LON DON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1
JANUARY 2013
LONDON PLAN 2011 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
COPYRIGHT
Greater London Authority January 2013
Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458
Copies of this report are available from http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning
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LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1 January 2013
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS FOR THE LONDON PLAN 8 POLICIES
3 PROVISION OF STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE 13
LONDON’S OVERALL INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 15
TRANSPORT 19
WATER 23
ENERGY 35
TELECOMMUNICATIONS 43
WASTE 46
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 50
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 63
4 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 69
5 CONCLUSIONS AND LOOKING AHEAD 72
ANNEX 1 SUMMARY OF KEY IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS 77
ANNEX 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 109
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Planning Policy Framework, which CHAPTER ONE emphasises the importance of planning authorities planning positively for the INTRODUCTION development and infrastructure required for the growth and development of their Purpose and status areas. It encourages inclusion of policies in Local Plans setting strategic priorities 1.1 The purpose of the London Plan for their areas including strategic policies Implementation Plan is to set out how the to deliver housing; economic policies of the London Plan will be development; provision of infrastructure translated into practical action. It is for transport, telecoms, waste important to ensure the effective management, water supply, wastewater, implementation of the policies supporting flood risk, coastal management, the the Mayor’s planning powers– in provision of minerals and energy particular providing a framework for (including heat); health, security, translating the trends and policies set out community and cultural infrastructure and in the London Plan into investment other facilities; and measures to address decisions and plans. This Implementation climate change1. This Implementation Plan provides an overview of Plan is intended by the Mayor as a mechanisms – a toolkit – to achieve this. resource which boroughs and others can draw on in addressing these tasks, within 1.2 It also provides a more robust basis for the framework provided by the London infrastructure planning across London. Plan. During the Draft Replacement London Plan consultation a wide range of 1.5 Whilst the production of an stakeholders including boroughs had Implementation Plan for the London Plan pressed for such improved is not a statutory requirement, it will be a implementation and infrastructure valuable and flexible tool to support the planning by the Mayor. The Government application of the London Plan policies. has also emphasised the importance of Policy 8.4 (Part B) of the London Plan planning for and implementing introduces the Implementation Plan as infrastructure to support growth. follows:
1.3 The Implementation Plan is intended to: “The Mayor produces an Implementation Plan which includes a facilitate effective coordination and range of strategic actions that the cooperation of activities to ensure the Mayor, boroughs and key realisation of the London Plan. stakeholders across the public, inform developers and all delivery private, voluntary and community partners who need to understand the sectors will deliver to ensure the envisaged implementation actions implementation of this Plan. The and strategic infrastructure provision Implementation Plan is produced in relation to the London Plan. separately, but clear links between provide communities with transparent implementation actions and policies in and accessible information to enable the London Plan are included and it them to get involved in the will be updated regularly.” development of their area. help boroughs in terms of the wider Scope and limitations context for their local implementation 1.6 This Implementation Plan will be an and infrastructure planning and the evolving document. A baseline of preparation for their Community information is being established but it Infrastructure Levy (CIL).
1.4 The importance of these issues is 1 See CLG, National Planning Policy Framework, March underlined in the Government’s National 2012, paragraph 156
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currently remains high level and has a economic circumstances and potential number of gaps. Work will continue on a spending constraints in the public sector range of aspects, particularly on filling are also taken into account. data gaps through further research and/or in cooperation with relevant delivery 1.9 The second core section (chapter 3) agencies and as further details about addresses the strategic infrastructure availability of resources are known. Over required to support the growth set out in time the document will be refined and the London Plan (and particularly housing more detail will be added. The growth) over the period to 2036. Implementation Plan will complement the Infrastructure that is of significance implementation and infrastructure across borough boundaries, in terms of planning required to support Opportunity transport, utilities (water, energy, waste), Area Planning Frameworks (OAPFs) and telecommunications, social and green Local Plans, addressing the broad infrastructure is explored – initially on a implementation dimension appropriate to broad London-wide basis. As far as the level of detail of the London Plan. possible this process includes identifying the potential infrastructure need based on Structure and methodology transparent assumptions about future resource demand and other aspects. The 1.7 The Implementation Plan aims to be user- provision of infrastructure to meet this friendly, concise, transparent and easy to need, cost and potential funding update. It is organised around two core opportunities of strategic infrastructure sections: are also addressed. Funding
opportunities that apply across different 1.8 At the centre of the first (chapter 2 plus types of infrastructure are the focus of Annex 1) is a range of strategic chapter 4. However, it should be noted implementation actions for the GLA that in many cases budgets, funding Group, partner organisations and delivery mechanisms and priorities in the public agencies covering all policy areas. This is sector are extremely uncertain. Therefore, based around a comprehensive the information provided is kept very brief investigation into the implementation and high-level. dimension of all policies of the Plan. The
implementation actions support and facilitate the implementation of the Implementation Group London Plan policies. They include 1.10 An Early Working Draft of this significant investment initiatives and Implementation Plan was produced in strategies, as well as important September 2010 to illustrate the Mayor’s partnerships and research work. Specific approach to implementation planning for guidance and support for boroughs in the London Plan Examination in Public realising the London Plan through their (EIP). Whilst the Implementation Plan Local Plans is also included. For each itself was not subject to scrutiny, many implementation action, information about EIP participants welcomed the Mayor’s responsible delivery bodies, a timescale approach and offered support for its for delivery and a degree of certainty is further development. provided. No attempt is made to prioritise
individual actions over others. Rather an 1.11 An Implementation Group has been indication is given about the firmness of established to support the preparation commitment expressed by key deliverers and over time the review of the to each action and to the dependencies in Implementation Plan. The Implementation terms of resources, local commitment, Group aims to: individual circumstances, Government
decision/guidance, technical expertise or a) assist in providing the Mayor with better partnership working. Potential data or potential sources of data barriers that have to be overcome in each required for the development and case are being identified. Current updating of the Implementation Plan;
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b) assist in providing the Mayor with Opportunity Area/Intensification Area advice and analysis; Frameworks, with a formal status c) assist in suggesting and delivering Implementation guides actions for inclusion in the The Annual Monitoring Report, with a Implementation Plan; formal status. d) assist in making policy recommendations to the Mayor on matters relating to implementation and infrastructure planning for possible inclusion in the London Plan and/or other strategies.
1.12 The Implementation Group is chaired and managed by GLA officers. Representatives are drawn from representatives of delivery agencies covering the different types of strategic infrastructure. Local authority officers and community representatives as well as other key stakeholders involved in infrastructure planning are also represented.
1.13 As the current focus is on strategic infrastructure, sub-groups have been formed for the different types of infrastructure. They will over time help to shape and refine the different sections. For the production of this draft input was largely sought from the delivery agencies that could provide data/information to establish a baseline. However, over time the role of representatives from local authorities and sub-regional bodies is likely to increase as closer links to the implementation and infrastructure aspects of Local Planning documents are sought.
London Plan Implementation Framework
1.14 At its centre of the Mayor’s new approach to implementation of the London Plan is a suite of documents that together make up a London Planning Implementation Framework. The Implementation Plan is the overarching implementation document within this. The Implementation Framework also includes:
Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG), with a formal status. – They are individually included in Annex 1.
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CHAPTER 2 I M PLE M E NTATION ACTION S FOR TH E LON DON PLAN POLICIES LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Borough development plan CHAPTER TWO documents (DPDs) must be in IMPLEMENTATION general conformity with the Plan.3 The Plan directly provides the policy ACTIONS FOR THE framework for the Mayor’s own decisions on strategic planning LONDON PLAN applications referred to him. Major investment decisions regarding POLICIES infrastructure and services may be strongly influenced by the Plan, which also provides the spatial 2.1 Paragraph 8.20 of the London Plan context for the Mayor’s Transport states that at the centre of the Strategy (MTS) and other Implementation Plan ‘is a range of strategies.4 strategic and tangible implementation actions for the GLA Group, partner 2.4 These planning and investment powers organisations and delivery agencies are the main vehicles of implementing covering all policy areas. The the Plan. As they are relevant across implementation actions support and basically all policies, they are not facilitate the implementation of the Plan’s specifically mentioned in Annex 1, which policies. For each implementation action, summarises implementation actions for information about responsible delivery the different policy areas. bodies, a timescale for delivery and a degree of certainty/ commitment are Working in partnership provided..’ 2.5 The Mayor cannot implement the Plan alone. He will work with a range of 2.2 The implementation actions are listed in Annex 1, and this chapter aims to organisations to align priorities and identify strategic and tangible ensure that the objectives and policies of implementation actions across the topics the Plan are implemented. Partner the London Plan addresses. The organisations include (not exhaustive): following provides an overview of the wide range of different types of The GLA Group – Transport for implementation mechanisms. London (TfL), the Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) and the London Fire The Mayor’s planning powers and & Emergency Planning Authority influence (LFEPA) The boroughs within, and the local 2.3 The London Plan itself is a statutory planning authorities around, London planning document with formal – and their representative development plan status.2 It is the main associations and partnerships at vehicle for coordinating strategic local, sub-regional, London-wide and decision-making on London’s county levels development on a spatial basis. The The private sector, including Plan influences development decisions developers, infrastructure providers primarily in the following ways: and business organisations. The private sector makes a significant The London Plan itself forms part of contribution to implementation, the development plan, which should particularly in opportunity and be taken into account by boroughs in intensification areas. They are also making planning decisions. responsible for two thirds of housing
3 Section 24, Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2 GLA Act 1999, Section 334, Planning and Compulsory 2004 Purchase Act 2004, Section 37(6) 4 Section 334(4), Greater London Authority Act 1999
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output across London, and the office, organisations). He recognises the retail and leisure developments, importance of development trusts, other which are driving town centre community organisations and local regeneration business partnerships and bodies in Government (CLG in particular) and helping to shape and develop the European Union neighbourhoods, sometimes in ways that Statutory agencies such as the the public sector cannot. Environment Agency, Natural England, English Heritage and 2.8 In particular with regard to certain Network Rail infrastructure (for transport, water, waste The voluntary and the community and energy) the Mayor also seeks to sector, whose role will be influence the Government and the strengthened, including for example infrastructure regulators and to work with the London Forum of Civic and the infrastructure providers in London in Amenity Societies order to ensure the timely delivery of new infrastructure. However, the efficient 2.6 Working with a wide range of existing management of existing assets and partnerships provides an efficient way of incentives to promote behavioural involving stakeholders in complex change are also critical to reduce issues. Important partnerships and resource and infrastructure needs. - See umbrella organisations include for section 3 for more details on the different example: types of infrastructure.
Geographic: Local Strategic 2.9 This Implementation Plan highlights for Partnerships, London Councils, sub- the different policy areas key partners regional partnerships and town and partnerships that help the Mayor to centre partnerships, Outer London deliver the Plan (see Annex 1). However, Commission and county networks in due to the complexity of many policies, the greater south-east of England not all relevant/interested bodies are Sectoral/thematic: London First, CBI, mentioned. House Builders Federation, London Biodiversity Partnership, London Supporting strategies and Climate Change Partnership, London guidance Access Forum, emerging London 5 2.10 The Mayor, the GLA Group and partners Housing Board and London at national, London-wide and borough Enterprise Partnership level produce a wide range of strategies on various topics. It is important that they 2.7 The Mayor also supports approaches to are aligned and reinforce each other.6 planning, regeneration and development Several strategies have been identified that harness the knowledge, that reinforce and support the commitment and enthusiasm of local implementation of different policies in the communities, enterprises and other Plan (see Annex 1). These include the groups. He will encourage use of tools Mayor’s Housing, Transport and such as Neighbourhood Plans, Economic Development Strategies. Community Right to Built and community However, it is not considered necessary land trusts Community Land Trust, and to duplicate the content of these Business Improvement Districts, which documents in this Implementation Plan. enable communities to shape their own neighbourhoods through the 2.11 Many London Plan policies are also management and development of land supported by Supplementary Planning and other assets (including those Guidance (SPG) published by the transferred from public sector
5 Replaced the Housing and Communities Agency in 6 Section 41 (4) and (5), Greater London Authority Act London 1999
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Mayor. These are included in Annex 1. population growth recorded by early data They provide detail to help boroughs in from the 2011 census in mind. reflecting the Plan’s policies through their local plans. The following list Area-specific action plans and provides an overview of the programme designations of SPG production at the time of writing. 2.14 Mechanisms to promote development, The indicative programme of planned improvements and regeneration in SPGs and similar publications during specific areas of London include (not 2013 include (not exhaustive): exhaustive):
London Planning Statement (to Opportunity and Intensification Area replace GOL Circular 1/2008) Planning Frameworks to support the Crossrail S106/CIL SPG development of strategic locations with capacity for growth Safeguarded Wharves Review Strategic Industrial Locations (SIL), Planning for Hazardous Installations Town Centres and Business Central Activity Zone SPG Improvement Districts as strategic Town Centre SPG areas to generate synergies of Affordable Housing Toolkit activities Strategic Housing Land Availability Area Strategies, Action Plans and Assessment Masterplans with detailed proposals Understanding Place SPG for an area Accessible London SPG Management Plans ensuring the Lifetime Neighbourhoods and maintenance and enhancement of Neighbourhood Planning SPG assets Control of Dust / Emissions during Policy designations ensuring that Construction SPG certain conditions are applied for Sustainable Design and Construction development in the area covered. SPG 2.15 Compulsory purchase powers may be The following link used to acquire land in order to secure http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planni development where this is appropriate. ng/vision/supplementary-planning- guidance takes you to the latest position 2.16 Annex 1 highlights for various policy in terms of SPGs that are published – areas important area-specific action plans final or in draft. This is also included in and designations that help the Mayor to the current AMR – see paragraph 4.1. deliver the London Plan.
2.12 The SPGs often refer to case studies and Assessments and research good practice. The Mayor’s London Planning Awards also showcase and 2.17 The implementation of the Plan’s policies promote annually such good practice. requires robust evidence. Assessments and research studies are often 2.13 The Mayor keeps the London Plan under undertaken or supported by the GLA continued revision to ensure it is as up-to- Group, boroughs, consultancies and date as possible. He is currently research institutes. These can underpin promoting Revised Early Minor the case for developers, boroughs and Alterations to the Plan to take account of others to act in accordance with the the National Planning Policy Framework, policies. That will often also inform the changes to national policy on affordable evidence base of the boroughs’ local housing and other developments. During plans in terms of infrastructure provision. 2013 he will start work on Further Annex 1 includes significant assessments Alterations to roll the Plan forward to and pieces of research. The Mayor will be 2036, particularly with the strong discussing ways of working with boroughs
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and others to ensure the evidence Investment needed for effective planning in London is 2.19 Investment schemes by the GLA Group, gathered and disseminated in the most effective way possible. The programme of by Government and by delivery agencies research that the Mayor will conduct to such as infrastructure providers are the most tangible and direct implementation ensure the London Plan is kept up to date mechanism. The private sector has also (on demographic and economic trends, a significant role in financing investment. for example) is reflected in this document Some schemes that are related to and will inform future implementation of the London Plan. individual policies are included in Annex 1. The delivery of strategic infrastructure
to accommodate the growth proposed in 2.18 The Mayor has announced his intention to the London Plan is addressed in more review the way in which strategic policies detail in chapter 3 whilst generic funding on housing need and supply are developed to develop approaches that opportunities are covered in chapter 4. are more effective, “bottom-up”, 2.20 The Mayor has taken on additional participative and consensual. He will also powers of implementation and delivery. want to ensure that this approach takes He has taken on the London housing account of the emerging National Planning Policy Framework. Discussions investment functions previously held by have been held with boroughs and other the Home and Communities Agency. Following the Localism Act 2011 he has stakeholders, and further details will be taken direct responsibility for the land announced shortly. and development functions of the former
London Development Agency, which
have been merged into the GLA. There is the possibility of further policy and institutional changes which may affect
future alterations of this document.
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CHAPTER 3 PROVI S ION OF STRATEG IC INFRASTRUCTURE LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
3.3 The structure set out below illustrates a CHAPTER THREE comprehensive approach to the provision of strategic infrastructure to PROVISION OF support the growth proposed in the STRATEGIC London Plan. The structure has been applied to the different types of INFRASTRUCTURE infrastructure.
3.1 Paragraph 8.20 of the London Plan a) Identify strategic infrastructure within states that the Implementation Plan ‘also the following types of infrastructure: addresses more specifically the strategic Transport infrastructure that is required to support Water the growth set out in the Plan.’ This Energy chapter in particular is also supported by Telecommunications the National Planning Policy Framework Waste (NPPF), which indicates that Local Social Infrastructure Planning authorities ‘should work with Green Infrastructure other authorities and providers to assess the quality and capacity of transport, b) Identify for strategic infrastructure the water supply, wastewater and its need to meet existing backlog and treatment, energy (including heat), proposed growth by telecommunications, utilities, health, using data/research from GLA social care, education flood risk and Group as well as from regulators, coastal change management, and its infrastructure providers, sub- ability to meet forecast demand regions and boroughs (paragraph 162). Green infrastructure, making transparent and realistic which is also covered in this chapter, is assumptions about future referred to separately in the NPPF and in efficiency savings, changes in recognition of its climate change standards and behaviour adaptation and its natural environment role (see paragraphs 99 and 114 of the c) Identify infrastructure provision NPPF). needed by 2031 liaising with infrastructure 3.2 This chapter aims to provide more detail providers and sub- on the strategic infrastructure required to regional/borough representatives support the growth of London envisaged prioritising and phasing them in the London Plan (particularly housing). Initially the focus is on a London-wide d) Identify infrastructure funding and overview of infrastructure requirements. delivery for cost estimates (see However, further work will be undertaken chapter 4 if non-specific) by to look in more detail at Opportunity liaising with infrastructure Areas, Areas of Intensification and other providers, sub-regional and strategic areas in more detail. Strategic borough representatives infrastructure is defined as infrastructure providing any costs available, e.g. that is relevant across large parts of unit costs, but highlight London, provided on a network basis, or assumptions at least across boundaries, and is of a acknowledging uncertainties, risks certain investment scale or where there and barriers is a known funding gap. This chapter
also has also the potential to support the 3.4 It has to be highlighted that the baseline boroughs’ application of the Duty to information for each type of Cooperate introduced through the infrastructure in line with the approach Localism Act 2004. set out above is still under development
and will improve over time with
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more/new information becoming 3.6 These trends will mean an increased available. demand for infrastructure of all kinds in Greater London; for that reason the London Plan gives particular prominence LONDON’S OVERALL to infrastructure planning through this INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS Implementation Plan that will provide a sound framework for addressing the issue
at London-wide and more local levels. 3.5 In 2011 the Mayor made a high level
assessment of London’s overall need for 3.7 There are a number of source documents infrastructure over the next twenty years, for infrastructure needs in London founded upon the projections about including the National Infrastructure Plan London’s future growth over the two produced annually by HM Treasury and decades to 2031 underpinning the Infrastructure UK. Estimates of London’s London Plan7. These suggest that by general infrastructure needs have also 2031: been made by London First’s 8 Infrastructure Commission and the Policy London’s population will be 8.82 Exchange. In addition, the Mayor’s million – growth of 1.2 million over Transport Strategy looked at the likely the period 2007-2031. By 2031, there need for transport investment beyond the are also likely to be both more young TfL Business Plan9 and work to inform Londoners, and more older ones and preparation of this Implementation Plan a 690,000 increase in the number of gives a high-level view on provision of those of working age. Most recent strategic infrastructure. population projections and the first data from the 2011 Census suggest 3.8 There is no comprehensive and generally rather more rapid population growth agreed definition of infrastructure. This is than the London Plan. reflected in the fact that different This population growth is projected to assessments of London’s needs address contribute to the formation of different forms of infrastructure. The 790,000 additional households. If London Plan (and this document) deals total housing need from household with a range of different kinds of growth is to be met, and the backlog infrastructure; London First gives a partial of housing need addressed, there definition; the other documents mentioned would need to be 34,900 additional above give a list of examples. These are homes per annum. To meet this compared in Table 1, which shows that additional need for housing, the the only common items are transport and London Plan sets a target for flood defences. provision of 322,100 additional homes between 2011-2021. 3.9 One reason for the differences between As far as the economy is concerned, the approaches in these documents could the Plan projections suggest an be that much of the economic additional 776,000 jobs, with a infrastructure in the National continued shift towards the service Infrastructure Plan is privately owned, but sectors. It is likely that there will normally regulated, with investment the continue to be particularly strong responsibility of the owners against the employment growth in central and long-term customer funding. This is true inner London. Most recent for energy, water and waste, and projections suggest rather slower communications. Consequently these jobs growth services would not normally need to be
8 London First, the Infrastructure Commission, World class infrastructure for a world city, November 2010. 7 As part of the Mayoral CIL - Draft Charging Schedule, 9 Mayor of London, the Mayor’s Transport Strategy, August 2011 May 2010.
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funded through local authorities10. The lack of an agreed definition of infrastructure makes attempting to assess the infrastructure needed in London difficult.
Table 1: Comparison of infrastructure coverage
Source: Mayoral CIL – Draft Charging Schedule National London First GLA Draft Infrastruct CIL overview Infrastructure Implementa ure Plan document Commission tion Plan Transport Transport – Transport – Transport – – road and road and rail road and rail road and rail rail Energy Energy Energy Digital Telecoms Telecoms communic ation Flood Flood Flood protection Flood protection defences protection Water and Water and Water and waste sewerage, Waste manageme waste nt Schools, Social hospitals, infrastructure health and social care facilities Play areas, Green parks and infrastructure green spaces, cultural and sports facilities, district heating schemes and police stations and other community safety facilities
10 The London First report contains a useful table setting out the different ownerships and market features/funding sources for different kinds of infrastructure.
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3.10 The National Infrastructure Plan 2012 counted and funding sources are often includes an infrastructure pipeline with not clearly identified. It will be necessary over 550 projects/programmes worth to revisit borough data in the near future, over £330 billion to 2015 and beyond. and the Mayor intends to work with This is a UK wide figure and no regional boroughs and other stakeholders to find breakdown is given, though there are ways to improve the presentation and regional examples of infrastructure use of this information. improvements. (Taking London as 15% of the UK would give almost £50 billion). 3.13 All this said, these estimates are a London First quotes a report by the think valuable basis for a “bottom-up” tank Policy Exchange of £500 billion assessment of need to complement the over the next decade for the UK as a “top-down” ones referred to earlier. For whole, but do not provide a London this purpose, a number of assumptions estimate. (Taking 15 per cent again, it have been made: would be £75 billion). No breakdown or prioritisation of investment need is made The costs of transport schemes to be by category of infrastructure in either funded predominantly by national report. government, Transport for London or Network Rail have been excluded. 3.11 The Mayor’s Transport Strategy These are included in the estimates addresses costs and funding for given earlier, and more information London’s transport system, including the about them will be given about these national railway as well as the modes for later. which the Mayor is responsible. It Borough figures for education, health quotes a figure of £4.8 billion a year for and leisure have been used as given, the next five years and continuing although they often include investment of £3.5 billion to £4.5 billion a assumptions about Government year in the period up to 2031. funding which may no longer be valid (because of the review of the Better 3.12 A further source of information about Schools for the Future programme, London’s infrastructure needs is the core for example) strategies and infrastructure delivery Assumptions have been made about plans drawn up by London borough funding of particular infrastructure councils as part of their local (the Thames Tideway Tunnel being a development frameworks. There are good example), which should be limitations in using this information – not discounted. all boroughs have assessed and published their infrastructure On this basis, information from 24 requirements; those documents that boroughs has been used (over 70 per have been produced have appeared at cent of the total). different times and with different assumptions about sources of potential 3.14 If this information is used to provide an funding (before and after the results of average of borough estimates of need, the 2010 Comprehensive Spending and this average is then used to provide Review, for example). They look over a 33-borough estimate. This is shown in different time periods, and often deal Table 2: with widely differing types of infrastructure (some focus on that for which boroughs themselves have responsibility, while others include that provided by the Mayor and/or national government). Infrastructure serving more than one borough is sometimes double-
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Table 2: Borough-based estimates of of £75 billion may be a reasonable infrastructure need (multi-year) medium-term one.
Type of Estimate (£m) 3.18 The second aspect of the issue is the infrastructure availability of resources. In 2010, Transport 891 according to the Government’s Public Education 4,851 Expenditure Statistical Analysis, capital expenditure on transport in London by Health 2,442 national and local government and public Leisure 825 corporations in 2009-10 amounted to £3.899 billion; with £1.56 billion for Other 1,023 education and £882 million for health. Total 10,032 Decisions on public spending are made Source: Mayoral CIL – Draft Charging on a three year basis, so it is not Schedule possible to make a reliable estimate across the whole period being 3.15 This estimate is generally in line with the considered. However, it is clear that in details published by those London the short- to medium-term at least, public boroughs which have published expenditure is likely to be constrained. Community Infrastructure Levy Under the 2010 Spending Review, proposals. Departmental Programme and Administration Budgets are set to reduce 3.16 If these boroughs’ stated investment in real terms by 8.3% between 2010/11 needs are typical, then the total for all and 2014-15 (with reductions of 3.4 per boroughs for the next five years would cent in Education, 21 per cent in be in the £6 billion to £7.5 billion range. Transport, 51 per cent in Communities This suggests that the £10 bn estimate and Local Government support for local in paragraph 3.14 is a reasonable one. It authorities, and an increase of 1.3 per also provides a basis for comparing total cent for Health). If capital expenditure is borough needs with the strategic considered, the 2011 Budget announced transport requirement of £24 billion. In that nationally, between 2010/11 and both cases, Government will also have a 2015/16, education will see a £3.9 billion role in supporting investment, whether in cut, health will see an increase of only education or transport. It is recognised £100m and transport one of £400 million. that grossing up from individual borough figure has its limitations, and the Mayor 3.19 Across all these estimates, it is clear that intends to keep the position under review transport infrastructure provided at as more information becomes available national, London-wide and borough as part of the London Plan levels is probably the largest single area Implementation Plan process. (in terms of cost and investment) of infrastructure that will be required. 3.17 In summary, it is possible to give an overall assessment of London’s 3.20 Different forms of infrastructure are dealt infrastructure needs by adding the with in more detail in the remainder of borough figure of £10.032 billion and the this chapter. It illustrates that every type £24bn estimate of required transport of strategic infrastructure requires a very infrastructure to give an estimate of £34 different approach. bn. If the longer-term estimates of transport need are added (£56-72 billion 2015-2031), a total estimated figure of £90-106 billion is obtained. Bearing in mind that this figure covers a longer time period than most of the estimates considered here, the London First figure
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TRANSPORT 37 per cent over the same period. This will require sustained investment in public transport, walking and cycling, to 3.21 Information for transport infrastructure is increase connectivity and capacity and largely drawn from the Mayor’s to improve attractiveness of these Transport Strategy (MTS) 2010, the five modes of travel. Sub-regional Transport Plans prepared
by TfL, the boroughs and sub regional 3.25 In spite of committed improvements set partnerships, the current TfL Business out in the TfL Business Plan (to 2014/15) Plan (to 2014/15), National Rail (NR) and HLOS to 2014, crowding will remain High Level Output Specification 14 11 on certain LU and NR lines and on (HLOS) for Control Period 4 2009 to 15 certain radial corridors into London 2014 and TfL’s recent submission to (Figures 1 and 2). Vehicle delay on the Government for National Rail Control road network, particularly in Inner Period 5 2014 to 2019. London and Outer London town centres, 16 is also forecast to increase (Figure 3). a) Strategic transport This has the potential to constrain infrastructure growth and hinder delivery of the London 3.22 This includes routes and hubs of Plan. international, national, regional and sub- regional importance for passenger and freight transport. Improvements to rail12 services, bus services, river services, cycling and walking, interchange, road improvements and demand management measures are considered in numerous programmes being undertaken by TfL, Network Rail and other organisations.
b) Transport infrastructure need
3.23 Population and employment growth projections that underpin the London Plan would result in at least three million more trips each day by 2031, from 24 million trips per day in 2007 to 27 million trips per day in 2031.
3.24 To ensure this growth is accommodated sustainably, the MTS13 aims to increase the mode share for public transport from 31 per cent to 34 per cent, cycling from 2 per cent to 5 per cent and walking from 24 per cent to 25 per cent, from 2006 levels by 2031. Conversely, it aims to reduce the mode share of private motorised transport from 43 per cent to
11 Government’s statement of the outputs it requires from the National Rail network for the next five year control period. 12 London Underground (LU), London Overground 14 ibid, figure 20 (p 73) and figure 22 (p 75) (LO), other National Rail (NR), DLR and Tramlink 15 ibid, figure 32 (p121) 13 Mayor of London, The Mayor’s Transport Strategy, 16 ibid, figure 26 (p85) 2010, figure 2 (page 36)
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Figure 1: Tube and DLR crowding, 2031
Source: MTS
Figure 2: Rail crowding, 2031
Source: MTS
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Figure 3: Highway congestion, average vehicle delay, 2031
Source: MTS
c) Transport infrastructure Thameslink upgrade (both due for provision completion 2018-19) and the LU line 17 upgrades. These form the bulk of the 3.26 Table 6.1 of the London Plan gives an MTS ‘reference case’ and will provide a indicative list of transport schemes that substantial increase in rail capacity that are needed to support projected growth is essential to accommodate short to whilst meeting the Mayor’s wider medium term growth in London. environmental, safety, quality of life and accessibility objectives. Each scheme 3.28 Additional investment over and above includes categories for costs (‘high’ committed schemes will be required. Key category for schemes over £1 bn, schemes in the medium-longer term medium for schemes between £100m include delivering a new north east to and £1bn and low for schemes under south west rail link, also known as £100m) and phasing (short term, before Crossrail 2, along an alignment similar to 2012, medium term, between 2013 and the safeguarded Chelsea-Hackney line 2020 and longer term, beyond 2020 to route, four tracking of the Lee Valley 2031). mainline, further train capacity increases on key NR routes, development of key 3.27 The indicative list of schemes includes Strategic Interchanges, extensions to the those that have funding committed in the Bakerloo and Northern lines, potential TfL Business Plan and NR HLOS. extensions to the DLR and Tramlink These schemes include Crossrail and networks, enhanced river crossings in east London and continuation of 17 Alongside Mayor’s Transport Strategy, 2010, figure measures to better manage the road 86
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network, electric vehicle infrastructure Requirements of importance to other provision, better streets, cycling and parts of London are set out in the smarter travel programmes. The relevant sub-regional transport plans. prioritisation of key schemes and programmes for the longer term will be 3.32 Another aspect of London’s transport subject to planning processes and infrastructure is its accessibility: investigations of funding mechanisms Currently, approximately 40% of rail and will be reflected in future updates of stations (including all Tram stops and this Implementation Plan. DLR stations) within Greater London offer step-free access between street 3.29 A new high speed line between London and platform. A number of major and major cities in the Midlands and the improvements such as step-free access North (HS2) is currently planned to be to platforms at Green Park, Clapham open fully in the early 2030s; meeting Junction and Kings Cross St. Pancras increasing passenger demand to and stations have been completed recently. from its London terminus and any Approximately a further 50 stations have intermediate stations is a challenge funding committed for provision of step- which will need to be met by provision of free access, including 10 announced in more public transport capacity. December 2011 through the Access for All programme18. 3.30 TfL is also beginning a major upgrade of London’s roads which will start by d) Transport infrastructure funding targeting congestion black-spots and and delivery improving safety for all road users.
3.33 The 2010 Spending Review settlement 3.31 Sub-regional transport plans provide a for TfL and Network Rail allows for forum for discussing sub-regional completion of essential short and transport challenges and requirements. medium term schemes such as They are updated regularly. As an Crossrail, Tube upgrades and example the following list sets out Thameslink upgrade. This level of transport requirements of particular investment is approximately £4.8 billion importance to the East and South East per year to 2018. A package of all London: currently proposed schemes beyond this
would require continuing annual Maximising the benefits of Crossrail investment of around £ 3.5bn to £ 4.5bn including improving interchanges and 19in the period to 2031.20 access modes, e.g. to opportunity areas, as well as consideration of 3.34 Inevitably, there is uncertainty over different options for Crossrail 2 funding availability in the medium to long Stratford International – interchange term. Future levels of Government grant between European and domestic will be dependent on the wider economic services. As the plans for HS2 and political environment. Other main progress, the proposed HS2-HS1 sources of funding, from fares revenue connection should be designed to and borrowing are also influenced by facilitate orbital high speed services wider economic factors. TfL’s latest draft allowing connections between Business Plan for the period until 2020 Stratford and Old Oak Common, as well as the regions 18 Further details are available in TfL, Taking forward Potential enhancements to the DLR the Mayor’s Transport Strategy Accessibility network Implementation Plan, published March 2012, and the Additional river crossings in East MTS, including Figure 87 (Accessibility Implementation London, to both enhance capacity Plan) 19 Further analysis is underway to determine precisely and improve connectivity the scale of investment required. 20 Mayor of London, Mayor’s Transport Strategy, 2010, p 315
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continues to address the key challenges WATER facing London’s transport. TfL will continue to work with the Department for 3.37 The information for water supply, Transport and HM Treasury to making wastewater treatment and flood risk the case for continued long-term management infrastructure is based on investment in London’s transport key documents produced by the water network to drive UK economic growth companies that serve London and the and secure the best possible progress Environment Agency. Specific sources of towards the outcomes set out in the information are referenced below. MTS. The next Spending Review is due in 2014. WATER SUPPLY
3.35 The Chancellor’s Autumn Statement 2012 includes the news that Government a) Strategic water supply has agreed a loan of up to £1bn that will infrastructure allow the construction of an extension of the Northern Line to the Battersea Power 3.38 The majority of London’s public water Station site. Extending the Northern supply is abstracted from the rivers Line is key to kick starting regeneration Thames and Lee and is stored in of the Nine Elms area of south London, reservoirs located in west London and which offers the significant potential for the Lee Valley. The rest of London's new growth and development. It has also water is supplied from groundwater been confirmed that the Government will sources. Thames Water's desalination work with the Mayor’s Office and the plant at Beckton in East London can London boroughs of Lambeth and provide additional water supply to Wandsworth to create a zone in which around one million people per day in the expected uplift in business rates, times of drought. Thames Water alongside developer contributions, will supplies approximately 75 per cent of enable the GLA to repay the London’s water. The other water Government loan that funds the northern companies that supply London include line extension. Sutton and East Surrey Water, Affinity Water and Essex and Suffolk Water. The 3.36 Authorities are considering the use of water companies have a statutory duty innovative funding mechanisms for major to develop and maintain efficient and transport projects. As indicated in economical water supply systems. They London Plan Policy 6.5, the Mayor has are responsible for managing the water brought forward a charging schedule in supply network including the reservoirs, accordance with the Community boreholes, pipes and water treatment Infrastructure Levy (CIL) Regulations works which make up London’s water 2010 to enable him to use the CIL to supply infrastructure. fund strategically important infrastructure - initially for Crossrail. He started b) Water supply infrastructure charging CIL in April 2012. need
3.39 We are facing increasing pressure on water resources. London and the South East have been classified as areas under serious water stress21. High
21 Environment Agency, Water for people and the environment - water resources strategy for England and Wales, 2009: http://publications.environment- agency.gov.uk/PDF/GEHO0309BPKX-E-E.pdf. Note: an update to the water stress methodology was under consultation at the time of writing.
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population density combined with limited around 270 mega litres a day by 203123. resources means that we need to This compares to an anticipated demand carefully manage and plan the water of around 2500 mega litres a day before resources in London. Water demand in any demand and leakage savings that London is higher than the average for companies are able to make. The England and Wales. During 2011/12 anticipated deficit figure includes definite each Londoner used on average of 164 and likely sustainability reductions, but litres of water a day compared to the reductions that are yet unknown are not average of 145 litres per person per day included and could substantially add to for England and Wales. this figure..
3.40 Due to climate change and requirements 3.42 Figure 4 shows the supply-demand from legislation such as the Water balance in 2012 based on the current Framework Directive there is currently WRMPs (2010-2035). Currently there is some uncertainty over the amount of a small deficit in Sutton and East water that will be available to supply Surrey’s East Surrey Water Resource London in the future. Where water Zone (WRZ) and a larger deficit in the abstraction may be causing Essex WRZ of Essex and Suffolk Water. environmental damage it may be This means that customers face a necessary to reduce or revoke a water greater chance of water restrictions in a abstraction licence to protect the dry year. environment. These cases are known as sustainability reductions. Where investigations have shown sustainability reductions to be likely, the Environment Agency has informed the water companies and these reductions have been included in the draft Water Resources Management Plans (WRMPs) for the period 2015-2040 which are under development.
3.41 Water companies have a duty to maintain a secure water supply. Every five years water companies produce WRMPs which set out the current water supply-demand balance and proposed measures to address any supply demand deficit. These measures include specific resource development schemes and demand management actions. The WRMPs use population projections to make sure that future proposed growth in London is planned for. These plans are needed because if no action was taken to either increase supply or manage demand, the water companies supplying London would need to manage a potential cumulative deficit of
23 Calculated from indicative Statements of Need published on water company websites in advance of consultation on new draft Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs) in early 2013.
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Figure 4: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts
Source: Environment Agency
c) Water supply infrastructure capacity of the reservoir’s treatment provision works at peak periods, by 5 Ml/d in 2012-13 and by a further 20 Ml/d in 3.43 The Government has an aspiration to 2017-18 (reflected in Figure 5). Further reduce water consumption to 130 l/h/d detail about the company’s preferred by 2030 for existing homes.. To achieve programme for London can be found in a significant change in demand for water Sutton and East Surrey Water’s final 22 will require a change in people’s WRMP. behaviour and involvement of multiple stakeholders. Water efficient new homes will drive down consumption, as will metering of existing homes and retrofitting of water efficient devices, for example, through the RE:NEW programme.
3.44 Thames Water’s preferred programme of options to ensure security of supply in London includes a variety of both demand management and supply schemes (see Table 3).
3.45 Sutton and East Surrey Water is planning improvements to its Bough Beech Reservoir which, although located outside London, supports south London’s water supply needs in a dry 22 year. The company is set to increase the Sutton and East Surrey Water’s final WRMP 2010: http://www.waterplc.com/userfiles/file/Final_WRMP.pdf
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Table 3: Thames Water’s programme for London (2010 to 2035) Programme Short term (2010- Medium term Long term (2020- 2015) (2015-2020) 2035) Leakage 1,000km of mains 2,000km of mains reduction23 replacement replacement Pressure Pressure management management Network Network reconfiguration reconfiguration Active leakage Active leakage control control Metering5 Compulsory targeted Compulsory targeted Compulsory targeted metering to achieve metering to achieve metering to achieve 40% meter 60% meter 77% meter penetration penetration penetration by 2025 for the London Resource Zone Water efficiency Enhanced water Enhanced water Enhanced water efficiency efficiency efficiency programme programme programme. Resource Artificial Recharge, development Kidbrooke (2020/21) and South London (SLARS) (2026/27) Aquifer Storage and Recovery, South East London (2021/22) and Darent Valley (2022 to 2026) East Croydon and Southwark groundwater resources (2028/29) Hogsmill STW reuse (2029/30 Deephams STW reuse (2031/32)
Source: Thames Water, final WRMP(2010 – 2035)
23 The AMP5 leakage reduction and metering programmes listed above are currently proceeding at a reduced rate as they have not to date received funding from OFWAT.
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3.47 Essex and Suffolk Water’s Essex WRZ completion in 2013 (the additional supplies water to north east London resources provided will result in a including Dagenham, this zone is surplus to 2026 and beyond, as shown in currently in deficit. The company is Figure 5). An overview of the preferred currently addressing this through the programme is provided as Table 4. Abberton scheme, which is due for
Table 4: Essex and Suffolk Water’s preferred programme for London (2010 to 2035) Programme Short term (2010- Medium term (2015- Long term (2020- 2015) 2020) 2035) Essex and Suffolk Water (Essex WRZ) Leakage 200km of mains 200km of mains reduction replacement. replacement Replacement of Replacement of 2,000 2,000 common common supply pipes supply pipes in in Dagenham Dagenham Pressure Pressure management management Active leakage Active leakage control control Metering Change of occupier Compulsory metering metering to achieve to achieve 81% meter 60% meter penetration for 2020 penetration and 89% for 2025) Water Enhanced water Enhanced water Enhanced water efficiency efficiency efficiency programme efficiency programme programme. Resource Abberton Scheme, None needed Possible need for development increases water new water resource. available by 64Ml/d. Source: Essex and Suffolk Water, Final WRMP
3.48 Figure 5 below shows the supply- companies plan to manage supply and demand balance in 2026, which takes demand highlighted above. into account population growth projections and the options water
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Figure 5: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts
Source: Environment Agency
d) Water supply infrastructure WASTEWATER TREATMENT funding and delivery
a) Strategic wastewater 3.49 In parallel with their WRMPs, water companies are required to produce infrastructure business plans that set out how they will 3.50 Thames Water is the sole sewerage fund the first five years of their plan. The undertaker for London. It is responsible funding for investment in water supply for managing the sewage treatment infrastructure is raised through charges works (STW) and the sewerage network to water company customers. The price e.g. the pipes and pumping stations that the companies can charge is which make up London’s wastewater regulated by the Water Services infrastructure. Much of central London Regulation Authority (Ofwat) through the has a combined drainage system, which 24 five-yearly business planning process . carries both surface and wastewater. London’s sewage is treated at eight major STW - Beckton, Crossness, Mogden, Riverside and Long Reach that discharge effluent to the tidal River Thames and Hogsmill, Beddington and Deephams that discharge into freshwater tributaries of the Thames.
24 Thames Water’s Investment programme from 2010- 2015 http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/our- plans-for-2010-2015.pdf
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b) Wastewater infrastructure need increase in the frequency of pollution incidents. 3.51 Wastewater infrastructure is essential to
sustain urban life. The Urban Waste 3.52 The quality of London’s water bodies Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) must be improved if they are to meet the requires that urban waste water should requirements of the European Water be properly collected and treated. In Framework Directive (WFD). None of October 2012, a European Court of London’s rivers are currently meeting Justice judgement ruled in favour of the good ecological status (see Figure 6). It European Commission in a case brought is essential that strategic wastewater against the UK Government that infrastructure is planned and provided in London’s combined drainage system a timely way to support existing and new does not meet the obligations under this development to maintain and improve Directive. In some locations, as little as water quality in London. There can be 2mm of rainfall can result in discharges severe consequences for the health of of storm sewage to the Thames the aquatic environments upon which we Tideway, with discharges occurring 50- depend for safe drinking water, 60 times in a typical year. It is estimated recreation, and wildlife if wastewater that 39 million cubic metres of storm infrastructure provision does not keep sewage is discharged to the river in a pace with development. The typical year, from the combined sewer Environment Agency’s ‘London overflows (CSOs) and the tideway Environmental Infrastructure Needs: A sewage treatment works (STW). This Strategic Study’ (LEINS), gives further could rise to 70 cubic metres per year by evidence on the need for planning of 2020 unless significant improvements strategic wastewater infrastructure. are implemented25, but by 2015 this figure should reduce to some 18 million cubic metres due to the construction of the Lee Tunnel. These discharges can have a significant adverse effect on dissolved oxygen levels, the ecology of the river and may impact on the health of river users26. The need for strategic wastewater infrastructure to address these issues – in combination with the promotion of sustainable drainage (see also paragraph 3.67) is given in Thames Water’s ‘Thames Tunnel Needs Report’27 and the ‘Thames Tideway Strategic Study’28. On a more local scale if sewers are not maintained and upgraded to support growth this can result in CSOs operating in a way that causes environmental harm and an
25http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/londo n-tideway-improvements-the-case-for-the-thames- tunnel.pdf 26 Environment Agency, State of the Environment for London Report, June 2011: http://data.london.gov.uk/documents/SOE-2011- report.pdf 27http://files.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/files/thame stunnel/1-100-RG-PNC-00000- 900007%20Needs%20Report.pdf 28http://www.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/consultatio n-documents.aspx
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Figure 6: Ecological status/potential of river water bodies in Greater London under WFD
Source: Environment Agency
b) Wastewater infrastructure pumping station, which is currently provision the largest single source of storm sewage to the river. This too is 3.53 The London Tideway Improvement under construction and is expected Programme will help address the issues to be completed in 2015; highlighted above and consists of three The Thames Tideway Tunnel has components: been the subject of extensive consultation and engagement and Upgrades and/or capacity development consent will be sought extensions to Crossness, Beckton, early in 2013. The Environment Mogden, Long Reach and Riverside Agency evaluated 57 CSOs and STW. These upgrades, which are identified 36 of these as currently under construction, will unsatisfactory, of which 34 require improve the quality of the effluent control through the Thames and increase the amount of sewage Tideway Tunnel project. Of the the sites can treat, so reducing the remaining two CSOs, one is being frequency and size of storm controlled by the Lee Tunnel, and discharges to the river. The one by a separate project at Wick upgrades are due to be completed Lane. It should be completed by in 2014 and should largely 2023 and will help to ensure that the accommodate population growth Beckton and Crossness sewerage until 2021; systems can provide flexibility and The Lee Tunnel, which together capacity for London's growing with the extensions to the Beckton population. STW, will largely eliminate the overflows from the Abbey Mills
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3.54 As part of its Business Plan for 2010- sewage treatment works and to 2015 (AMP5) Thames Water is construct the Lee Tunnel. The cost of developing and implementing a the Thames Tideway Tunnel is proposal for a major upgrade of currently expected to be £4.1 billion, but Deephams STW to provide sufficient the precise figure depends on a number capacity to accommodate growth up of external factors. The upgrade to to 2026. This project will not be Deephams STW is expected to cost completed until the 2015-2020 period several hundred million pounds. There (AMP6). The Deephams STW upgrade may also need to be additional as well as the Thames Tideway Tunnel investment in local sewers and sewage are specifically referred to in the treatment works to accommodate National Planning Statement on Waste growth up to 2031. The Environment Water, which was published in March Agency’s London Environmental 2012. Infrastructure Needs: A Strategic Study’ (LEINS) report estimated that an 3.55 To support the proposed housing additional £335 million may need to be growth in London beyond 2021, invested in London’s sewage treatment Thames Water may have to increase its works over this period to prevent overall sewage treatment capacity to deterioration in water status and that cope with an increased population of further investment will be needed to around 740,000 by 203129. Some of improve London’s water quality. London’s smaller treatment works, away from the Thames Tideway, may 3.57 In reality, the cost of managing water require some extra capacity before quality is expected to be even higher, 2021. Future provision after 2021 will as there are other costs that are not be identified and planned for by included in the above figures. The Thames Water through their future additional costs may include future business plans. investment driven by measures in the Thames River Basin Management Plan, c) Wastewater infrastructure sewer network improvements, sewer funding and delivery flood alleviation schemes, sewage treatment work expansions to cope with 3.56 The funding for investment in greater effluent volume and wastewater infrastructure is raised improvements to sewage sludge through charges to water company disposal. customers. Thames Water will seek approval from the Water Services Regulation Authority (OFWAT) to invest in strategic growth schemes through FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT the five-yearly periodic review of water INFRASTRUCTURE company prices30. The next periodic review will be in 2014. Under recent a) Strategic flood risk changes to the periodic review process, management infrastructure water companies have established new 3.58 London is at risk from flooding from a Customer Challenge Groups (CCG), number of sources including tidal, which are consulted on business plan fluvial, groundwater, surface water and options. In the period 2010-2015, sewer flooding. The Environment Thames Water expects to invest some Agency has a strategic overview role £1.3 billion to upgrade five of London’s for all forms of flooding, and an operational role to manage flood risk 29 Environment Agency, London Environmental from rivers and the sea31. Lead Local Infrastructure Needs: A Strategic Study (LEINS), 2010. Flood Authorities lead on the local 30 Thames Water’s Investment programme from 2010- 2015 http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/our- 31 Flood and Water Management Act 2010 plans-for-2010-2015.pdf http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/29/contents
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management of flooding from surface flooding due to the presence flood water, ordinary watercourses and defences (Figure 7), such as the groundwater. In London this role falls to Thames Barrier. Many homes and the London boroughs. businesses that would otherwise be at risk of flooding benefit from these 3.59 The Environment Agency has published defences. The probability of flooding is the Thames Catchment Flood expected to increase into the future due Management Plan (CFMP)32, which to climate change, with potentially high sets out options for flood risk consequences for undefended areas of management within the non-tidal the city. Thames catchment. The final flood risk
management plan for the Thames 3.62 London’s greatest risk of flooding Estuary, TE210033 was published in comes from the River Thames. Much of November 2012 following Government London’s flood management efforts and approval. The London boroughs are resources are allocated to protecting working together on the Drain London the city from tidal flooding. As a result, Forum to carry out their new role in London benefits from a very high understanding and managing flood risk degree of protection against tidal from surface water, ordinary flooding i.e. it has less than a 0.1 per watercourses and groundwater. Each cent chance of tidal flooding in any borough now has a Preliminary Flood given year. Risk Assessment, a Strategic Flood
Risk Assessment and a Surface Water 3.63 The Thames Barrier forms part of the Management Plan. tidal defences in London. It has been 34 3.60 The Regional Flood Risk Appraisal raised over 100 times since it became shows major development areas at risk operational in 1982. Just over two thirds and illustrates how a wide range of of these have been since 2000. Climate important utilities/services are affected change is altering the nature of our by flood risk. It will be important to weather. This means that the number of ensure that flood risk is suitably times the Thames Barrier is raised, to managed for assets so that services will protect London from high tides and continue to be provided under flood storm surges in the Thames Estuary conditions. Its recommendations reflect and high river flows from the tributaries, some necessary prioritisation of will increase as sea levels rise and the actions. intensity and frequency of storms increase. b) Flood risk management infrastructure need 3.64 In terms of fluvial flooding, none of the River Thames tributaries enjoy the 3.61 There are approximately 536,000 same high level of protection and some properties in areas at risk of flooding are completely undefended. The from rivers and the sea in London. Of Thames Catchment Flood Risk these 30,000 (6%) are in areas with a Management Plan (CFMP) sets out significant risk of flooding35, while 87% short, medium and long term strategies are in areas with a low likelihood of and actions required to manage flood risk on fluvial rivers in London. 32 Thames CFMP http://www.environment- agency.gov.uk/research/planning/127387.aspx 33 TE2100 consultation http://www.environment- agency.gov.uk/research/library/consultations/106100.as px 34http://static.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/sds/docs/r egional-flood-risk09.pdf 35 Defined as having a greater than 1 in 75 chance of flooding each year by the National Flood Risk Assessment (NaFRA).
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Figure 7: The occurrence of Flood Zones across Greater London (areas benefiting from flood defences are also shown)
Source: Environment Agency
3.65 We have a good understanding of flood storage and drainage measures to flooding from rivers and tidal sources. mitigate surface water flood risk. With the production of the Surface Water Management Plans for each borough, c) Flood risk management surface water and groundwater flooding infrastructure provision is becoming better understood. Boroughs are now starting to investigate 3.66 The most sustainable way of managing the higher risk areas identified in the fluvial and tidal flood risk, particularly for Surface Water Management Plans. The new development, is to locate it in areas Drain London project is continuing to of lowest flood risk. However, where this support boroughs in this role. The is not possible other ways to protect Surface Water Management Plans will people and property from flooding need represent key evidence for Local Flood to be found. Risk Management Strategies which London Boroughs have a duty to 3.67 Technical and economic constraints to produce under the Flood and Water further reductions in flood risk in London, Management Act 2010. Drain London is as well as changes to funding currently implementing a £1.5 million mechanisms and flood risk management programme of demonstration and practices mean reliance on “hard” flood investigation projects including defences may not be viable in the future, Community Flood Plans, green roofs, meaning that flood risk improvements may need to be achieved through other
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means. In addition, the amount of spend on Environment Agency flood risk development along the edge of management schemes in London is watercourses means that options for expected to reach £14m this financial structural solutions are limited in large year, with the majority of spend on the parts of London. Thames Estuary. In addition, £3m of local levy funding has been confirmed for 3.68 The Thames CFMP identifies projects in London for this financial year. redevelopment as a key mechanism for Over the next ten years, the managing flood risk in London. Many Environment Agency expects to spend sites currently at risk of flooding will be about £300 million on maintaining and redeveloped. Improving the layout and replacing the tidal defences along the design of these redeveloped sites Thames Estuary. provides a crucial opportunity to keep people safe and reduce flood risk to 3.72 In May 2011, the Department for the surrounding communities. Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) announced a new approach to 36 3.69 The Thames Estuary 2100 (TE2100) funding flood risk management called plan sets out actions for ensuring that ‘Flood and Coastal Resilience London remains protected from tidal Partnership Funding’. The new approach flooding for the next century. Within the has allowed a wider range of schemes to period covered by the London Plan, be eligible for part funding from central actions focus on the maintenance of and government, with more funding in the improvements to the tidal defence form of contributions from beneficiaries network. The TE2100 plan shows that e.g. communities and developers. There the Thames Barrier will continue to is also a greater emphasis on funding for provide a high level of protection until flood risk management schemes where around 2070. the benefits are wider than flood risk management, including improvements in 3.70 The Environment Agency’s Programme deprived areas and biodiversity benefits. for Flood and Coastal Risk Management It is likely that most tidal schemes in Schemes sets out the expected work central London currently proposed by the programme to 2015/16. However, only Environment Agency will qualify for full works for this financial year have been flood defence grant in aid. However, confirmed. For 2013/14, projects within smaller schemes, including community- London include major works within the led initiatives and measures proposed to Thames Estuary and works on the address surface water flood risk, may Salmons Brook which are expected to require more of a split between flood benefit nearly 4,000 properties. defence grant in aid and other funding.
d) Flood risk management infrastructure funding and delivery
3.71 The Environment Agency anticipates committing £25m of spend on maintaining and replacing the tidal defences along the Thames Estuary within the next financial year 2013/14, with spend over the next five years expected to reach £40m37. Overall
36 http://environment- agency.gov.uk/research/library/consultations/106100.as px 37 Environment Agency’s Programme for Flood and http://www.environment- Coastal Risk Management Schemes (South East) agency.gov.uk/research/planning/118129.aspx
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ENERGY supplying London, which generally operate at lower pressure and to which 3.73 Information for energy infrastructure is the majority of consumers are initially largely based on initial connected40. Other key infrastructure engagement with key energy companies includes the local transmission network (UK Power Networks (UKPN) and and low pressure gasholders. National Grid). In addition, the Mayor’s Climate Change Mitigation and Energy 3.77 In terms of energy generation there are Strategy (Delivering London’s Energy some power stations in London, which Future), which commits London to are directly connected to National Grid’s providing 25 % of its energy need high-voltage transmission network. At through decentralised energy sources by present National Grid is not aware of any 2025, signals a shift in the traditional proposals to construct any additional provision and consumption patterns. direct connection power stations in London. However, in the light of CO2 a) Strategic energy infrastructure reduction targets and a range of 3.74 This includes both the distribution challenges and uncertainty surrounding networks and the transmission the UK’s electricity supply, decentralised infrastructure between the energy energy opportunities, feeding into the generation and the Distribution Network DNO’s lower-voltage networks such as Operators (DNOs) (in London: UKPN large-scale heat networks, Combined and Scottish & Southern Energy Power Heat and Power (CHP) plants and Distribution (SSEPD) for electricity and microgeneration such as photovoltaics on individual buildings are rapidly National Grid Gas and Southern Gas 41 Networks38 for gas). Figure 8 provides a gaining importance , as well as energy wider overview of the from waste plants. The Mayor's Climate companies/organisations currently Change and Energy Strategy and the involved in the energy market. London Decentralised Energy Capacity Study sets out how decentralised energy 3.75 For electricity National Grid owns and can and will be delivered across London. operates the high-voltage39 electricity transmission system in England and b) Energy infrastructure need Wales. Key transmission infrastructure 3.78 The London Energy and Greenhouse includes the high-voltage power Gas Inventory (LEGGI) provides data for lines/cables (which are either installed as greenhouse gas emissions and energy overhead lines, in the ground with other consumption for London. According to utilities or in deep tunnels constructed LEGGI greenhouse gas emissions specifically for that purpose) and the generally increased during the 1990s substations that reduce the voltage for followed by a stabilisation with significant further distribution by the DNOs. The drops in 2004 and 2008. Into the future DNOs develop and maintain their the Mayor supports a reduction in energy network of cables and substations at demand through a range of energy voltages from 132 kV to 230 volts efficiency initiatives including retrofitting including the connections to the end and a decentralised energy users. programme.42
3.76 For gas National Grid owns and . operates the high-pressure National Transmission System (NTS), which transports gas from terminals to Local 40 Distribution Zones (LDZ), including those The majority of customers are supplied from a below 7 bar distribution network. 41 Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future, 38 South of the River Thames excluding the Battersea October 2011, p. 78-81 to Lambeth area. 42 Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future, 39 Upgrade to 400 kV currently underway. October 2011
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Figure 8: The energy market
Source: GLA
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3.79 However, electricity demand is – after a the above factors, particularly during temporary decrease during the economic periods of severely cold weather44. downturn - forecast to return to a long- run average increase of 1 to 4 % per 3.81 National Grid and Southern Gas also year43 in the medium term, and with facilitate the increasing entry of sustained levels of population and renewable gas into the grid. Renewable business growth the spare electricity gas is expected to become more capacity in London’s 11 kV network is important in the future and is a way of significantly diminishing. In particular in de-carbonising the gas grid. The Central London and in Opportunity Areas Government is introducing a Renewable such as Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Battersea Heat Incentive that is intended to assist (VNEB), developers and businesses are in the development of the renewable gas concerned about electricity infrastructure industry. As a result of the predicted provision, and some development is at stabilisation in peak day demand no least held up by negotiations to agree major ‘general’ reinforcement works are necessary reinforcements to the currently expected within the LDZ. distribution network. In the City, there However, local reinforcement may be has also been a significant increase in required as part of future mains demand for capacities exceeding 5 MW replacement strategies and to provide to meet a particularly high IT use, and gas to new developments such as UK Power Networks are constructing a Opportunity Areas, for example to serve new 33 kV distribution network to meet their energy centres and associated gas- these demands. It is expected that fired CHPs. through engagement with National Grid, UKPN and SSEPD a comprehensive 3.82 Much of National Grids North London’s and spatial overview of areas with old metallic gas mains have now been potential future capacity shortfalls (if no replaced, with over 60% of all mains in new substations are provided) is the city now polyethylene. Although the included in the next version of this current replacement programme is document. currently under review with the HSE, replacement of the old metallic mains will 3.80 Gas is currently the most significant continue, In Outer London the focus will source of energy in the UK; excluding be on replacing significant lengths of the transport sector it provides the smaller low pressure pipes however the majority of the energy used in London, city centre has a high proportion of very directly or by fuelling electricity large diameter old Victorian medium generators. National Grid’s 2011 gas pressure mains and any future consumption forecast indicates that total replacement of these will require careful annual gas demand will decrease by 7.6 planning and close engagement with % by 2020, with gas usage in North other service providers and stakeholders London expected to drop from 57 TWh in to ensure opportunities and synergies 2011 to 53 TWh by 2020. A number of are fully explored. factors are contributing to this decline including the anticipated state of the 3.83 There are around a dozen active low- economy, affordability and increased pressure gasholder sites in London. It is utilisation efficiency and new likely that all of these will be technologies such as Smart Metering. decommissioned during this decade Peak day demand is expected to remain resulting in brownfield land being relatively stable or experience a modest released for development. The Mayor is reduction, as this is less influenced by considering the preparation of planning guidance for hazardous installations in 2013 that will also cover gas holders.
43 Increase in electrical appliances in households/businesses, also potential increasing need for cooling in summer due to climate change 44 National Grid, UK Future Energy Scenarios, 2011
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3.84 An additional national challenge from the design of National Grid’s substations Transmission and Distribution depends on the location and specific Companies’ perspective will be the less requirements but a gas insulated predictable and less controllable nature substation can typically occupy an area of some of the renewable sources of up to 250m x100m with a height of across the UK such as large-scale wind below 15 m. power45 and how the network can accommodate such additional 3.87 UK Power Networks plans to invest in generation. However, these issues have electricity distribution infrastructure in to be addressed to facilitate the London spending approx. £600m in the implementation of the Mayor’s five year regulatory period to March decentralised energy target. 2015. This investment involves establishing a number of new main 3.85 Whilst different from infrastructure needs substations where electricity is addressed above, the infrastructure transformed from 132 kV to 11 kV, and opportunities of decentralised energy this, in turn requires the installation of provision in particular through medium new 132 kV cables. Such substations, and large-scale heat networks fed which typically require a footprint in initially by CHP generation and sources excess of 1000m2 and a minimum of waste heat should be highlighted. The headroom of 10m, require a construction largest renewables opportunity within period of about two years although this London is in the wide-scale deployment may increase for a complex site. UKPN of small ad medium-scale renewable is also developing a new 33 kV network heat and power technologies, particular to supply new loads greater than 5MVA photovoltaics. It is projected that in the vicinity of the City. It is often not renewables could supply more than possible to install 132 kV cables using 10,000 GWh of energy or 12 % of “open cut” techniques, and hence UKPN London’s total energy supply and is currently constructing a deep tunnel decentralised energy as a whole in from New Cross to The City. This forms excess of 25% of London’s energy part of an overall reinforcement strategy needs. However, there are a range of and will increase both capacity and barriers to the realisation of the resilience in The City. UKPN has decentralised energy opportunities recently completed a major project to including barriers to investment in heat install six new transformers and and electricity infrastructure and the associated switchgear at Bankside regulatory framework.46 substation, and is currently constructing new 132 kV/11 kV substations at Osborn c) Energy infrastructure provision Street and Limeburner Lane, as well as uprating Moreton Street substation in 3.86 National Grid’s London Cable Tunnels Pimlico to 132 kV. It is expected that programme worth approximately £ 1 bn further details about infrastructure is underway. Its Phase 1 (completion by investments plans covering the next 2015) will provide a new tunnel route Business Plan period 2015 to 2023 will from Willesden to Hackney and from be included in the next version of this Wimbledon to Kensal Green. At the latter document, which will also include details and at Finsbury Park new substations relating to the Scottish and Southern will be built subsequently for the Energy Power Distribution network in purposes, respectively, of providing west London. traction supplies to the Crossrail project
and to support current and forecasted 3.88 In respect of gas, the following maps demand in Central London. The size and (Figures 9 and 10) show National Grid’s and Southern Gas’ main Local 45 National Grid Transmission, RIIO-T1 Business Plan, Distribution System (brown/green) and July 2011 46 the offtakes from the National Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future, October 2011, p. 82-84 Transmission Systems.
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Figure 9: National Grid’s North Thames Local Distribution Zone
Source: National Grid, Long Term Development Plan
Figure 10: Southern Gas’ South East Local Distribution Zone (extract)
Source: Southern Gas, Long Term Development Statement
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3.89 It is expected that the information about the Mayor’s target is in the order of £ 5 – specific significant investment schemes £ 7 billion over the next 15 years.48 included in National Grid’s and Southern Gas’ Business Plans that have been d) Energy infrastructure funding submitted to the regulator Ofgem will be and delivery included in the next version of this document47. 3.92 Funding for investment in the electricity and gas infrastructure is raised through transportation and new connection 3.90 To achieve the Mayor’s decentralised energy target the development of charges, which are paid to the network decentralised heating and cooling operators for transmission through the networks as well as large-scale heat and networks. The price that the companies electricity transmission networks is can charge is regulated by Ofgem. They essential. The London Heat Map helps set the maximum amount of revenue to identify key locations for decentralised which the operators can take through energy opportunities. A number of charges they levy on users of their potential heat networks have been networks to cover their costs and earn identified and mapped out, together with them a return in line with agreed their potential heat sources and sources expectations. Ofgem’s upcoming price of heat demand and these include in control reviews reflect the a new regulatory framework (the so-called RIIO particular the Opportunity Areas. A 49 number of CHP plants have already model ) which is intended to put more been identified and policy drivers emphasis on incentives to drive the promote them, in particular for major innovation needed to deliver a developments. These are the following sustainable energy network at value for CHP-led district energy schemes: money to existing and future consumers. Olympic Park and Stratford City, Citigen, It also highlights greater opportunities to influence Ofgem and network company the Pimlico District Heating Undertaking 50 (PDHU), Barkantine Heat and Power, decision-making. Whitehall District Heating Scheme, the Bunhill Energy Centre, King’s Cross 3.93 National Grid has submitted revised draft Central and the University College Electricity and Gas Transmission RIIO- London and Bloomsbury CHP. T1 Business Plans for 2013 – 2021 to Ofgem in spring 2012. Demand forecasts from the DNOs have been 3.91 The Mayor’s Decentralised Energy Programme Delivery Unit (DEPDU) taken into account. For electricity the provides services to help others develop plan set out National Grid’s strategy for and bring to market their decentralised infrastructure modernisation and new energy schemes. The Mayor contributes connections and includes expenditure of to the delivery of exemplar decentralised £ 21.9 bn (nominal) between 2013 and energy projects such as the London 2021. Over the £14bn capital Thames Gateway Heat Network or the expenditure programme roughly 60 % Upper Lee Valley Energy Network, which will be spent on new connections and 40 are geared towards unlocking barriers to % on replacing existing assets largely investment by the private sector. The built in the 1950s/1960s (above figures cost of infrastructure for such large-scale are national). For gas there will be the projects tends to exceed £ 100 million. need to connect new and expanding The total investment required to achieve
48 Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future, October 2011, p. 99 47 National Grid, Gas Distribution Business Plan 49 Revenue = Incentives + Innovation + Output submission for 2013 – 2021, Nov 2011, can be view at: 50 Ofgem, RIIO: A new way to regulate energy http://www.talkingnetworksngd.com/ networks, October 2010
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sources of gas (e.g bio-gas from forward planning orientated distribution waste51) and provide new gas offtakes. of costs and risk. He and the boroughs may also consider using the planning 3.94 For gas distribution National Grid and system (including the use of CIL and Southern Gas have submitted their section 106 as appropriate) to fund and revised draft RIIO-GD1 Business Plans enable energy networks and renewable to Ofgem in spring 2012. National Grid’s energy technologies and infrastructure. submission amounts to £ 13.6 bn There is further potential for funding (nominal) over the next eight years on its through Allowable Solutions52 as part of four gas distribution networks. the requirements for new development to be zero carbon – residential 2016 and 3.95 For electricity distribution the current non-residential 2019. price review period goes until 2015 and the formal preparation for the following 3.98 The following specific issue illustrates period (RIIO-ED1) from 2015 to 2023 is the Mayor’s concerns further: A new well underway. UKPN is engaging with distribution substation may cost a DNO customers and stakeholders on the approx £ 15 million, and costs would requirements for their RIIO-ED1 normally be recovered from a developer business plan with particular emphasis whose development may exceed the on the underlying planning assumptions available network capacity within an and the key output measures that they area. A developer may face in such a might be assessed against. situation a major cost for a new piece of electricity infrastructure that could go 3.96 The regulatory regime requires that well beyond his needs and which may customers be protected from companies significantly affect the economics of the spending irresponsibly to build the value scheme. DNOs may view this situation of their asset base. However, this can differently: For a major new have the effect of constraining development, the demand created may investment until it is unambiguously exceed the capacity available within the required. This situation is further local network. The regulatory framework compounded by the complexity of requires the developer to pay for the development in London. provision of the additional capacity which is required for their sole-use. Whilst the 3.97 The constraint of anticipatory investment distribution company will pay for any in infrastructure (i.e. ahead of need) additional reinforcement in the area, as it raises questions about the incentive for is in the common good, and the the DNOs to plan more comprehensively developer will be compensated for any and for the long-term the infrastructure capacity created which is over and required to accommodate further growth above their needs, the developer may and business needs, although the still be faced by a substantial upfront London Plan provides robust evidence to cost53. He may also have to integrate the underpin its growth figures. Planning infrastructure (e.g. a new substation) into with longer-term timescales could his development site. This piecemeal potentially also be more cost effective way that developers contribute to the and prevent delays as they currently provision of electricity infrastructure occur when new infrastructure is potentially puts a risk on the viability or required. The Mayor will consider
exploring the promotion of potential 52 improvements to the way electricity This is a mechanism to give developers an economical way of compensating for the CO2 infrastructure is provided and ensuring a emissions reductions (to achieve 'zero carbon') that are difficult to achieve through normal design and construction (i.e. carbon compliance). 51 The London Waste and Recycling Board is looking to 53 The so-called ‘second-comer’ rules ensure that the support London waste-based anaerobic digestion developer will gain a credit for future connections biogas to grid projects that would inject gas into and/or some compensation from other developers who London’s gas grid. take up spare capacity in the new infrastructure.
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delivery of developments or leads to a customers. The Mayor seeks to reduction of developer contributions that influence the Government on its can be made for affordable housing or programmes that support decentralised sustainable transport provision. energy. Other incentives exist that will support the deployment of decentralised 3.99 In order to address the issues set out energy including Renewables Obligation, above the Mayor hosted an Electricity Feed in Tariff, Renewable Heat Incentive Summit in November 2012 at which a and Climate Change Levy. 55 The Mayor High-level Working Group was launched has also secured around £3 million in that should facilitate closer cooperation European Local Energy Assistance between key stakeholders to promote (ELENA) funding from the European sustainable levels of investment in the Investment Bank to support the delivery of London’s electricity commercialisation of large scale infrastructure when and where required. decentralised energy projects. This The two key components of this are funding is supporting a team of experts network accessibility and network to take potential decentralised energy competitiveness. Stakeholders have projects from concept through to reacted positively to the establishment of investment grade proposals. the Working Group and further details about its work will be included in the next 3.101 Under the new regulatory regime, version of this document. The Mayor decentralised energy offers the DNOs may also consider helping to identify the opportunity to off-set network land for required new substations, tunnel investment by supporting the network at head houses and other energy peak times. There is also the opportunity infrastructure and possibly facilitating to intelligently integrate the decentralised coordination of new cable routes with energy supply chain from production to other infrastructure providers in the light consumption using so called Smart of concerns of road works causing Technology56. congestion. This could be underpinned by an appropriate London Plan policy 3.102 UKPN’s Low Carbon London programme dealing with land for energy is exploring how the electricity infrastructure. distribution network should change to support the delivery of the London’s 3.100 To support the Mayor’s decentralised carbon reduction target. It aims to do this energy target public money needs to be by installing smart meters in the Mayor’s invested initially to mitigate underlying Low Carbon Zones and Green risks and to create opportunities for Enterprise District. monitoring electric private investment and to develop vehicle use, trialling demand response markets in the decentralised energy contracts with industrial and commercial sector. DEPDU will provide guidance to customers in the City of London and the Boroughs on business models. The Green Enterprise District, establishing a Energy Service Company (ESCO) is a Low Carbon London Learning common model for the delivery of small- Laboratory at Imperial College London. scale decentralised energy schemes. The Government’s Green Investment
Bank proposals will also provide an important opportunity to develop energy infrastructure54. The principle could be that the bank would fund an entire investment and returns are made according to the rate of connecting new
55 Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future, 54 The principle could be that the bank would fund an October 2011, p. 73 and 85 entire investment and returns are made according to 56 GLA research is underway to look at the benefits and the rate of connecting new customers. how this could work in London.
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3.105 The use of the internet for domestic use is also increasing rapidly with the 3.106 Information for telecommunications increasing popularity of online buying infrastructure is initially largely based on and selling, home working and online input from British Telecom (BT) and their marketing as contributing factors. The six-monthly rolling infrastructure work growing demand for bandwidth is driven program. Information from the regulator in the residential sector largely by Ofcom and from BT’s competitors with a innovation in the entertainment sector significant share of London’s market is (HD TV, etc). The Olympic Games in expected to be included in the next 2012 gave a boost to the demand in version of this document. particular for instant internet access anywhere in London requiring a further a) Strategic telecommunications roll out of wireless coverage. BT had a infrastructure target of 500,000 Wifi Hotspots in London by the time of the Olympic 3.103 This includes the availability of fast broadband57 and ethernet connections Games. Future targets are being as well as Wi-Fi Hotspots. The required identified and the potential significance physical infrastructure includes data of 4G network rollout across London as centre and street cabinets as well as the well. copper, fibre and ethernet connections. Wi-Fi equipment can be included in 3.106 In 2011, 19 million (77 %) of households residential and business premises but in Great Britain had an Internet also in pay phones, bus stops and connection. Access barriers for the lampposts. remaining 5.7 million include the high cost of equipment and the lack of skills b) Telecommunications to use the internet. However, for over half of those without a connection it is a infrastructure need deliberate choice.61 3.104 Telecommunications is a fast-growing sector, and software companies are 3.107 Data centres represent important particularly thriving in London compared telecommunications equipment for many with other European cities58, reflecting large businesses in London. To ensure London’s global city role as a finance complete resilience for un-interrupted and creative capital. An economic service the distance to the data centre evidence base for the Mayor’s Digital should not exceed 22 miles. London initiative has been produced59. It has been identified that ICT companies c) Telecommunications concentrate mainly in the CAZ but also infrastructure provision for example in the Docklands and Greenwich (back offices). Moreover, a 3.108 Policy 4.11 of the London Plan promotes digital hub is fast developing in East the expansion of modern London. The area has experienced telecommunications infrastructure and 700% growth over the past three aims to address e-exclusion. years60. The survival of these companies 3.109 According to BT almost everywhere in is dependent upon fast 62 telecommunications infrastructure – London high-speed broadband (up to without this London’s digital economy 24 Mbit/s) is available. The roll out of will not be globally competitive. super-fast broadband (up to 110 Mbit/s) is under development and the coverage of 2.6 million premises in London was 57 Dial-up internet is hardly used any more. 58 London as a whole is home to 22,000 ICT and software companies - more than three times the 61 Office for National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin, amount of its nearest European competitor, Madrid. Internet Access - Households and 59 http://www.london.gov.uk/publication/londons-digital- Individuals, August 2011 economy 62 The speed decreases with the distance from the 60 London & Partners data exchange or street cabinet.
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targeted by March 2012. It requires a connections are technically possible but fibre connection directly to the premises potentially more expensive to provide, or at least to a street cabinet. BT include individual areas within the north provides the first for new development of London as well as areas in Bexley, areas if the developer informs them at an Lambeth, south Bromley and south early stage. For large business services Croydon. BT provides an ethernet connection (up to 10 Gbit/s). The maps on the following 3.110 It should be noted that the information page (Figures 11 and 12) show BT’s provided for BT’s coverage requires super-fast and ethernet deployment. further updating and should be Areas where currently no super-fast complemented with information from its broadband is planned include mainly competitors with a significant share of remote areas in north-east Hillingdon, London’s market such as Virgin Media. Brent and south Croydon as well as the Such information is expected to be City of London and other business included in the next version of this centres. These areas mainly cater for document. large businesses through the provision of ethernet connections but less well for 3.111 As telecommunications infrastructure the relatively few residential customers equipment becomes smaller through and SMEs. In terms of ethernet innovation, over time the size and deployment the majority of London can number of the exchanges required is be connected. The ‘white’ areas, where likely to decrease.
Figure 11: Super-fast broadband deployment in London
Source: BT
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Figure 12: Ethernet deployment in London
Source: BT
d) Telecommunications customer needs and the fast pace of infrastructure funding and delivery innovation in this sector the rolling investment program only covers six 3.112 The Government has established an months into the future. It is possible that urban broadband fund that will create already within a few years new ‘super-connected cities’ across the UK. bandwidth technologies will be available. The cities will receive support from the This is likely to also require very regular fund over the next three years. The GLA reviews of this section of the has secured for London £ 25 million from Implementation Plan. DCMS and will match this with other public and private funds in particular to 3.114 In terms of any current supply gaps meet the digital connectivity needs of identified there are mainly economic but London's businesses. It is expected that few technical barriers for filling these through the delivery of this project further gaps. Residential development is the spatial data about telecommunication economic driver for telecommunications needs of different parts of London may investment. become available.
3.115 A technical constraint to provision is the 3.113 Investment and funding of complexity of underground works in the telecommunications infrastructure are light of underground infrastructure for regulated by Ofcom. In the light of the other types of infrastructure (gas, focus on responding flexibly to individual
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electricity, transport, water) and potential WASTE conflicts of required construction works with surface transport. A coordinated 3.117 Information for waste infrastructure is approach is necessary to address these largely drawn from the Mayor’s Municipal complexities and to identify potential Waste Management Strategy (MWMS) synergies. and supporting documents, and the Mayor’s Business Waste Strategy for 3.116 The provision of data centres and street London (BWS), all published in 63 cabinets may be constraint by the November 2011 . Work undertaken by availability of electricity as potentially in the London Waste and Recycling Board 64 the centre of London (see section on (LWARB) is also reflected. electricity infrastructure). In some parts of London difficulties have been 3.118 For the purposes of this Implementation experienced between boroughs and Plan, London’s waste arisings (ie waste service providers over the siting of street generated in London) is categorised into cabinets and other infrastructure. This three streams: may be an issue for further consideration Local Authority Controlled Waste if it impedes implementation of essential (LACW) (previously known as infrastructure. municipal solid waste (MSW)) – waste collected by London’s waste authorities, principally from households, but also an element from commercial organisations commercial and industrial (C/I) waste construction, demolition and excavation (CDE) waste The London Plan focuses mostly on MSW and C/I waste, as these are the waste streams which national planning policy requires planning authorities to address through their plans, identifying appropriate waste management capacity.
3.119The problems of providing reliable estimates of waste data are long standing and well-known. While the quality of MSW data is accepted, with authorities making regular returns to DEFRA's Waste Data Flow, there is no equivalent for C&I waste. The Environment Agency provides C&I waste treatment data for licensed sites through its waste interrogator tool. However, what may be a significant proportion of C&I waste is managed by sites exempt from the need for a licence from the Environment Agency, so the quantum and origins of the waste these sites
63 http://www.london.gov.uk/publication/londons- wasted-resource-mayors-municipal-waste- management-strategy 64 http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/
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handle cannot be precisely quantified. The imprecision of C&I data is a national one but as London is the largest commercial centre in the country this problem is exacerbated. CD&E estimates are based on survey data undertaken in 2003.
a) Strategic waste infrastructure
3.120 The strategic waste infrastructure addressed in this section of the Implementation Plan is that which is required to manage London’s waste arisings within London by 2031 in line with London Plan waste policies– chiefly, material reclamation facilities (MRFs), composting and anaerobic digestion facilities, pre-treatment facilities and thermal treatment facilities.
b) Waste infrastructure need
3.121 In 2008, London generated a total of 20 million tonnes (mt) of waste, comprising approximately 4 mt of LACW, 6.5 mt of C/I waste and 9.5mt of CDE waste65. The London Plan estimates London’s MSW and C/I waste arisings (the key waste streams for planning purposes) at 10.7 mt for 2011, rising to 11.7 mt in 2031 of which 53% is currently managed in London for the purposes of meeting waste apportionment, with the remainder exported, chiefly to landfill beyond the Greater London area.
3.122 Figure 13 shows the waste management methods used in London for each of the three main waste streams66. Overall, 61% of London’s waste is reused, recycled or composted, but it has to be said that this figure is skewed by the very large proportion (82%) of CDE waste which is managed in this way. Reuse, recycling and composting accounts for 53% of C/I waste, and only 30% of LACW, although this waste makes up the lowest proportion of waste arising overall.
65 The Mayor’s Business Waste Strategy for London, November 2011, page 24 66 Ibid, Figure 2, page 25
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Figure 13: Breakdown of London’s waste management methods 2009/10
100% 6% Other 3% Landfill 90% 18% 24% Incineration
25% Recycling 80% 36%
70% 17% 8% 60% 6%
50% 31% 40% 82%
30% 61% 53%
20% 30% 10%
0% Total CDE C&I LACW
Source: MWMS & BWS
3.123 The Mayor’s key London Plan policy through a spatial redistribution process objectives for waste, as set out in Policy known as waste apportionment. 5.16 Waste Self-Sufficiency, are to: 3.124 London Plan Table 5.3 shows the minimise waste tonnages of apportioned LACW and C/I increase reuse, recycling and waste boroughs are expected to manage composting, and to through the plan period. The amounts maximise London’s waste self- rise over time – not because waste sufficiency – i.e. to reduce waste generated is expected to increase exported to landfill outside London, dramatically, but because an increasing by managing over the plan period (to proportion of waste will be managed 2031) as much of London’s waste within London as waste exports to within London as is practicable. neighbouring regions decline and the capital nears waste self-sufficiency. To make sure this happens, Policy 5.17 Waste Capacity requires boroughs to c) Waste infrastructure provision allocate land for waste to provide enough capacity to deal with the 3.125 In order to achieve the Mayor’s objective amounts of waste allocated to them of waste self-sufficiency, London will
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need to develop infrastructure capacity 3.130 This level of investment will be met to manage at least an additional 8.5 mt primarily through commercial funds It is of MSW and C/I waste within its evident through LWARB’s project boundaries by 2031. portfolio that the waste industry is keen to help fill London’s waste management 3. 126 To develop this infrastructure, LWARB’s capacity gap, but significant additional funds alone will not be sufficient. Given investment is necessary from banks and the extent of the capacity gap and the other financial institutions to fill the capital cost associated with waste market. Whilst the UK Green Investment management infrastructure Bank is very active in the PFI/PPP development, LWARB’s fund is only space, LWARB’s financial involvement in capable of supporting partial fulfilment of merchant projects has been the ‘gap’ requirements. LWARB demonstrated to help leverage private therefore takes a targeted approach to funding to the extent that such projects the use of its funding to make sure the become viable. It is essential that identified capacity gaps are narrowed as LWARB continues to receive funding much as possible, supporting scale from the government beyond 2015 to projects and thereby reducing the overall develop projects currently in the pipeline, capacity gap. to give certainty to the market, and to leverage in additional funding for further 3.127 To date, LWARB has committed to projects. There are currently a number of making loans to six infrastructure funds to leverage investment from, which projects totalling £18.3 million – see could contribute to developing waste Table 5. These projects will deliver a management infrastructure in London, total of 428,000 tonnes of additional including the London Green Fund (£186 waste management capacity, for local million). authority collected waste and C/I 67 waste . 3.131 These substantial costs could be partially offset, however, by savings 3.128 As pointed out earlier, London currently achieved through the successful deals with a proportion of its waste by implementation of the full range of exporting it to other regions, mostly to Mayoral waste policies – for example: landfill. The London Plan sets stringent, but achievable, targets for the capital's Managing London’s LACW in the waste authorities to progressively most optimal way through reuse, increase internal waste management recycling and renewable energy capacity so that the exported component generation could save London waste decreases over time. The Mayor is authorities up to £90 million per year. working with waste authorities in Preparing London to manage all its neighbouring regions to monitor and plan waste (including C/I and CDE waste) for this transition towards self sufficiency, in the most carbon efficient and particularly against the background of economically beneficial way could progressive exhaustion of landfill generate approximately 1260 green- capacity outside London. collar jobs and contribute £52 million d) Waste infrastructure funding of direct Gross Value Added (GVA) and delivery to the economy each year to 2025.
3.129 It is estimated that the total infrastructure investment required for London’s waste management needs could have capital costs in the region of £2bn and annual operational costs of £150 million.
67 Ibid, pages 60 and 117
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Table 5 LWARB-funded and committed waste infrastructure projects 2008-11 Capacity Project Project (tonnes Status of Location Sponsor types per project year) Anaerobic Funding Confidential 44,395 Greenwich digestion committed Barking Anaerobic and TEG Group 49,000 Contracted digestion Dagenha m Thermal Biossence 130,000 Havering Contracted treatment Plastics Funding GreenTech Reprocessin 25,000 Enfield committed g Orchid Funding Environmen MBT/MHT 160,000 Bexley committed tal Limited Plastics Funding Confidential Reprocessin 20,000 Greenwich Committed g Source: LWARB
Energy generated from London’s SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE municipal waste, after maximising recycling, could contribute £92 3.132 Information for social infrastructure is million of savings to London’s £4 initially largely based on GLA research to billion electricity bill and take £24 build on relevant London Plan policies million off London’s £2.5 billion gas and the Housing SPG. bill68. a) Strategic social infrastructure 3.133 This focuses initially on education, health and social care, sport, policing and emergency facilities as strategic social infrastructure but social infrastructure also covers a wide range of other facilities such as community, cultural, play and recreation facilities and places of worship, and many other local uses and activities which contribute to Londoners’ quality of life. Provision for these facilities should be addressed at the local level.
68 The Mayor’s Municipal Waste Management Strategy, November 2011, page 95
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EDUCATION a) Education infrastructure need
Primary and secondary education
3.134 GLA demographic projections show the total numbers of primary age children are set to rise by 20.7 per cent by 2021. In addition, the numbers of children seeking secondary school places is expected to rise greatly, with the number of eleven-year olds up 22.4 per cent by 2021. This means the minimum total demand for places by children resident in London between 2011 and 2021 will require 4,900 additional primary classes and 2,800 additional secondary classes across London69.
3.135 The GLA currently runs a pan-London school roll projections service for boroughs. Opportunities to expand the service so it covers all boroughs and gives a more strategic picture of school places in the capital will be explored in 2013. The Mayor will work closely with boroughs and the Department for Education (DfE) on identifying areas of need.
Higher Education
3.136 GLA’s Data Management and Analysis Group’s Briefing on projected demand for places at Higher Education Institutions in London70 demonstrates that on current trends, total full-time undergraduate numbers are projected to increase by 67,313 (31%) between 2009-2010 and 2021-22. Total full-time post-graduate numbers are projected to increase by 97,910 (131%) over the same period.
69 This does not take account of some spare capacity within some schools nor take account of London’s higher mobility of children across borough boundaries 70 Mayor of London. Projected Demand for Places at Higher Education Institutions in London, Intelligence update 13-2011. http://data.london.gov.uk/datastore/package/projected- demand-places-higher-education-institutions-london
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Table 6: Actual and projected demand for full-time undergraduate places at London HEIs
UK domiciled ‘Other EU’ ‘Non-EU’ Total full-time full-time domiciled full- domiciled full- under- under- time under- time under- graduates graduates graduates graduates Actual (2009- 175260 15405 26680 217355 10) Projected 222212 15728 54148 284668 (2021-22) % increase 27 2 103 31 Source: Students in Higher Education Institutions 2009/10, Higher Education Statistics Agency
Table 7: Actual and projected demand for full-time postgraduate places at London HEIs
‘Other EU’ ‘Non-EU’ Total full-time UK domiciled domiciled full- domiciled full- post- full-time post- time post- time post- graduates graduates graduates graduates Actual (2009- 30990 11355 32365 74725 10) Projected 51839 24065 78807 172632 (2021-22) % increase 67 112 143 131 Source: Students in Higher Education Institutions 2009/10, Higher Education Statistics Agency
3.137 Tables 6 and 7 show that on current before they can accept new trends, the rate of increase is projected international students and restricting to be higher among overseas students applicants to study one course only) (particularly non-EU) than among The supply of student accommodation in domestic students. However, it is London and the affordability of rents are important to note that the Government key considerations for students and proposals below will affect future factors in the choice of the institution and demand for places from students and the overall attractiveness of HEIs in these are not factored into the above London. Strategic planning is essential if projections: the projected demand for new bed
spaces in student accommodation is to Change to tuition fees for domestic be met. students and more specifically London Immigration policy to address non- economic routes of migration into the UK (the introduction of higher English language requirements for incoming students, limitations to the amount of international students education providers can accept, standards that education providers need to meet
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b) Education infrastructure 3.142 Since 2010-11, all universities and provision colleges have been subject to limits placed on the number of undergraduate students they can recruit, known as Primary and secondary education student number controls. From 2012-13, the Government asked Higher Education 3.138 It is clear that London is facing a growing Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to crisis in school places. London Councils implement a core margin policy whereby forecasts a serious shortage of both institutions offering lower tuition fees primary and secondary school places in could bid for additional student places the next four years of 90,000 by from a margin made available through a 2015/201671 based on available capacity reduction in the number of places in May 2011. available at all institutions. Furthermore, the Government introduced its high- 3.139 Free Schools can play an important role grades policy – in 2012-13 students with in helping to provide more good quality AAB at A level or other exempted places where there is a shortage, but qualifications were excluded from the also in those areas where there is no student number control limit. In 2013-14 shortage but parents feel the quality of it is likely this will extend to ABB. These provision is not good enough. London is policies could affect the capacity of currently home to 26 open Free Schools. universities and colleges in London to recruit students, expand or contract 3.140 As the strategic planning authority and provision differentially. HEFCE continues regeneration and housing agency for to monitor developments nationally. London, with access to data about school places, the Mayor intends to set 3.143 The future role of local educational up a ‘New Schools for London’ unit in the authorities is presently unclear. Future GLA to help address the shortage of provision for primary and secondary school places in London and support the schools will have to be investigated development of Free Schools. The further in the light of the emerging Mayor has also committed to auditing changes. the GLA group estate for 10 buildings or sites for purchase by the DfE for Free c) Education infrastructure School developments. funding and delivery
Higher education Primary and secondary education 3.141 By far the largest concentration of higher education in the UK is in London. 3.144 Funding for all schools in the UK is London counts 41 publicly funded Higher undergoing reform. London’s schools will Education Institutions and a total of receive nearly £6.5 billion via the 427,785 students and 99,290 members Dedicated Schools Grant (revenue of staff. Private institutions have no legal stream) in 2012-13, with a further £225 requirement to produce figures on their million of funding being provided via the status. However it is estimated that 10% Pupil Premium targeted at the 375,000 of students attend 488 private sector most deprived pupils in the capital. institutions in London (private providers London boroughs will receive £414 and other higher education centres) million in core capital funding, and this amounting to 122,000 students. was supplemented in April 2012 by an additional £307 million for school places.
71 This is calculated by London Councils as a shortage 3.145 In 2011 the Government allocated an of 78,923 primary school places and 12,227 secondary extra £260 million to the capital to school places across London, between 2011/12- address the serious shortage of places 2015/16. They estimate total cost of meeting such a needed in primary schools in the next shortfall as £2.3bn by 2015.
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four years. The 2012 Autumn Statement Parliament. This will include new with £1 billion to expand ‘good’ schools specialist maths Free Schools for 16- and build 100 new Free Schools and 18 year olds, supported by strong academies (national figures). London university maths departments and authorities can use the capital funding academics; and they receive from the DfE to establish invest an additional £600 million to new schools, with a statutory support those local authorities with presumption that these should be the greatest demographic pressures Academies or Free Schools. Free – the majority of which are in School groups can also access capital London. This funding is enough to funding through the Free School deliver an additional 40,000 school application process run by the DfE. Yet places. many are struggling to find suitable sites in their area of choice. 3.149 Planning obligations can be secured to ensure delivery of new facilities and services (see London Plan Policy 8.2). A Higher education number of boroughs are also bringing 3.146 Higher education in London is funded by forward proposals to use CIL for this Higher Education Funding Council for purpose. Further investigations will be England (HEFCE). HEFCE recurrent carried out on funding opportunities funding allocated to universities and associated to higher education and directly-funded colleges in London primary and secondary facilities. totalled £1,386 million in 2011-12. HEFCE’s grant is reducing to reflect the higher proportion of funding available to institutions through increased tuition fee income from 2012-13 – the first year with students paying fees of up to £9000 per year. Total national HEFCE grant available for 2012-13 is £5,311 million (with £3,213 million for teaching) compared to £6,507 million (£4,339 million for teaching) in 2011-12. This will affect all London institutions differentially, though most will see cash reductions in their funding from HEFCE.
3.147 In April 2009 London Councils published estimates that by 2014 London could have a shortfall of more than 18,200 reception class places, with 14,700 five year olds being taught in temporary classrooms72
3.148 In respect of primary and secondary education, the Government will:
invest an extra £600 million to fund 100 additional Free Schools which are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to parental demand by the end of this
72 Do the Maths: tackling shortages of primary school places in London. London Councils, April 2009.
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HEALTH Productivity and Prevention (QIPP) plans as part of national initiative to improve the quality of care and deliver efficiency a) Health infrastructure need savings. QIPP priorities include providing 3.150 In July 2010 the Government published services closer to home, reducing its White Paper ‘Equity and Excellence: avoidable admissions and re-admissions Liberating the NHS’ setting out plans to to hospitals, reducing length of stay and restructure the NHS. The Health and implementing new pathways for urgent Social Care Act will bring about the care. Health improvement and transfer of responsibility for prevention initiatives and programmes commissioning most healthcare services will also deliver significant cost savings to consortia of GPs, known as clinical to the NHS. commissioning groups, and the establishment of an NHS Commissioning 3.152 The regeneration of individual areas will Board for commissioning primary care require a comprehensive assessment of services and specialist acute services. In health and wider social infrastructure addition, the Primary Care Trusts’ (PCT) requirements in accordance with the public health function will transfer to local methodology in paragraph 3.88 of the authorities. The strategic health authority Plan, including site opportunities and NHS London and the 31 London PCTs options for integrated provision of will be abolished and the ambition is for services. Housing development in the the new clinical commissioning groups to Opportunity Areas and Areas of be the statutory commissioning bodies Intensification will place significant from April 2013. pressure on existing health services and many of the areas have limited or no 3.151 In advance of this, PCTs have arranged existing health provision. Therefore, new themselves into six clusters to reduce primary healthcare facilities will be management and operating costs and to required to cater for the new population. support the development of GP Across London it is estimated that the commissioning in London. The clusters following primary care health services have produced Quality, Innovation, will be required:
Table 8: Broad health requirements Broad Broad Broad health requirements requirements requirements (low) (high) Number of Whole Time 158 235 Equivalent (WTE) GPs Primary and community care 26,070 38,775 space (m2) Source: The London Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment and Housing Capacity Study (SHLAA/HCS) and the HUDU Model. The ‘low’ and ‘high’ requirements relate to different net population growth scenarios.
3.153 The planning of new facilities will take shifting care closer to home and out of account of local commissioning priorities hospitals, including the early detection which in turn are influenced by current and treatment of long-term conditions and future health needs and demand for will place greater pressure on primary services. London continues to and community care. Local decision experience significant population growth making will also seek to integrate and an increasingly ageing and services across primary and secondary ethnically diverse population. Increased care and social care organisations. demand for services, coupled with Health and wellbeing boards and their
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partners undertake and contribute to the the focus on estate modernisation and Joint Strategic Needs Assessment and efficiency that this level of new build Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategy that development will continue. However, inform GP commissioning plans and local authority and private sector support the integration of delivery. regeneration and development schemes offer an opportunity to deliver new 3.154 No infrastructure requirements for facilities and partially fill a funding gap secondary care are provided at this through s106/CIL. stage as further work is needed to assess the implications of QIPP plans, c) Health infrastructure funding hospital reconfiguration plans and and delivery reviews of mental healthcare services. Individual hospital sites will also be 3.159 The Spending Review 2010 has reduced subject to rationalisation as different NHS capital funding by 17%, with the institutions take out clinic and bed expectation that NHS organisations will capacity. achieve £20 billion savings through quality and productivity improvements by b) Health infrastructure provision 2014. The Operating Framework for the NHS in England states that there will be 3.155 Currently health estate planning is driven no automatic capital allocations for by PCT clusters who are developing PCTs, with necessary funding being estate strategies. Making better use of granted on a case-by-case basis. The the NHS estate in London is a key priority for capital funding will be on element of QIPP with a focus on maintenance and essential smaller providing greater access to services and improvement schemes. It is likely that improving the quality and efficiency of capital funding for new build schemes the estate. New premises should be able will be tightly constrained. Also, to deliver sufficient capacity to meet the additional demand for healthcare needs of existing and future patients and services generated by rapid population deliver care closer to home, which will increases and transient populations will include investment in out-of-hospital generate significant revenue costs which services. are not immediately picked-up in PCT allocations. 3.156 Specialist hospital services are being centralised and community health 3.160 Based on estimated housing capacity services have been transferred to and population increase on large sites in hospital trusts. Plans are underway to the designated Opportunity Areas and reconfigure hospital services in north Areas of Intensification from, it is east London, in north London and in estimated that broad health south east London. infrastructure costs will be around £ 1 – 1.5 bn.73 This figure includes both 3.157 The NHS estate in London (valued at primary and secondary capital and current use at approx £6 billion) is revenue costs. complex, comprising some 2,000 sites operated by many different organisations, many of whom are undergoing major reorganisation. The ownership and management of the PCT estate is changing. Some properties have been transferred to community service providers, whilst PCTs retain the residual estate for the time being.
3.158 During 2010/11, 21 new primary care 73 London Strategic Housing Land Availability centres were opened. It is unlikely given Assessment and Housing Capacity Study (SHLAA/HCS) and the HUDU Model
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SPORT Artificial grass pitches 3.164 Across London the five sub regions are a) Sport infrastructure need projected to generate a demand for just under 269 pitches by 2021. This total 3.161 Swimming pools, sports halls and artificial grass pitches are most important demand compares with a London total in supporting community sports supply across the five sub regions in participation. They are also the most 2021 of 138 pitches, available for important facilities in terms of local community use. This means that total authority investment. More detailed demand exceeds total supply by just information on projected community over 130 pitches. demand and projected supply by 2021 of swimming pools, sports halls and b) Sport infrastructure provision artificial grass pitches can be found in Swimming pools the Mayor’s technical report on strategic 75 sports facilities in London.74 The 3.165 London has 273 swimming pool sites essential contribution parks, open of which 177 sites are public and 96 spaces and playing fields make for sites are commercial sites. Public informal play and recreation is swimming in public pools represents recognised in paragraph 3.184. 64.8% of the total swimming pool stock Specifically on playing fields research is in London. The highest supply of being considered, also to identify data swimming pool sites is in the South sub- about additional requirements. region, with 74 sites and 27% of the total swimming pool capacity across London. Swimming pools Pools in London are close to capacity (pools are regarded as being close to full 3.162 At a London wide level, demand and when they are at 70% of their theoretical supply for swimming pools are broadly in capacity). balance and will be in 2021. However, there are some variations or 'hot spots' Sports halls within each sub region. The central, east and north sub-regions have the greater 3.166 London counts 436 sports halls sites and supply deficit of swimming pools. In a total of 603 individual main halls. The these areas, there is a need for East sub-region has 34% or some 149 additional swimming pool provision or a sites of the London total sites. The change in the management of existing South sub-region has 24% of the total swimming pools to increase access. London supply of sports halls with 106 sites. By 2021, 91% of the sports hall Sports halls capacity will be used across London.
3.163 London’s population growth is projected Artificial grass pitches to generate a demand for 2,486 badminton courts in 2021.The total 3.167 London has a total supply of 158 artificial capacity or sports hall supply across grass pitch sites of which 151 sites are London is 1,795 badminton courts, public and 7 sites are commercial available for community use courts. artificial grass pitches. The East sub- Across London total demand exceeds region has the highest number of total supply by some 690 badminton artificial grass pitch sites with 50 sites courts. and 31% of the total London supply. By 2021, London’s 158 artificial grass pitches sites will be at capacity.
74 An evidence base for sports facilities in London – the basis for strategic sports facilities planning across London using Sport England’s Facility Planning Model. David Payne, August 2010. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs- 75 ibid. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs- london/mayor/publications/planning london/mayor/publications/planning
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Figure 16: Unmet demand for swimming pools in London 2021
Source: Sport England
3.168 The sport facility stock in London Table 9: Unit costs for key community changes on a regular basis with new sports facilities sites opening and some sites closing. The Mayor’s technical report on Sports Facility Facility Costs Facilities in London76 is both used by the Type Details GLA (Mayor’s Capital Legacy Fund) and Pools 25m pool Sport England via their investment £3,120,00077 programmes to inform their decision (5 lane) making processes in relation to the capital grants that they allocate in Sports hall 1 court - 4 £800,000 - London. This helps to ensure that the court £2,685,000 investment is targeted to have the Artificial maximum impact. The data from the £690,000 - grass technical report is also used by National £1,185,000 pitches Governing Bodies as part of the production of their National Facility Strategies which delineate the priorities Source: Sport England for facilities for those sports in London
3.169 For community sports facilities, Table 9 provides unit costs for individual key facilities.
77 http://www.sportengland.org/facilities__planning/plannin 76 Ibid. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs- g_tools_and_guidance/planning_kitbag/facilities_costs. london/mayor/publications/planning aspx
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c) Sport infrastructure funding Working within increasingly difficult and delivery financial constraints and ensuring optimising the use of our assets. 3.170 For sport facilities, Sport England invests National Lottery and Exchequer b) Policing infrastructure provision funding78 (around £225 million a year) to help grow participation in grassroots 3.173 It is important that the diverse nature of sport and create opportunities for people policing needs as a result of to excel at their chosen sport. Although development and intensification can be these funding pots contribute met. Policing needs vary on a borough- significantly to the overall investment in by-borough basis and are influenced not sports facilities, others funding sources only by population numbers but also by such as the London Marathon Trust, the demographics, accessibility and Lottery grants secured by amenity specialist operational need. The societies or Friends’ groups to make identification of strategic policing improvement in facilities, are important requirements allows a holistic approach to deliver the funding necessary to to the provision of policing facilities and secure all of London’s sporting needs. the MPS have identified the following facilities (Table 10) will be required, POLICING together with details of funding arrangements. a) Policing infrastructure need 3.174 The MPS also has to ensure 3.171 The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) and the Mayor’s Office for Policing and communications coverage through roll- Crime (MOPAC) are committed to out of its Airwave network. This means delivering a more efficient, effective and ensuring provision is made for the locally focused service with modern necessary infrastructure to be facilities. The Metropolitan Police 'Estate incorporated in new development. The Strategy 2010 - 2014' sets out how this Mayor is considering providing guidance will be achieved. It maintains the about how this might best be done. principles to modernise and maximise the Metropolitan Police Estate. An element of modernisation is a requirement for ‘strategic’ policing facilities, with a pan-London role.
3.172 The Estate Strategy highlights the following as key challenges facing the estate:
Responding to the speed of change and increasingly dynamic nature of policing. Having the right buildings; of the right size; in the right place. Being able to able to accommodate new policing operations at short notice. Accommodating new functions into existing buildings without disrupting current operations. Working with a range of other public sector partners.
78 http://www.sportengland.org/funding.aspx
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c) Policing infrastructure funding and delivery
3.175 Please see Table 10.
Table 10: Requirements for strategic policing facilities
Infrastructure/ Short term (2010- Medium term Long term (2020- Delivery 2015) (2015-2020) 2035) Custody Provisioni 35 units total provision to 2017
Strategic 5 units Deployment Facilities5 Pan-London 4 units Training Facilities Specialist Undetermined Operational Training Facilities Regional Ware- 4 units housing Facilities
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Facility Type Facility Details Total Costs (Committed)
Custody To increase capacity to meet Provisionii policing needs and resilience to Prison and Courts Service
To provide modern, fit for purpose custody accommodation for iii£105m (£45m) detainees and staff
Backup and public meeting facilities also incorporated to meet legal requirements of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act
Strategic To meet the strategic and Deployment international crime prevention role, Facilities5 including counter-terrorism, £45m (£18m) diplomatic protection and UK security
Pan-London Provision of officer training facilities, Training Facilities widely located, principally for £14m (£7m) borough-based policing activity
Specialist Provision for various specialised Operational policing operation, including firearms Unknown Unknown Training Facilities and Forensics
Regional Ware- Accommodation for backup £28m (£7m) housing Facilities operations
Source: Cgms
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EMERGENCY SERVICES: incidents has increased and the risks FIRE STATIONS faced are more significant. The LFB regularly review the different a) Fire services infrastructure need requirements they have for their vehicles and their staffing arrangements that give 3.176 The London Fire Brigade (LFB) operate the greatest flexibility in providing cover 113 fire stations across London and resilience. (including 1 river station) and 169 pumping appliances (fire engines) b) Fire services infrastructure located at those stations. The location of 271 vehicles enables them to provide provision additional support when required at 3.179 The London Fire Brigade (LFB) are a major incidents while maintaining cover London-wide service and they locate across London for day-to-day demand. their fleet of emergency response In preparing how to deliver an vehicles where they can offer the best emergency fire and rescue service to protection to London as a whole. Local London the LFB are mindful of how fire stations can provide people with London will change over the coming emergency cover. However, it is often years. There are however no direct links that vehicles come from a number of between the population size of London surrounding stations. The LFB aims to and the number of emergency incidents reach most emergency incidents in less the LFB attend79. than six minutes.
3.177 New buildings, whether homes or 3.180 The LFB’s Asset Management Plan business premises, will be built to a describes the intentions for the location modern standard and many will have fire and regeneration of fire stations in protection measures incorporated. There London. This is based on modelling work is a relationship between the risk of fire which has identified the best locations and deprivation, but improving living for fire stations (and the number of standards which new homes will bring, vehicles they need to accommodate) and greater public awareness of the and a detailed review of the LFB’s causes and risks of fire should see a property estate. reduction in the number of incidents. It is expected that London will continue to 3.181 The 2009 Asset Management Plan see an overall reduction in the number of identified 30 priorities for property incidents attended by the London Fire improvement. Of these, 19 priorities are Brigade up to 2030. currently addressed – 9 replacement fire stations as part of a Private Finance 3.178 The LFB looks at when and where Initiative (PFI) project (Dagenham, incidents have happened in the past to Dockhead, Leytonstone, Old Kent Road, determine the future demand for their Orpington, Mitcham, Plaistow, Purley emergency response service. The LFB and Shadwell), Harold Hill (construction have detailed incident records going completed) and Walthamstow back to 2000 and are able to use such (construction underway), and a new site data to accurately model and plan for the to replace West Norwood fire station future. Over the past decade the LFB (subject to planning permission). 3 have been successful in reducing the stations are awaiting potential number of emergency incidents they development proposals as part of the have to attend (through their community LFB’s Corporate Property Project and regulatory safety work). This (Lambeth, Kentish Town and however does not directly lead to a Clerkenwell) and 4 stations have been reduction in the number of staff or included in the Capital Programme vehicles they need as the complexity of (Deptford, Holloway, Plumstead and East Ham) for either rebuild or refurbishment. 79 Fourth London Safety Plan 2010/2013
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c) Fire services infrastructure infrastructure. Together they provide a funding and delivery green infrastructure strategy for London, providing guidance and a spatial 3.182 The 9 replacement fire stations are framework for London-wide green funded through £57.4m of PFI credits infrastructure and promoting partnership secured in 2006. The level of capital working across 11 established Green investment required to address essential Grid area groups within London and estate works is £141m over the next 10 beyond via Green Arc Partnerships. years and is summarised as follows: Maintenance improvement work a) Strategic green infrastructure identified from a condition surveys is £87m. Assuming 20% of the works 3.184 The definition of green infrastructure is a identified will be funded from revenue, multi-functional interdependent network the indicative financial requirement to of open and green spaces and green address the backlog is estimated at features (eg green roofs). It includes the £70m: Blue Ribbon Network (the network of London’s waterways) but excludes the £49.3m for improved functionality hard surfaced public realm. Its multi- and condition at Plumstead, functionality is a key characteristic of Woolwich, West Norwood, Brixton, green infrastructure: Green infrastructure New Cross, East Ham, Heathrow can be beneficial for and/or have and Hendon fire stations; synergies with mitigation/adaptation to £21.7m for committed works included climate change, biodiversity, landscape, in the Capital Programme for heritage, water management, recreation 2011/12 and beyond. and tourism, transport, health and education, and food production These costs assume that the PFI programme proceeds and is based on 3.85 Trees and woodlands are an important temporary fire stations not being element of green infrastructure in required and any alternative site London. In recognition of the benefits of purchases will be matched by disposal of good management of this resource as an existing sites. Responding to this total ‘urban forest’, supplementary guidance expenditure of £141m requires an on- has been published to foster a more going capital programme (supported by integrated approach to long term borrowing) together with the receipt management of this affair. anticipated in 2013/14 from the sale of 8 Albert Embankment (the former HQ building). 3.186 To help drive forward the implementation of green infrastructure, the Mayor has set targets of an additional two million trees over the whole of London by 81 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 2025 , and an increase in the amount of surface greened in the Central Activities 3.183 London’s green infrastructure is Zone by at least 5% by 2030. identified through the All London Green Grid Supplementary Planning Guidance b) Green infrastructure need 80 (ALGG SPG) and a series of ALGG 82 Area Frameworks. The ALGG SPG 3.187 The London Strategic Parks report provides an overview of strategic green identified areas of deficiency for London infrastructure opportunities for each in both Regional and Metropolitan Parks area. The Area Frameworks describe and identified the need to encourage the area objectives and the projects and development of networks of open spaces initiatives that will deliver London’s green to meet strategic open space
81 Mayor of London, London Plan 2011, p. 239 80 The ALGG SPG is available for download at 82http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/park http://www.london.gov.uk/publications s/index.jsp
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requirements, and promote cross- ensure better recreational/tourism borough coordination in implementing values. proposals for new or improved Regional The creation, restoration and and Metropolitan Parks. improved management of green infrastructure to ensure better 3.188 Borough Open Space Strategies provide ecological, landscape, climate the evidence base for identifying local change adaptation and sustainable needs and provision. The London Plan food production outcomes. sets out in Table 7.2 benchmarks for The integration of green access to public open space to assist infrastructure into development and boroughs in setting local standards in regeneration schemes, promoting their Open Space Strategies. Figures 17 quality of life. and 18 illustrate deficiencies in public open space and access to nature. 3.192 There are opportunities of specific strategic importance and/or a specific 3.189 In central London, in particular, green nature that have been identified through infrastructure has been identified as a the ALGG process (e.g. schemes that key mechanism for addressing issues of require significant physical overheating and surface water flooding. investment/funding). For example, one of It is expected that green roofs will be the the key pieces of strategic green main mechanism for meeting this target. infrastructure so far identified is the Wandle Valley Regional Park. The 3.190 Improving the quality of green boroughs of Wandsworth, Croydon, infrastructure is a key issue. In recent Sutton and Merton have developed with years there has been significant new the Mayor and other key partners such investment in the look and feel of parks as the Environment Agency, the Wandle and green spaces across London. The Forum and the National Trust, a ALGG aims to ensure these governance framework for the regional investments, and future investments, park. also enhance the functionality of the spaces to demonstrate that continued 3.193 Green infrastructure continues across investment and maintenance delivers a the boundaries of London to the areas wide range of environmental, social and beyond and in London’s urban fringe. economic benefits, and is therefore a The Green Arc partnership of key to delivering sustainable neighbouring counties, in particular in development. North East London, with the GLA and key stakeholders such as the City of c) Green infrastructure provision London and Natural England, are seeking to further develop ways of 3.191 As part of the ALGG 11 Green Grid Areas have been established (Figure working to create a well-connected and 19). Key types of opportunities accessible countryside around London. recognising the range of functions of The Lee Valley Regional Park, Epping green infrastructure across the different Forest and the Forestry Commission at areas include: Thames Chase Community Forest are especially significant areas for London. The delivery of new strategic parks and open spaces and connections between them, promoting a range of benefits, including health and well- being. The improvement of facilities, attractions (including heritage and landscape features), views and routes for walking and cycling to
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Figure 17: Open space deficiency plan
Source: ALGG SPG
Figure 18: Access to nature
Source: ALGG SPG
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Figure 19: Green Grid Governance Areas
Source: ALGG SPG
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c) Green infrastructure funding 3.197 The Mayor is far from alone in providing and delivery support for green infrastructure across London. Stakeholder programmes that 3.194The precursor to the ALGG was the East are helping to deliver the ALGG include: London Green Grid. Many of the projects Heritage Lottery Fund’s Parks for People identified in this sub region received as well as Landscape Partnerships funding through the Government’s funds; the Environment Agency’s river Thames Gateway Parklands initiative. In restoration programme; and funding the current economic climate it is unlikely secured by a wide range of third sector that similar levels of resource will be organisations to deliver a wide range of available directly from the public purse nature conservation, food-growing and for the expanded ALGG. tree-planting projects.
3.195However, alternative funding streams 3.198 The supplementary guidance on and new ways of resourcing green preparing tree and woodland strategies, infrastructure are being explored as part advocates the incorporation of the of the ongoing development of the green valuation of these assets as a infrastructure concept. Quantifying the mechanism for identify their full value to costs and benefits of investing in green communities. In London the Capital infrastructure is one of the key objectives Asset Valuation for Amenity Trees of the Government’s recently launched 84 83 (CAVAT) is followed by TfL and a Green Infrastructure Partnership . This number of boroughs, and the i-tree85 will highlight the multi-functional nature methodology has also been used. It is of green infrastructure, which means the hoped to extend the use of i-tree across opportunity to be provided and London. resourced as a component of, or complementary to, other infrastructure 3.199 Developer contributions are of high and services such as flood and water importance to the funding of green management, transport and public infrastructure: London Plan Policy 5.10 health. requires major developments within the CAZ to contribute to green infrastructure 3.196 Mayor’s direct delivery programme for towards the Mayor’s target and Policy the ALGG is via his London’s Great 2.18 requires developments in deficiency Outdoors initiative and includes the areas for Regional or Metropolitan Parks Mayor’s Street Trees initiative and his to contribute appropriate elements of Pocket Parks fund. It also includes: the green infrastructure. Boroughs may also former Help a London Park programme; consider the inclusion of green the ‘Big Green’ fund, which will support a infrastructure investment into a local number of exemplary strategic scale Community Infrastructure Fund (CIL). projects or clusters of projects; other green space enhancements delivered 3.200 The Opportunity Areas and large-scale through Transport for London’s public regeneration schemes provide specific realm programme; the Outer London opportunities for the integration of green Fund and the Mayor’s Regeneration infrastructure from the outset. Fund. These have and will continue to enable Londoners to gain access better 3.201 A key issue for green infrastructure is the quality spaces; increasing opportunities cost of maintenance as well as the for coming together, relaxing and original capital expenditure. The London playing; for healthy living, food growing Parks and Green Spaces Forum and the and a little more contact with nature. London Benchmarking Group have developed an annual benchmarking
84 CAVAT - Capital Asset Valuation for Amenity Trees. 83 http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/natural/green- 2010. London Tree Officers Association infrastructure/ 85 Green Benefits in Victoria, Victoria BID June 2012
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survey to monitor and compare the costs of managing parks and green spaces. Figures are generally collected on a borough basis with a breakdown of different types of maintenance regime. Data for 2011/2012 is currently being collected.
3.202 Increasingly, park “friends” groups and other community groups are helping to provide volunteers to assist in the maintenance of green spaces. The London Parks and Green Spaces Forum has helped to establish a Friends Network to share best practice. It is likely that volunteers will become a more significant resource for green spaces in the future.
3.203 Innovative thinking and new approaches to the ways green spaces are designed and managed can make a significant contribution to implementing green infrastructure at little or no extra cost. However, lack of appropriate design, management and operational skills is a limiting factor in optimising the benefits provided by a green infrastructure.
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The Government has brought CHAPTER FOUR forward legislation that will enable TIF projects to take place, with two FUNDING possible options with TIF areas being OPPORTUNITIES part of the overall retained business rate system or as possible separate
areas. The Mayor has strongly
supported the latter option. The
Government have also committed to 4.1 Some funding opportunities are generic, examine whether the Mayor and applying across different types of partner authorities could borrow infrastructure and many implementation against CIL income and Enterprise activities. Zones, such as in the Royal Docks,
provide a source of business rate 4.2 Beyond continued ‘mainstream’ funding income to the London Enterprise from Central Government, the Mayor’s Partnership for 25 years which could and the boroughs’ capital programmes, also potentially form a basis for only the most relevant and/or innovative borrowing to fund infrastructure. funding mechanisms that the Mayor
intends to pursue are covered and include: Accelerated Development Zones The Accelerated Development Zone concept is based on that of TIF and Planning Obligations is designed to allow local authorities Whilst the CIL could become the in defined areas to capture principal means of funding incremental value in the form of tax infrastructure, it is likely that planning revenue generated from new obligations will continue to have an development. In order to do this, important role with regard to local government requires the power affordable housing, items that are not to retain long-term local tax revenues infrastructure and site-specific generated from development, such requirements. As set out in Policy as business rates, allowing funds to 8.2, the Mayor will provide guidance be raised for investments, through for boroughs and other partners on securitisation of those revenues.86 the preparation of frameworks for
negotiations on planning obligations in DPDs, reflecting his strategic EU Capital Grants priorities including affordable Building on the successful application for waste management funding housing, transport, climate change, 87 learning and skills, healthcare, child through the JESSICA programme , care facilities and small shops. opportunities to apply for similar However, the Mayor does recognise funding for other significant the need for realism about the extent infrastructure projects could be to which development can bear the considered. costs of providing infrastructure, particularly in the conditions likely to Incentivisation Schemes exist in the early years of the Plan The New Homes Bonus was period. introduced in 2011; the scheme incentivises housing delivery by Tax Increment Funding (TIF) This is an innovative funding 86 LG Futures, Enabling capital investment by London mechanism deploying projected local government, 2010, p 76 future tax gains of infrastructure and 87 Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in other improvements (in terms of City Areas – an initiative of the EU Commission, in additional business rates) to an area conjunction with the European Investment Bank, to to finance the infrastructure itself. promote sustainable investment, growth and jobs
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providing local authorities with The potential for their application funding equal to the national average to support the implementation of for the council tax band on each the Plan and the required additional property and paid for the infrastructure has to be following six years as unringfenced investigated further. grant. The bonus is also paid on empty properties brought back into 4.3 At least the early part of the period use and includes an additional £350 covered by the London Plan is likely to for each affordable home. - The see significant constraints on public Government is also working on expenditure, with fewer resources business rate reforms to encourage available for infrastructure and other economic development. It is provision needed to support the growth legislating to grant billing authorities identified in the London Plan. However, (i.e. London boroughs) additional the London Plan does not dependent powers to offer discounts on upon a particular level of short-term business rates to promote economic public spending, and there is the development. It has also announced flexibility to revisit the phasing of proposals for local authorities to required expenditure and to deliver the retain all or part of their growth in policies in ways that minimise public business rates yield. These initiatives money. This can be addressed in future will be introduced by April 2013. iterations of the Implementation Plan.
Other potentially relevant funding 4.4 The Mayor is seeking greater financial opportunities include: independence and aims to influence Government on its review of local o local government bonds Government finance that started in (which were used by TfL to summer 2011. In particular he would like finance £600m of investment to see changes to the criteria for funding in the Tube system between allocation recognising the generation of 2004-2006) outputs and tax income, which are o the Private Finance Initiative significantly higher in London than in all (subject to a robust other parts of the country. Currently it is evaluation to ensure value for only based on expenditure need. This is money and government also of importance as the density of support) development in London creates an o encouraging local added imperative for investment government pension funds to because the downside risks of invest in delivering breakdown are so much greater in a infrastructure projects large, crowded, city than elsewhere in o placing local authority assets the country.88 The London Finance into special purpose vehicles Commission has been set up by the (e.g. local housing companies Mayor to look at new ways of devolving or urban regeneration funding to London. Comprising a number companies) to promote of experts, the Commission will examine investment in partnership with the potential for greater devolution of private developers both taxation and the control of o Other central and local funds resources (capital and revenue) to which could be used to improve the tax and public spending support infrastructure. arrangements for London. It will report to the Mayor in Spring 2013.
88 GLA Economics, Public Spending Priorities in London, 2010
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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUS ION S AN D LOOKI NG AHEAD LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
the funding is available to support the CHAPTER FIVE growth of London’s economy.
CONCLUSIONS AND Water
LOOKING AHEAD 5.4 Significant investment is underway/planned to improve London's water quality - wastewater treatment Conclusions works upgrades, the Thames and the Lee Tunnel. Further investment will be 5.1 Overall this Implementation Plan required to accommodate growth until provides a clear overview of 2031. The water companies WRMPs implementation mechanisms across all provide an overview of required water the policies of the Plan. It highlights the supply infrastructure for the medium need for cooperation with a wide range term. In terms of flood risk, the of partners, and already during the Environment Agency's Thames Estuary preparation of this draft, it has served as 2100 project sets out the long-term a platform for discussions between strategy for flood risk management on stakeholders. In the light of the potential the tidal Thames and was published in changes in public funding an even November 2012 following Government greater focus on the effective sign-off. Investigations into particularly management of existing assets and high surface water flood risk areas saving of natural resources is required. across London are also underway and Timescales and ways of implementation supported by the Drain London project. may also have to be reconsidered. Energy 5.2 In terms of strategic infrastructure this Implementation Plan also provides a 5.5 Spare electricity capacity in London is robust baseline. However, a lot of further significantly diminishing and there are work is required to establish potential constraints to longer-term investment. deficits in provision over the long-term The establishment of a High-level and how they could be addressed. Working Group - as part of the Mayoral Available information varies significantly initiative on electricity - seeks to facilitate between different types of strategic closer cooperation between key infrastructure. On this basis the following stakeholders to promote sustainable initial conclusions can be drawn for the levels of investment in the delivery of different types of strategic infrastructure: London’s electricity infrastructure when and where required. In terms of London's Transport gas infrastructure significant investment is taking place to replace aging pipes. 5.3 Amongst other schemes, Crossrail, the Scottish & Southern Energy Northern and Sub-Surface lines Power Distribution and Southern Gas upgrades and the Thameslink upgrade Distribution still have to be approached will be delivered in the short to medium to get a more comprehensive overview term, providing a substantial increase in of electricity and gas provision. rail capacity and reliability. TfL is also Decentralised energy opportunities beginning a major upgrade of London’s should be realised in the light of the roads which will start by targeting Mayor’s carbon reduction targets. congestion black-spots and improving safety for all road users. TfL’s latest draft Telecommunications Business Plan for the period until 2020 continues to address the key challenges 5.6 London's global competitiveness facing London’s transport. TfL will depends on fast-growing continue to work with the Department for telecommunications infrastructure. Transport and HM Treasury to ensure Super-fast broadband is being rolled out across London in the short term and this
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is supported by Government funding. It Londonwide level. However, there are will have to be ensured that required some variations or 'hot spots' within each investment is also taking place in areas sub region. Coordination and with comparatively few residential prioritisation of investments will be customers. BT's key competitors in essential. The modernisation of the London still have to be approached to police estate including ‘strategic’ policing get a more comprehensive overview of facilities will help respond to the broadband provision. challenges of the dynamic nature of the sector. As regards to fire stations, it is Waste expected that London will continue to see an overall reduction in the number of 5.7 The London Plan’s aspiration to incidents up to 2030. minimise the export of waste by
managing the equivalent of 100% of the Green Infrastructure capital’s waste within its boundaries as is practicable by 2031 is challenging but 5.9 The All London Green Grid SPG achievable. The GLA and the London provides an overview of strategic green Waste and Recycling Board (LWARB) infrastructure need and provision in have made a good start in estimating the London. For green infrastructure it is required capacity and cost of dealing particularly important that synergies with with municipal waste management, and the provision of other infrastructure and channelling financial support to key services are sought. infrastructure. More work needs to be done to fully capture and address the 5.10 Underground infrastructure raises infrastructure requirements of specific cross-cutting issues: This commercial/industrial and construction, includes surface road transport demolition and excavation waste. disruption caused by underground works for water, energy, telecommunications Social Infrastructure infrastructure and the complexities but also potential synergies between 5.8 Planning of new social infrastructure underground infrastructure for transport, facilities in London is complex with a water, energy, telecommunications service delivery landscape constantly infrastructure. changing and different types of social infrastructure facing different challenges: London is facing a severe shortage of Looking ahead school places and Free Schools can play 5.11 Beyond its function as an overview and an important role in addressing this baseline of implementation actions and shortage. Demand for places at higher strategic infrastructure over time the education institutions in London are Implementation Plan should become a projected to increase; however change tool to help coordinate and promote the to tuition fees for domestic students and delivery of these implementation actions more specifically London and and strategic infrastructure requirements immigration policy to address non- across London. economic routes of migration into the UK are not factored in those projections. 5.12 The strategic infrastructure part could for Increasing demand for healthcare example inform the Mayor’s response to services, coupled with shifting care related borough planning documents closer to home and out of hospitals, will including Core Strategies, Infrastructure place greater pressure on primary and Delivery Plans (IDPs) and CIL Charging community care. Local assessments of Schedules. It could also help ensuring needs and Joint Health and Wellbeing that land for strategic infrastructure at is Strategies will inform GP commissioning allocated at the local level. plans and support the integration of delivery. Demand and supply for sports facilities are broadly in balance at the
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5.13 The Implementation Group will over whilst the sub-groups will continue to time establish its role in supporting the communicate virtually as and when revisions of the Implementation Plan. It new data/information for a specific will also be a useful forum to share type of infrastructure are emerging. expertise and enable cooperation The Mayor is planning to undertake between its members and beyond. This further work and mapping the could be important in the light of the strategic infrastructure required to demonstrated complexity of deliver the optimum level of implementation planning and the lack of Opportunity Areas and Areas of capacity of public sector planning staff in Intensification. Only for a few this area. The group may also help to Opportunity Areas (draft) Planning identify aspects that are of importance in Frameworks have been produced policy terms and should be considered that address strategic infrastructure for the next London Plan review. Work requirements in detail. The work on on a comprehensive Further Alterations the VNEB OAPF is exemplary in this document is expected to start during respect and similar studies have 2013. been prepared for the Olympic Legacy SPG and White City. This 5.14 There is a clear link between the and the infrastructure need and Implementation Plan and the Annual provision for other emerging OAPFs Monitoring Report (AMR). Whilst the should be informed by the VNEB latter looks at past performances to example and this Implementation identify trends, the Implementation Plan Plan and vice versa to ensure some is focusing on current and future actions degree of consistency and over time to facilitate policy implementation and to build up an overview of the improvements. However, the regular cumulative infrastructure updating of the Implementation Plan requirements of these growth areas. provides a monitoring mechanism in The Mayor is considering to promote itself indicating if the identified actions a common London approach to the are carried out and adding further action production of IDPs and CIL Charging to support policies and strategic Schedules in close cooperation with infrastructure required. A lack of the London boroughs. This would implementation mechanisms for certain also facilitate their application of the policies or infrastructure requirements Duty to Cooperate. In terms of CIL could also be identified linking this further guidance could include the Implementation Plan similarly to the infrastructure to be covered, common AMR back to the review of policy. The timescales (short, medium and long- AMR will continue to be published terms), a common approach to cost annually at the end of February whilst estimates and information about the Implementation Plan will be updated funding sources. every summer. This will allow them to inform each other where appropriate. 5.16 The Mayor is also keen to facilitate the co-ordination of underground 5.15 The following specific issues lie ahead infrastructure works to minimise for the further development and next disruption on residents and road users. In iteration of the Implementation Plan: September 2011, he introduced his ‘Roadworks Pledge’, which set out the There is the opportunity to discuss standards Londoners should expect to updates and additions with see adhered to at all works sites in the stakeholder groups. capital. He recently agreed a The Implementation Group will meet strengthened Roadworks Code of once or twice per year, as the Conduct, setting out joint targets for differences between the various improving the management of roadworks types of infrastructure would not and reducing traffic disruption. The warrant more frequent meetings, London Permit Scheme for Roadworks is
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also being introduced across London by April 2013.
5.17 In addition, in June 2012, the Mayor introduced the country’s first Lane Rental Scheme, whereby utilities and TfL are charged for undertaking works on the busiest parts of the road network at the busiest times. The Lane Rental Scheme is expected to drive a real change in the way works are planned and undertaken, encouraging the use of innovative working techniques and materials that will enable works promoters to work outside 5.18 Any suggestions or questions about the of peak times, or more quickly, to reduce Implementation Plan should be sent to their exposure to lane rental charges, and, therefore, the disruption their works Jörn Peters, cause road users. A TfL/DfT jointly- Senior Strategic Planner funded research project, looking at Development & Environment innovative roadworks techniques and GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY materials, has already identified a number City Hall of measures that could be employed The Queens Walk across London to significantly reduce the London SE1 2AA scale and length of works taking place, including the use of quick drying concrete E-mail: [email protected] and road plates to allow roads to be re- opened to traffic far sooner or at peak times.
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ANNEX 1 S U M MARY OF KEY I M PLM E NTATION ACTIONS LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
provided. It has to be highlighted that the ANNEX 1 certainty specified for an individual action does not represent a prioritisation. SUMMARY OF KEY Instead it indicates if there is a strong IMPLEMENTATION commitment by the key deliverers or if the action depends on specified ACTIONS circumstances. Each action only appears once - within the most relevant policy A1.1 Annex 1 provides an overview of area - to avoid duplication. However, strategic and tangible implementation every policy an action supports is actions per policy area (sub-divided mentioned. policy chapters) for the GLA group and key stakeholders. These actions support A1.2 Similar to the main document Annex 1 is and facilitate the implementation of the work in progress. The actions listed for Plan’s policies. They are based on a the different policy areas are not comprehensive overview of the comprehensive and not for all policies implementation dimension of all policies implementation actions have been of the London Plan. For each identified yet. In some cases broader implementation action, information about overarching policies (such as 1.1, 3.1, responsible delivery bodies, a timescale 4.1, 6.1 and 7.24) are delivered through for delivery and a degree of certainty are other, more specific, policies.
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action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 LONDON'S PLACES The London Context PL.1 Eurocities - cooperation Partnership 2.1 London Europe Office, other Strong with other major cities in Eurocities commitment Europe to promote urban policies PL.2 C40 Leadership Group - Partnership 2.1 GLA, leaders of participating world Strong sharing good practice on cities commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION addressing climate change with other world cities PL.3 European Funding Investment 2.1 GLA, London Councils Current ERDF Dependent on Programmes - promoting funding period until Government
Page and assessing London's 2013; London’s share decision / involvement; possible role for next programming guidance for London as a Managing period 2014-20 to be 79of107 Authority during next allocated in 2013, programming period alongside with the funding priorities PL.4 Review future of Partnership 2.2 GLA and local authorities in East The Mayor has Dependent on Interregional Form (IRF) and South East of England consulted (Autumn discussions with - align approaches within 2012) on options for partners in the
wider South East and constructive cross- East/South East lobby for strategic boundary working in investment the light of the duty to co-operate PL.5 Strategic partnerships - Partnership 2.3, 2.5 Sub-regional partnerships including The Mayor has Dependent on support development of Thames Gateway London consulted (Autumn local Growth Areas and Partnership, North London Strategic 2012) on options for commitment Corridors and cross- Alliance, South London Partnership, constructive cross- boundary working on West London Partnership and boundary working in specific issues (e.g. on bordering counties the light of the duty to delivery mechanisms) co-operate Places in London
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PL.6 Olympics Legacy SPG – Strategy / 2.4 GLA Published July 2012 Strong provide a framework for guidance commitment the development of the legacy area, includes specific chapter on implementation PL.7 Olympics Legacy Action plan / 2.4 Olympic Park Legacy Company Leading to individual Strong Communities Scheme - designations working with GLA, boroughs, applications from late commitment to inform submission of developers 2012 onwards LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION individual planning applications PL.8 Cooperation Partnership 2.6, 2.7, Outer London Commission, 2nd Report – Strong within/beyond Outer 2.8 boroughs, GLA, developers published Autumn commitment but London - to promote 2012 dependent on
Page distinct opportunities and local transport requirements commitment
80of107 PL.9 Cooperation within Inner Partnership 2.9 Boroughs, GLA, developers Dependent on London - to address local deprivation and improve commitment distinct environments PL.10 Central Activities Zone Strategy / 2.10, 2.11, GLA, developers 2013/14 Strong (CAZ) SPG - coordinate guidance 2.12, 4.3 commitment strategic policies across borough boundaries
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PL.11 Opportunity Area Action plan / 2.13, 7.9 GLA, boroughs, TfL, local 2 OAPFs are Dependent on Planning Frameworks designations communities, developers complete (Olympic local (OAPF) and Legacy and Vauxhall commitment Intensification Area Nine Elms Battersea) Planning Frameworks and 7 are underway (IAPF) provide strategic framework for development, co-ordinate
investment decisions of LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION key partners, using amongst other things heritage assets and funds in place shaping. Further detail on their specific implementation Page requirements to be explored further 81of107 PL.12 Regeneration Schemes - Investment 2.14, 2.9 Boroughs, GLA Group, Strategic Dependent on include integrated spatial Partnerships, HCA, developers individual policies and initiatives that circumstances bring together regeneration, development and
transport proposals with improvements in learning and skills, health, safety, employment, environment and housing implemented through locally-based plans and strategies, particularly in inner London PL.13 Compulsory Purchase Action plan / 2.14, 2.15, GLA Group, boroughs Dependent on Orders - in particular to designations 7.26 individual enable for example circumstances regeneration, town centre renewal, wharf re- activation
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 Functional Areas within London PL.14 Town Centre SPG – give Strategy / 2.15, 2.16, GLA, developers 2013 Strong detailed guidance for guidance 4.2, 4.5- commitment policies in relation to town 4.9 centre land uses (retail, leisure, culture, tourism, offices, housing, social infrastructure and mixed LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION use development) Further detail on their specific implementation requirements to be explored further PL.15 London wide town Research / 2.15, 4.6, GLA group, boroughs 2013, update every 4 Strong Page centre health check - assessment 4.7, 4.9 years commitment provide a ‘snapshot’ of the
82of107 health of over 200 of London’s town centres using a selection of strategic health check indicators and illustrate how these have changed over time
PL.16 Borough town centre Research / 2.15, 4.7, Boroughs Strong health checks - aims to assessment 4.9 commitment monitor the vitality and viability of town centres and provides detailed analysis of the town centres within individual boroughs PL.17 Provision of Investment 2.15 Boroughs (and in cooperation with Dependent on Shopmobility schemes - charities, BIDS and Town Centre individual improve access to goods Managers), local shopping centres circumstances and services for older and and retailers, the National disabled Londoners Federation of Shopmobility UK
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PL.18 Business Improvement Action plan / 2.14, 2.15 Boroughs, Design for London, Dependent on Districts (BIDs) - levy designations London and national BIDs Advisory local payment and other services, commitment voluntary contributions to support and encourage town centre management and regeneration PL.19 Identification of Action plan / 2.6, 2.7, Outer London Commission, GLA, Strong Strategic Outer London designations 2.8, 2.16 boroughs, sub-regional partnerships commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION Development Centres (SOLDCs) and guidance - for areas with one or more strategic economic functions of greater than
Page sub-regional importance, also informing Town Centres SPG 83of107 PL.20 The Big Green Fund – Investment 2.18, 5.10 GLA, All London Green Grid Launched Dec 2012, Strong supporting strategic Partnerships ongoing to March commitment greenspace projects 2015 nominated by All London Green Grid Partnerships PL.21 All London Green Grid Strategy / 2.18 GLA, boroughs Published March Strong SPG - to offer London- guidance 2012 commitment wide guidance on Area Frameworks to develop local priority projects PL.22 Area Frameworks - Action plan / 2.18 Boroughs, GLA, Design for London Published Dec 2012 Strong overview of projects in the designations - working with Environment Agency, commitment area such as Wandle TfL, Groundwork London, All Valley Regional Park, London Green Grid Partnerships being developed as part of All London Green Grid
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PL.23 Regional Parks - Investment 2.18 LB Wandsworth, Croydon, Sutton, Ongoing – interim Dependent on addressing deficiencies, Merton, Environment Agency, CEO appointed in resources especially the Wandle Groundwork London, LPGSF, TfL, Nov 2011 Valley Regional Park National Trust, Wandle Forum, South London Partnership PL.24 Green Arc - to create and Action plan / 2.18 GLA, boroughs, Natural England, Dependent on protect recreational designations surrounding county councils, Lee resources landscape of well Valley Regional Park Authority protected and accessible LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION countryside in the urban fringe around London. Links with All London Green Grid project LONDON'S PEOPLE Page Equalities PE.1 Implement Economic Strategy / 4.12 GLA Group and other London Dependent on 84of107 Development Strategy - guidance stakeholders resources support Londoners to enter and sustain employment PE.2 Improve cooperation Partnership 3.2 GLA, NHS London Dependent on between GLA and NHS better
London - to reduce health partnership inequalities and improve working the health of all Londoners. PE.3 Health Impact Research / 3.2 GLA, boroughs, developers Dependent on Assessment (HIA) - for assessment resources and major applications and on local OAPFs and review commitment progress
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PE.4 Implement Health Strategy / 3.2 GLA Strong Inequalities Strategy guidance commitment and its action plan - by setting up plans and actions that contribute to Objective Five: Healthy Places PE.5 Update Best Practice Strategy / 3.2 London Councils, GLA, Hudu 2012 Dependent on Guide on Planning for guidance resources LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION Health in London - to give greater emphasis to health inequalities and to better support and improve planning
Page decisions Housing
85of107 PE.6 Strategic Housing Land Research / 3.3 Boroughs, developers and 2013/14 Strong Availability Assessment assessment landowners commitment PE.7 Local Annual Monitoring Research / 3.3 Boroughs Annually Statutory Reports - updating local assessment requirement housing trajectories PE.8 Housing SPG - guidance Strategy / 3.3, 3.4. GLA Published Nov 2012 Strong
on delivering increased guidance 3.5, 3.7, commitment housing output including 3.8. 3.10, guidance on housing 3.12, 3.13, design, affordability and 3.16 -3.19, social infrastructure 7.4 requirements PE.9 Density Matrix - guidance Strategy / 3.4 Boroughs 2014 Dependent on for boroughs - can be guidance local refined in light of local commitment circumstances regarding transport capacities, local character, infrastructure needs and provision for play and open space
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PE.10 London Housing Design Strategy / 3.5 GLA, HCA 2010 Strong Guide - at the core of the guidance commitment guide are new minimum space standards, also advocates improvements in the development and procurement process so that design remains
valued from vision to LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION delivery PE.11 Shaping Strategy / 3.6 GLA Published Sept 2012 Strong Neighbourhoods - guidance commitment Children and young people's play and
Page recreation SPG - guidance to boroughs on providing for the play and 86of107 recreation needs of children and young people and the use of benchmark standards in the preparation of Play Strategies
PE.12 Play Strategies - Strategy / 3.6 Boroughs Ongoing as part of Dependent on strategies to identify play guidance Local Plans resources space requirements and mechanisms for ensuring access to high quality play spaces and facilities PE.13 Planning Framework - Strategy / 3.7 Developers Strong for sites over 5 hectares guidance commitment or capable of accommodating 500 dwellings PE.14 Update London wide Research / 3.8, 3.12 GLA 2014 Strong Strategic Housing assessment commitment Market Assessment
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PE.15 Sub regional Strategic Research / 3.8, 3.12 Boroughs, sub regional partners, Completed 2011/12 Strong Housing Market assessment GLA commitment Assessments - to identify housing requirements PE.16 Update Best Practice Strategy / 3.8 GLA 2010/11 Dependent on Guide on Wheelchair guidance resources Accessible Housing - for boroughs and developers. Advice to be incorporated LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION into Annex 2.2 of Housing SPG PE.17 Programming of Investment 3.15 Boroughs, GLA, RSLs, HCA Spring 2011 Strong bringing vacant London, CLG, developers commitment properties back into use
Page - part of Mayor's Housing Strategy - investment
87of107 through the Targeted Funding Stream from HCA London to boroughs PE.18 Local Annual Housing Strategy / 3.15 CLG, boroughs, GLA Annually Dependent on Improvement guidance local Programme (HIP) - commitment improvement programme for all local authority homes to the Decent Homes Standard, purpose to inform local housing strategies, allows comparisons across the region and monitor central government developments Affordable housing PE.19 Economic viability Research / 3.12 Boroughs, GLA During local plan Strong assessment of assessment preparation commitment affordable housing - to inform local targets
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PE.20 Update to affordable Strategy / 3.13 GLA, HCA 2013 Strong housing toolkit - to assist guidance commitment in appraising the viability of schemes PE.21 Affordable housing Research / 3.13 Developers On submission of Strong toolkit assessments - assessment applications commitment toolkit is designed to indicate the financial viability of developments LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION in order to act as a starting point to negotiating Section 106 agreements PE.22 HCA London Investment Investment 3.13 HCA London, developers, boroughs 2015/16 Dependent on
Page Programme - for resources affordable housing
88of107 PE.23 Mayor's Housing Strategy / 3.13 GLA 2013 Strong Strategy - includes guidance commitment commitment to delivery affordable homes PE.24 Thresholds in Local Strategy / 3.14 Boroughs, GLA Strong Development guidance commitment Frameworks - for affordable housing Social infrastructure PE.25 Extend proposed Strategy / 3.16, 3.17 GLA, Hudu, boroughs, NLSA 2013 Dependent on guidance Shaping guidance resources Neighbourhoods - Lifetime Neighbourhoods and Neighbourhood Planning SPGs - social infrastructure requirements - especially at the sub-regional and Londonwide level
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PE.26 MPA/MPS Estate Strategy / 3.16 MPA/MPS 2013 Strong Strategy - provide the guidance commitment strategic framework for the management of their estates PE.27 Partnership working for Partnership 3.17 GLA, NHS London, boroughs, Dependent on new health facilities - PCTs, Hudu Government coordination of planning decision / and needs guidance LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION PE.28 London Academic Partnership 3.8, 3.18 GLA, boroughs, London HEIs, 2013 Strong Forum - address a wide developers, entrepreneurs commitment range of issues which bear on London’s economic sector and its
Page relationship with the capital
89of107 PE.29 Londonwide Sports Strategy / 3.2, 3.19 GLA, boroughs, Sport England Dependent on Facilities Strategy - guidance resources building on completed analysis LONDON'S ECONOMY Employment land
EC.1 London Office Policy Research / 4.2 GLA Regularly – latest Strong Review - regular assessment update published commitment monitoring of the London Sept 2012 Office Market EC.2 London Office Review Research / 4.2 GLA Regularly Strong Panel (LORP) - review of assessment commitment office market, trends and prospects with expert panel
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 EC.3 Industrial demand study Research / 2.17, 4.4 GLA, TfL, boroughs, property 2011 Strong - to complement supply assessment agents commitment side study and provide update of industrial land release benchmarks and borough categorisations EC.4 Land for Industry, Strategy / 2.17, 4.4, GLA Published Sept 2012 Strong Employment and guidance 6.2, 7.26, commitment Transport SPG - 5.17, 5.14 LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION guidance on investment and land management for industrial land as well as land for transport and utilities, and revised
Page benchmarks for release to other uses
90of107 Tourism and culture EC.5 Tourism marketing and Partnership 4.5 London & Partners, tourism and Dependent on promotion – London & regeneration partnerships, Tourism resources Partners to work with local for All networks to develop and promote outer London tourism products
EC.6 Green Tourism Scheme Strategy / 4.5 Green Business UK, business Dependent on - certification scheme to guidance operators, Visit London, individual improve tourism circumstances businesses' environmental performance and local supplier networks EC.7 Hotel Demand Study – Research / 4.5 GLA 2013 Strong inform policy and assessment commitment guidance on visitor accommodation related issues
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 EC.8 Accessible Hotels in Research / 4.5 GLA, boroughs, hotel operators and 2011/12 Strong London Study - advice to assessment developers commitment boroughs and developers on the provision of wheelchair accessible hotel bedrooms. Advice to be incorporated into Town Centres SPG as
appendix C. LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION EC.9 Local evidence base for Research / 4.6 Boroughs, developers Dependent on night-time economy - assessment resources understand nature and scale of local night-time activities to improve
Page planning and management
91of107 EC.10 Identify sites for Cultural Action plan / 4.6 Boroughs, GLA, London & Partners, Ongoing through Dependent on Quarters - designate designations cultural agencies, tourism and local plans local places to accommodate regeneration partnerships, Sport commitment new arts, cultural and England leisure activities as the basis for exploring the potential for leisure offers
of wider importance Retail and emerging economic sectors EC.11 Strategic retail needs Research / 4.7 GLA Every 4-5 years Strong assessment - London assessment commitment wide retail needs study to inform strategic retail planning EC.12 Local retail needs Research / 4.7 Boroughs Ongoing through Strong assessment - detailed assessment local plans commitment retail needs study to inform retail planning policies in LDFs and Town Centre Strategies
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 EC.13 London's retail street Research / 4.8 GLA 2010 Strong market study - provides a assessment commitment spatial and economic analysis of London's retail street markets and presents key trends affecting sector EC.14 Explore Green Action plan / 4.10 GLA, boroughs, developers OAPFs are underway Strong Enterprise Districts - designations commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION (London Riverside/Upper Lea) - through Opportunity Area Planning Frameworks LONDON'S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE Page Climate change mitigation CC.1 Delivering London’s Strategy / 5.1, 5.4, GLA, TfL, boroughs, business Published October Strong 92of107 Energy Future: the guidance 5.5, 5.7, sector 2011 commitment Mayor’s climate change 5.8, 5.9, mitigation and energy 5.10, 5.11 strategy - programmes to achieve the Mayor's 60% CO2 reduction target by
2025 CC.2 C-Change project - Partnership 2.1, 5.1 GLA, Groundwork London, Strong Interreg-funded international project partners commitment cooperation with cities in North West Europe to address climate change issues
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.3 Negotiation with Partnership 5.2 to 5.7 Developers, GLA, boroughs, DCLG, All housing zero Strong developers to achieve DECC carbon by 2016 and commitment zero-carbon non-domestic developments – with development by 2019 interim targets to achieve a 25% improvement on the Building Regulations for 2010-2013 and 40%
for 2013-2016 in both new LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION build residential and non- domestic buildings CC.4 Sustainable Design and Strategy / 5.1 to GLA, boroughs 2013 Strong Construction SPG – guidance 5.15, 5.17, commitment guidance setting out 7.14, 7.15
Page improved environmental performance of new buildings 93of107 CC.5 Mayor's retrofit Action plan / 3.15, 5.1, GLA Dependent on programmes – designations 5.4, 5.7 resources RE:CONNECT, RE:FIT and RE:NEW - improve environmental performance of identified
areas, existing public sector buildings, existing homes: RE:CONNECT: 10 low carbon zones, each of which has signed- up to deliver a 20.12% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2012, RE:NEW: 1.2 million homes by 2015, RE:FIT: 40 % of public sector floor space retrofitted by 2025
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.6 Decentralised Energy Strategy / 5.5, 5.6 GLA, boroughs, developers, energy Dependent on Programme Delivery guidance / providers individual Unit - supporting the partnership projects commercialisation of large-scale decentralised energy projects by offering commercial and legal advice and helping to
secure the investment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION needed to deliver large scale projects CC.7 London Hydrogen Action plan / 5.8 GLA Dependent on Partnerships Action designations resources Plan - to facilitate the
Page development of the hydrogen market through support for transport and 94of107 stationary fuel cell applications Climate change adaptation CC.8 Managing risks and Strategy / 5.9 to 5.15 GLA Published October Strong increasing resilience: guidance 2011 commitment the Mayor’s climate
change adaptation strategy – address flooding, drought and overheating CC.9 LUCID project - Research / 5.9 Wide partnership, led by University 2011 Strong modelling interaction assessment College London commitment between London's land cover and urban heat island CC.10 Urban Greening Research / 2.18, 5.10, GLA, Greenspace Information for Dependent on Initiative - includes assessment 5.11, 5.13 Greater London (GIGL), Forestry resources Mayor's initiatives on Commission, DEFRA 10,000 street trees and green roofs
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.11 Regional Flood Risk Strategy / 5.12 GLA, Environment Agency, Next update 2013 Strong Appraisal - maintain up- guidance boroughs commitment to-date with key flood risk issues/areas CC.12 Thames Estuary 2100 Strategy / 5.12 Environment Agency, boroughs, 2010 (Thames Strong and Catchment Flood guidance landowners CFMP), 2012 commitment Management Plans (TE2100) - reviews Implementation - as necessary implement long-term flood LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION risk management policies CC.13 Cooperation with Partnership 5.12 GLA, LFEPA, boroughs Dependent on Emergency Planning - better improve understanding of partnership safety of developments working Page CC.14 Surface Water Research / 5.10, 5.11, Drain London Partners, boroughs, Completion 2012 Strong Management Plan - assessment 5.12, 5.13 GLA, Environment Agency, Thames commitment 95of107 address flooding from Water, TfL, London Councils surface water and borough requirement to produce Preliminary Flood Risk Assessments, Maps of Flood Risk Areas and Flood Hazard Maps.
CC.15 Thames Tideway Sewer Investment 5.14 Thames Water By 2015 (Lee Tunnel) Strong Tunnels - prevent sewer and 2023 (Thames commitment overflow Tunnel) CC.16 Wastewater Treatments Investment 5.14 Thames Water 5 completed by 2014, Strong Works Upgrades - Deephams by 2020 commitment improve capacity and performance
CC.17 River Basin Strategy / 5.14, 7.28 Environment Agency working with 2013/14 (covering Dependent on Management Plan - guidance key sectors on action plan 2015-2022) resources improve water environment
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.18 Water Resource Investment 5.15, 5.3 Water Companies 2013/14 (covering Strong Management Plans - 2015-2040) - review commitment address how to meet every 5 years future potable water demand CC.19 Measures to achieve Research / 5.15, 5.3 London Water Group, GLA, Dependent on and maintain Water assessment Environment Agency resources Neutrality - reduce water demand LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION CC.20 Securing London’s Strategy / 5.12, 5.13, GLA in partnership with key Published October Dependent on Water Future: the guidance 5.14, 5.15 stakeholders 2011 resources Mayor’s Water Strategy - improve water demand supply planning process;
Page reduce water demand/use; tackle water
96of107 poverty; surface water flooding; drainage; and energy from waste water CC.21 Victorian Mains Investment 5.15 Thames Water Dependent on Replacement resources Programme - leakage reduction Waste and minerals CC.22 The London Waste Map - Research / 5.16, 5.17, London Waste and Recycling Board Published Autumn Strong GIS mapping of London's assessment 5.18, 5.19 (LWARB) 2010 commitment existing licensed waste management sites CC.23 Funding London's waste Investment 5.8, 5.16, London Waste and Recycling Board Funding until 2015 Dependent on management 5.17 (LWARB) resources infrastructure - funding for large scale projects to address shortfall in waste treatment capacity
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.24 The Mayor's Municipal Strategy / 5.16, 5.17 GLA, boroughs Published November Statutory Waste Management guidance 2011 requirement Strategy - the Mayor's polices and proposals for the management of London's municipal waste (household and business waste collected by local
authorities) LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION CC.25 The Mayor’s Business Strategy / 5.16, 5.17, GLA, businesses Published November Strong Waste Strategy - for guidance 5.18, 5.19 2011 commitment commercial & industrial and construction, demolition & excavation
Page waste collected by waste operators under private contracts with businesses 97of107 CC.26 Waste Development Strategy / 5.16, 5.17 Boroughs, some jointly via area Statutory Plan Documents - guidance waste authorities requirement policies and sites for waste management at borough level CC.27 Site Waste Management Strategy / 5.18 Developers Statutory Plans - sustainable waste guidance requirement management and disposal at site level CC.28 Licensing of Strategy / 5.16, 5.19 Environment Agency through Statutory commercial/ industrial, guidance regulation requirement municipal, construction, demolition and excavation waste sites CC.29 Hazardous Waste Strategy / 5.19 GLA, Environment Agency Strong Strategy – to identify the guidance commitment need for and gaps in hazardous waste management capacity
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 CC.30 London Aggregates Partnership 5.20 Mayor/GLA, boroughs, aggregates Government funding Dependent on Working Party (LAWP) - industry, developers ceased in April 2011 Government advice to Mayor, boroughs decision / and government on guidance / minerals planning in resources London CC.31 London Brownfield Land Strategy / 5.21 Environment Agency, GLA, Strong Forum – to help guide guidance boroughs, industry commitment London boroughs and depending on LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION industry to strategically resources assess and deliver brownfield land clean up (remediation) CC.32 Hazardous Installations Strategy / 5.22 GLA 2013 Dependent on
Page SPG – guidance on the guidance resources process to follow to
98of107 determine development proposals potentially affected by hazardous installations LONDON'S TRANSPORT Transport capacity and connectivity
TR.1 The Mayor's Transport Strategy / 5.8, 6.1, TfL, GLA Summer 2010 - Statutory Strategy - the transport guidance 6.11 regular review requirement component of the Mayor's strategic policy framework TR.2 Sub-regional Transport Strategy / 6.1, 2.5, TfL, sub-regional partnerships, Regular updates Strong Plans - five year plans, guidance 6.4 boroughs commitment translate MTS into sub- regional priorities TR.2A Local Implementation Strategy / 6.2, 6.9, Boroughs Statutory Plans - delivering the guidance 6.10, 6.11, requirement MTS through borough 6.12, 7.14 initiatives
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 TR.3 Negotiation with Partnership 6.2 Boroughs, developers, TfL Dependent on developers - to safeguard resources land for transport schemes TR.4 Transport Assessments Research / 6.3 Developers, boroughs, TfL Statutory - in line with Best Practice assessment requirement Guidance TR.5 Travel Plans - in line with Action plan / 6.3 Developers, boroughs, TfL Statutory Guidance for Workplace designations requirement LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION and Residential Travel Planning TR.6 Olympic Legacy Action plan / 6.3, 2.4 TfL, GLA, boroughs, Olympic Park Published March Strong Transport Action Plan – designations Legacy Company, developers 2012 commitment to maximise the
Page effectiveness of Olympics transport investments,
99of107 includes behavioural change, effective operational planning as well as provision of new infrastructure Public transport
TR.7 Major public transport Investment 6.4, 2.8 TfL, Government, train operating See Table 6.1 Dependent on schemes - listed in Table companies (TOCs), funding through resources 6.3 of London Plan, DfT, Network Rail and TfL including connectivity of outer London TR.8 Crossrail s106/CIL SPG - Strategy / 6.5, 8.2, Mayor/TfL in consultation with 2013 Strong provides guidance on guidance 8.3 boroughs and developers commitment funding and replaces SPG from 2010 TR.9 Bus/tram schemes - Investment 6.7 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on listed in Table 6.3 London 6.1 - buses ongoing, resources Plan - including bus trams post 2020 network development
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 TR.10 Feasibility study on Research / 6.8 TfL, boroughs, developers Completed in 2012 Strong coach hubs - to reduce assessment commitment travel from/to Victoria Coach Station Cycling and walking TR.11 Cycling Schemes - listed Investment 6.9, 4.5 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on in Table 6.1 of London 6.1 – Superhighways resources
Plan - including expansion until at least 2015 LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION of Cycle Hire scheme and Cycle Superhighways trials TR.12 Walking schemes - Investment 6.10, 4.5 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on listed in Table 6.3 of 6.1 resources London Plan - including Page initiatives such as 'Better Street', '10,000 Street
100of107 Trees' and 'Legible London' Road traffic and parking TR.14 Road schemes - listed in Investment 6.12 TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on Table 6.3 of London Plan. 6.1 resources TR.15 Parking standards - Strategy / 6.13 Boroughs, developers Strong defined number of spaces guidance commitment for land uses TR.16 Public Transport Strategy / 6.13 TfL Strong Accessibility Levels - guidance commitment public transport access mapping facility Freight TR.17 Best Practice Freight Strategy / 6.14, 6.3, TfL, boroughs Published August Dependent on Planning Guidance - guidance 7.26 2007 resources includes Construction Logistics Plans and Delivery & Servicing Plans – in line with MTS and London Freight Plan
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 LONDON'S LIVING PLACES AND SPACES High-quality built environment PS.1 Shaping Strategy / 7.1, 7.3, GLA 2013 Dependent on Neighbourhoods – guidance 7.4, 7.5, resources Understanding Place 7.7 SPG - provides guidance to boroughs, developers
and communities on LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION understanding the character of their areas and how it can inform a strategy for the future PS.2 Shaping Strategy / 7.1, 3.1, GLA 2013 Dependent on
Page Neighbourhoods – guidance 3.2, 3.16- resources Lifetime 3.19 Neighbourhoods and 101of107 Neighbourhood Planning SPG - to provide guidance on the implementation of the LTN principles PS.2 Characterisation Studies Research / 7.1, 7.3, Boroughs, developers 2015 Dependent on
- evidence to underpin assessment 7.4, 7.5, technical amongst others local 7.7 expertise / data neighbourhood strategies and decisions on appropriate balance between security and permeability in different areas PS.3 Local Infrastructure Strategy / 3.1, 7.1 Boroughs, social and physical Dependent on Plans - setting out new guidance infrastructure providers technical infrastructure priorities to expertise / data meet needs of existing and new communities
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.4 Accessible London SPG Strategy / 7.2 GLA, boroughs, developers, Access 2013 Strong - update - provides guidance Forums, deaf and disabled people's commitment guidance to boroughs on organisations (DDPOs) implementing the principles of inclusive design and achieving an inclusive environment. Advice to form part of the
Shaping Neighbourhoods LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION SPG Heritage PS.5 World Heritage Site Action plan / 7.8, 7.10 WHS Steering Groups, GLA, 2013 Dependent on Management Plans - designations relevant boroughs, Historic Royal individual provides guidance to Palaces, English Heritage circumstances Page manage development to ensure the protection of its
102of107 Outstanding Universal Value PS.6 World Heritage Sites - Action plan / 7.8, 7.10 GLA, English Heritage Published March Strong Defining Settings SPG - designations 2012 Commitment Guidance for boroughs and others to help define the settings of WHS to
comply with government guidance PS.7 London View Strategy / 7.8, 7.11 GLA, English Heritage Published March Strong Management Framework guidance 2012 Commitment SPG - provide guidance for the protection and enhancement of strategic views across London
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.8 Conservation Area Action plan / 7.8 Boroughs, English Heritage Ongoing Dependent on Management Plans - designations resources provides guidance for the protections and management of areas of special architectural or historic interest PS.9 Heritage Designations - Strategy / 7.8 Boroughs, English Heritage Ongoing Strong listed buildings, historic guidance commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION parks and gardens, TPOs, memorials, schedule ancient monuments Safety, air and noise pollution PS.10 London Strategic Strategy / 7.13 London Resilience Partnership Strong Page Emergency Plan - Sets guidance commitment out the strategic regional
103of107 response of the agencies that make up the London Resilience Partnership to incidents requiring multi- agency co-ordination on a pan-London basis
PS.11 Control of dust and Strategy / 7.14 GLA, London Councils 2013 Strong emissions during guidance commitment construction SPG - provide guidance on implementation re dust and emissions PS.12 Mayor's Air Quality Strategy / 7.14 GLA 2010 Strong Strategy - provides guidance commitment guidance on air quality neutral development and offsetting mechanism
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.13 Borough Supplementary Strategy / 7.14 Boroughs Dependent on Planning Documents guidance local (SPDs) - to embed air commitment quality issues in planning processes and transport schemes PS.14 Quiet areas and areas of Action plan / 7.15 Boroughs, Government By 2015 Dependent on relative tranquillity - designations local identification and commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION incorporation in local open space strategies and informing local transport programmes Open and natural environment Page PS.15 Policy Designations for Designations 7.16, 7.17 Boroughs Strong Green Belt and commitment
104of107 Metropolitan Open Land (MOL) - implementation through borough local plans PS.16 Mayor's Manifesto for Action plan / 2.18, 6.10, GLA Projects ongoing to Strong Public Space 'London's designations 7.5, 7.18, 2015 commitment
Great Outdoors' - 7.19, 7.21, including practical steps 7.28 towards the provision of 'Better Streets' and 'Better Green and Water Spaces' PS.17 Open Space Strategies - Research / 2.18, 3.6, Boroughs, GLA, London Parks and 2013 Strong audit and needs assessment 7.18 Green Space Forum (LPGSF) commitment assessments to identify open space deficiencies and mechanisms for improving access to high quality open space, including play spaces; links to All London Green Grid area frameworks
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.17 Pocket Parks Investment 2.18, 7.18 Boroughs, GLA, other greenspace Ongoing to March Investment Fund – managers, community groups 2015 supporting creation/improvement of 100 pocket parks through competitive process PS.18 'Sowing the Seeds' Strategy / 3.6, 7.18, London Sustainable Development Strong report' - Support the guidance 7.19 Commission, GLA commitment report's planning LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION related recommendations PS.19 Sites of Importance for Action plan / 7.19 London Wildlife Board, GLA, Strong Nature Conservation - designations boroughs, Natural England commitment identify, review and monitor Biodiversity Action
Page Plan targets PS.20 Habitat Regulation Research / 7.19 GLA, boroughs, Natural England, Statutory
105of107 Assessments - for assessment developers requirement appropriate Opportunity Area Planning Frameworks (OAPFs) and Areas of Intensification (AoIs) PS.21 Foundation SPG – site Action plan / 7.20 London Geodiversity Partnership - SPG: Published designation and evidence, designations led by Natural England, with GLA, March 2012, GAP: Geodiversity Action boroughs, British Geology Society Until 2013 Plan to assist in understanding and protection of designated sites PS.22 Mayor's Trees initiative Investment 5.9, 7.21 GLA, Forestry Commission Ongoing to 2015 Strong – increasing street tree commitment cover PS.23 Regional Forestry Strategy / 7.21 Forestry Commission By 2015 Dependent on Framework - revision to guidance resources reflect recent Mayoral priorities for street trees
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.24 Trees and Woodlands Strategy / 7.21 GLA, Forestry Commission Published July 2012 Dependent on SPG - guidance on guidance resources preparation of Borough Tree strategies PS.25 Implementation of Food Strategy / 7.22 GLA, London Food Board, boroughs Ongoing to 2012 Strong Strategy - revision of guidance commitment implementation plan PS.26 Capital Growth - financial Investment 7.22 GLA, boroughs providing sites for 2,012 new growing Dependent on support and advice voluntary groups spaces by 2012 individual LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION towards food growing circumstances spaces PS.27 Survey of current burial Research / 7.23 GLA March 2011 - every 5 Dependent on space provision - to help assessment years resources protect existing burial
Page spaces and promote new provision
106of107 Blue Ribbon Network PS.28 Implement River Piers Strategy / 7.25 TfL, River Service Concordat Strong Plan - provide additional guidance Group, boroughs, developers, Port commitment piers where required to of London Authority support river passenger transport
PS.29 Investment in cruise Investment 7.25 Developers, boroughs, GLA, Port of 1 planning permission Strong liner requirements - to London Authority granted in 2011 commitment provide improved cruise liner facilities PS.30 Safeguarded Wharves Strategy / 7.26 GLA, TfL, Port of London Authority, Completion of review Strong Review – water freight guidance Canal and Rivers Trust by early 2013, commitment demand forecast and reviews every 5 years current capacity estimate, assessment of all safeguarded sites and recommendation of revised set of safeguarded wharves to Government to initiate required changes to Safeguarding Directions
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 PS.31 Investment in re- Investment 7.26 GLA, TfL, Port of London Authority, 3 by 2015 Dependent on activating wharves - cargo operators, boroughs resources bring currently vacant / unused wharves into operation for river freight PS.32 Enjoying Water project - Research / 7.27 Environment Agency, boroughs Completion in 2011, Dependent on regional study in London assessment annual reviews resources and the South East to explore need and LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION opportunities for water related recreation PS.33 Investment in boatyard Investment 7.27 GLA, Port of London Authority, river Need for at least one Dependent on in London - identify, transport operators additional facility resources promote and potentially
Page develop bespoke boatyard facilities in London to
107of address shortfall PS.34 Maintain London Rivers Action plan / 7.28 Environment Agency, boroughs Dependent on Action Plan - interactive designations resources database of opportunities for restoration projects PS.35 Development/update of Action plan / 7.28, 7.29 Boroughs, existing partnerships Dependent on Thames Strategies - designations (Hampton-Kew, Kew-Chelsea, East) local tools to ensure commitment coordinated action related to the river and inform local policy IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND REVIEW MR.1 London Plan Strategy / 8.1, 8.4 GLA, Implementation Group Published Jan 2013, Strong Implementation Plan guidance updated annually commitment during summer
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers policies to to 2018 going supported 2012 2018 MR.2 Annual Monitoring Research / 3.3, 4.2, Boroughs, GLA, LDD using borough Annually in early Statutory Report (AMR) - includes assessment 8.1, 8.4 returns spring requirement monitoring performance against KPIs, housing targets, office market benchmarking and other issues MR.3 Implement Mayoral CIL Strategy / 8.3, 6.5 Mayor, Transport for London, Review of the Strong in conjunction with London guidance boroughs and other London Mayor's CIL in 2014, commitment LONDON PLANIMPLEMENTATION boroughs - publish stakeholders then every 2 years guidance for boroughs and others on application of the CIL. MR.4 Guidance on the Strategy / 8.2, 8.3 GLA Dependent on
Page preparation of guidance Government frameworks for decision /
108of107 negotiations on guidance planning obligations - reflecting Mayor’s strategic priorities, also intention to develop with the boroughs a voluntary system of pooling
contributions
ANNEX 2 ACRONYM S AN D ABBREVIATIONS LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
ANNEX 2: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AMR Annual Monitoring Report ALGG All London Green Grid BAP Biodiversity Action Plan BID Business Improvement District BPG Best Practice Guidance CAZ Central Activities Zone CBI Confederation of British Industry CCMES Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Strategy (GLA) CDE Construction, Demolition and Excavation [waste] CHP Combined Heat and Power C/I Commercial and Industrial [waste] CIL Community Infrastructure Levy CLG Communities and Local Government CSR Comprehensive Spending Review DDPO Deaf and Disabled Peoples' Organisation DE Decentralised Energy DECC Department for Energy and Climate Change DEPDU Decentralised Energy Programme Delivery Unit DLR Docklands Light Railway DNO Distribution Network Operator DPD Development Plan Document EiP Examination in Public ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESCO Energy Service Company GIGL Greenspace Information for Greater London GOL Government Office for London HCA Housing and Communities Agency HEI Higher Education Institution HIA Health Impact Assessment HIP Housing Improvement Programme HRA Habitats Regulation Assessment HSE Health and Safety Executive HUDU Healthy Urban Development Unit (NHS) IAPF Intensification Area Planning Framework IDP Infrastructure Delivery Plan IRF Inter-regional Forum
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LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
LAWP London Aggregates Working Party LB London Borough LEGGI London Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory LEINS London’s Environmental Infrastructure Needs Study (Environment Agency) LEP Local Enterprise Partnership LFEPA London Fire & Emergency Planning Authority LFB London Fire Brigade LIP Local Implementation Plan LUCID Application to the Intelligent Development of Cities LWARB London Waste and Recycling Board MOL Metropolitan Open Land MPA Metropolitan Police Authority MPS Metropolitan Police Service MSW Municipal Solid Waste MTS Mayor's Transport Strategy NPPF National Planning Policy Framework OAPF Opportunity Area Planning Framework ODA Olympic Delivery Authority OFWAT Water Services Regulation Authority OPLC Olympic Park Legacy Company PADHI Planning Advice for Development Near Hazardous Installations PCT Primary Care Trust PLA Port of London Authority PPS Planning Policy Statement RSL Registered Social Landlords SIL Strategic Industrial Location SOLDC Strategic Outer London Development Centre SPD Supplementary Planning Document (Boroughs) SPG Supplementary Planning Guidance STW Sewage Treatment Works TE2100 Thames Estuary 2100 project TIF Tax Increment Finance TOC Train Operating Company VNEB Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Battersea WHS World Heritage Site WRMP Water Resource Management Plan WRZ Water Resource Zone
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