SADC African Migratory Locust Appeal
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Reptile Pets Shuttle Grasshopper Allergy and Asthma Into Homes Erika Jensen-Jarolim1,2*, Isabella Pali-Schöll1,2, Sebastian A.F
Jensen-Jarolim et al. World Allergy Organization Journal (2015) 8:24 DOI 10.1186/s40413-015-0072-1 journal REVIEW Open Access Caution: Reptile pets shuttle grasshopper allergy and asthma into homes Erika Jensen-Jarolim1,2*, Isabella Pali-Schöll1,2, Sebastian A.F. Jensen3, Bruno Robibaro3,4 and Tamar Kinaciyan5 Abstract The numbers of reptiles in homes has at least doubled in the last decade in Europe and the USA. Reptile purchases are increasingly triggered by the attempt to avoid potentially allergenic fur pets like dogs and cats. Consequently, reptiles are today regarded as surrogate pets initiating a closer relationship with the owner than ever previously observed. Reptile pets are mostly fed with insects, especially grasshoppers and/or locusts, which are sources for aggressive airborne allergens, best known from occupational insect breeder allergies. Exposure in homes thus introduces a new form of domestic allergy to grasshoppers and related insects. Accordingly, an 8-year old boy developed severe bronchial hypersensitivity and asthma within 4 months after purchase of a bearded dragon. The reptile was held in the living room and regularly fed with living grasshoppers. In the absence of a serological allergy diagnosis test, an IgE immunoblot on grasshopper extract and prick-to-prick test confirmed specific sensitization to grasshoppers. After 4 years of allergen avoidance, a single respiratory exposure was sufficient to trigger a severe asthma attack again in the patient. Based on literature review and the clinical example we conclude that reptile keeping is associated with introducing potent insect allergens into home environments. Patient interviews during diagnostic procedure should therefore by default include the question about reptile pets in homes. -
Comparative Study on the Various Species of Locusts with Special
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 38-45 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Comparative study on the various species of locusts JEZS 2016; 4(6): 38-45 © 2016 JEZS with special reference to its population fluctuation Received: 07-09-2016 Accepted: 08-10-2016 from Thar Desert, Sindh Ahmed Ali Samejo Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro- Ahmed Ali Samejo and Riffat Sultana Pakistan Abstract Riffat Sultana Thar Desert is most favorable for life of human throughout the deserts of the world. It is rain fed land, Department of Zoology, some patches are cultivated by farmers in the form of fields for producing sources of economy, other University of Sindh, Jamshoro- Pakistan large part of desert remains untouched for natural vegetation for livestock, but unfortunately little yield of desert is also affected by variety of insect including locusts. During present study four species of locusts; belonging to four genera Anacridium, Cyrtacanthacris, Locusta and Schistocerca, two subfamilies Cyrtacanthacridinae and Oedipodenae and one family Acrididae were reported from Thar Desert from June 2015 to May 2016. Comparative study revealed that two species Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria are swarming and destructive while, Anacridium aegyptium and Cyrtacanthacridinae tatarica are non-swarming but are larger in body size and graze more vegetation than both swarming species. Though these four species have ecological and morphological difference but the nature of damage is almost similar. All these species were recorded as pest of foliage of all crops and natural vegetation. Keywords: Comparative morphology, geographic distribution, locusts, Thar Desert, damage to useful plants 1. -
Locusts in Queensland
LOCUSTS Locusts in Queensland PEST STATUS REVIEW SERIES – LAND PROTECTION by C.S. Walton L. Hardwick J. Hanson Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the many people who provided information for this assessment. Clyde McGaw, Kevin Strong and David Hunter, from the Australian Plague Locust Commission, are also thanked for the editorial review of drafts of the document. Cover design: Sonia Jordan Photographic credits: Natural Resources and Mines staff ISBN 0 7345 2453 6 QNRM03033 Published by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Qld. February 2003 Information in this document may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, provided that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Land Protection Department of Natural Resources and Mines GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Q 4000 #16401 02/03 Contents 1.0 Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 History ....................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Outbreaks across Australia ........................................................................................ 3 3.2 Outbreaks in Queensland........................................................................................... 3 4.0 Current and predicted distribution ........................................................................ -
Elements for the Sustainable Management of Acridoids of Importance in Agriculture
African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(2), pp. 142-152, 12 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.912 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals Review Elements for the sustainable management of acridoids of importance in agriculture María Irene Hernández-Zul 1, Juan Angel Quijano-Carranza 1, Ricardo Yañez-López 1, Irineo Torres-Pacheco 1, Ramón Guevara-Gónzalez 1, Enrique Rico-García 1, Adriana Elena Castro- Ramírez 2 and Rosalía Virginia Ocampo-Velázquez 1* 1Department of Biosystems, School of Engineering, Queretaro State University, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, México. 2Department of Agroecology, Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. Accepted 16 December, 2011 Acridoidea is a superfamily within the Orthoptera order that comprises a group of short-horned insects commonly called grasshoppers. Grasshopper and locust species are major pests of grasslands and crops in all continents except Antarctica. Economically and historically, locusts and grasshoppers are two of the most destructive agricultural pests. The most important locust species belong to the genus Schistocerca and populate America, Africa, and Asia. Some grasshoppers considered to be important pests are the Melanoplus species, Camnula pellucida in North America, Brachystola magna and Sphenarium purpurascens in northern and central Mexico, and Oedaleus senegalensis and Zonocerus variegatus in Africa. Previous studies have classified these species based on specific characteristics. This review includes six headings. The first discusses the main species of grasshoppers and locusts; the second focuses on their worldwide distribution; the third describes their biology and life cycle; the fourth refers to climatic factors that facilitate the development of grasshoppers and locusts; the fifth discusses the action or reaction of grasshoppers and locusts to external or internal stimuli and the sixth refers to elements to design management strategies with emphasis on prevention. -
Studies on the Biology and Morphology
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SCHISTOCERCA OBSctTRA. FABR~ OCT ~-'/ 1939 \,. STODI]S ON fflE BIOLOGY AND UORPHOLOGf OF SOHISTOCERCA OBSCURA FABR. By LESTER GLEN DUCK 1, Bachelor ot Science Northwestern State Teacher's College Alva, Oklahoma. A THESIS Submitted to the Department of" Entomology Oklahoma .Agricultural and Mechanical College In Partial J!ultillment of" the Requirements FOr the Degree ot MASTER OF SCIENCE C 1939 o" -: o "e ((.f!) ~ r ~ 0 0 , 0 ,, {,] 0 . 0 0 0' 0 ,._< )",-- : ,." - ' ' O r c> o " O ,, C> 0 ~ ·'" "•i" U U O D 0 0 ' 0 C ,-- 0 0 <l 0 r: ' Cl , 0 O O ' 0 O C' OQ<.,1:~ ll~ STUDIES ON mE BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SCHISTOCERCA OBSCURA. J'ABR. CCLLEGE OCT ;.;,'/ 1939 .._ STUDIES ON 'IRE BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SOHISTOCERCA OBSCURA ll"ABR. By LESTER GLEN DUCK I\ Bachelor of Science Northwestern State Teacher's College Alva, Oklahoma 1937 A THESIS Submitted to the Department of Entomology Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College In Partial Jfu.lfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of 0 MASTER OF SCIENCE : e. r:, 0 J 0 • , ... ,"- ~ ~ 1939 0-'"';_, 0~0°,~ IJO 1 0 0 0 _, ·~ 0 ' c~ O ()" c_, O O D c 0 (' C~ 0 <:I Or 11 OCT ~11939 l APPROVED: In Charge of Thesis Head or Department ot 1!ntomology Dean or Graduate School 119466 111 PREFACE This thesis grew out ot a suggestion b1 Professor F. A. !'enton concern ing the need tor information on certain members of the Orthopteran genus Schistocerca. As the work progressed, it became Dl)re and more evident that a thorough understanding ot the genus can coma only through a close e:xam.1.nation of the biology of each species. -
Pathogen-Induced Change in the Phase State of Locust Offspring
Submitted to PNAS Classification: Biological Sciences - Ecology Fever impacts on host life history traits, but is this a cost? Sam L. Elliot1, Charlotte M. Horton1, Simon Blanford1,2 and Matthew B. Thomas1,3 Author affiliation: 1 NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK 2 Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK 3 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, Wye, Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH, UK Corresponding author: Sam Elliot, NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 7594 2529. Fax: +44 (0)1344 873173. E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript information: 11 text pages (16 total), 1 figure Word and character counts: 273 words in Abstract 25, 675 characters in paper (incl. spaces) ABSTRACT Fever is one mechanism by which animals may defend themselves against pathogens but, as with other defenses, may have consequences for the host. In ectotherms such as the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), fever temperatures are attained through modified behavioural thermoregulation. We have previously demonstrated that the fitness benefits of behavioural fever in S. gregaria can be substantial: a fever temperature just 2-4°C higher than the normal can make the difference between zero and near-normal reproduction when infected with a fungal pathogen. Here we examined whether there are costs associated with these elevated temperatures by holding adult, gregarious S. gregaria at elevated temperatures for one or five hours per day and for ten or twenty days. -
Song Dissertation
SYSTEMATICS OF CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) WITH A FOCUS ON THE GENUS SCHISTOCERCA STÅL 1873: EVOLUTION OF LOCUST PHASE POLYPHENISM AND STUDY OF INSECT GENITALIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hojun Song, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Norman F. Johnson ______________________________ Dr. Johannes S. H. Klompen Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology Copyright by Hojun Song 2006 ABSTRACT The systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is investigated to study the evolution of locust phase polyphenism, biogeography, and the evolution of male genitalia. In Chapter Two, I present a comprehensive taxonomic synopsis of the genus Schistocerca Stål. I review the taxonomic history, include an identification key to species, revise the species concepts of six species and describe a new species. In Chapter Three, I present a morphological phylogeny of Schistocerca, focusing on the biogeography. The phylogeny places the desert locust S. gregaria deep within the New World clade, suggesting that the desert locust originated from the New World. In Chapter Four, I review the systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae and present a phylogeny based on morphology. Evolution of taxonomically important characters is investigated using a character optimization analysis. The biogeography of the subfamily is also addressed. In Chapter Five, I present a comprehensive review the recent advances in the study of locust phase polyphenism from various disciplines. The review reveals that locust phase polyphenism is a complex phenomenon consisting of numerous density-dependent phenotypically plastic traits. -
Acridid Ecology in the Sugarcane Agro-Ecosystem in the Zululand Region of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Research Article A. BAM, P. ADDISON AND JournalD. CONLONG of Orthoptera Research 2020, 29(1): 9-169 Acridid ecology in the sugarcane agro-ecosystem in the Zululand region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ADRIAN BAM1,3, PIA ADDISON1, DESMOND CONLONG1,2 1 Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of Agrisciences, Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa. 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, Private Bag X02 4300 South Africa. 3 25 Oldfied Road, Mkondeni 3201 South Africa. Corresponding author: D. Conlong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michel Lecoq | Received 8 April 2019 | Accepted 17 June 2019 | Published 10 January 2020 http://zoobank.org/77D0467F-09AA-40E1-A354-46E48924B24D Citation: Bam A, Addison P, Conlong D (2020) Acridid ecology in the sugarcane agro-ecosystem in the Zululand region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(1): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.34626 Abstract Sukirno 1999), West Africa (Maiga et al. 2008), India (Easwara- moorthy et al. 1989), and Africa (Whellan 1968, Bakker 1999, Grasshoppers and locusts are well known crop and pasture pests Price and Brown 1999). These insects defoliate plants, thereby throughout the world. Periodically they cause extensive damage to large reducing their photosynthetic capabilities (Williams et al. 1969, areas of crops and grazing lands, which often exacerbate food shortage Easwaramoorthy et al. 1989). In southern Africa, three major issues in many countries. In South Africa, acridid outbreaks rarely reach plagues of the red locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serville) (Or- economic proportions, but in sugarcane plantations, localized outbreaks thoptera: Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae), have occurred in recent of native acridid species have been reported for the last eight years with increasing frequency and intensity in certain areas. -
The Occurrence in the Migratory Locust, Locusta Migratoria (Orthoptera
Eur. J. Entomol. 110(4): 577–583, 2013 http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/110/4/577 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) The occurrence in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), of a short-winged morph with no obvious fitness advantages over the long-winged morph YUDAI NISHIDE and SEIJI TANAKA Locust Research Laboratory, National Institute of Agro-biological Sciences at Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Orthoptera, Acrididae, Locusta migratoria, adaptive significance, trade-off, wing dimorphism Abstract. A short-winged morph, whose occurrence is controlled by a simple recessive Mendelian unit, was recently discovered in Locusta migratoria. The existence of trade-offs between flight capability associated with wing length and other fitness-related traits are often documented for insects. The present study investigated the evolutionary significance of the short-winged and long-winged morphs of this locust using two laboratory strains showing wing dimorphism. The life-history traits examined included nymphal development, adult body weight, percentage adult survival, age at first reproduction, egg production and hatchling body weight. The results indicate that there are no consistent morph-specific differences in any of these traits. Of the several possibilities considered, the most likely is that the short-winged morph of this locust is an aberration or represents an initial stage in the evolution of this spe- cies. INTRODUCTION bairn, 1988) and beetles (Utida, 1972). Other costs asso- Intra-specific wing length polymorphism and poly- ciated with the long-winged morph include develop- phenism are widespread among insects (Harrison, 1980; mental delay (Zera, 1984; Dixon & Howard, 1986), Dingle, 1985; Pener, 1985; Tauber et al., 1986; Roff & decreased longevity (Denno et al., 1989) and smaller off- Fairbairn, 1991; Zera & Denno, 1997). -
Early Intervention Against Desert Locusts: Current Proactive Approach and the Prospect of Sustainable Outbreak Prevention
agronomy Article Early Intervention against Desert Locusts: Current Proactive Approach and the Prospect of Sustainable Outbreak Prevention Allan T. Showler 1,*, Mohammed Abdallahi Ould Babah Ebbe 2, Michel Lecoq 3 and Koutaro O. Maeno 4 1 USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA 2 Sahel Institute, Bamako, BP 1530, Mali; [email protected] 3 CIRAD, UMR CBGP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [email protected] 4 Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Environment Division, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a major Old World pest, is associated with agricultural losses and undesirable societal effects. There are three broad approaches to its control: reaction, proaction, and outbreak prevention. Reaction protects crops from swarms but it is costly and disruptive. Proaction involves early intervention during outbreaks to avert further development to plague status; it is in current use because it is effective, relatively inexpensive, and it is the best available option for now. Outbreak prevention, largely unavailable since the 1970s, at least on a regional scale, will require highly sensitive surveillance to detect the onset of gregarization. Sufficiently early intervention can, hypothetically, extend desert locust recession indefinitely. While research on desert locust biology and behavior is, almost, no longer an urgent requirement to improve the efficacy of control, new priorities have arisen for developing outbreak prevention capability (and for enhancing proaction). Salient needs presently include long residual Citation: Showler, A.T.; Ould Babah Ebbe, M.A.; Lecoq, M.; Maeno, K.O. -
Locust Swarm and Its Management
Locust Swarm and its Management Contents What are locusts? ................................................................................................................................... 3 How many species of Locusts are there in India? ................................................................................. 3 From where these locusts come? .......................................................................................................... 4 How much they can eat? ........................................................................................................................ 5 Low long locust swarm lasts in a given place? ...................................................................................... 5 How to control Locust Swarm? .............................................................................................................. 5 1. Mechanical methods ...................................................................................................................... 6 2. Baiting ............................................................................................................................................. 6 3. Dusting ............................................................................................................................................ 6 4. Spraying insecticides ...................................................................................................................... 7 Precautions to be taken: ....................................................................................................................... -
The Bu.Lletins of This Station Are Mailed Free to All Ts of T., E State Who Make Application for Them
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA •. AUGUST, 1891. Migratory.Locusts in :Minnesota in 189i. I . By Otto Lugger, Ph.D. The Bu.lletins of this Station are mailed free to all ts of t.,_e State who make application for them. ' , . ' · . · On the 5th day of last October oar station oftlce ~g WJLS destroyed by :6.re. The laboratory, a large .. ·.,tthe library, and ·all Reports and Bulletins from 1 to : }lSive, were burned. It will be impossible to supply · of Bull~tina issued earlier than No. 13. ST. ANTHONY PARK, RAMSEY CO. MINNESOTA. ; ''~ ·;: ; .A.c:f:R~O'tt'~~x... \' • • • <' ' ·EXPERIMENT· STA TIO. OF THE ... /University of Minnesota. BOARD OF REGENTS • .1'he HON. JOHN S. PILLSBURY, MINNEAPOLIS, - The BON. GREENLEAF CLARK, M. A., ST. PAUL, -. The HON. CUSHMAN K. DAVJS, M. a., ~T. PAUL, T~ HON. KNUTE NELSON, ALEXANDRIA, 'The HON. 0. P. STEARNS, DULUTH, - The HON. WILLIAM M. :LIGGETT, BENSON, The HON. s. M. EMERY, LAKE CITY, The HON. STEPHEN MAHONEY, M1NNEAPOLIS, «•' T)leHON. WILLIAM R. MERRIAM, ST. PAUL, E](-01fici°';1.>; . Tke Governor of the State. '' ·The HO~. DAVID L. KIEHLE, M. A.. ST. PAUL, The State Superintendent of Public Instruction. ' : _CYRUS. NORT~ROP, LL. D., MINNEAPOJ,IS, · The President of the University. THE AGRICULTlJRAL COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF THE STATION. The HON. WILLIAM M. LIGGETT, Chairman. The HON. KNUTE NELSON. ' The HON. S. M. EMERY. OFFICERS OF THE STATION. CLINTON D. SMITH, M. S., .Director ... WILLET M~ HAYS,.B. S. A., Assistant in Agriclilture::< sAMUE;L B. GREEN, B. S.; - - ( -- Horticul~. OTTO LUGGER, Ph. D., . - . Entomologist and Botanist,.