Lymph Drainage.Indd

The Lymph Drainage System Simplified diagram of the most important anatomical areas Epidermis with blood E AF Initial lymph vessel capillary loop and an AF E Phase of opening initial lymph vessel IF (Magnification) L CP E Endothelial cells AF Anchor filaments BK Blood capillary IF IF Inflow of interstitial fluid IL Initial lymph vessel AF L Outflow direction of lymph CP Corium papilla IF E AF L BK IL E Lymph capillary network 1 Lymph vessels (green) 1 Lymph capillary (initial lymph vessel) 1 2 Precollector 3 Lymph collector (lymphatic ducts) 4 Deep lymph vessels SP 5 Lymphangion 2 6 Lymphatic trunk 7 Confluence (Junction) of the lymphatic trunks in the veins 8 Afferent lymph vessel 9 Efferent lymph vessel D Blood Vessels (veins = blue, arteries = red) C 10 Superficial vein 11 Superficial artery 12 Deep veins 13 Deep artery 10 14 Blood vessels of the musculature 15 Blood vessels of the lymph node 11 S F 3 3 14 4 3 12 13 12 13 M Lymph capillary network 12 MS 5 Pulmonary circulation V V MS 6 7 5 Lymphangion 5 8 9 15 8 Systemic circulation C Skin (cutis) 5 RS E Epidermis D Dermis (Corium) S Subcutis Lymphatic node BK M Musculature F Body fascia SF SP Subcutaneous pseudofacia CA 8 SF Outflow of fluid from Lymphangion (longitudinal section) Phase of filling the blood capillaries Green arrow = inflow of lymph Lymphatic node (section) Lymph capillary network V Lymphatic valves (left = open, right = closed) CA Capsule MS Muscle layer RS Marginal sinus SF Secondary follicle BK Blood capillary network of the lymph node 8 Afferent lymph vessel 9 Efferent lymph vessel Conception: Peter D. Asmussen Graphic design: Robert Darroll 15 Blood vessels of the lymph node original original BSN medical Inc., an Essity company original original 5825 Carnegie Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28209-4633 JOBST®, /JOBSTUSA @JOBST_USA an Essity brand Tel. (+1) 704 554 9933 Fax (+1) 800 835 4325 @JOBSTforUSA jobst-usa.com To order toll-free: Tel. (+1) 800 537 1063 52611 R2 ©2018 BSN medical Inc. REV 07/18.

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Why Are Spider Veins of the Legs a Serious and a Dangerous Medical
1 Anti-aging Therapeutics Volume 9–2007 Prevention or Reversal of Deep Venous Insufficiency and Treatment: Why Are Spider Veins of the Legs a Serious and A Dangerous Medical Condition? Imtiaz Ahmad M.D., F.A.C.S a, b, Waheed Ahmad M.D., F.A.C.S c, d a Cardiothoracic and Vascular Associates (Comprehensive Vein Treatment Center), Hamilton, NJ, USA b Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Hamilton, NJ, USA. c Comprehensive Vein Treatment Center of Kentuckiana, New Albany, IN 47150, USA. d Clinical professor of surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. ABSTRACT Spider veins (also known as spider hemangiomas) unlike varicose veins (dilated pre-existing veins) are acquired lesions caused by venous hypertension leading to proliferation of blood vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to the release of endothelial growth factors causing vascular neogenesis. More than 60% of the patients with spider veins of the legs have significant symptoms including pain, itching, burning, swelling, phlebitis, cellulites, bleeding, and ulceration. Untreated spider veins may lead to serious medical complications including superficial and deep venous thrombosis, aggravation of the already established venous insufficiency, hemorrhage, postphlebitic syndrome, chronic leg ulceration, and pulmonary embolism. Untreated spider vein clusters are also responsible for persistent low-grade inflammation; many recent peer- reviewed medical studies have shown a definite association of chronic inflammation with obesity, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. Clusters of spider veins have one or more incompetent perforator veins connected to the deeper veins causing reflux overflow of blood that is responsible for their dilatation and eventual incompetence.
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Testing the Venous Circulation 79
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