ....... ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 . Quadrangles and major geographic divisions of Alaska referred to in this report .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Aleuts: an Outline of the Ethnic History
    i Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Roza G. Lyapunova Translated by Richard L. Bland ii As the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has re- sponsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Shared Beringian Heritage Program at the National Park Service is an international program that rec- ognizes and celebrates the natural resources and cultural heritage shared by the United States and Russia on both sides of the Bering Strait. The program seeks local, national, and international participation in the preservation and understanding of natural resources and protected lands and works to sustain and protect the cultural traditions and subsistence lifestyle of the Native peoples of the Beringia region. Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Author: Roza G. Lyapunova English translation by Richard L. Bland 2017 ISBN-13: 978-0-9965837-1-8 This book’s publication and translations were funded by the National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. The book is provided without charge by the National Park Service. To order additional copies, please contact the Shared Beringian Heritage Program ([email protected]). National Park Service Shared Beringian Heritage Program © The Russian text of Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History by Roza G. Lyapunova (Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka” leningradskoe otdelenie, 1987), was translated into English by Richard L.
    [Show full text]
  • East Baranof Island
    East Baranof Province as the highest peaks on Admiralty Island, but they intercept more moisture and are more heavily glaciated. They also appear more jagged, because regional ice levels were somewhat lower during the Great Ice Age, and therefore a greater proportion of their summits stood free of the rounding effects of ice. The unnamed 5,328-ft (1,625 m) mountain at the head of Baranof River is the tallest peak on any Southeast island, and overlooks an icefield of about 5 mi2 (12 km2), the largest such expanse on the archipelago. Catherine Island is a giant “tombolo;” only during extreme high tides is it actually separated from Baranof Island by salt water. The largest streams and rivers draining the interior glaciated highlands are braided and aggrading where they reach the lowlands. Most deliver their silt burden into lakes before reaching the ocean. Only Glacial River, terminating in the south arm of Kelp Bay, carries glacial silt all the way into estuarine salt marshes, and is unique among all archipelago streams in this regard. The Clear River also enters these marshes, forming an instructive contrast. East Baranof Province is one of the wettest regions of Southeast. Little Port Walter on southeastern Baranof receives FIG 1. East Baranof Province. 221 in (561 cm) of precipitation annually. Over most of the province, precipitous terrain During the Great Ice Age, the tall mountain massif of precludes the growth of large expanses of hemlock- northern Baranof became a center from which glaciers spruce forest, particularly in the southern portion of the radiated, flowing east into Chatham Strait and west to province.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Names
    GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Mineral Deposits of Jumbo Basin Southeastern Alaska
    Geology and Mineral Deposits of Jumbo Basin Southeastern Alaska GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 251 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Jumbo Basin Southeastern Alaska By GEORGE C. KENNEDY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 251 A discussion of the contact metamorphism, geomagnetic surveys, magnetite deposits, and iron ore reserves of part of Prince of Whales Island. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract. __________________________________________ 1 Contact metamorphism—Continued Introduction ______________________________________ 1 Metamorphism in the vicinity of the Magnetite Cliff Previous work. _ _ _______________________________ 1 bodies—Continued Present work- ________ 1 Metamorphism of the schists.________________ 20 Acknowledgments. ______________ _______________ 2 Metamorphism of the dike rocks._____________ 20 Geography__ _______________________________________ 2 Metamorphism in the vicinity of the upper magnetite Location and accessibility________________________ 2 bodies_ _______________________---_----_-_____ 21 Topography. ____________________________!______ 3 Exomorphism of the marble__________________ 21 Climate, water supply, and vegetation. ____________ 4 Endomorphism of the intrusive rocks__________ 22 History and production______________________________ 4 Metamorphism
    [Show full text]
  • Clarence Leroy Andrews Books and Papers in the Sheldon Jackson Archives and Manuscript Collection
    Clarence Leroy Andrews Books and Papers in the Sheldon Jackson Archives and Manuscript Collection ERRATA: based on an inventory of the collection August-November, 2013 Page 2. Insert ANDR I RUSS I JX238 I F82S. Add note: "The full record for this item is on page 108." Page6. ANDR I RUSS I V46 /V.3 - ANDR-11. Add note: "This is a small booklet inserted inside the front cover of ANDR-10. No separate barcode." Page 31. ANDR IF I 89S I GS. Add note: "The spine label on this item is ANDR IF I 89S I 84 (not GS)." Page S7. ANDR IF I 912 I Y9 I 88. Add note: "The spine label on this item is ANDR IF/ 931 I 88." Page 61. Insert ANDR IF I 931 I 88. Add note: "See ANDR IF I 912 I Y9 I 88. Page 77. ANDR I GI 6SO I 182S I 84. Change the date in the catalog record to 1831. It is not 1931. Page 100. ANDR I HJ I 664S I A2. Add note to v.1: "A" number in book is A-2S2, not A-717. Page 103. ANDR I JK / 86S. Add note to 194S pt. 2: "A" number in book is A-338, not A-348. Page 10S. ANDR I JK I 9S03 I A3 I 19SO. Add note: "A" number in book is A-1299, not A-1229. (A-1229 is ANDR I PS/ S71 / A4 I L4.) Page 108. ANDR I RUSS I JX I 238 / F82S. Add note: "This is a RUSS collection item and belongs on page 2." Page 1SS.
    [Show full text]
  • Dixon Entrance
    118 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 8, Chapter 4 19 SEP 2021 Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 8—Chapter 4 131°W 130°W NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml 133°W 132°W UNITEDCANADA ST ATES 17420 17424 56°N A 17422 C L L U A S R N R 17425 E I E N N E V C P I E L L A S D T N G R A I L B A G E E I L E T V A H N E D M A L 17423 C O C M I H C L E S P A B A L R N N I A A N L A N C C D E 17428 O F W 17430 D A 17427 Ketchikan N L A E GRAVINA ISLAND L S A T N I R S N E E O L G T R P A E T A S V S I E L N A L P I A S G S L D I L A G O N E D H D C O I N C 55°N H D A A N L N T E E L L DUKE ISLAND L N I I S L CORDOVA BAY D N A A N L T D R O P C Cape Chacon H A T H A 17437 17433 M S O Cape Muzon U N 17434 D DIXON ENTRANCE Langara Island 17420 54°N GRAHAM ISLAND HECATE STRAIT (Canada) 19 SEP 2021 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Paper No. 293
    PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND SUBSISTENCE STEELHEAD HARVEST AND USE PATTERN by Michael F. Turek Technical Paper No. 293 Final report to the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management, Subsistence Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program to fulfill obligations for Sikes Act Contract Number 43-0109-3-0222 Study Number FIS 01-105 (03-651) Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence P.O. Box 25526 Juneau, Alaska 99802 June 2005 The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management conducts all programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, national origin, age, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. For information on alternative formats available for this publication please contact the Office of Subsistence Management to make necessary arrangements. Any person who believes she or he has been discriminated against should write to: Office of Subsistence Management, 3610 C Street, Suite 1030, Anchorage, AK 99503; or O.E.O., U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements................................................................................................................iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Adult Sockeye and Pink Salmon Tagging Experiments for Separating Stocks in Northern British Columbia and Southern Southeast Alaska, 1982-1985
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-18 Adult Sockeye and Pink Salmon Tagging Experiments for Separating Stocks in Northern British Columbia and Southern Southeast Alaska, 1982-1985 by Jerome Pella, Margaret Hoffman, Stephen Hoffman, Michele Masuda, Sam Nelson, and Larry Talley U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center August 1993 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series will be used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Pella, J., M. Hoffman, S. Hoffman, M. Masuda, S. Nelson, and L. Talley 1993. Adult sockeye and pink salmon tagging experiments for separating stocks in northern British Columbia and southern Southeast Alaska, 1982-1985 U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS- AFSC-18, 134 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-18 Adult Sockeye and Pink Salmon Tagging Experiments for Separating Stocks in Northern British Columbia and Southern Southeast Alaska, 1982-1985 bY Jerome Pella’, Margaret Hoffman’, Stephen Hoffman: Michele Masuda’, Sam Nelson’, and Larry Talley’ ‘Auke Bay Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center 11305 Glacier Highway Juneau AK 99801-8626 ‘Alaska Department of Fish and Game Region 1 P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Uncruise Adventures Brochure
    National Parks by Water Preserving Our Past. Protecting Our Future. Unrivaled. 1 100 Years of Advocacy Dear Friend, National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA)—a powerful, nonpartisan organization—has worked to defend America’s most significant places since 1919. Our founders knew that national parks needed a voice to protect them. And that’s still the case today. We proudly carry on this important mission with supporters like you and encourage the next generation to care for them as much as we do. With our shared commitment to protecting fragile ecosystems and local communities, our partnership with UnCruise Adventures offers you unforgettable travel opportunities. For more than 20 years, UnCruise’s small ship experiences have inspired an appreciation of local cultures and the natural world. Find your connection to our natural heritage—by kayak, hike, bushwhack, and skiff ride, and know you’re helping NPCA ensure that future generations can experience these treasured places. Theresa Pierno President & CEO National Parks Conservation Association 2 Un-Cruise® – Panama and Costa Rica November 2018-April 2020 READY. SET. GO. get active & inspired launching NEW in 2019 small ship adventures warm- WILD hearted Places crew ALASKA | COLUMBIA & SNAKE RIVERS | PACIFIC NORTHWEST | HAWAIIAN ISLANDS | MEXICO | COSTA RICA & PANAMÁ | GALÁPAGOS “Perfect balance of fun and relaxed activities. The educational aspect added high value. The crew soon felt like family and friends yet always acted with top professional standards. The entire experience was unforgettable.” — Kazemaru B; Hakalau, HI (Hawaii 2016) 4 UnCruise.com Adventure The spirit of adventure comes in many forms, and all are welcome. An avid kayaker? A snorkeling newbie? Long-distance hiker or slow-paced beachcomber? Your expedition team helps you find the right fit.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Information Regarding the Movements of Salmon Between Northern British Columbia and Southeast Alaska
    BACKGROUND INFORMATION REGARDING THE MOVEMENTS OF SALMON BETWEEN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA Prepared by Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station Nanairno, B. c. October, 1965 ,·_: CONFIDENTIAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION REGARDING THE MOVEMENTS OF SALMON BETWEEN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA Prepared by Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. c. FOREWORD Joint consideration by the United States and Canada of management problems caused by the movements of salmon between Northern British Columbia and Southeast Alaska began with the formation in 1959 of an international 11 Committee on problems of mutual concern related to the conservation and 11 management of salmon stocks in Southeast Alaska and Northern British Columbia • Background information on events leading up to the formation of this Committee and a brief outline of the Committee's activities from 1959 to the present are included in Appendix A of this report. Details of the Committee's findings are included in the Committee's most recent report (April 196~), copies of which have already been distributed. Since studies reported by the Committee were completed, a considerable amount of tagging has been done by Canadian and United States vessels, both on the high seas and coastal waters, as part of the INPFC research program. A brief account of the results of these tagging programs bearing on the problem of movements of salmon in the Northern British Columbia~Southeast Alaska area is given in Appendix B. In the Committee's report, information on the extent of interception was not available for all areas of concern. For this reason some of the estimates were characterized as being ''minimum".
    [Show full text]