JAPAN'S LEADERSHIP IN THE LIBERAL INTERNATIONAL ORDER

Centre for Japanese Research Workshop January 24 - 25, 2020

CK Choi Building, room 120 1855 West Mall, UBC

Japan's Leadership in the Liberal International Order

An international workshop organized by the Centre for Japanese Research at the Institute of Asian Research

We would like to acknowledge that the University of British Columbia (Point Grey Campus) is located on the traditional, ancestral, and unceded territory of the xwməθkwəy̓ əm (Musqueam) People. Organizers

The Centre for Japanese Research (CJR) is one of the five regional centres under the Institute of Asian Research. CJR promotes research topics related to Japan and its relationship to the world. CJR presents lectures, seminars, workshops, and symposia on topics related to Japan. htps://cjr.iar.ubc.ca/

The Institute of Asian Research (IAR) has been the premier -focused research institute and think tank in Canada since 1978. IAR is the focal point for Asia policy and current affairs at the University of British Columbia. IAR hosts five regional centres Introduction

Since 2016, Japan has shown remarkable leadership on several dimensions of global and regional economic governance, including trade governance (CPTPP, EU-Japan FTA, RCEP, Japan-US trade agreement, WTO reforms), economic and data governance (Osaka G20 in 2019, including Osaka track on data with trust, quality infrastructure, global finance), regional rules-based order (Free and Open Indo Pacific, stabilized relations with , strategic engagement with and ASEAN), and environmental governance (oceans, climate).

Key Research Questions: How significant is this new phase of Japanese international leadership in historical perspective? What factors are driving this new global leadership? Where has Japan's leadership been limited, and what are the constraints? What implications and potential for Japan-Canada relations?

Focal Themes: Strategic repositioning of Japan in the international system at a time of disruption. CPTPP Other Trade diplomacy: EU-Japan, RCEP, etc. G20 themes: global financial governance (FSB, IMF, WB), data with trust and AI, quality infrastructure, etc.. Global environmental governance: climate, oceans, biodiversity, IWC Free and Open Indo Pacific (FOIP)

Conference Host and Organizer: Yves Tiberghien, Co-Director of the Centre for Japanese Research [email protected] Schedule of Events

Fri day, January 2 4, 2020 10:30-10:50 Opening Ceremony at UBC 10:50 - 12:30 Panel 1: The Strategic Picture - Explaining the Burst in Japanese Leadership in Support of the Rules-Based Order 14:00 - 15:45 Panel 2: Global Trade Governance: CPTPP, EU- Japan FTA, and RCEP 16:15 - 17:45 Panel 3: International Organizations and Global Economic Governance

Sa turday, Januar y 25, 2020 09:15 - 11:00 Panel 4: Free and Open Indo-Pacific (1): Economic Pillars 11:15 - 12:15 Keynote Lecture: "Time to reconsider or go ahead?: Corporate Governance Reforms in Japan under Abenomics" presented by Professor Miyajima Hideaki (Vice President, Waseda University) 13:30 - 15:00 Panel 5: Free and Open Indo-Pacific (2): Security of the Commons 15:00 - 16:00 Concluding remarks and future publication plans

Opening Remarks

Friday, January 24 | 10:30 - 10:50 Opening Ceremony at UBC Introduction given by Centre for Japanese Research Co-Director, Professor Yves Tiberghien

Welcoming remarks on behalf on the University of British Columbia given by Vice Provost International, Professor Murali Chandrashekaran

Welcoming remarks on behalf of the Institute of Asian Research given by Director, Professor Timothy Cheek.

Keynote remarks given by His Excellency Ambassador Kawamura Yasuhisa.

Panel 1: The Strategic Picture - Explaning the Burse in Japanese Leadership in Support of the Rules-Based International Order

Friday, January 24 | 10:50 - 12:30 Chair: Honorary Professor Joseph Caron (former Ambassador to Japan)

Presenters: T.J. Pempel, University of California Berkeley: “Japan caught in the Economic-Security Dilemma” Harukata Takenaka, GRIPS: "New Normal!!: Proactive Japan and Transformed Domestic Politics” Joseph Caron, Honorary Professor at UBC and Former Ambassador of Canada to Japan: “Will there be a bilateral Canada-Japan foreign and security policy agenda for the new decade?”

Discussant: Mireya Solis, Brookings Institution Panel 2: Global Trade Governance: CPTPP, EU-Japan FTA, and RCEP

Friday, January 24 | 14:00 - 15:45 Chair: Don Campbell, Former Ambassador to Japan, former Deputy Minister (Canada)

Presenters: Vinod Aggarwal, University of California, Berkeley: “Toward a Bipolar Economic Order? US Trade Strategy in the 21st Century” Mireya Solis, Brookings Institution: “Rescuing trade multilateralism: Japan’s mission impossible?” Grace Jaramillo, APFC: “CPTPP in the midst the of US-China Trade War. How Japan has performed so far and what has been the consequences for its leading Global Value Chains across the Pacific Rim.” Yves Tiberghien, UBC Political Scince and CJR/IAR/SPPGA: “Rules and Order as National Interest: Explaining Japan’s Leadership in the CPTPP, EU-Japan FTA, and RCEP” Hiroki Takeuchi, Southern Methodist University: "Is the Liberal International Order Dead? Global Value Chains and CPTPP"

Discussant: Leslie Armijo, Simon Fraser University

Panel 3: International Organizations and Global Economic Governance

Friday, January 24 | 16:15 - 17:45 Chair: Saori Katada, University of Southern California

Presenters: Phillip Lipscy, Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto: "Japan and International Organizations in the Liberal International Order" Alan Alexandroff, Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto: "Old and the New: Can Japan lead the way to a new Liberal Order?" Masahiro Kawai, University of ; Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia; and Former ADBI Dean, "Global Economic Governance: A Japanese Perspective"

Discussant: Vinod Aggarwal, University of California, Berkeley

Panel 4: Free and Open Indo-Pacific (1): Economic Pillars (infrastructure, trade, energy, and digital connectivity issues)

Saturday, January 25 | 09:15 - 11:00 Chair: Grace Jaramillo, APFC

Presenters: Masahiro Kawai, University of Tokyo; Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia: “FOIP and BRI: Is convergence possible?” Saori Katada, University of Southern California: “Partnership for Quality Infrastructure; developmental atavism or new liberal order?” Jeff Kucharski, Royal Roads University: “Japan, FOIP and the geopolitics of energy in the Indo-Pacific”

Discussant: Alan Alexandroff, Munk School, UofT

Keynote Lecture

Saturday, January 25 | 11:15 - 12:15

Keynote lecture presented by Professor Hideaki Miyajima. Prof. Miyajima is the Executive Vice President for Financial Affairs at Waseda University. He is also a professor of Japanese Economy at Waseda's Graduate School of Commerce.

Topic: "Time to reconsider or go ahead?: Corporate governance reforms in Japan under Abenomics." Panel 5: Free and Open Indo-Pacific (2) - Security of the Commons

Saturday, January 25 | 13:30 - 15:00 Chair: Jeff Reeves, Vice President, APFC

Presenters: Kristi Govella, University of Hawaii at Manoa: "Coping with Competition in the Global Commons: Japan in the Outer Space, Cyberspace, and Maritime Domains." Sayuri Romei, Public Policy Fellow, Wilson Center, “Japan’s global leadership and alignment with the United States and Europe.” David Welch, University of Waterloo, "Engaging China's hot-button maritime and territorial disputes"

Discussant: Paul Evans, SPPGA Professor, UBC

Contributors

Alan S. Alexandroff is the Director of the Global Summitry Project at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto as well as the Editor of Global Summitry. The Journal includes several podcast series including the ‘Now’, ‘Summit Dialogue’ and ‘Shaking the Global Order’ series. Dr. Alexandroff has long manned the blog post Rising BRICSAM. Dr. Alexandroff focuses his research work on the contemporary global governance architecture. His most recent article is: ‘Liberal Theory, liberal context and the G20’ a chapter in the edited volume by Steven Slaughter, The G20 and International Relations Theory. Edward Elgar. 2019.

Vinod “Vinnie” Aggarwal is Travers Family Senior Faculty Fellow and Professor in the Department of Political Science, Affiliated Professor at the Haas School of Business, and Director of the Berkeley Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Study Center (BASC) at the University of California at Berkeley. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Business and Politics. He has held fellowships from the Brookings Institution, Rockefeller Foundation, Council on Foreign Relations, East-West Center, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and the Japan Foundation as an Abe Fellow. Dr. Aggarwal has authored or edited 21 books; his latest is Responding to the Rise of China. He has also published over 130 articles and book chapters. His current research examines comparative regionalism, industrial policy in high technology, disaster management, and the political economy of great power competition. Professor Aggarwal received his B.A. from the University of Michigan and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Stanford University. Leslie Elliott Armijo is an Associate Professor, School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, and an expert on large emerging powers, especially in Latin America and South Asia. Recent publications include “The Political Economy of Development Finance in Latin America” (Oxford Research Encyclopedias, 2020); “The Monetary and Financial Powers of States: Theory, Dataset, and Observations on the Trajectory of American Dominance” (New Political Economy, 2019); The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft (Oxford 2018);

Donald Campbell is Senior Strategy Advisor to the global law firm DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Co-Chair of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) and Chair of the Canadian Committee of PECC, and a Distinguished Fellow of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. He served as Canada’s Ambassador to Japan (1993-1997). He was subsequently Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Prime Minister's Personal Representative for G8 Summits (1997-2000), and Deputy Minister of International Trade (1989-1993); previously he had been Assistant Deputy Minister (United States) (1985-1989); and Canada's Ambassador to South (1984-1985). Mr. Campbell entered the private sector as Group President of CAE, a Canadian high technology company, from 2000-2007. In 2003, he was asked by the Prime Minister to be the Canadian chair of the Canada-Japan Forum. Joseph Caron is a Distinguished Fellow of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and a Professor and Honorary Research Associate at the Institute of Asian Research of the University of British Columbia. He is a former Canadian High Commissioner to India and former Canadian Ambassador to China and Japan. He has also previously been responsible for coordinating Canada’s activities at major international summits, such as the G8. He serves on the Board of Directors of Manulife Financial Corporation, Vancouver International Airport, and Westport Innovations.

Paul Evans is a professor in the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs at the University of British Columbia. Formerly headed research centres in Toronto and at UBC and the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. He is currently a Canadian representative on the ASEAN Regional Forum’s Experts and Eminent Persons group. Currently ona. He is currently on sabbatical leave based at Harvard University and the National University of Singapore, he is writing a second instalment of his biography of John Fairbank and working on techno-nationalism in the US-China competition. Kristi Govella is an Assistant Professor in the School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, an Adjunct Fellow at the East-West Center, and an Adjunct Fellow at Pacific Forum. She specializes in international relations and comparative politics in Asia, with a particular focus on the intersection of regional economic and security policy. She is currently working on a number of projects related to economics-security linkages, regional institutional architecture, trade agreements, multinational firms, Japanese politics, and the global commons. Her publications include Linking Trade and Security: Evolving Institutions and Strategies in Asia, Europe, and the United States (2013). Prior to joining the University of Hawaii, Dr. Govella was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University and an Associate Professor at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. She has also been a visiting research fellow at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University. She holds a Ph.D. and M.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley and a B.A. in Political Science and Japanese from the University of Washington.

Grace Jaramillo is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UBC, Department of Political Science, and pro-tempore program manager of Trade, Investment and Innovation at the Asia Pacific Foundation. After earning her PhD from Queen’s University, she won a SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellowship to study institutional spillovers of Free Trade Agreements in the Americas spending the first year at the Balsillie School of International Affairs at University of Waterloo, and then moving to Vancouver to complete her research studying the CPTPP negotiations. Her doctoral dissertation versed around the political economy of industrial policy, studying the institutional transition from traditional industrial policy to horizontal ones centered around cluster development and global value-chains. Saori Katada is a Professor and the Chair of Political Science and International Relations Department at University of Southern California. She is a co-author of two recent books: The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft (Oxford University Press, 2017), and Taming Japan’s Deflation: The Debate over Unconventional Monetary Policy (Cornell University Press, 2018). Her new book Japan’s New Regional Reality: Geoeconomic Strategy in the Asia-Pacific is forthcoming from the Columbia University Press in spring 2020. Her single-authored book Banking on Stability: Japan and the Cross-Pacific Dynamics of International Financial Crisis Management (University of Michigan Press, 2001) received Masayoshi Ohira Memorial Book Award. Her Ph.D. is from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Political Science) in 1994, and her B.A. from Hitotsubashi University (Tokyo).

Phillip Y. Lipscy is associate professor of political science at the University of Toronto. He is also Chair in Japanese Politics and Global Affairs and the Director of the Centre for the Study of Global Japan at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy. His research addresses substantive topics such as international cooperation, international organizations, the politics of energy and climate change, international relations of East Asia, and the politics of financial crises. He has also published extensively on Japanese politics and foreign policy. Lipscy’s book from Cambridge University Press, Renegotiating the World Order: Institutional Change in International Relations, examines how countries seek greater international influence by reforming or creating international organizations. Lipscy obtained his Ph.D. in political science at Harvard University. He received his M.A. in international policy studies and B.A. in economics and political science at Stanford University.

Hideaki Miyajima is Executive Vice President for Financial Affairs, Professor of Japanese Economy, Graduate School of Commerce, Waseda University and Adviser, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS). He is teaching Japanese Economy, and Corporate Governance in Japan. He finished his Ph.D course work at University of Tokyo in Economics, got a position as Research Associate in University of Tokyo Institute of Social Sciences, and then moved to Waseda University. He stayed at Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University as a visiting scholar for 1992-94 and 2004-05. He was asked to consult by several institutions such as the World Bank, Hawaii University, Hebrew University, and Korean Development Institute.

Masahiro Kawai is Professor Emeritus and Specially Appointed Professor at Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo. He holds a BA in Economics from the University of Tokyo, MSc in Statistics, and PhD in Economics from Stanford University. Dr. Kawai began his career as a Research Fellow at Brookings Stitution and then taught economics at John Hopkins University and the University of Tokyo. Dr. Kawai's recent publications focus on Asian economic integration. He has published a number of books and more than 180 academic articles on open-economy macroeconomic issues, regional econokmic integration and cooperation and the international economic system. Jeff Kucharski teaches courses in international business and Asia-Pacific Management and Strategy at Royal Roads University. Before retiring from the public service in 2012, he was an Assistant Deputy Minister in the Alberta Department of Energy but spent almost half his working career in Japan in various roles including with the Seibu Group, Government of Alberta and the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Prof. Kucharski is both a practitioner and an academic who aims to bring lived experience to his research and teaching. His academic research interests include international trade, energy policy, energy trade, and the geopolitics of the international energy business.

TJ Pempel is a Jack M. Forcey Professor of Political Science in U.C. Berkeley's Department of Political Science which he joined in July 2001. Professor Pempel's research and teaching focus on comparative politics, political economy, contemporary Japan, and Asian regional ties. His latest publications include Two Crises; Different Outcomes (Cornell University Press, 2015); “Alliances and the Future Asia-Pacific Order”, Global Asia (2016), and, with Yul Sohn, Japan and Asia’s Contested Order (Palgrave, 2019). He is completing a book involving Asian adjustments to the rise in global finance and the decline in security bipolarity Jeff Reeves is the Vice-President of Research for the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. Prior to joining APFC, he was the Director of ASian studies at the United States Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Dr. Reeves has over 15 years direct experience living and working in Asia, including as an Associate Professor with the Daniel K. Inouye Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies in the United States, as a Research Fellow with Griffith University in Australia, and as a University Instructor at Peking University in the People’s Republic of China. Dr. Reeves has worked with the United Nations Development Program and World Wildlife Foundation in Beijing and as a Research Assistant with the London School of Economics and Political Science's (LSE) Asia Research Centre in London. Dr. Reeves served in the United States Peace Corps from 2001 to 2003 in Khovd, . Dr. Reeves received his PhD from the LSE and his master’s degree in Chinese Studies from the University of Edinburgh.

Sayuri Romei is a Public Policy Fellow at the Wilson Center in Washington, DC, where she researches Japan's nuclear policy. Prior to that, she was the Fellow for Security and Foreign Affairs at Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA for two years, and a MacArthur Nuclear Security Pre-doctoral Fellow at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). Her doctoral work focuses on Japan’s nuclear hedging posture and examines how the country started and maintained such stance throughout the postwar era. a BA in International Relations from the University of Roma La Sapienza, an MA in International Relations from Roma Tre University, and a PhD in Political Science from Roma Tre University. Mireya Solís is the Director of the Centre for East Asian Policy Studies (CEAP), Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. Prior to her arrival at Brookings, Dr. Solís was a tenured associate professor at American University's School of International Service. Dr. Solís is an expert on Japanese foreign policy, US-Japan relations, international trade policy, and Asia-Pacific economic integration. Dr. Solís earned a doctorate in government and a master's in East Asian studies from Harvard University and a bachelor's in international relations from El Colegio de México.

Harukata Takenaka Is a professor at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) in Tokyo. He holds a PhD from Stanford University and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Tokyo. His key research areas are democratization in Pre-war Japan and analysis of macroeconomic policy in Japan since the late 1980s from a political perspective. He previously worked for the Minister of Finance in Japan in the International Finance Bureau from April 1993 to June 1995. Prof. Takenaka’s recent publications include: Futatsu no Seiken Kotai [Two Changes of Government] (Tokyo: Keiso Shobo, 2017); “Expansion of the Japanese prime minister’s power in the Japanese parliamentary system: Transformation of Japanese politics and the institutional reforms” (Asian Survey, September 2019). Hiroki Takeuchi is Associate Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Sun & Star Program on Japan and East Asia in the Tower Center, at Southern Methodist University (SMU). He received his B.A. of Economics from Keio University in Japan, his M.A. of Asian Studies from University of California at Berkeley, and his Ph.D. of Political Science from University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Previously, he taught at UCLA as a faculty fellow of the Political Science Department and at Stanford University as a postdoctoral teaching fellow of the Public Policy Program. Professor Takeuchi's research and teaching interests include Chinese and Japanese politics, comparative political economy of authoritarian regimes, and international relations of East Asia, as well as applying game theory to political science. He is the author of Tax Reform in Rural China: Revenue, Resistance, and Authoritarian Rule (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

Yves Tiberghien (Ph.D. Stanford University, 2002 and Harvard Academy Scholar 2006) is a Professor of Political Science, Faculty Associate in the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, Director Emeritus of the Institute of Asian Research, Co-Director of the Center for Japanese Research, and Executive Director of the China Council at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Yves is currently a visiting professor at Tokyo University and at Sciences Po Paris. Yves is also a Distinguished Fellow at the Asia-Pacific Foundation of Canada. He serves as the International Steering Committee Member representing Canada at Pacific Trade and Development Conference (PAFTAD). In November 2017, he was made a Chevalier de l’ordre national du mérite by the French President. Yves' research specializes in East Asian comparative political economy, international political economy, and (continued) global economic and environmental governance, with an empirical focus on Japan, as well as China and Korea. His published books include Entrepreneurial States: Reforming Corporate Governance in France, Japan, and Korea. 2007. Cornell University Press in the Political Economy Series directed by Peter Katzenstein and Leadership in Global Institution-Building: Minerva’s Rule, edited volume, Palgrave McMillan, 2013. He is currently working on articles related to Japan’s role in the Liberal International Order and a book, titled Up for Grabs: Disruption, Competition and the Remaking of the Global Economic Order.

David A. Welch is University Research Chair and Professor of Political Science at the University of Waterloo, and teaches at the Balsillie School of International Affairs. His 2005 book Painful Choices: A Theory of Foreign Policy Change (Princeton University Press) is the inaugural winner of the International Studies Association ISSS Book Award for the best book published in 2005 or 2006, and his 1993 book Justice and the Genesis of War (Cambridge University Press) is the winner of the 1994 Edgar S. Furniss Award for an Outstanding Contribution to National Security Studies. He is co-author of Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation, 10th ed. (Pearson Longman), with Joseph S. Nye, Jr. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1990.