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Of an Loc by Sam Mcgowan

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Of an Loc by Sam Mcgowan The Hercules of An Loc By Sam McGowan The crew of a C-130 showed incredible courage during the harrowing battle for An Loc. he seldom-used runway at the National Museum of the US Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, opened one day in August 2011 to allow a special aircraft Tto land. The C-130E, serial No. 62-1787, had served long years on Active Duty and with Air National Guard units. Just before retirement, it had been reassigned to Active Duty with the 19th Airlift Wing at Little Rock AFB, Ark. Few of the crew or maintainers of this Hercules knew it had flown a heroic but little-heralded mission late in the Vietnam War. Even when it arrived at the museum, few of those who saw it 66 AIR FORCE Magazine / October 2012 At the height of the war, the 834th Air Division had just under 100 C-130s temporarily assigned to it, along with a wing each of Fairchild C-123 Providers and de Havilland C-7 Caribous. By April 1972, though, the C-123s and C-7s had been given to South Vietnam, and C-130 strength in Pacific Air Forces had been reduced to one wing, the 374th Tactical Airlift Wing, based at Ching Chuan Kang Air Base, commonly known as CCK, on Taiwan. Another squadron was based at Clark AB, Philippines, but was also in the process of inactivating. Cam Ranh Air Base, once the primary C-130 field, transferred to South Vietnamese control. A detachment from the 374th TAW at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, outside Saigon, controlled the remaining C-130s. All Hell Broke Loose The C-130 force that had seen ex- tensive action in 1968 and 1969 spent nearly two years flying basic logistics missions. Consequently, only a handful of crews still maintained tactical profi- ciency. Pilots and other crew members who had seen heavy action had either retired, been discharged, or moved into new assignments outside the C-130 community. Young men fresh out of training and men coming out of Military Airlift Command C-141s and Strategic Air Command bombers replaced them. Suddenly, in early April 1972, all hell broke loose. While the United States was with- drawing from South Vietnam, the North Vietnamese had built up their forces in Laos, despite a massive air campaign there by US fighters and AC-130 gun- ships based in Thailand. The North Vietnamese were preparing for a large- scale invasion of the South. Allied intel- ligence discovered in early March three People’s Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) infantry divisions just across the border land knew why it had been especially complex into Laos. Once that happened, from Tay Ninh province. They expected chosen for display there. the war in South Vietnam dropped to a the soldiers to make attacks on towns This C-130, however, had been one of low ebb, with little fighting. in the region. Instead, the PAVN troops several pressed into service to save the By the spring of 1972, the American discreetly moved across the border into besieged city of An Loc, South Vietnam, presence in South Vietnam had been the adjoining Binh Long province and in 1972, after the US had already begun drastically reduced, as US forces turned captured the town and airfield at Loc disengaging from the Vietnam War. over more and more missions to the Ninh. One division blocked Highway Indeed, the C-130 had no longer even Vietnamese armed forces, a process 13, the road to Saigon, south of the been configured for combat delivery and called “Vietnamization.” Only a handful city of An Loc. Another attacked the was slated to leave the country. of US ground combatants remained in city itself. These divisions intended to In the spring of 1970 US and South the country and they were being with- capture the provincial capital and use Vietnamese troops entered Cambodia, drawn. Air Force units in South Vietnam it as a base for a drive down Highway attacking North Vietnamese sanctuary had similarly downsized, including the 13 against Saigon. bases just across the border from South once-vast tactical airlift apparatus that The only obstacle to this plan was the Vietnam’s Tay Ninh province. The North had served as the primary line of com- South Vietnamese force defending An Vietnamese were driven deep into Cam- munication between rear area bases and Loc. It proved to be more formidable than bodia and back up the Ho Chi Minh Trail more than a hundred forward airfields. the PAVN expected. The attack turned AIR FORCE Magazine / October 2012 67 into a siege as the PAVN 9th airman and although he Division surrounded the city, was tactically qualified, cutting it off from all ground his combat hours con- resupply. sisted of routine flying Initially, South Vietnam- around South Vietnam. ese and US Army helicop- At 5:30 a.m. April 15, ters delivered supplies and the officers were back in reinforcements to the city, the briefing room while but as the communists built the engineers preflighted up their strength around An the aircraft and the load- Loc, they brought in an anti- masters checked the drop aircraft regiment equipped bundles. The previous with .51-caliber, 23 mm, and night had been dread- 37 mm guns; they kept any ful; the crews knew they further helicopter flights at might not survive the bay. extremely dangerous The South Vietnamese USAF photo mission. turned to airdrop, using Loadmasters Sgt. David McAleece (l) and SSgt. Charles Shaub look To make their drops, US-supplied Fairchild C-119 over a camera some time after the An Loc mission. Both were wounded each crew would have to Flying Boxcars and C-123s. in that airdrop. approach the drop zone Although the supply effort at low altitude and only was valiant, ground fire combined with altitude, then descend quickly and level 150 mph. In Vietnam only helicopter the tiny drop zone made the airdrops off at 600 feet two minutes away from crews operated in such low-and-slow unsuccessful. While South Vietnamese the release point. The rigging problems conditions, and they didn’t fly into areas Air Force (VNAF) three-ship formations delayed the planned takeoff, however, with known anti-aircraft artillery of the made some drops at 700 feet, some leaving insufficient time to make the magnitude surrounding An Loc. The crews released their loads from 5,000 drop before dark, so the mission was mission harkened back to that of troop feet to avoid ground fire. Due to the postponed until the following morning. carrier C-47s of World War II. Airlift lack of high-altitude rigging equipment, crews early in the Vietnam War had also the drops proved fruitless as the loads A Dreadful Night sometimes operated under similar con- drifted aimlessly and most bundles came Capt. William R. Caldwell was to fly ditions, with predictable heavy losses. down in enemy-held territory. All drops the mission’s third airplane, call sign The mission called for three C-130s, took place in daylight, and the threat of Spare 617. A 1,900-hour pilot, Caldwell but instead of following each other into ground fire made them deadly missions. was one of the most experienced C-130 the drop zone in a three-ship, in-trail After the enemy shot down two VNAF pilots at Tan Son Nhut at the time. His formation, the plan required each crew C-123s, the South Vietnamese Air Force copilot, John Hering, and navigator, to make its run separately. This put them suspended daylight drops from low level. Richard A. Lentz, were both first lieu- at a disadvantage: The PAVN gunners, High-altitude drops continued but were tenants. The flight engineer was TSgt. alerted by the arrival of the first Hercules, generally ineffective. Jon Sanders, experienced, but not in would be ready for the others. The failure of the VNAF effort led US Southeast Asia or in combat. One of the The first crew did indeed make its Military Assistance Command Vietnam loadmasters, SSgt. Charles L. Shaub, had run and drop without a problem, though to decide to use US Air Force C-130s seen the most combat of anyone on the tracer fire swarmed it, and it took one to resupply the besieged city. crew. Shaub was on his second tour at hit in the rudder. No one had expected the USAF C- CCK, where he had previously served The second crew discovered a mal- 130s to return to combat operations; in from 1969 to 1970. The other loadmaster, function in their release gate—caused fact, no proper rigging equipment for the A1C Dave McAleece, was a first-term by the use of nonstandard rigging mate- US container delivery system existed in rial—and pulled off so the loadmasters all of South Vietnam, and only a handful could fix it. of crews were even airdrop-qualified. Caldwell was cleared in for the drop, Eventually, enough tactically quali- but missed the initial point on his first fied personnel were found among the approach and turned out to come back C-130s on rotation to the 374th TAW in again. His C-130 carried a cargo load detachment to make up three crews of 27,000 pounds of howitzer and mortar for a planned drop on the afternoon of ammunition. April 14. Thirty seconds from the release Loadmasters scrounged from Viet- point, Caldwell’s airplane began tak- namese aerial delivery stocks to find ing hits. A shell burst near the cockpit, the necessary rigging materials. Not shattering the windows on the pilot’s finding everything they needed, they side, wounding the copilot and killing jerry-rigged nonstandard gear.
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