Douglas-Fir, Rocky Mountain

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Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir slide 74a 40% slide 74b 380% slide 74d 340% III-153 Rocky Mountain Environmental Requirements Douglas-fir Soils Soil Texture - Prefers well-drained, moist loams. (Pseudotsuga menziesii Soil pH - 5.5 to 7.5. var. glauca) Windbreak Suitability Group - 1, 3. Cold Hardiness General Description USDA Zone 3. A large forest tree native to the Rocky Mountains. Very Water important tree in the lumber industry. Merits further Prefers adequate moisture to do well. Does not withstand testing for adaptability to the Northern Plains environ- ponding. Planting near Bowman, North Dakota, has ment. The largest tree in North Dakota is 69 feet tall with survived drought of the 1980s. a canopy spread of 24 feet. Light Leaves and Buds Full sun. Bud Arrangement - Whorls. Bud Color - Shining chestnut brown, mostly resinous Uses at base. Bud Size - 1/2 inch long, ovoid-conical, apex sharp- Conservation/Windbreaks pointed, imbricate. Medium to tall conifer for farmstead windbreaks. Leaf Type and Shape - Flat needles arranged spirally, Hardy seed sources currently under evaluation. attached to twigs singly. Wildlife Leaf Margins - Straight, smooth. Red grouse, crossbill, pine siskin, mice and shrews utilize Leaf Surface - Smooth, flattened. seeds. Antelope, deer, elk, mountain goats, and mountain Leaf Length - 1 to 1½ inches. sheep feed on twigs and foliage. Leaf Width - Needles. Agroforestry Products Leaf Color - Dark blue-green above, with 2 white bands Wood - Joinery, plywood, flooring, sleepers, construction of stomata beneath. lumber. Important Christmas tree since it retains its Flowers and Fruits needles better than true firs and spruce. Flower Type - Monoecious, on two year old wood. Medicinal - Used to treat mouth sores. Flower Color - Male flowers, rose-red. Urban/Recreational Fruit Type - Oval cones, pendulous, 2 to 4 inches long, Useful for specimen, group, and mass plantings. readily identified by their three-lobed bracts which extend beyond the cone scales. Cultivated Varieties Fruit Color - Purplish-green cones ripen to brown, Upright Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ‘Fastigiata’) - seed color brown. A narrow, erect selection. Nice specimen in McCrory Gardens, SDSU, Brookings, South Dakota. Form Growth Habit - Pyramidal, with stiff straight branches; Related Species the lower drooping, the upper ascending, dense in youth becoming open with age. Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) Texture - Medium, summer and winter. Black Hills Spruce (Picea glauca var. densata) Crown Height - 40 to 70 feet. Colorado Spruce (Picea pungens) Crown Width - 20 to 30 feet. White Fir (Abies concolor) Bark Color - Yellowish-green initially becoming gray to brown. On young stems smooth except for resin blisters; Pests mature trunks divided into thick reddish-brown ridges No major pests in North Dakota. separated by deep irregular fissures, bark becomes thick. Root System - Fibrous spreading. III-154.

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Psme 46 Douglas-Fir-Incense
PSME 46 DOUGLAS-FIR-INCENSE-CEDAR/PIPER'S OREGONGRAPE Pseudotsuga menziesii-Calocedrus decurrens/Berberis piperiana PSME-CADE27/BEPI2 (N=18; FS=18) Distribution. This Association occurs on the Applegate, Ashland, and Prospect Ranger Districts, Rogue River National Forest, and the Tiller and North Umpqua Ranger Districts, Umpqua National Forest. It may also occur on the Butte Falls Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest and adjacent Bureau of Land Management lands. Distinguishing Characteristics. This is a drier, cooler Douglas-fir association. White fir is frequently present, but with relatively low covers. Piper's Oregongrape and poison oak, dry site indicators, are also frequently present. Soils. Parent material is mostly schist, welded tuff, and basalt, with some andesite, diorite, and amphibolite. Average surface rock cover is 8 percent, with 8 percent gravel. Soils are generally deep, but may be moderately deep, with an average depth of greater than 40 inches. PSME 47 Environment. Elevation averages 3000 feet. Aspects vary. Slope averages 35 percent and ranges between 12 and 62 percent. Slope position ranges from the upper one-third of the slope down to the lower one-third of the slope. This Association may also occur on benches and narrow flats. Vegetation Composition and Structure. Total species richness is high for the Series, averaging 44 percent. The overstory is dominated by Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine, with sugar pine and incense-cedar common associates. Douglas-fir dominates the understory. Incense-cedar, white fir, and Pacific madrone frequently occur, generally with covers greater than 5 percent. Sugar pine is common. Frequently occurring shrubs include Piper's Oregongrape, baldhip rose, poison oak, creeping snowberry, and Pacific blackberry.
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