DOCSLIB.ORG

Sandra Matope

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sandra Matope NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF TOURISM AND HOTEL TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT MASTER’S THESIS THE ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM BUSINESS PROMOTION IN VICTORIA FALLS ZIMBABWE SANDRA MATOPE JANUARY 2018 NICOSIA NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT MASTER’S PROGRAMME MASTER’S THESIS THE ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM BUSINESS PROMOTION IN VICTORIA FALLS ZIMBABWE PREPARED BY: SANDRA MATOPE 20165454 SUPERVISOR: DR. KAREN HOWELLS JANUARY 2018 NICOSIA i NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Marketing Master Programme Thesis Defence THE ROLE OF ECO-TOURISM IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM BUSINESS PROMOTION IN VICTORIA FALLS ZIMBABWE We certify the thesis is satisfactory for the award of degree of Tourism and Hotel Management Prepared by Sandra Matope Date of approval …../……/……. Examining Committee in Charge Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sağsan Near East University Department of International Business Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ertugan Near East University Department of Marketing Dr. Karen Howells Near East University Department of Marketing Approval of the School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sağsan Director ii Date: .. /../ …., Nicosia 20__/20__ Academic Year _____________ Semester DECLARATION Type of Thesis: Master □ PhD □ STUDENT№: ……………………………………………………………………… PROGRAME: ……………………………………………………………………… I ……………………………………..…, hereby declare that this dissertation entitled “……………………………………………………………………………………… ………….....................................................................................................................” has been prepared myself under the guidance and supervision of “……………………………………...……..” in partial fulfilment of The Near East University, Graduate School of Social Sciences regulations and does not to be the best of my knowledge branch and any Law of Copyrights and has been tested for plagiarism and a copy of the result can be found in the Thesis. Signature: iii ABSTRACT This study seeks an in-depth understanding of the role of ecotourism practices in promoting businesses at the same time achieving sustainable tourism. This research paper will use both an exploratory and deductive approach and will follow a positivism philosophy of research. This study will adopt a qualitative approach and a purposive sample will be drawn from managers of companies practising ecotourism in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Data will be collected primarily using telephone interviews and questionnaires and will be analysed using content analysis. Secondary data collection methods will be used that is by use of the country’s tourism master plan from the statutory tourism boards and publications over the past years. Data was analysed through SPSS and various tests were computed to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. The response rate was suitable to validate the results obtained from the study. Pearson correlation, linear regression, one sample thematic Analysis were conducted to determine relationships between ecotourism and promotion of businesses in Victoria Falls. Significant relationships were found between ecotourism and business promotion in Victoria Falls. Companies seem to be adopting ecotourism practices for various reasons which fall under the three dimensions of sustainability which include environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. Keywords: ecotourism, sustainable tourism, sustainable development iv ÖZ Bu çalışma, işletmelerin sürdürülebilir turizme erişmesi için teşvik edilmesinde ekoturizm uygulamalarının rolünün derinlemesine anlaşılmasını istemektedir. Bu araştırma makalesi, hem keşfedici hem de tümdengelimli bir yaklaşım kullanacak ve pozitivizmin araştırma felsefesini takip edecektir. Bu çalışma nitel bir yaklaşımı benimseyerek Zimbabve Victoria Falls'da ekoturizm uygulayan şirketlerin yöneticilerinden yararlanırak bir örnek oluşturacaktır. Veri öncelikle telefon görüşmeleri ve anketler kullanılarak toplanacak ve içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilecektir. Geçmiş yıllardaki yasal turizm kurullarının ve yayınların, ülkenin turizm master planları kullanarak ikinci derecede veri toplama yöntemleri kullanılacaktır. Veriler SPSS ile analiz edildi ve çalışma için formüle edilen hipotezleri test etmek için çeşitli testler yapıldı. Cevap oranı, çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların geçerliliği için uygundu. Victoria Falls'daki ekoturizm ile işletmelerin tanıtımı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon, doğrusal regresyon, bir örnek tematik Analiz yapılmıştır. Victoria Falls'da ekoturizm ve iş promosyonu arasında önemli ilişkiler bulundu. Şirketler çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik gibi sürdürülebilirlik üç boyutuna giren çeşitli nedenlerle ekoturizm uygulamalarını benimsiyor gibi görünüyor. Anahtar kelimeler: ekoturizm, sürdürülebilir turizm, sürdürülebilir kalkınma v DEDICATION To my parents, Prof. and Mrs. Matope; this one is for you mum and dad. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank the department of Tourism and Hotel Management for the opportunity to pursue this research in a supportive and encouraging environment. My experience at Near East University would not have been such a success without the numerous people that make the department what it is. Many thanks go to my supervisor Dr. Karen Howells, for her continued support, feedback and encouragement. This research would not have been possible without her. I would also like to sincerely thank my colleagues for their valued input and participation throughout the research process. To all of my fellow students, many thanks for making my Nicosia experience a special one. Their continued support and encouragement was invaluable, and they more than once provided the necessary distraction from my research problems. Special thanks also goes to my brother Kumbirai for the love and support he gave me during this time. My family and friends have always, and will continue to be a grounding force in my life, and their encouragement during my time here in North Cyprus has been priceless. During the past two years, I have not only learned a great deal but I have grown significantly into a fearless and ambitious woman and to everyone who played a part, thank you. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv ÖZ v DEDICATION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 General overview of Zimbabwe 2 1.3 History of Zimbabwe 2 1.4 Tourism in Zimbabwe 3 1.5 Tourism statistics 4 1.6 Source markets 4 1.7 Victoria falls 5 1.8 Research Problem 7 1.9 Research objective 7 1.10 Importance of the study 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.0 Introduction 9 2.1 Sustainable development and sustainable tourism 9 2.1.1 Sustainable tourism 11 2.1.2 Sustainable business promotion 12 2.2 Ecotourism 12 2.2.1 Concepts and definitions 12 2.2.2 Ecotourism principles 17 2.2.3 Ecotourism marketing 22 2.2.4 Ecotourism in the region 24 2.3 Developing sustainable tourism in the Victoria Falls area 25 2.3.1 Management of the destination 26 2.3.2 Policies, Education and stakeholder involvement 27 2.3.3 Strategic implementation of ecotourism practices 28 viii 2.4 Research model and Hypotheses 29 2.5 Conclusion 30 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31 3.0 Introduction 31 3.1 Research design 31 3.2 Study area 31 3.3 Mixed method approach 32 3.4 Data collection 33 3.4.1 Questionnaire design 33 3.4.2 Semi structured interviews 34 3.5 Pilot study 35 3.6 Sampling 35 3.7 Data analysis 35 3.8 Reliability and validity 36 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 37 4.0 Introduction 37 4.1 Survey data and findings 37 4.2 Analysis by objectives 40 4.3 Analysis on interviews 43 4.4 Hypothesis testing 47 4.5 Summary 50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 51 5.0 Conclusion 51 5.1 Summary of findings and responding to the research questions 51 5.2 Theoretical implications 53 5.3 Practical implications and recommendations 54 5.4 Concluding remarks, limitations and suggestions for further research 55 REFERENCES APPENDIX ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1.5.1: Tourism statistics 4 Table 1.6.1: Source markets 5 Table 2.2.1.1: Summary of key components used to define Ecotourism in the current literature 16 Table 4.3.1: The main principles of ecotourism 44 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1.1: Sustainable development through ecotourism 11 Figure 2.2.2.1: Summary of ecotourism dimensions 21 Figure 2.4.1: Research model and Hypotheses 29 xi ABBREVIATIONS CBT: Community Based Tourism EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment NGO: Non-Governmental Organizations SD: Sustainable Development TIES: The International Ecotourism Society UN: United Nations UNWTO: United Nations World Tourism Organization WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development WTO: World Tourism Organization WTO: World Tourism Organization ZCT: Zimbabwe Council for Tourism ZTA: Zimbabwe Tourism Authority xii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research background The concept of sustainable tourism is derived from the study of sustainable development which was first defined the Brutland report in the 1980s since then the tourism industry has embraced the concept and it has evolved through the years leading to a term called ecotourism. The whole concept is quite complex and it needs breaking down so that it can be understood. In Zimbabwe and in its most popular tourist town Victoria Falls, the issues of sustainability have become a major concern in all sectors that is the private and public
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Spatial Dimension of Socio-Economic Development in Zimbabwe
    THE SPATIAL DIMENSION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE by EVANS CHAZIRENI Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject GEOGRAPHY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: MRS AC HARMSE NOVEMBER 2003 1 Table of Contents List of figures 7 List of tables 8 Acknowledgements 10 Abstract 11 Chapter 1: Introduction, problem statement and method 1.1 Introduction 12 1.2 Statement of the problem 12 1.3 Objectives of the study 13 1.4 Geography and economic development 14 1.4.1 Economic geography 14 1.4.2 Paradigms in Economic Geography 16 1.4.3 Development paradigms 19 1.5 The spatial economy 21 1.5.1 Unequal development in space 22 1.5.2 The core-periphery model 22 1.5.3 Development strategies 23 1.6 Research design and methodology 26 1.6.1 Objectives of the research 26 1.6.2 Research method 27 1.6.3 Study area 27 1.6.4 Time period 30 1.6.5 Data gathering 30 1.6.6 Data analysis 31 1.7 Organisation of the thesis 32 2 Chapter 2: Spatial Economic development: Theory, Policy and practice 2.1 Introduction 34 2.2. Spatial economic development 34 2.3. Models of spatial economic development 36 2.3.1. The core-periphery model 37 2.3.2 Model of development regions 39 2.3.2.1 Core region 41 2.3.2.2 Upward transitional region 41 2.3.2.3 Resource frontier region 42 2.3.2.4 Downward transitional regions 43 2.3.2.5 Special problem region 44 2.3.3 Application of the model of development regions 44 2.3.3.1 Application of the model in Venezuela 44 2.3.3.2 Application of the model in South Africa 46 2.3.3.3 Application of the model in Swaziland 49 2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    ARE PEACE PARKS EFFECTIVE PEACEBUILDING TOOLS? EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF GREAT LIMPOPO TRANSFRONTIER PARK AS A REGIONAL STABILIZING AGENT By Julie E. Darnell Submitted to the Faculty of the School oflntemational Service of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts m Ethics, Peace, and Global Affuirs Chair: ~~~Christos K yrou 1 lw') w Louis Goodman, Dean I tacfi~ \ Date 2008 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UMI Number: 1458244 Copyright 2008 by Darnell, Julie E. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UM I M icroform 1458244 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ©COPYRIGHT by Julie E. Darnell 2008 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ARE PEACE PARKS EFFECTIVE PEACEBUILDING TOOLS? EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE GREAT LIMPOPO TRANSFRONTIER PARK AS A REGIONAL STABILIZING AGENT BY Julie E. Darnell ABSTRACT In recent decades peace parks and transboundary parks in historically unstable regions have become popular solutions to addressing development, conservation and security goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority Commercial Revenue Model Assessment June 2014
    Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority Commercial Revenue Model Assessment June 2014 Prepared by Conservation Capital with and on behalf of the African Wildlife Foundation 1 This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. RLA-A- 00-07-00043-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group (ABCG). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This publication was produced by African Wildlife Foundation on behalf of ABCG. CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 2 2: Current Context 3 3: Optimising Revenue: Key Principles 3 4: The Current and Proposed ZPWMA Approach 9 6: Suggested Way Forward 11 7: Conclusions 15 Annexes 1. INTRODUCTION The African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) was invited by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA) to conduct an assessment of its present commercial revenue model, with the aim of optimising revenue generation in support of Zimbabwe’s conservation estate and to enable ZPWMA to be financially sustainable. AWF has worked with protected area authorities across Africa to help plan, develop, expand and enhance protected areas, improve management of protected areas and to create new protected areas. AWF was requested to help ZPWMA to review their structure; assess operational needs and costs; evaluate revenue; and determine how the authority can revise its structure and/or strategy to maximize revenue to support protected area operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism, Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Communities in Zimbabwe
    Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 13, No.8, 2011) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania TOURISM, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIMBABWE: Shepherd Nyaruwata Leisure and Hospitality Management Department, Faculty of Commerce, University of Zimbabwe ABSTRACT The need to conserve Zimbabwe’s natural resources as a base for its tourism industry has encountered innumerable problems since independence. The majority of the resources are located in rural areas and directly impact rural livelihoods. An evaluation of the programmes implemented by the government on tourism development, biodiversity conservation and rural communities was undertaken. This entailed carrying out desk research on the topic covering developments in Zimbabwe, Southern Africa and selected parts of the world. Field research was undertaken on the following community based tourism enterprises (CBTEs): Gaerezi in Nyanga, Cholo/Mahenye in Chipinge and Ngomakurira in Goromonzi. The paper highlights the challenges that CBTEs face with regard to long term sustainability. Research findings include the need to improve national policies affecting CBTEs, lack of management capacity within the communities and inability to market the products offered. Recommendations aimed at improving the sustainability of CBTEs are provided. Keywords: Tourism; Biodiversity Conservation, Communities, Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) INTRODUCTION Zimbabwe’s tourism is mainly based on its varied natural resources ranging from wildlife, flora, water and outstanding physical features. The sustainability of the country’s biodiversity and hence the long-term sustainability of the tourism industry is dependent on the attitude of rural communities towards these resources. This is mainly due to the fact that most of the resources are located in areas that are adjacent to rural communities or within the rural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • African Pentecostalism, the Bible, and Cultural Resilience. the Case Of
    24 BiAS - Bible in Africa Studies Exploring Religion in Africa 3 Kudzai Biri AFRICAN PENTECOSTALISM, THE BIBLE, AND CULTURAL RESILIENCE The Case of the Zimbabwe Assemblies of God Africa 24 Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien Exploring Religion in Africa 3 Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien Volume 24 edited by Joachim Kügler, Lovemore Togarasei, Masiiwa R. Gunda In cooperation with Ezra Chitando and Nisbert Taringa (†) Exploring Religion in Africa 3 2020 African Pentecostalism, the Bible, and Cultural Resilience The Case of the Zimbabwe Assemblies of God Africa Kudzai Biri 2020 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Under the title African Pentecostalism and Cultural Resilience: The Case of ZAOGA submitted in 2013 to the Department of Religious Studies, Classics and Philosophy of the University of Zimbabwe, Harare, as a thesis for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (PhD). Defended with success in 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ezra Chitando Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über das Forschungsinformationssystem (FIS; https://fis.uni-bamberg.de) der Universität Bamberg erreichbar. Das Werk – ausgenommen Cover und Zitate – steht unter der CC-Lizenz CCBY. Lizenzvertrag: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
    [Show full text]
  • THE IMPACT of ZIMBABWE TOURISM AUTHORITY INITIATIVES on TOURIST ARRIVALS in ZIMBAWE (2008 – 2009) Roseline T. Karambakuwa
    Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 13, No.6, 2011) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania THE IMPACT OF ZIMBABWE TOURISM AUTHORITY INITIATIVES ON TOURIST ARRIVALS IN ZIMBAWE (2008 – 2009) Roseline T. Karambakuwa, Tonald Shonhiwa, Lydia Murombo, Fungai N Mauchi, Norah R.Gopo, Webster Denhere, Felex Tafirei, Anna Chingarande and Victoria Mudavanhu Bindura University of Science Education ABSTRACT Zimbabwe faced a decline in tourist arrivals in 2008 due to political instability, economic recession and negative media publicity. In 2009, a Government of National Unity (GNU) was formed and a multi currency system was introduced. This study analyses the impact of Zimbabwe Tourism Authority initiatives on tourist arrivals for the period 2008 to 2009. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to a sample of six stratified tourism stakeholders, including the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority. Secondary data analysis complimented the questionnaires. The study found out that tourist arrivals declined in Zimbabwe during the period 2008 and ZTA initiatives did not have much impact on tourist arrivals during that period. Initiatives by ZTA had a positive impact on arrival of tourists in Zimbabwe in 2009 after the formation of the Government of National Unity (GNU) and introduction of a multi currency system. Keywords: Tourism, Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, Economy INTRODUCTION Tourism in Zimbabwe Tourism was amongst the fastest growing sectors of the economy in Zimbabwe contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the period 1980 to 2000. The highest growth rate was in 1995 when Zimbabwe hosted the All Africa Games which saw a 35% increase in tourist arrivals. However, the years 2002 to 2008 saw tourist arrivals dwindling in Zimbabwe (Machipisa, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Hum 2020 Magadzike B
    Rewriting post-colonial historical representations: the case of refugees in Zimbabwe’s war of liberation Blessed Magadzike Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Historical Studies University of Cape Town 12 July 2019 Supervisor: Associate Professor S. Field Co-Supervisor: Dr. M. Mulaudzi University of Cape Town i The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town DECLARATION I Blessed Magadzike declare that Rewriting Postcolonial Historical Representations: The case of Refugees in Zimbabwe’s war of Liberation is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university, and that all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references Blessed Magadzike Signed ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my mother, Philippa Magadzike nee Karaaidze and my son Regis Tinomudaishe Magadzike who couldn’t wait to see me to complete this work. I say zororai murugare Vhudzijena nemi Nyati iii ABSTRACT ‘Rewriting postcolonial historical representations: The case of refugees in Zimbabwe’s liberation war’ focuses on the historicisation of the experiences of people who were refugees during Zimbabwe’s liberation war, fought between 1966 and 1980. It uses the narratives of former refugees from Mutasa and Bulilima Districts as a way of capturing their histories of the war period.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 17437-ZIM PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 46.3 MILLION AND A GEF TRUST FUND GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 3.7 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE Public Disclosure Authorized FORA PARK REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION PROJECT APRIL 30, 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Transport Operations Eastern and Southem Africa Africa Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective April 9, 1998) Currency Unit = Zimbabwe Dollar (Z$) Z$1.00 = US$.0619 US$1.00= Z$16.15 FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 (FY98 is transition year: July 1, 1997-December 31, 1998) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAS = Country Assistance Strategy CAMPFIRE = Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources CBA = Cost-Benefit Analysis CIDA = Canadian International Development Agency CITES = Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species COP = Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity DNPWLM = Department of National Parks and Wild Life Management EA = Environmental Analysis ERR = Economic Rate of Return GEF = Global Environment Facility GNP = Gonarezhou National Park GRZ = Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe IC = Incremental Cost ICB = International Competitive Bidding IDA = International Development Association GFC = International Finance Corporation IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature MOF = Ministry of Finance MMET = Ministry of Mines, Environment and Tourism MPCNH = Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • The Enhancement of Sustainable Tourism Education and Training to Primary School Level and Rural Communities in Zimbabwe
    THE ENHANCEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM EDUCATION AND TRAINING TO PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL AND RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIMBABWE BY EDMOND MARUNDA A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (COMMERCE) UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE Faculty of Commerce Department of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality Studies Supervisors: Professor Isaac CHANETA and Dr Taka MUNYANYIWA July, 2014 ABSTRACT The travel industry in Zimbabwe today, is the third largest foreign currency earner after agricultural produce, mainly tobacco exports and mining products. Tourism and hospitality makes an important and significant contribution to Zimbabwe’s economy in terms of employment creation, contribution to the balance of payments support and as a stimulator of capital for investments in both urban and rural areas. Tourism development is, however, grounded on the country’s unique cultural and natural heritage which is made up of sensitive ecosystems, encompassing national parks and wildlife. The increasing investments in tourism may cause adverse long term effects of developments in biodiversity and loss of wildlife. It is therefore, vital that communities living next to tourist attractions be educated so that they practise eco-tourism or sustainable tourism as a matter of priority. The focus of this study is to identify a curriculum for the education of primary school learners in Zimbabwe and for the training of rural communities living within or neighbouring tourism resorts and attractions. Such a curriculum should equip primary school learners and communities with the requisite knowledge to preserve and protect their environment effectively. Introducing tourism and hospitality education at primary school and community level enhances the implementation of eco- and cultural tourism to the maximum economic benefits of school learners and rural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Victoria Falls Hotel: “An out of Africa Experience”?
    THE VICTORIA FALLS HOTEL: “AN OUT OF AFRICA EXPERIENCE”? BY NYASHA MELISAJANE ESTON A dissertattion submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Heritage and Cultural Tourism In the department of Historical and Heritage Studies UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: Prof K.L. Harris December 2018 Table of contents Abbreviations ii List of Tables & Figures iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements v 1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Background 1 The Victoria Falls Hotel 4 Methodology 7 2. Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 Rhodesian / Zimbabwean history 10 General histories of tourism 15 Publications on VFH 25 3. Chapter 3: Rhodesia/ Zimbabwe Historical and Tourism Overview 30 The Pre-colonial History 33 Rhodesia: Colonial History 39 UDI 45 Zimbabwe: Post-colonial 46 4. Chapter 4: Hotels of Hotels as Tourist Destinations 48 Hotel History 48 History of the VFH 56 5. Chapter 5: Victoria Falls Hotel as an Iconic Colonial Hotel 72 i Introduction 72 The VFH and Colonialism 73 The VHF and Tourism 80 The Butler model of tourism development 85 The VFH in iconic comparison 88 6. Chapter 6: Conclusion 95 Conservation of colonial heritage 99 Iconic, colonial hotels: similarities 101 The future and VFH 103 7. Sources 105 ii Abbreviations BSAC British South Africa Company LMS London Missionary Society LEDC Less Economically Developed Country UDI Unilateral Declaration of Independence UK United Kingdom USD United States of America dollar USD VF Victoria Falls VFH Victoria Falls Hotel ZANU-PF Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front iii Tables and Figures and Diagrams Diagram 1 9 iv Abstract The purpose of this research is to give a historical overview of the Victoria Falls Hotel within the context of tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe Summary 2020 Pbd 4
    Zimbabwe - Threat Assessment - 2020 Page 1 of 10 of 6.67/1000 estimated as living in modern Zimbabwe � slavery. Zimbabwe has a rating of "C" response. 1. Executive Summary Sanctions & Terrorism: No Comprehensive Grey Lists: Zimbabwe is not listed by the US as Sanctions against the country, though some a Country of Primary Concern in respect of ML former senior leaders are still designated. For & FC, but is listed by FATF, and the EU on their Proliferation - Tier 3 PPI (Proliferation) Index, “Grey” lists. reflects the lowest threat level, but a low score of 254/1,300 for controls. Terrorism ratings NRA: Zimbabwe published its first National from GTI 2019 give Zimbabwe a “Low” impact Risk Assessment (NRA) in June 2015. Overall (Score 2.834/10). ML risk was “High” and national vulnerability "Medium”. The 5 highest proceeds generating Response & Resilience, FATF & OC Index: predicate offences are (i) smuggling (ii) illegal Zimbabwe was evaluated against FATF dealings in gold and precious metals (iii) standards and a report published in 2016. A corruption (iv) fraud and (v) tax evasion. follow up report published in 2019 showed a significant improvement. Zimbabwe scored Corruption: TI CPI - 2019 - ranked 158/180 3.33/10 for resilience (response), ranked 32/54 countries, with a score of 24/100 in 2019. Africa, and 9/13 for Southern Africa in the OC Some improvement from 2018, ranked Index. 160/180 with a score of 22/100. The 2019 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix - "High" risk score of Indices: Freedom House 2019 Freedom in the 72, ranked 180/200.
    [Show full text]
  • House of Lords Official Report
    Vol. 725 Thursday No. 123 10 March 2011 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) HOUSE OF LORDS OFFICIAL REPORT ORDER OF BUSINESS Introduction: Lord Blencathra Questions Autism: Disability Living Allowance Prostitution Anti-Semitism Libya: Bribes Tax Credits Up-rating Regulations 2011 Guardian’s Allowance Up-rating Order 2011 Guardian’s Allowance Up-rating (Northern Ireland) Order 2011 Access to Justice Act 1999 (Destination of Appeals) (Family Proceedings) Order 2011 Family Procedure (Modification of Enactments) Order 2011 Data Protection (Subject Access Modification) (Social Work) (Amendment) Order 2011 Code of Recommended Practice on Local Authority Publicity Referred to Grand Committee Fixed-term Parliaments Bill Order of Consideration Motion House of Lords: Use of Electronic Devices (AWC Report) Motion to Agree British Overseas Territories Debate Zimbabwe Debate Visas: Points-based System Question for Short Debate Written Statements Written Answers For column numbers see back page £3·50 Lords wishing to be supplied with these Daily Reports should give notice to this effect to the Printed Paper Office. The bound volumes also will be sent to those Peers who similarly notify their wish to receive them. No proofs of Daily Reports are provided. Corrections for the bound volume which Lords wish to suggest to the report of their speeches should be clearly indicated in a copy of the Daily Report, which, with the column numbers concerned shown on the front cover, should be sent to the Editor of Debates, House of Lords, within 14 days of the date of the Daily Report. This issue of the Official Report is also available on the Internet at www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/index/110310.html PRICES AND SUBSCRIPTION RATES DAILY PARTS Single copies: Commons, £5; Lords £3·50 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £865; Lords £525 WEEKLY HANSARD Single copies: Commons, £12; Lords £6 Annual subscriptions: Commons, £440; Lords £255 Index: Annual subscriptions: Commons, £125; Lords, £65.
    [Show full text]