1 Periodical Assessment of Phytoplankton Diversity in Navalgund Lentic Water Body of Dharwad District in Karnataka, India Abstra
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IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Periodical Assessment of Phytoplankton Diversity in Navalgund Lentic water body of Dharwad District in Karnataka, India Ratna V Airsang and H C Lakshman P.G .Department of studies in Botany (Microbiology Laboratory) Karnataka University, Dharwad-580 001 Karnataka- India. Abstract The present paper deals mainly with, the study of Phytoplankton belonging to five different classes of algae which vary in different months. Detailed Physico-chemical characteristics of this Lentic water body of Arekurahatti were analyzed at monthly interval for a period of one year from May-2012 to April- 2013. The variation in water quality parameters played an important role in the diversity of Phytoplankton and favoured the maximum blooming of Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae members especially during Monsoon over the population of Dinophyceae. But during winter and summer season much fluctuation was observed in the density of Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae members. Surprisingly, Dinophyceae members were appeared only in the months of March and April, during summer season when phosphates were was observed found least in the lentic water body. On an average, the per cent occurrence of Cyanophyceae members was found maximum followed by Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae. Total of eighty one species were recorded throughout the year belonging to Euglenophyceae (7), Chlorophyceae (31), Bacillariophyceae (26), Cyanophyceae (16) and Dinophyceae (1). Based upon the recorded physicochemical parameters the status of the lentic water body in the present study indicates its oligotrophic nature. Therefore, investigation may suggest that the water of Arekurhatti Lake may be used for domestic purposes but not for drinking according to drinking water quality standards. Keywords: Diversity, Phytoplankton, Physico-chemical parameters, Arekurahatti Lake, Periodical variation. International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences 1 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Introduction Lentic water bodies are valuable water systems and intensively used for drinking, for fisheries and recreation. Since the time immemorial man has been settling around rivers and lakes and in later period, migrating human populations have had dug water bodies to nurture all life forms (Guru and Goswami, 2011). The quality of water is very important for any other aquatic ecosystems because any change in water directly or indirectly affects the biotic environment (Mary Kensa and Jeyakavitha, 2012). The aquatic plants and animals bring about changes in the chemical composition of water. Life in aquatic environment is always governed by physico-chemical characteristics (Kumawat and Jawale 2003; Panigrahi et al., 2005) and their stability. In all aquatic ecosystems Phytoplankton are the principal primary producers of the food chain. Phytoplankton, which include blue-green algae, green algae, diatoms, desmids, euglenoids etc, are important among aquatic flora. They are ecologically significant as, they form the basic link in the food chain of all aquatic floras (Ravikumar et al., 2006). Therefore, conservation of water bodies with basic biological output is the major challenge before biologists and the environmentalists (Senapati et al., 2011; Hosmani, 2012; Jaiswal, 2013) in most Asian countries. These water bodies became polluted by the discharge of sewage, agricultural runoff, bathing animals, washing clothes and vehicles. The phytoplankton diversity in lentic water body of Arekurahatti in Navalgund taluk of Dharwad district has not been studied till today. Therefore in the present study phytoplankton diversity in relation to Physico-chemical parameters of Arekurahatti Lake has been under taken. Description of study area Navalgund is a taluk in Dharwad district, Karnataka state, India (Fig.1). It is located 41 kms away from Dharwad and 374 kms from Bangalore. Navalgund is situated at 15.57° North latitude, 75.37° East longitude and 578 (1,896 ft above the sea level) meters elevation. Annual rainfall recorded was as follows: in 2011 - 462.9 mm, in 2012 - 262.2 mm and in 2013 – 624.0 mm. Winter temperature - 17⁰C, summer temperature - 39⁰C. Arekurahatti Lake is large sized lake occupying the area about 16 acres 11 guntas (water spread area is about 560 guntas) situated in the village Arekurahatti (Fig.2). Approximately, the length of the lake measures about 327.72 meters (1,075.2 ft) and width measures about 236.5 meters (775.93 ft). Depth of the lake measures about 6 meters and average water level is 3.5 meters. The lake water is used for drinking and also for domestic purposes. This lake is linked to Malaprabha River through channel connection. Twice in a year, when Lake water level decreases it will be get filled with water of Malaprabha River through the channel during winter (November) and summer (March). This lake water is the only source to the villagers for drinking and domestic purposes. Village population is 3718 (as per 2011 census). This lake is monitored by Grama Panchayat Karyalaya, Yemanur. A watchman belonging to that Arekurahatti village, guard that lake to prevent the entry of cattles, washing of clothes and vehicles. International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences 2 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Figure 1: Showing the location of selected site Arekurahatti Lake, Navalgund Taluk of Dharwad District in Karnataka – India. Figure 2: Showing the Satellite view and Photograph of Arekurahatti Lake International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences 3 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Materials and methods Water samples were collected for the estimation of Physico-chemical parameters from the Arekurahatti lake of Navalgund taluk for a period of one year from May 2012 to April 2013 at an interval of one month. The samples were collected in pre-cleaned polyethylene carbonyl cans of one liter with necessary precautions and utmost care according to APHA, 1995. Samples were brought to the laboratory to study their physico-chemical parameters. Winklerization was made in separate 350 ml BOD bottles for the estimation of dissolved oxygen. From the collected sample of lentic water body, sedimentation was made in acid Lugol’s solution and the supernatant was discarded. The phytoplankton sediment was concentrated to 30 ml by centrifugation. The centrifuged sample was observed under high resolution optical microscope for phytoplankton identification (Desikachary, 1959). A high resolution optical microscope was used for photography, identification and in the counting of phytoplankton with different eye pieces such as 40X and 100X. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton was done by Lackey's drop (1938) method. The species belonging to each group were noted down and number of individuals in each species was counted. The number of organisms was expressed in total organisms per liter. Results and Discussion The results of the Physico-chemical analysis recorded for one year during the study of Arekurahatti Lake are presented in Table 1 and 2. International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences 4 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Table 1: Showing the average values of physico-chemical parameters in Arekurahatti Lake during May 2102 to April 2013 Parameters Minimum - Maximum Mean ± SD Air Temperature 23.00 - 33.00 28.17 ± 3.32 Water Temperature 20.00 - 29.00 26.25 ± 2.74 Turbidity 2.80 - 82.00 18.03 ± 24.99 pH 7.40 - 8.43 7.99 ± 0.29 Electric conductivity 220.00 - 330.00 273.33 ± 41.41 Total Alkalinity 72.00 - 112.00 91.67 ± 13.04 Total dissolved solids 143.00 - 215.00 177.92 ± 27.03 Total hardness 66.00 - 114.00 88.17 ± 15.10 Calcium 32.00 - 60.00 48.83 ± 8.63 Magnesium 3.40 - 15.55 9.52 ± 3.11 Chlorides 60.00 - 126.00 96.17 ± 23.78 Sulphates 2.80 -14.00 8.21±3.88 Nitrates 0.10 - 1.80 0.79± 0.52 Phosphates 0.70 - 11.00 4.68 ± 2.99 Sodium 20.00 - 52.50 35.79 ± 10.79 Potassium 1.50 - 3.20 2.24 ± 0.58 Dissolved Oxygen 5.80 - 9.00 6.78 ± 0.81 Chemical Oxygen Demand 15.70 - 73.60 29.90± 15.25 Biological Oxygen Demand 0.18 - 12.25 4.46± 3.29 All parameters are in mg/L, except pH, Turbidity in NTU, Temperature in ˚C and EC in μmhos/sec International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences 5 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org IJREAS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 5(May, 2015) (ISSN 2249-3905) International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (IMPACT FACTOR – 5.981) Table 2: Showing the Monthly variation in the physicochemical parameters of Arekurahatti Lake during May 2012 to April 2013. Month Parameters AT WT TUR pH T.Alk EC TDS TH Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3 PO4 Na K DO COD