DOCSLIB.ORG

View/Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
View/Download KEYNOTE Assembling armies Ulster in general. Stressing its non- Ultimately, only 25,000 National Volunteers The years leading up to the Rising denominational ethos and how it was open had enlisted for service with the British to all Irishmen, the Irish Volunteers openly Army by the spring of 1917. Meanwhile, welcomed cooperation with the UVF, Eoin MacNeill, the founder of the Irish saw plenty of activity as the Irish ignoring the fact that the Ulster Volunteers Volunteers, retained the name and 12,500 was pledged to resistance to Home Rule, (seven percent) of the membership of the whereas the Irish Volunteers had been original volunteer force. nationalists began to make long-term constituted with the defence of that same The other thing which MacNeill’s principle as its primary objective. Volunteers retained was a concealed By the summer of 1914, both the Irish cohort of Irish Republican Brotherhood plans, writes Dr Conor Mulvagh and Ulster Volunteers had swollen their (IRB) activists. This secret movement had ranks. The Irish Volunteers’ numbers been reinvigorated after 1905 when two peaked at approximately 180,000 and the northern republicans, Bulmer Hobson and OOKING back on the north, where the Ulster Volunteer Force UVF had between 80,000 and 110,000 Denis McCullough, took over and revamped Easter Rising, many in (UVF) was established in January 1913. members at its height. Both were genuinely the movement. Irish administration and The establishment of the UVF actually mass movements and, with major arms The IRB had seized the opportunity British politics asked why represented the formalisation of a situation shipments coming in for the unionists in presented by the vogue for volunteering the clear warning signs which had been ongoing in Ulster for some April 1914 and for the nationalists in July to infiltrate the Irish Volunteers from its had not been taken more time whereby unionists had been drilling of that year, both clearly possessed funds inception. The infiltration went to the seriously. In hindsight, and arming in localised and uncoordinated and organisational abilities that made them very highest echelons of the force. When L the evidence was there initiatives. forces to be reckoned with. the provisional committee of the Irish to suppress nationalist and socialist The UVF brought a central command On the outbreak of the First World War, Volunteers was formed in November 1913, paramilitary organisations who paraded structure to this. Within 11 months, the John Redmond, chairman of the Irish 12 of its 25 members were also members and trained unmolested across Ireland precedent made by the UVF was deemed Parliamentary Party at Westminster, of the Brotherhood. Subsequently, other but, on the advice of Irish MPs fearing a worthy of emulation by nationalists. pledged the Irish Volunteers to the defence provisional committee members, most backlash if the government was seen to Again, prior local initiatives preceded the of Ireland during wartime. When, on 20 notably Patrick Pearse, Joseph Plunkett, and act harshly against these groups, tolerance foundation of a nationwide organisation September 1914 he urged Volunteers to fight Thomas MacDonagh were sworn into the rather than a clampdown was the policy for the defence of Home Rule: the Irish abroad as the surest means of securing IRB; their potential having been recognised pursued. Volunteers, founded in November 1913. Home Rule for Ireland, he precipitated a through their work in the Volunteers. Who were these private armies that Interestingly, although it was perhaps split in the movement. Roughly 153,000 Though by no means as large as the carried on drilling and arming before and more rhetorical than sincere, the Irish sided with Redmond becoming ‘National aforementioned Irish, Ulster, and National during the First World War, provoking the Volunteers maintained that it did not stand Volunteers’. However, this organisation Volunteers, two other forces — the Irish ire of the authorities? It had begun in the in opposition to the UVF or to unionist lapsed into inactivity by the middle of 1915. Citizen Army and the Hibernian Rifles — 4 | Irish Independent 1916 Collection Irish Independent I 29 October 2015 KEYNOTE UCD’s Conor Mulvagh. MARK CONDREN Clockwise from left: A mounted National Volunteer saluting the flag during a drill at Keash, County Sligo in 1914; members of the Ulster Volunteers practise their rifle shooting in a remote location in Northern Ireland in 1914; the Constitution of The Irish Volunteers published in October 1914. GETTY IMAGES, MILITARY ARCHIVES and acquiring arms were also founded prior to the First World Hibernian Rifles fought during Easter By contrast, Cumann na mBan, which and republicanism more generally. War and joined with the Irish Volunteers week. The unit suffered combat casualties, was officially an ‘auxiliary’ organisation Returning to the British government’s in forming the combat troops of the Easter most notably when it was dispatched to to the all-male Irish Volunteers, was an attitudes to these organisations, Sir Rebellion in 1916. engage in heavy fighting at the Exchange autonomous organisation with its own Mathew Nathan had been appointed Under The Irish Citizen Army had been founded Hotel on Parliament Street. leadership and command structures. Secretary at Dublin Castle in September in 1913 to protect the citizens of Dublin Two further organisations were Cumann All five of these bodies: the Irish 1914, after the First World War had broken from the Dublin Metropolitan Police na mBan and Na Fianna Éireann. Cumann Volunteers, the Citizen Army, Cumann na out. From then until his resignation in the following notable clashes such as Bloody na mBan was the women’s auxiliary to the mBan, Fianna Éireann, and the Hibernian wake of the Easter rebellion, he was the Sunday on 31 August 1913 in which a DMP Irish Volunteers and Na Fianna Éireann a Rifles fought as part of the rebel army of top civil servant on the ground in Ireland. baton charge resulted in the deaths of two rebel boy-scouts organisation which long the provisional government of the Irish He reported directly to his Chief Secretary, citizens. Approximately 500 were injured in predated the rush to arming and drilling Republic declared on Easter Monday 1916. Augustine Birrell, who was a member of that incident alone. The Irish Citizen Army but who nonetheless militarised as the While historians often dwell on Cabinet in London. numbered no more than 350 members in vogue for volunteering swept Ireland the importance of nomenclature Nathan and Birrell were the focus of 1916 but, an impressive 250 of these turned in 1913. Both units served prominently nowadays, Dublin Castle was happy blame when the Royal Commission of out to fight during Easter 1916. during the insurrection. to dub any organisation Investigation into the Irish Rebellion The Hibernian Rifles was smaller again. unsympathetic to the reported on 10 May 1916. Although others So small, in fact, that it has been almost HE question of gender official Home Rule party such as the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, forgotten in the history of the Rising. is an important one. In a climate“where all and to the British war Lord Wimborne, and the heads of the TAlthough entirely effort as ‘Sinn Féiners’ and Royal Irish Constabulary and the Dublin While the Irish Citizen Army wore its own uniform, distinctive to that of the gender equal on paper, sorts of activities from referred to Irish Volunteers Metropolitan Police, weathered the much larger Irish Volunteers, by 1916, the the Irish Citizen Army has eating seed potatoes to as ‘Sinn Féin Volunteers’. storm, both Birrell and Nathan resigned Hibernian Rifles wore a uniform identical come in for fresh scrutiny in Strictly speaking, ‘Sinn thereafter. Inactivity rather than ineptitude to that of the Volunteers but with ‘blue recent years as files in the lighting bonfires were Féin’ denoted membership was the criticism levelled at them. facings on the cuffs and collars and slacks’. Bureau of Military History outlawed, the relative of Arthur Griffith’s dual- Why were large musters of armed citizens Numbering around 50, the Hibernian Rifles reveal that traditional monarchist party which allowed to parade and drill in public even was established by a faction of the Ancient gender roles perpetuated lack of suppression, advocated parliamentary after the First World War had broken out? Order of Hibernians (AOH) known as the in the army. Only two surveillance, and abstention in this period. In a climate where all sorts of activities Irish American Alliance. Whereas the better female members, Constance infiltration of these However, the term from eating seed potatoes to lighting known and more populous AOH ‘Bord of Markievicz and Margaret features regularly in bonfires were outlawed, the relative lack of Éireann’ was a key part of the Home Rule Skinnider, played full private armies can often police reports and Under suppression, surveillance, and infiltration electoral and constituency machine, the combatant roles during the appear remarkable to Secretary’s dossiers during of these private armies can often appear AOH IAA had, as its name suggests, links Rising with others confined the war years with reference remarkable to modern observers. to radical Irish America. Around 20 of the to cook or messenger duties. modern observers to advanced nationalism CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 >>> 29 October 2015 I Irish Independent Irish Independent 1916 Collection | 5 KEYNOTE Assembling armies and acquiring arms >>> CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5 Assembling young men and women willing to become members of these paramilitary organisations was one thing, the acquisition of arms was quite another. After spectacular large scale arms importations by the UVF and Irish Volunteers prior to the declaration of war, a steady stream of rifles continued to be acquired by nationalists through various methods after the First World War broke out.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Volunteers in Kilkenny 1914 to 1916
    1 The Volunteers in Kilkenny 1914 to 1916 On Sunday November 23rd 1913, the Annual Manchester Martyrs Commemoration was held in Kilkenny to commemorate three Fenians hanged in 1867. There was a procession from The Parade to St. Patrick’s Cemetery, with members of clubs and societies in the City, and three bands: St. Patrick’s Brass and Reed Band, St. Rioch’s Fife and Drum Band, and the Kilkenny Warpipers’ Band. An oration was delivered in The Assembly Room of the Town Hall by Bulmer Hobson. He laid out for his audience the arguments advanced by Eoin Mac Néill for setting up a volunteer force. Home Rule was being prevented by the Ulster Volunteers and the Irish People were being pushed to the wall because they were not armed. On Tuesday of that week, there was going to be a monster meeting of the citizens of Dublin to form National Volunteers to work and, if necessary, fight for Home Rule. As he had predicted the meeting packed the Rotunda Rink, with four thousand inside and thousands more outside. The date was November 25th 1913. It was March 5th 1914 before a meeting in the City Hall Kilkenny decided to set up a local Volunteer Movement. The speakers were Thomas McDonagh and Sir Roger Casement. McDonagh, in his speech referred to his time teaching in Kilkenny. “Twelve years ago he came to Kilkenny and it was in the National Spirit of this town that he first learned what it was to feel the patriotism of an Irishman.” Local IRB members had got instructions from Dublin to capture as many positions as possible in the local volunteer organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Secret Societies and the Easter Rising
    Dominican Scholar Senior Theses Student Scholarship 5-2016 The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising Sierra M. Harlan Dominican University of California https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 Survey: Let us know how this paper benefits you. Recommended Citation Harlan, Sierra M., "The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising" (2016). Senior Theses. 49. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 This Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Dominican Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Dominican Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POWER OF A SECRET: SECRET SOCIETIES AND THE EASTER RISING A senior thesis submitted to the History Faculty of Dominican University of California in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts in History by Sierra Harlan San Rafael, California May 2016 Harlan ii © 2016 Sierra Harlan All Rights Reserved. Harlan iii Acknowledgments This paper would not have been possible without the amazing support and at times prodding of my family and friends. I specifically would like to thank my father, without him it would not have been possible for me to attend this school or accomplish this paper. He is an amazing man and an entire page could be written about the ways he has helped me, not only this year but my entire life. As a historian I am indebted to a number of librarians and researchers, first and foremost is Michael Pujals, who helped me expedite many problems and was consistently reachable to answer my questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Claremen & Women in the Great War 1914-1918
    Claremen & Women in The Great War 1914-1918 The following gives some of the Armies, Regiments and Corps that Claremen fought with in WW1, the battles and events they died in, those who became POW’s, those who had shell shock, some brothers who died, those shot at dawn, Clare politicians in WW1, Claremen courtmartialled, and the awards and medals won by Claremen and women. The people named below are those who partook in WW1 from Clare. They include those who died and those who survived. The names were mainly taken from the following records, books, websites and people: Peadar McNamara (PMcN), Keir McNamara, Tom Burnell’s Book ‘The Clare War Dead’ (TB), The In Flanders website, ‘The Men from North Clare’ Guss O’Halloran, findagrave website, ancestry.com, fold3.com, North Clare Soldiers in WW1 Website NCS, Joe O’Muircheartaigh, Brian Honan, Kilrush Men engaged in WW1 Website (KM), Dolores Murrihy, Eric Shaw, Claremen/Women who served in the Australian Imperial Forces during World War 1(AI), Claremen who served in the Canadian Forces in World War 1 (CI), British Army WWI Pension Records for Claremen in service. (Clare Library), Sharon Carberry, ‘Clare and the Great War’ by Joe Power, The Story of the RMF 1914-1918 by Martin Staunton, Booklet on Kilnasoolagh Church Newmarket on Fergus, Eddie Lough, Commonwealth War Grave Commission Burials in County Clare Graveyards (Clare Library), Mapping our Anzacs Website (MA), Kilkee Civic Trust KCT, Paddy Waldron, Daniel McCarthy’s Book ‘Ireland’s Banner County’ (DMC), The Clare Journal (CJ), The Saturday Record (SR), The Clare Champion, The Clare People, Charles E Glynn’s List of Kilrush Men in the Great War (C E Glynn), The nd 2 Munsters in France HS Jervis, The ‘History of the Royal Munster Fusiliers 1861 to 1922’ by Captain S.
    [Show full text]
  • Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising
    Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons War and Society (MA) Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-20-2019 Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising Sasha Conaway Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses Part of the Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Conaway, Sasha. Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising. 2019. Chapman University, MA Thesis. Chapman University Digital Commons, https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000079 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in War and Society (MA) Theses by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising A Thesis by Sasha Conaway Chapman University Orange, CA Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in War and Society May 2019 Committee in Charge Jennifer Keene, Ph.D., Chair Charissa Threat, Ph.D. John Emery, Ph. D. May 2019 Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising Copyright © 2019 by Sasha Conaway iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my parents, Elda and Adam Conaway, for supporting me in pursuit of my master’s degree. They provided useful advice when tackling such a large project and I am forever grateful. I would also like to thank my advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumann Na Mban: During the Easter Rising
    Cumann na mBan: During the Easter Rising Dylan Savoie Junior Division Individual Documentary Process Paper: 500 words Once I learned about National History Day, I immediately wanted to do something related to my Irish heritage seeing as my mother was born in Ireland. In my research, I found the Easter Rising. Now that I had narrowed my selection down, I began to dig deeper, and I came across an Irish women's group, Cumann na mBan, that helped greatly in the Rising but has gone largely unnoticed in history. I tried to have a wide range of research. First, I began by searching for a video about Cumann na mBan. I had found an RTE documentary on the Easter Rising of 1916. It was in that documentary that I came across Fr. Oliver Rafferty, a professor at Boston College. I was able to obtain his email address, contact him, and we had a phone interview. I searched websites and books at my local and Boston Public Library, taking notes and citing them in Noodletools as I went. The Burns Library at Boston College has the most extensive Irish History collection outside of Ireland, so in January, I went there too and was able to obtain many primary sources. In February, I went to Boston College and interviewed Fr. Rafferty in person. I was able to talk with him and combine what I had learned in my research to understand my topic in more depth than I had before. After I collected my research, I decided that my project would be best represented in the form of a documentary.
    [Show full text]
  • The War Poet - Francis Ledwidge
    Volume XXXIX, No. 7 • September (Fómhair), 2013 The War Poet - Francis Ledwidge .........................................................................................................On my wall sits a batik by my old Frank fell in love with Ellie Vaughey, one looked at familiar things seen thus for friend, Donegal artist Fintan Gogarty, with the sister of his friend, Paddy. Of her, he the first time. I wrote to him greeting him a mountain and lake scene. Inset in the would write, as a true poet, which indeed he was . .” piece is a poem, “Ardan Mor.” The poem “I wait the calling of the orchard maid, Frank was also involved in the arts in reads, Only I feel that she will come in blue, both Dublin and Slane. He was involved As I was climbing Ardan Mór With yellow on her hair, and two curls in many aspects of the local community From the shore of Sheelin lake, strayed and was a natural leader and innovator. He I met the herons coming down Out of her comb's loose stocks, and I founded the Slane Drama Group in which Before the water’s wake. shall steal he was actor and producer. And they were talking in their flight Behind and lay my hands upon her eyes.” In 1913, Ledwidge would form a branch Of dreamy ways the herons go At the same time, the poetry muse of the Irish Volunteers, or Óglaigh na When all the hills are withered up encompassed the being of young Frank. hÉireann. The Volunteers included members Nor any waters flow. He would write poems constantly, and in of the Gaelic League, Ancient Order of The words are by Francis Ledwidge, an 1912, mailed a number of them to Lord Hibernians and Sinn Féin, as well as mem- Irish poet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Main Sites of Activity During the Rising. Co. Galway the Irish
    7.0 The Main Sites of Activity During the Rising. 7.14 Co. Galway The Irish Volunteers were well represented in Co. Galway since the early days of the organisation. Liam Mellows, a member of the provisional committee, worked assiduously at organising and training the force throughout the county. As the date for the Rising approached, however, he was in England under an exclusion order arising from his para-military activities, but James Connolly arranged for his daughter Nora to go to England and convey him back to Co. Galway, disguised as a priest. The Irish Volunteers in the county were relatively strong in numbers but were poorly armed, their total number of rifles numbering little more than 100. The IRB Military Council seems to have had considerable regard for the Co. Galway Volunteers: it planned to address the matter of the arms deficit by dispatching a substantial quantity of the proposed German arms from the Aud by train from Tralee to Limerick and onwards to various points in the county. But the arms did not materialize and MacNeill’s countermand resulted in a much smaller turn-out then might otherwise have been the case. Nevertheless, when news of the Rising reached Galway on Easter Monday, Mellows managed to mobilize a large force, some sources estimating it at between 500 and 1,000, which seems unlikely as the total strength of the Irish Volunteers at the time was little more than 10,000, of whom almost 3,000 were in Dublin; also many of those in Co. Galway would, presumably, not have mobilised for one reason or another.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Sinn Féin
    UNDERSTANDING 1917 AND BEYOND THE RISE OF SINN FÉIN THE RISE OF SINN FÉIN Sinn Féin, as a political entity, was founded on 28th November 1905 at the first annual convention of the National Council. Based on policies he had previously written about in The Resurrection of Hungary (1904), Arthur Griffith presented a detailed programme that would be later published as ‘The Sinn Féin Policy’. THE SINN FÉIN POLICY 'Sinn Féin' began life as a slogan, used by many Irish nationalists and organisations – it is believed that it originates from an early motto of the Gaelic League: ‘Sinn féin, sinn féin amháain’, meaning ‘Ourselves, ourselves alone’. Arthur Griffith - a well known journalist and nationalist - then adopted this slogan to describe his policy that would go on to become the foundation of Sinn Féin. Formally a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), Griffith began to oppose their more radical aims. Griffith believed that Ireland could not win independence through physical means, nor was he fully convinced that self-governance could be achieved politically. Arthur Griffith Griffith was a journalist and Irish Instead, Griffith urged a policy ofpassive resistance: refusal to pay taxes, Nationalist who gained fame boycotting of British goods as part of a wider plan to make Ireland self for his political writings and sufficient, creating independent Irish courts, the establishment of a National later, his political career. Griffith Council in Ireland and Irish MPs withdrawing from Westminster (abstention). was instrumental in the founda- As part of his policy, Griffith also supported thedual monarchy approach: tion of a number of national- that Ireland should become its own kingdom alongside Britain, with the two ist organisations, newspapers forming a dual monarchy – a shared monarch with two separate governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Together by NICK LYNE Senior Staff Writer, FIRST
    IRELAND Remembering together BY NICK LYNE SENIOR STAFF WRITER, FIRST his year marks the 100th anniversary of the Irish dead of the First World War. Mrs McAleese Remembering the start of the First World War, and has worked tirelessly over the last two decades to use the the British government has said that Irish memory of the First World War as a way to find the First commemorations over the next four years common ground, and thus common feeling, between willT reflect the fact that some 200,000 Irish soldiers nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland. In this World War participated in the conflict, of whom at least 30,000 context, Mrs McAleese and the Queen had already never returned home. appeared together in public at the opening of the cross- has obliged The commemoration will build on tributes dating community Island of Ireland Peace Tower at Messines in back to 1996 that have provided the occasion for further Belgium in 1998. The park, the brainchild of two retired the Irish to reconciliation between Britain and Ireland, as well as politicians, Glen Barr from Northern Ireland and Paddy between the different communities within Ireland. Harte from the Republic of Ireland, is to promote peace reaccess During her historic visit to Ireland in 2011, Queen in Ireland by commemorating the men and women Elizabeth laid wreathes at the Garden of Remembrance from the Island of Ireland who lost their lives during the how the war in Parnell Square in Dublin and the National War First World War. The park is divided into four sections Memorial at Islandbridge on May 18.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jri^H Volunteers Delicacy of the Irish Party's Prevented the ' I R ^
    12 TH E IRISH VOLUNTFER. tosttor Kettle. e \ -M l'.; prafasagr Thomas cx-non.&immiasiciued officers at the regular MacOoaougb, of the National University, army, aad « tw « tlensiud W-soldiexs ere and Professor Eoin MncNelH, Vice-Presi­ drilling with the reenittg fa different pans dent of the Gaelic League. The extreme of the country, The Jri^h Volunteers delicacy of the Irish Party's prevented the ' i r ^ - . leaders from taking any part In the for­ NatJoaalftl Women's Auxiliary mation dI the Volunteers, Iwit they have, Movcment. never spoken against the movement, and the main body ot ijteir supporters in Ire land have enlisted In its ranks. Doth Pro­ The women have farmed an qinrfliaty fessor MacXetll and Mr Laurence J Kettle, movement, and among ttu prominewi From the Exile’s Pointof View the two secretaries of the organisation, ara ladies interested at* Miss Agnes O'Fstri-— devoted followers of Mr Redmond and the telly, M.A. ; Mrs T 11 Kettle, Mr* Psd- Irish Party. Mr kettle is the brother of raic Colum, Countess Mariicvica, Miss Prof. T M K ettle, and the eon of Mr. Gavan Duffy, and Mrs Wyse Power. The Lady Mayoress of Dublin sent a letter of The Irish Volunteer movement, unknown Andrew Kettle, the Land League veteran. support to tba IcBugut&l uiftticg. up to a few months ago, has of late as­ Garrison Means Unionism. Uolonel Moore, lately attached to head­ sumed gigantic proportions and has spread quarters staff, has seen service with the The word "garrison” in Ireland has like wildfire throughout the whole of the Connaught It auger a, and Is a scion of a Singers and 8e*r.^ come to be synonymous with Unionism.
    [Show full text]
  • Belgian Refugees, Prisoners-Of-War, Enemy Aliens and War Casualties
    ¿ .ö . I p National University of Ireland Maynooth THE IRISH HOME FRONT 1914-18 WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE TREATMENT OF BELGIAN REFUGEES, PRISONERS-OF-WAR, ENEMY ALIENS AND WAR CASUALTIES. by CLARE O’NEILL THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Supervisor of Research: Dr Filipe Meneses October 2006 Contents Contents i Acknowledgements iii Abbreviations iv Introduction 1 Memory and remembrance 7 Wartime mobilisation 16 Purpose of the thesis and methodology 18 Chapter 1 - Ireland at the outbreak of war 24 Ireland within the Union 24 Home Rule 25 An Irish refugees support committee 30 Europe erupts 32 Local Government Board 35 Legislating for aliens 37 Laws concerning war wounded and prisoners of war 46 Chapter 2 - Belgian Refugees 52 The formation of the Belgian Refugees Committee in London 54 Belgian Refugees Committee in Ireland 57 The role of the Local Government Board 67 Michel Schepers - The director of Dunshaughlin colony 72 Education and the churches’ response 74 Belgian customs 79 Taking advantage of refugees 80 Recruitment 81 Reasons for supporting Belgian refugees 82 Refugees as Propaganda 83 Chapter 3 Captivity - ‘a side-show story’ 87 Self mobilisation - humanitarian support for aliens 91 Legislation 92 Detention of enemy aliens 94 Military prisoners 103 Departure from Templemore 106 Treatment of aliens 107 Self-interest 109 Case study 1 - Harry Premperl 110 Case Study 2 - Frederick Vogelsang 111 Chapter 4 - War Wounded 115 Transporting the wounded 132 Funding volunteer
    [Show full text]
  • The Irish Volunteers in North Co. Dublin, 1913-17
    Title The Irish Volunteers in north Co. Dublin, 1913-17 By Peter Francis Whearity SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MA IN LOCAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Supervisor of research: Dr Terence A. Dooley December 2011 Contents Page Illustrations iii Abbreviations iv Acknowledgment v Map 1 specifically made for this study vi Map 2 Ordnance Survey of Ireland, Townland Index, for County Dublin vii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The formation of the Irish Volunteer movement 10 Chapter 2 The National Volunteer movement 28 Chapter 3 The Redmondite-split and its aftermath 47 Chapter 4 The 1916 Rising in north County Dublin 68 Chapter 5 The aftermath of the Rising 88 Conclusion 111 Appendix 121 Bibliography 134 List of Tables Table 1 Irish Volunteer companies formed in north County Dublin up to 11 June 1914 27 Table 2 Irish national Volunteer companies formed after 11 June 1914 45 Table 3 National Volunteer companies at the time of the Redmondite-split 58 Table 4 County Dublin Volunteer membership figures for the period beginning July 1914, until Apr. 1916 67 Table 5 Places in north County Dublin from where arrested men came from after the Rising 90 i Table 6 Age profiles of north County Dublin men arrested after the Rising 92 Table 7 Marital status of north County Dublin men arrested after the 1916 Rising 93 Table 8 Occupational profiles of north County Dublin men arrested after the Rising 94 Table 9 Category A prisoners from north County Dublin after the Rising 96 Table 10 Category B prisoners from north County Dublin after the Rising 97 Table 11 Category C prisoners from north County Dublin after the Rising 98 Table 12 Classification of arrested north County Dublin men on R.I.C.
    [Show full text]