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The Origin and Early Evolution of Plants on Land
review article The origin and early evolution of plants on land Paul Kenrick & Peter R. Crane . The origin and early evolution of land plants in the mid-Palaeozoic era, between about 480 and 360 million years ago, was an important event in the history of life, with far-reaching consequences for the evolution of terrestrial organisms and global environments. A recent surge of interest, catalysed by palaeobotanical discoveries and advances in the systematics of living plants, provides a revised perspective on the evolution of early land plants and suggests new directions for future research. The origin and early diversification of land plants marks an interval Eoembryophytic (mid-Ordovician [early Llanvirn: ϳ476 Myr] to of unparalleled innovation in the history of plant life. From a simple Early Silurian [late Llandovery: ϳ432 Myr])3. Spore tetrads (com- plant body consisting of only a few cells, land plants (liverworts, prising four membrane-bound spores; Fig. 2d) appear over a broad hornworts, mosses and vascular plants) evolved an elaborate two- geographic area in the mid-Ordovician and provide the first good phase life cycle and an extraordinary array of complex organs and evidence of land plants3,26,29. The combination of a decay-resistant tissue systems. Specialized sexual organs (gametangia), stems with wall (implying the presence of sporopollenin) and tetrahedral an intricate fluid transport mechanism (vascular tissue), structural configuration (implying haploid meiotic products) is diagnostic tissues (such as wood), epidermal structures for respiratory gas of land plants. The precise relationships of the spore producers exchange (stomates), leaves and roots of various kinds, diverse within land plants are controversial, but evidence of tetrads and spore-bearing organs (sporangia), seeds and the tree habit had all other spore types (such as dyads) in Late Silurian and Devonian evolved by the end of the Devonian period. -
AASP – the Palynological Society Promoting the Scientific Understanding of Palynology Since 1967
AASP – The Palynological Society Promoting the Scientific Understanding of Palynology since 1967 December 2018 NEWSLETTER Volume 51, Number 4 Published Quarterly AASP – TPS NEWSLETTER Published Quarterly by AASP – The Palynological Society December 2018, Volume 51, Number 4 CONTENTS Page 3 | List of AASP-TPS awardees Page 4 | Board of Directors and upcoming deadlines Page 5 | A Message from our President Page 6 | Managing Editor’s Report Page 8 | Candidates to the Board of Directors 2019 Page 12 | Overview of AASP-TPS Awards and Research Grants Page 15 | In Memoriam... Page 18 | News from... Page 20 | Book Reviews Page 21 | Meetings Report Page 28 | Call to Serve - Newsletter open positions Page 29 | AASP Foundation Century Club Page 30 | Upcoming AASP-TPS Meetings Page 31 | 52nd AASP-TPS Annual Meeting - Second Circular Page 33 | Other Meetings and Workshops of Interest AASP The Palynological Society The American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Inc. - AASP - The Palynological Society - was established in 1967 by a group of 31 founding members to promote the science of palynology. Today AASP has a world-wide membership of about 800 and is run by an executive comprising an elected Board of Directors and subsidiary boards and committees. AASP welcomes new members. The AASP Foundation publishes the journal Palynology (quarterly), the AASP Newsletter (quarterly), and the AASP Contributions Series (mostly monographs, issued irregularly), as well as several books and miscellaneous items. AASP organises an Annual Meeting which usually includes a field trip, a business luncheon, social events, and technical sessions where research results are presented on all aspects of palynology. AASP Scientific Medal recipients AASP Board of Directors Award recipient Professor William R. -
Palynology and Its Relation to the Exploration for Oil
The Mountain Geologist v.1, 1964 PALYNOLOGY AND ITS RELATION TO THE EXPLORATION FOR OIL (R. M. A. C. Evening Meeting, February 3, 1964) AUREAL T. CROSS: Michigan State University ABSTRACT: Palynology is one of the branches of paleontology, and more particularly, paleobotany. It deals with the study of pollen, spores, and dissociated degradation detritus of higher plants; spores, fruiting structures and other fragments of algae and fungi; and often includes some entities of similar size belonging to the protozoans or to groups of uncertain affinity. The principal common factor in these. diverse organisms is their small size which requires study under magnifications of from 50 to 1500 diameters. In a restricted sense we consider palynology to be the study of spores, pollen, algae and similar-sized entities and their significance in life, time, space and energy. Pollen and spores were long recognized in sediments and rocks before clear application and significance of their presence was studied. The first major studies in various fields of geological sciences are: a. Pleistocene and Post-pleistocene studies -- analysis of peats, bogs, marshes, etc. for determination of glacial history and history of recent vegetation. Principally introduced by von Post in Northern Europe; later widely developed in U. S. b. Identification and correlation of coal seams and coal-bearing rocks. Firet introduced in Germany 1928-31 and almost immediately in U.S. Widely expanded in U. S. during 1930- 1945. c. Application to various problems in exploration for oil commenced at almost the same tlme in three companies, 1945-47. Fossil plants range from Precambrian (algae) onwards. -
Palynological Interpretation of the Palaeoenvironments of Miocene Strata of the Well Igbomotoru-1, Niger Delta
Palynological interpretation of the palaeoenvironments of Miocene strata of the well Igbomotoru-1, Niger delta F.E. OBOH M.B. SALAMI ~~ J.L. CHAPMAN De~~nrtrneiifof GecJ/Ogynrrd Geophysics, fipnrtincwt of Geoli& De~mtrtrerrtof Enrtlr Scieirc~s, Uriir1ersity of Missoirri, Obofriiii Azt~olorcwUirim7rsit!y, Uiriz~ersityof Cninbrirfp,, Rollr?, IIe-lfr, Nigrrin. Dozor?ii~gStrcrt, Missoriri 65401, U.S.A. Cnttrbridgr, CB2 3EQ, U.K. ABSTRACT Palynological and lithologicalresults have been employed in interpreting the depositional environment of strata penetrated by the Igbomotoru-1 well at the interval 1123-3583 metres. The environment of deposition is largely transitional with marine influence occurring only at the base of the studied sequence. Zonocostitesramonae is frequent to abundant in most samples: this indicates a high influence of mangrove swamp vegetation in the environmentat the time of deposition.The absence or rarity of this species at some horizons within the studied interval is taken as evidence of deposition in a more continental environment or of a swamp forest area composed of non-Rhizophora type trees. The nature of the organic matter points to a source area near the basin of deposition for the sediments. I. ttiicropalaeoritol., 11 (1): 1-6, June 1992. INTRODUCTION SAMPLE SITE AND PREPARATION Studies on various aspects of the structure, sedimentology, Well Igbomotoru-1 is located at latitude 431'40.3"N and stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the Niger delta have longitude 603'29.6"E within the Niger delta (Fig. 1). It was been published by several workers including Allen (1964,1965), drilled to a total depth of 4325 metres by the Shell Petroleum Frank1 & Cordry (1967), Short&Stauble(1967),Adegoke(1969), Development Company of Nigeria. -
New Geochronological Constraints on the Timing of Magmatism for the Bull Arm Formation, Musgravetown Group, Avalon Terrane, Northeastern Newfoundland
Current Research (2017) Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey, Report 17-1, pages 1-17 NEW GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF MAGMATISM FOR THE BULL ARM FORMATION, MUSGRAVETOWN GROUP, AVALON TERRANE, NORTHEASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND A.J. Mills, G.R. Dunning1, M. Murphy1 and A. Langille1 Regional Geology Section 1Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5 ABSTRACT The Bull Arm Formation is one of the most areally extensive volcanic units in the Avalon Terrane of Newfoundland. His- torically, the age has been interpreted from the single previous U–Pb zircon age (570 +5/-3 Ma) obtained from a rhyolite flow on Wolf Island, where no contact relations are exposed. This rhyolite was later re-interpreted as the lower part of the overly- ing Rocky Harbour Formation but the initial interpretation as Bull Arm Formation had by then become entrenched in the lit- erature. New U–Pb zircon (CA-TIMS) geochronology results have been obtained for two rock samples from the volcanic-dom- inated Bull Arm Formation, Musgravetown Group, on the Bonavista Peninsula (Plate Cove volcanic belt) of northeastern Newfoundland, and one sample from the Isthmus that connects the Avalon Peninsula to the rest of the Island. A 40-cm-thick crystal-ash tuff near the base of the Plate Cove volcanic belt, at the roadcut east of Summerville, yielded an age of 592 ± 2.2 Ma. A lapilli tuff, located approximately 1800 m to the east, at the eastern margin of the volcanic belt, yielded an age of 591.3 ± 1.6 Ma. -
Sedimentology, Mineralogy, Palynology
Sedimentology, Mineralogy, Palynology, and Depositional History of Some Uppermost Cretaceous and Lowermost Tertiary Rocks along the Utah Book and Roan Cliffs East of the Green ·River U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1787-N Chapter N Sedimentology, Mineralogy, Palynology, and Depositional History of Some Uppermost Cretaceous and Lowermost Tertiary Rocks along the Utah Book and Roan Cliffs East of the Green River By KAREN J. FRANCZYK, JANET K. PITMAN, and DOUGlAS J. NICHOLS A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern l . U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1787 ~ EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS-UINTA AND PICEANCE BASINS ) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary • U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1990 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Franczyk, Karen J. Sedimentology, mineralogy, palynology, and depositional history of some uppermost Cretaceous and lowermost Tertiary rocks along the Utah Book and Roan Cliffs east of the Green River I by Karen J. Franczyk, Janet K. Pitman, and Douglas J. Nichols. p. em. - (Evolution of sedimentary basins-Uinta and Piceance Basins : ch. N) (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1787) "A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modem." Includes bibliographical references. -
The Questionable Origin of Early Land Plants from Algae
The Palaeobotanist, 28-29: 423-426, 1981. THE QUESTIONABLE ORIGIN OF EARLY LAND PLANTS FROM ALGAE F. P. JONKER Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, The State University of Utrecht Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands ABSTRACT The paper deals with the rise of terrestrial plant life in the Early Devonian. The view is developed that apart from Psilophytes some algal groups may have given rise to (semi-) land plants. (Semi-) land algae, however, have not been successful in competition with land invading Tracheophytes and became extinct after a relatively short existence. Key-words - Algae, Early land plants, Terrestrial vegetation, Psilophytes, Early Devonian. 5lTU'll'li ~ tftlif 'fiT JiTcm;iT ~ ~ ~W.f - 1'%0 tfto ~ ~ mlt-qz;f 5lTU'll'li ~ iT ~ 'TT~-;;r')q.; ifi ~ ~ w<rf.mr ~ I ~ ~ Olf'ffi f'f;m 'flIT ~ fif; l;li'.5'tl!flI<;<i)li'iifi ~rncr ~ ~ <!~ ~ '+IT (ri) "!-~ 'fiT ~ gm ~ I cr~, ~r ~!flT~ ifi ~ iT (>;f~) ~lf!lT9m~!fl<'f;r@ ~ crqf >;fq-~ >;J~q'lllf"l'll ~ ifi w:rrq: ~ \[1 'Tit I The two above mentioned papers prove J.whatM. SchopfI presume(1978)wasshowedhis finalthatpaper,the again that some knowledge of modern larger INtill then enigmatic, North-American, algae, their life form, and their reproduc• Devonian genus Foerstia White belonged tion and life cycle is needed in studying to the Phaeophyta and should be regarded and interpreting Silurian and Devonian as a marine "fucoid". The presumed plant megafossils which are too often attri• spore, or megaspore, tetrads represented buted to Psilophytes or other Pteridophytes. egg cells of which the coats were resistant. -
The Terminal Paleozoic Fungal Event: Evidence of Terrestrial Ecosystem Destabilization and Collapse HENK VISSCHER*, HENK BRINKHUIS*, DAVID L
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 2155-2158, March 1996 Ecology The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: Evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse HENK VISSCHER*, HENK BRINKHUIS*, DAVID L. DILCHERt, WILLIAM C. ELSIKt, YORAM ESHET§, CINDY V. LOOY*, MICHAEL R. RAMPINO1, AND ALFRED TRAVERSEII *Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; tPaleobotany Laboratory, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; tThe MycoStrat Connection, P.O. Box 549, Snook, TX 77878; §Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95 501, Israel; IDepartment of Earth System Science, New York University, 34 Stuyvesant Street, New York, NY 10003; and IlDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 435 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802 Contributed by David L. Dilcher, November 20, 1995 ABSTRACT Because of its prominent role in global bio- in the wood of land plants rather than in aquatic organisms. mass storage, land vegetation is the most obvious biota to be Sustained stability of this single largest biotic carbon reservoir investigated for records of dramatic ecologic crisis in Earth is basically determined by a functional equilibrium between history. There is accumulating evidence that, throughout the primary productivity and decomposition in arboreous ecosys- world, sedimentary organic matter preserved in latest Per- tems. Apart from bacteria, saprophytic fungi represent a mian deposits is characterized by unparalleled abundances of prominent category of decomposers; they are particularly fungal remains, irrespective of depositional environment (ma- efficient in the rapid degradation of woody tissue under rine, lacustrine, fluviatile), floral provinciality, and climatic aerobic conditions. -
Palynology.Pdf
762 Palynology Physical properties of palladium 0.03 to 0.11 in. (0.7 to 3 mm) in length, that live under stones, in caves, and in other moist, dark Property Value places. The elongate body terminates in a slender multisegmented flagellum set with setae. In a curi- Atomic weight 106.4 Naturally occurring isotopes 102 (0.96) ous reversal of function, the pedipalps, the second (percent abundance) pair of head appendages, serve as walking legs. The 104 (10.97) first pair of true legs, longer than the others and set 105 (22.23) 106 (27.33) with sensory setae, has been converted to tactile ap- 108 (26.71) pendages which are vibrated constantly to test the 110 (11.81) substratum. See ARACHNIDA. Willis J. Gertsch Crystal structure Face-centered cubic Thermal neutron capture cross 8.0 section, barns Density at 25 C (77 F), g/cm3 12.01 Melting point, C ( F) 1554 (2829) Palynology Boiling point, C ( F) 2900 (5300) Specific heat at 0 C (32 F), cal/g 0.0584 The study of pollen grains and spores, both extant Thermal conductivity, 0.18 and extinct, as well as other organic microfossils. (cal cm)(cm2 s C) Although the origin of the discipline dates back to Linear coefficient of thermal 11.6 expansion, (µin./in./)/ C the seventeenth century, when modern pollen was Electrical resistivity at 0 C (32 F), 9.93 first examined microscopically, the term palynology µΩ-cm was not coined until 1944. Young’s modulus, lb/in.2, static, at 16.7 106 20 C (68 F) The term palynology is used by both geologists Atomic radius in metal, nm 0.1375 and biologists. -
Bedrock Geology of the Cape St. Mary's Peninsula
BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE CAPE ST. MARY’S PENINSULA, SOUTHWEST AVALON PENINSULA, NEWFOUNDLAND (INCLUDES PARTS OF NTS MAP SHEETS 1M/1, 1N/4, 1L/16 and 1K/13) Terence Patrick Fletcher Report 06-02 St. John’s, Newfoundland 2006 Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey COVER The Placentia Bay cliff section on the northern side of Hurricane Brook, south of St. Bride’s, shows the prominent pale limestones of the Smith Point Formation intervening between the mudstones of the Cuslett Member of the lower Bonavista Formation and those of the overlying Redland Cove Member of the Brigus Formation. The top layers of this marker limestone on the southwestern limb of the St. Bride’s Syncline contain the earliest trilobites found in this map area. Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE CAPE ST. MARY’S PENINSULA, SOUTHWEST AVALON PENINSULA, NEWFOUNDLAND (INCLUDES PARTS OF NTS MAP SHEETS 1M/1, 1N/4, 1L/16 and 1K/13) Terence P. Fletcher Report 06-02 St. John’s, Newfoundland 2006 EDITING, LAYOUT AND CARTOGRAPHY Senior Geologist S.J. O’BRIEN Editor C.P.G. PEREIRA Graphic design, D. DOWNEY layout and J. ROONEY typesetting B. STRICKLAND Cartography D. LEONARD T. PALTANAVAGE T. SEARS Publications of the Geological Survey are available through the Geoscience Publications and Information Section, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 8700, St. John’s, NL, Canada, A1B 4J6. This publication is also available through the departmental website. Telephone: (709) 729-3159 Fax: (709) 729-4491 Geoscience Publications and Information Section (709) 729-3493 Geological Survey - Administration (709) 729-4270 Geological Survey E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.gov.nl.ca/mines&en/geosurv/ Author’s Address: Dr. -
Non-Pollen Palynomorphs Notes: 2
Non-pollen palynomorphs notes: 2. Holocene record of Megalohypha aqua - dulces , its relation to the fossil form genus Fusiformisporites and association with lignicolous freshwater fungi Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Astrid Ferrer, Frank Schlütz To cite this version: Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Astrid Ferrer, Frank Schlütz. Non-pollen palynomorphs notes: 2. Holocene record of Megalohypha aqua - dulces , its relation to the fossil form genus Fusiformisporites and association with lignicolous freshwater fungi. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier, 2017, 246, pp.167-176. 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.07.002. hal-01790616 HAL Id: hal-01790616 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01790616 Submitted on 14 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 246 (2017) 167–176 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Review papers Non-pollen palynomorphs notes: 2. Holocene record of Megalohypha aqua-dulces, its relation to the -
The Foerstia Zone of the Ohio and Chattanooga Shales
The Foerstia Zone of the Ohio and Chattanooga Shales GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1294 H The Foerstia Zone of the Ohio and Chattanooga Shales By J. M. SCHOPF and J. F. SCHWIETERING CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1294-H An explanation for the strati graphic zonation of the fossils and a report on a newly discovered occurrence of the Foerstia zone in western Ohio UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-607393 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ..... ....................... ...................... ............................................... HI Introduction ..................... ............ .................. ................................................. 1 Earlier reports .... ..................... ... ..... ... ......................................... 2 The "spores" of Foerstia ................. ... ............. _........... .. 4 Littoral control ............................. ... ............ ........................................ 6 Stratigraphic occurrence of Foerstia ............. ....... ..................................... 8 A new Foerstia locality ........ ... ............................. ................................... ..... 12 Summary ......................................................................................._..._..............-....