DOCSLIB.ORG

Contents AIR Currents Special Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contents AIR Currents Special Edition AIR Currents OctOBER 22 2013 Special Edition What the Top 5 Historical U.S. Hurricanes and Earthquakes Would Cost Today Many historical disasters, were they to calculated for the top five historical U.S. The most devastating historical happen today, would cause far more hurricanes and earthquakes, based on earthquakes happened not in California insured loss than any recent event. Only today’s replacement values. but in the central U.S., where Missouri, Hurricane Katrina, at insured losses of Tennessee, and Kentucky come together. USD 45 billion, would make it into the The most expensive hurricane would The earthquake “triplet” that struck top five historical hurricanes; Sandy, at be the Miami Hurricane of 1926. This the New Madrid Seismic Zone in the over USD 18 billion, doesn’t even make Category 4 storm devastated Miami, winter of 1811-1812 occurred when the the top 10. Only one earthquake in the the Florida Panhandle, and Alabama. It region was sparsely populated. Today, last 100 years—the 1994 Northridge is estimated that between 25,000 and a recurrence of this event would cause earthquake—would make the top five 50,000 people in the Miami area were insured losses in excess of USD 110 billion. list for that peril. left homeless (out of a population of about 100,000), and nearly 370 people Of course, as high as these losses are, Using AIR’s robust simulation were killed. If this event happened today, they do not represent the worst case methodology and detailed industry AIR estimates that insured losses would scenarios. exposure databases, insured losses were reach USD 128 billion. Top Five U.S. Hurricanes and Earthquakes by Insured Loss, Based on Current Exposures 140 Hurricane* 120 Earthquake** *Modeled wind and storm surge losses to onshore 100 property, contents, and time element coverages for residential, mobile home, commercial, and auto 80 exposures in the U.S. as of December 31, 2012. Losses include demand surge. 60 **Modeled shake and fire-following losses to onshore property, contents, and time element coverages for 40 residential, mobile home, commercial, and auto Loss (USD Billions) exposures in the U.S. as of December 31, 2012. Losses 20 include demand surge. 0 1812 New 1906 San Andrew Katrina 1926Hurricane Miami Hurricane Hurricane Madrid, MO Francisco, CA 1992 Hurricane 2005 Hurricane 1886 Charleston, SC 1947 Fort Lauderdale 1994 Northridge, CA 1928 Great Okeechobee Event 1838 San Francisco, CA Contents PCI Annual Meeting WHAT THE TOP FIVE HISTORICAL U.S. HURRICANES AND 1 EARTHQUAKES WOULD COST TODAY UNDERSTANDING THE CLOUD 2 THE COASTLINE AT RISK 3 NORTHEAST U.S. HURRICANE RISK 4 Understanding the Cloud Cloud computing is the latest technology Here’s the bird’s-eye view of the pros and cons of cloud deployment: trend dominating the consumer space, and the language of cloud computing is On-Premises quickly entering the corporate lexicon. PROS CONS According to technology research firm – Data remains inside the corporate – I nfrastructure and IT support costs Gartner, “Consumer adoption of cloud firewall – Hardware acquisition hurdles services will continue to increase in the – Minimal security and privacy risks – Hard to adjust resources as demand coming years, with one-third of personal – Minimal latency and bandwidth issues grows or shrinks data being stored in the cloud by 2016.” The insurance industry, however, seems to be responding more cautiously. In Public Cloud PROS CONS a recent AIR survey, 65% of our clients indicated that their organization would – Ease of acquiring needed compute – Data security and privacy concerns not be moving their data into the cloud capacity – Potential stability and availability in the near future. – Reduced up-front investment issues (service outage) – Scalability – quickly add additional – Still requires internal IT While this figure may well change over resources as needed (configuration and support) time, AIR has chosen a technology – Mobility – access the software from – Bandwidth issues – getting data in strategy that accommodates our clients’ any computer and out demand for choice. Touchstone®, AIR’s next generation modeling platform, can Private Cloud be deployed on premises, in the cloud, PROS CONS or fully integrated into existing business – All the Pros of the public cloud plus – Potential stability and availability applications. – Cloud optimized for cat modeling issues (service outage) – AIR supports both software and – Data security and privacy concerns But what about cost? infrastructure – Bandwidth – getting data in and Cloud-based deployments are often – Enables big data analytics out portrayed as cheaper relative to on- premises deployments. Using pricing Furthermore, if the model provider By offering companies the choice of sheets from major hardware vendors overlays a “pay-per-analysis” business how and where they want to deploy and public cloud providers, AIR model, the costs can escalate quickly, their risk analytics—and being open and estimates that, for one representative forcing the model user to think about the transparent about the costs and benefits configuration, the annual cost of a cost/benefit ratio of every model run. In of each option—AIR is helping clients (public) cloud deployment can be as an environment where companies are own the risk in a cost-effective manner much as 60% higher than on-premises looking to do more modeling rather than most appropriate for them today, and deployment. less, no one should have to worry about partnering directly with them as their the incremental cost of every analysis. needs evolve over time. AIR is committed to helping establish a catastrophe modeling environment that works best for your organization. 2 The Coastline at Risk While the scientific debate over the STATE TOTAL COASTAL effects of global warming on the (USD COUNTIES PERCENT STAte BILLIONS) (USD BILLIONS) COASTAL frequency of U.S. hurricane landfalls Alabama 917.8 118.2 13% remains inconclusive, there is no question that the continued increase in the Connecticut 879.1 567.8 65% number and value of exposed properties Delaware 208.9 81.9 39% in coastal states and counties has Florida 3,640.1 2,862.3 79% contributed to increasing hurricane losses Georgia 1,932.2 106.7 6% for insurers and reinsurers. Louisiana 823.0 293.5 36% Maine 285.5 164.6 58% Historically, the insured value of Maryland 1,293.4 17.3 1% properties in coastal states has grown at a compound annual rate of about Massachusetts 1,561.4 849.6 54% 7%. That translates to a doubling every Mississippi 468.5 60.6 13% decade —of insured values and insured New Hampshire 278.7 64.0 23% losses. Although housing starts took a New Jersey 2,129.9 713.9 34% significant downturn during the post- New York 4,724.2 2,923.1 62% 2008 recession, indications are that North Carolina 1,795.1 163.5 9% growth is already picking up and may Rhode Island 207.5 58.3 28% soon be back to historical levels. South Carolina 843.6 239.3 28% The table shows AIR Worldwide’s Texas 4,580.7 1,175.3 26% estimates for the insured value of Virginia 1,761.7 182.3 10% residential and commercial properties ALL STATES ABOVE 28,331.4 10,642.2 38% in coastal states and, separately, in the TOTAL U.S. 64,624.3 10,642.2 16% coastal counties within those states, as of the start of 2013. * Total insured value of properties is an estimate of the cost to replace structures and their contents, including additional living expenses and business interruption coverage, for all residential and commercial property in the state that is insured or can be insured. We are pleased to announce that the Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology (FCHLPM) has certified Touchstone for use in Florida rate filings! ® 3 Northeast U.S. Hurricane Risk Category at 8 12 Northeast Landfall 7 13 Category 1 6 9 3 Category 2 2 Category 3 Since 1900, 14 hurricanes have made landfall in the 4 Northeast, at Category 3 1 Unnamed (1903) 5 2 Unnamed (1924) 1 Great New England Hurricane of 1938 3 Unnamed (1934) Most powerful Northeast hurricane of the 20th century 4 Great New England (1938) Storms that reach the 5 Great Atlantic (1944) Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944 Northeast are commonly Carol (1954) 10 First use of aircraft reconnaissance 6 14 characterized by rapid 7 Edna (1954) Hurricane Carol, 1954 forward movement, high 8 Donna (1960) Prompted formation of National Hurricane winds, and coastal flooding 9 Gerde (1969) Center 10 Agnes (1972) Hurricane Edna, 1954 11 Belle (1976) Followed Hurricane Carol by 10 days 12 Gloria (1985) 13 Bob (1991) Hurricane Donna, 1960 Boston records 145 mph wind gust 14 Sandy (2012) Hurricane Gloria, 1985 1.5 million New Yorkers lose power 11 Hurricane Bob, 1991 Second-costliest hurricane at the time $ $ In coastal Hurricane Sandy, 2012 counties of Largest hurricane ever recorded: 1,100 miles wide $ $$ the Northeast, $$$ USD 5.3 $$ trillion of insured Note that hurricanes that reach the Northeast are often in the process of extratropical transition; exposure is at risk some are no longer tropical at the time of landfall, 5 but can maintain hurricane-strength winds. WHAT CAN HAPPEN NEXT TIME? Boston Albany Syracuse Buffalo Providence Hartford $ 0 25 50 100 New York City Miles $ Loss Philadelphia USD Millions The large storm, with a The storm’s fast forward Storm surge causes Sustained winds of up to radius of maximum winds speed (56 mph) results in a flooding in coastal areas of 110 mph (borderline < $0.5 Atlantic City (Rmax) of 50 miles, affects highly asymmetrical wind New Jersey and southern Cat 2/Cat 3) cause $0.5 to $1 11 states.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bob Was a Shoo-Shoo
    NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard Bob Was a Shoo-Shoo Every boy that grew up in New Orleans (at least in my age group) that managed to get himself into the least bit of mischief knows that the local expression for a firecracker that doesn’t go off is a “shoo-shoo”. It means a dud, something that may have started off hot, but ended in a fizzle. It just didn’t live up to its expectations. It could also be used to describe other things that didn’t deliver the desired wallop, such as an over-promoted “hot date” or even a tropical storm that (fortunately) wasn’t as damaging as its forecast. Back in 1968, I thought for a moment that I was that “dud” date, but was informed by the young lady I was escorting that she had called me something entirely different. “Chou chou” (pronounced exactly like shoo-shoo) was a reduplicative French term of endearment, meaning “my little cabbage”. Being a “petite” healthy leafy vegetable was somehow a lot better than being a non-performing firecracker. At least I wasn’t the only one. In 2009 the Daily Mail reported on a “hugely embarrassing video” in which Carla Bruni called Nicolas Sarkozy my ‘chou chou’ and “caused a sensation across France”. Bruni and Sarkozy: no “shoo-shoo” here The glamourous former model turned pop singer planted a passionate kiss on the French President and then whispered “‘Bon courage, chou chou’, which means ‘Be brave, my little darling’.” The paper explained, “A ‘chou’ is a cabbage in French, though when used twice in a row becomes a term of affection between young lovers meaning ‘little darling’.” I even noticed in the recent French movie “Populaire” that the male lead called his rapid-typing secretary and love interest “chou”, which somehow became “pumpkin” in the subtitles.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane and Tropical Storm
    State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating a Hurricane Tolerant Community
    H!rt a. * am Hef7%e,,, io94 s~ NtA B.6~ «e ( >15 A Hurt a Comlnl Of+ Venice 19 "I t~Y: Oonald C aillOllette IC' i 2w-;vC p %7 iET ! A. 14- C M-i -r CREATING A HURRICANE TOLERANT COMMUNITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . 1 .. Author's Notes . 5 Introduction . 6 Geography of Venice . Coastal Area Redevelopment Plan . 26 Venice Compliance Program . 62 Developing a Tolerant Building. 104 Hurricane Damage Prevention Project. .118 Growing Native for Nature ................. 136 Hurricane Defense Squadron . ............... 148 Executive Summary ..................... 157 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S This pilot study was contracted through the State of Florida and was made possible by funding provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). William Massey and Eugene P. Zeizel, Ph.D. of FEMA and Michael McDonald with the Florida Department of Community Affairs were all instrumental in developing the scope of work and funding for this study. Special thanks go to the Venice City Council and City Manager George Hunt for their approval and support of the study. MAYOR: MERLE L. GRASER CITY COUNCIL: EARL MIDLAM, VICE MAYOR CHERYL BATTEY ALAN McEWEN DEAN CALAMARAS BRYAN HOLCOMB MAGGIE TURNER A study of this type requires time for the gathering of information from a variety of sources along with the assembling of these resources into a presentable format. Approximately six months were needed for the development of this study. The Venice Planning Department consisting of Chuck Place, Director, and Cyndy Powers need to be recognized for their encouragement and support of this document from the beginning to the end.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
    FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Interactions Between Estuary Water Quality and Terrestrial Land Cover in Hurricane Events with Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Assessing Interactions between Estuary Water Quality and Terrestrial Land Cover in Hurricane Events with Multi-sensor Remote Sensing Chandan Mostafiz University of Central Florida Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Mostafiz, Chandan, Assessing" Interactions between Estuary Water Quality and Terrestrial Land Cover in Hurricane Events with Multi-sensor Remote Sensing" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5688. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5688 ASSESSING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ESTUARY WATER QUALITY AND TERRESTRIAL LAND COVER IN HURRICANE EVENTS WITH MULTI-SENSOR REMOTE SENSING by CHANDAN MOSTAFIZ B.S. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2017 Major Professor: Ni-Bin Chang © 2017 Chandan Mostafiz ii ABSTRACT Estuaries are environmentally, ecologically and environmentally important places as they act as a meeting place for land, freshwater and marine ecosystems. They are also called nurseries of the sea as they often provide nesting and feeding habitats for many aquatic plants and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Massachusetts Tropical Cyclone Profile August 2021
    Commonwealth of Massachusetts Tropical Cyclone Profile August 2021 Commonwealth of Massachusetts Tropical Cyclone Profile Description Tropical cyclones, a general term for tropical storms and hurricanes, are low pressure systems that usually form over the tropics. These storms are referred to as “cyclones” due to their rotation. Tropical cyclones are among the most powerful and destructive meteorological systems on earth. Their destructive phenomena include storm surge, high winds, heavy rain, tornadoes, and rip currents. As tropical storms move inland, they can cause severe flooding, downed trees and power lines, and structural damage. Once a tropical cyclone no longer has tropical characteristics, it is then classified as a post-tropical system. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has classified four stages of tropical cyclones: • Tropical Depression: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33 knots) or less. • Tropical Storm: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph (34 to 63 knots). • Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher. • Major Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 111 mph (96 knots) or higher, corresponding to a Category 3, 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Primary Hazards Storm Surge and Storm Tide Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide. Storm surge and large waves produced by hurricanes pose the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. They also pose a significant risk for drowning. Storm tide is the total water level rise during a storm due to the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Preparing Boats & Marinas for Hurricanes
    THE GUIDE TO PREPARING BOATS & MARINAS FOR HURRICANES oat owners from Maine to Experts also fear that after a number to leave the marina when a hurricane Texas have reason to become of storm-free years, people in some of threatens. Ask the marina manager edgy in the late summer and the vulnerable areas will be less wary of what hurricane plan the marina has in fall: Each year, on average, a storm’s potential fury. But to residents place. two hurricanes will come of Texas, crippled by Maria, and Florida, B ashore somewhere along the Gulf or ravaged by Irma in 2017 (Irma was the Planning where your boat will best Atlantic coast, destroying homes, strongest hurricane ever recorded in survive a storm, and what protective sinking boats, and turning people’s lives the Atlantic), the hurricane threat won’t steps you need to take when a topsy-turvy for weeks, or even months. soon be forgotten. hurricane threatens, should begin This year, who knows? Florida is struck before hurricane season. The BoatU.S. almost twice as often, but every coastal Marine Insurance claim files have shown state is a potential target. Developing a Plan that the probability of damage can be If you own a boat, the first step in devel- reduced considerably by choosing the Experts predict that as global tempera- oping a preparation plan is to review most storm-worthy location possible tures rise, tropical storms will increase in your dock contract for language that and having your plan ready long before strength and drop even more rainfall.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazard Mitigation Plan
    Source: Wikimedia Town of Savoy, MA HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN April 2021 Prepared by: westonandsampson.com SAVOY, MA Hazard Mitigation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 What is a Hazard Mitigation Plan?............................................................................1-1 1.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning in Savoy ........................................................................1-2 1.3 Planning Process Summary .....................................................................................1-3 1.3.1 Core Team ...........................................................................................................1-3 1.3.2 Stakeholder Involvement ......................................................................................1-5 1.3.3 Plan Layout ..........................................................................................................1-5 1.4 Planning Timeline.....................................................................................................1-5 2.0 HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS ...................................................................................2-6 3.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE, LAND USE, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS.......................3-1 3.1 Community Profile ....................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Land Use..................................................................................................................3-4
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 Weather Trivia Calendar
    DECEMBER FEBRUARY 1 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2000 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 .:7~b~~rJ 27 28 29 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1999: Nine people died and 25 others were injured when an avalanche swept down on 1 a New Year's celebration in an Inuit village. The avalanche crashed into a gym in Kangiqsualujjuaq, PO, a coastal village 1,500 km north of Montreal on Ungava Bay. Villagers Immediately began kicking and digging by hand through 3 m of snow in a frantic effort to free dozens of trapped people. ..... ----------- .. ]1--------­ New Year's Day 1999: Winter's first big 2 1134: Severe cold and heavy 3 1876: Balmy temperatures 4 1999: For the second day, 1998: Fear of a flood placed 1999: It was so cold in the 7 1996: During Ice Storm '98, 8 snowstorm in southern Ontario snowtall-In some cases over prevailed across southern blizzard conditions forced the 5 the Calgary Zoo on "Operation 6 Yukon that propane turned to the OntariO Ministry 01 Food was a near-historic event. 120 cm deeP-1lripped the OntariO as evidenced by the cancellation 01 funeral Noah" alert when sudden jelly. In Whitehorse, the and Agriculture advised In downtown Toronto, the Prairies. In Alberta, 500,000 unprecedented blooming 01 a services for the 9 people Ireezing temperatures caused thermometer fell to ·40·C for sheep farmers that "Peter 39 cm of snow came within a head of sheep and caltle suffered ,Japan quince (Pyrus japonica).
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-1993: an Historical Survey, the Only Books Or Reports Exclu- Sively on Florida Hurricanes Were R.W
    3. 2b -.I 3 Contents List of Tables, Figures, and Plates, ix Foreword, xi Preface, xiii Chapter 1. Introduction, 1 Chapter 2. Historical Discussion of Florida Hurricanes, 5 1871-1900, 6 1901-1930, 9 1931-1960, 16 1961-1990, 24 Chapter 3. Four Years and Billions of Dollars Later, 36 1991, 36 1992, 37 1993, 42 1994, 43 Chapter 4. Allison to Roxanne, 47 1995, 47 Chapter 5. Hurricane Season of 1996, 54 Appendix 1. Hurricane Preparedness, 56 Appendix 2. Glossary, 61 References, 63 Tables and Figures, 67 Plates, 129 Index of Named Hurricanes, 143 Subject Index, 144 About the Authors, 147 Tables, Figures, and Plates Tables, 67 1. Saffir/Simpson Scale, 67 2. Hurricane Classification Prior to 1972, 68 3. Number of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Combined Total Storms by 10-Year Increments, 69 4. Florida Hurricanes, 1871-1996, 70 Figures, 84 l A-I. Great Miami Hurricane 2A-B. Great Lake Okeechobee Hurricane 3A-C.Great Labor Day Hurricane 4A-C. Hurricane Donna 5. Hurricane Cleo 6A-B. Hurricane Betsy 7A-C. Hurricane David 8. Hurricane Elena 9A-C. Hurricane Juan IOA-B. Hurricane Kate 1 l A-J. Hurricane Andrew 12A-C. Hurricane Albert0 13. Hurricane Beryl 14A-D. Hurricane Gordon 15A-C. Hurricane Allison 16A-F. Hurricane Erin 17A-B. Hurricane Jerry 18A-G. Hurricane Opal I9A. 1995 Hurricane Season 19B. Five 1995 Storms 20. Hurricane Josephine , Plates, X29 1. 1871-1880 2. 1881-1890 Foreword 3. 1891-1900 4. 1901-1910 5. 1911-1920 6. 1921-1930 7. 1931-1940 These days, nothing can escape the watchful, high-tech eyes of the National 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Preparedness Guide for Parishes & Schools
    ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF BOSTON Hurricane Preparedness Guide for Parishes & Schools 2020 Hurricane Season Hurricane Preparedness – Parishes & Schools RCAB OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS What is a Hurricane? .............................................................................................................. 1 Hurricane Classifications: The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale ....................................... 1 Hurricane Threats ................................................................................................................................ 3 Storm Surge ............................................................................................................................................. 3 High Winds .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Heavy Rains ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Tornadoes in the Wake of Hurricanes ......................................................................................... 3 Hurricanes in New England .............................................................................................................. 4 Hurricane Irene ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Hurricane Advisories: Watches and Warnings .......................................................................
    [Show full text]