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Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21St Century

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Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21St Century Russian National Strategy and ROK "*3644"&03, 6/*, ب֙ োҳزച ߂ Ҵઁ੸ ҕ؀޹р੹ۚ Russian National Strategy and ROK - Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21st Century "*3644"&6,03/*, ب֙ োҳ FEJUFECZ+VOH)P#BFBOE"MFYBOEFS/'FEPSPWTLJZزച ߂ Ҵઁ੸ ҕ؀޹р੹ۚ Russian National Strategy and ROK - Russian - Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21 Strategic Partnership in the 21st Century st Century "*3644"&03, 6/*, ب֙ োҳزച ߂ Ҵઁ੸ ҕ؀޹р੹ۚ Russian National Strategy and ROK - Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21st Century FEJUFECZ+VOH)P#BFBOE"MFYBOEFS/'FEPSPWTLJZ 3VTTJBO/BUJPOBM4USBUFHZBOE30,3VTTJBO 4USBUFHJD1BSUOFSTIJQJOUIFTU $FOUVSZ 1SJOUFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFECZ ,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO ,*/6 1VCMJTIFS 1SFTJEFOU ,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO &EJUPS $FOUFSGPS*OUFSOBUJPOBM3FMBUJPOT4UVEJFT ,*/6 3FHJTUSBUJPOOVNCFS /P "QSJM "EESFTT 4BJMHV (JM (BOHCVLHV 4FPVM ,PSFB [JQDPEF 5FMFQIPOF 'BY )PNFQBHF IUUQXXXLJOVPSLS %FTJHOh1SJOU :FBXPO$SFBUJWF)PVTF$P -UE *4#/ 1SJDF Ń 64 $PQZSJHIU,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO "MM,*/6QVCMJDBUJPOTBSFBWBJMBCMFGPSQVSDIBTFBUBMMNBKPSCPPLTUPSFJO,PSFB "MTPBWBJMBCMFBU(PWFSONFOU1SJOUJOH0GGJDF4BMFT$FOUFS 4UPSF 0GGJDF Russian National Strategy and ROK - Russian Strategic Partnership in the 21st Century 5IF BOBMZTFT DPNNFOUT BOE PUIFS PQJOJPOT DPOUBJOFE JO UIF UIJTNPOPHSBQIBSFUIPTFPGUIFBVUIPSTBOEEPOPUOFDFTTBSJMZ SFQSFTFOUUIFWJFXTPGUIF,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO Preface Northeast Asia and the Korean Peninsula are regions where the interests of G4, which are the United States, Japan, China and Russia, are interconnected. The interconnection of these countries’ interests can affect the stability and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula and South Korea’s policy toward North Korea. Therefore, Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU) has been actively developing policy exchanges with major countries such as the United States, Japan, Russia, and Germany since its establishment in 1991. In the case of Russia, The Center for North Korean Studies at KINU has been building policy networks with Russia’s major Strategic the 21 Century in Partnership NationalRussian Strategy ROK-Russian and institutes such as Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Institute for Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and Moscow MGIMO University of the MOFA of the Russian Federation, making efforts in exchanging experts. This is because Russia plays a critical role for the peace and prosperity of the Korean peninsula in the process of working towards, and after, unification. Russia also needs Korea as an important “strategic cooperation partner.” st This study aims to strengthen trust between Korea and Russia through promoting mutual understanding and improving the quality of policy network. The study is the outcome of the joint research of KINU and IMEMO. As the editor of this volume, I hope this study i may help experts, students and readers in Korea and in the countries surrounding the Korean Peninsula to have a clearer understanding of Russia’s national strategy, Northeast strategy, Far East and Siberia strategy, and the importance of the “strategic cooperation partnership” between Korea and Russia. I think this research, along with the participation of representative experts of Korea and Russia, will be useful in grasping Russia’s foreign perspective and strategy and to understand its foreign policy that it pursues. Jung-Ho Bae (Director of the Center for International Relations Studies at KINU) Alexander N. Fedorovskiy (Head of Section for Pacific Studies at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, IMEMO) Preface ii Introduction 1. The Peace and Prosperity of the East Asian Region in the 21st Century and the Strategic Importance of Russia Northeast Asia and the Korean Peninsula are regions where the interests of G4 powers are interconnected. Moreover, the issue of the Korean Peninsula is both an inter-Korean issue and an international issue. In other words, the interconnection of the strong powers’ interests in this region may greatly affect the stability and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula and the policy toward North Korea and unification of the Korean government. Strategic the 21 Century in Partnership NationalRussian Strategy ROK-Russian and The interconnection of Northeast regions such as the United States, Japan, China, Russia, and the Korean Peninsula may also affect the resolution of the nuclear issue, the establishment of a new peace structure, and North Korea’s joining of international society and regime transformation. In light of this perspective, Russia is strategically as important as China. In Korea’s position, the strategic importance of Russia is as st follows: First, Russia is very crucial to strategically hold China in check in the settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue. China neglected the moral of its foreign policy on the Cheonan sinking incident and Yeonpyeong attack where it was busy “siding” with North Korea. iii Such behavior as previously demonstrated by China has disappointed not only the Korean public but also the international society. In other words, so far from helping the settlement of Korean Peninsula issue which is for the peace and prosperity of the Northeast region, China’s foreign behavior is an obstacle. China is promoting the maintenance of the status quo by “stitching up” the North Korea issue rather than actually solving the problem. Russia can take a strategically important role in reversing China’s such policy stance and position towards the Korean Peninsula. Russia is inwardly keeping China, which has risen as G2, in check and has been supporting the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula. In other words, Korea and Russia have common interests in terms of the strategies of cooperation and restraint toward China. Second, Russia is strategically important to secure energy resources for the development of Korea. The Far East and the Siberia region are the repository of natural resources such as oil and natural gas; thus, many countries have been competitively advancing projects that reach hundreds of millions or tens of billions of dollars. The resource development of the Far East and Siberia is not only the lifeline of Russia’s future but also of significance to the future of the Korean economy because of Korea’s geoeconomic proximity to the region. Therefore, Korea is discussing the ways to bring the natural gas of Far East and Siberia region through vessels or pipelines passing by North Korea and through linking Trans-Korean Railway (TKR) and Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR). On the other hand, Korea is very important for the national interests Introduction iv of Russia as well. Korea is crucial to Russia in pursuing the development of Siberia and Far East holding China in check. Especially, when “the capital and technology of South Korea + labor of North Korea” is invested in the development of Siberia region, it will contribute to Russia’s economic development, including the inducement of Japan’s investment. Also, the investment of unified Korea into Russia and Russia’s development will effectively keep China in check. Therefore, in light of the strategic significance of Russia, Korea should develop its strategic policy toward Russia and impress on Russia its strategic importance for Russia’s national interest. To accomplish this, Korea should make strategic efforts to harmonize the interests of the Korean Peninsula and Russia, and Strategic the 21 Century in Partnership NationalRussian Strategy ROK-Russian and should, in particular, analyze and study what concerns Russia most in the case of Korea-led unification. In other words, Korea should persuade Russia that a unified Korea is more beneficial than a divided Korea in terms of the national interest of Russia, namely its check policy toward China and its pursuit of the development of Siberia. st v 2. Main Structure and Contents of This Book This book is designed based on the conceptualization described above. The purpose of this joint project between Korean and Russian specialists is to increase the mutual understanding of both countries, to strengthen the trust relationship, and to further the quality of policy networking. In 2010 it has been stressed that specialist viewpoints should be of foremost consideration, and this book is the outcome of a collaborative research effort. This book is the product of a joint project between the Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU) in the Republic of Korea and the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) in the Russian Federation. IMEMO is renowned worldwide and especially in Korea, as Korean political elites and scholars had visited IMEMO even before the normalization of foreign relations between two countries on September 30, 1990. IMEMO has a solid reputation in the fields of international relations and economic issues, with the most globalized research capacity in Russia. KINU and IMEMO worked together to research the major problems Russia is facing in international relations and the current issues on 4which Korea and Russia must cooperate in the future. The ultimate goal of this kind of project is to establish a genuine Russia-Korea “Strategic Partnership” through academics. All the articles in this book represent subjects vital to the present and future development of Korea-Russia relations. Its contents can be Introduction vi categorized into two areas. The first subject area is issues of Russia’s diplomacy and general security strategies,
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