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PCAST) June 30, 2020 Meeting Summary of the Meeting of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) June 30, 2020 Meeting Council Members: Present: Kelvin K. Droegemeier, Chair; Catherine Bessant; Shannon D. Blunt; Dorota A. Grejner‐Brzezinska; Dario Gil; Sharon Hrynkow; H. Fisk Johnson; Abraham Loeb; Theresa Mayer; Daniela Rus; A.N. Sreeram; Hussein Tawbi; Shane Wall; K. Birgitta Whaley SPEC Members: Isabel Agundis, Michelle Burbage, Bryan Changala, Dallas Elleman, Savannah Esteve, Katrina Ferrara, Kiyo Fujimoto, Kassandra Grimes, Pippin Payne, Emily Rinko Date and Time: June 30, 2020, 11:00 AM – 3:24 PM Location: Virtual Meeting (Zoom) PCAST Staff: Edward G. McGinnis, PCAST Executive Director, Designated Federal Officer Invited Speakers: Michael Kratsios, Chief Technology Officer of the United States Public Meeting - The session began at 11:00 AM. Welcome and Opening Remarks PCAST Chair Kelvin Droegemeier PCAST Chair, Dr. Kelvin Droegemeier, welcomed PCAST members and guests to the third PCAST Meeting. Droegemeier was joined at the meeting by Mr. Michael Kratsios, Chief Technology Officer of the United States, and Mr. Ed McGinnis, PCAST Executive Director and Designated Federal Officer. McGinnis officially opened the meeting, describing the format of the remote meeting, including that it was being transcribed and recorded, and a public summary of the meeting would be posted on the Department of Energy (DOE) website. Droegemeier extended his thanks to McGinnis, and to the DOE staff who help administer PCAST on behalf of the Executive Office of the President. He welcomed new PCAST members Dr. Theresa Mayer and Dr. Hussein Tawbi to their first meeting since being sworn in as members. He also acknowledged staff of WWC who assist with meeting planning and logistics. Droegemeier stated that the focus of the meeting was to hear presentations from the three subcommittees of PCAST, who have been working towards the goal of releasing a report on strengthening American Leadership in Industries of the Future (IOTF), a key Administration priority. He welcomed the newest PCAST members, Dr. Daniela Rus and Dr. Abraham (Avi) Loeb, and stated that three additional members were expected soon. He then proceeded to swear in Rus and Loeb. At 11:06 AM, Daniela Rus and Abraham Loeb were sworn in as PCAST members. Droegemeier thanked Rus and Loeb for their willingness to serve the President and the country, and expressed excitement to work with them. He noted that the National Science Board (NSB) Liaisons to PCAST were also present at the virtual meeting, and that PCAST member Dr. Dario Gil would soon be departing PCAST to become a member of the NSB. Droegemeier thanked Gil for his service to PCAST, noting that PCAST would continue to work with him in its ongoing interactions with NSB. Droegemeier shared an update on recent White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) activities on research security, launched 13 months prior under the National Science and Technology Council’s Joint Committee on the Research Enterprise (JCORE) Subcommittee on Research Security. The week prior, he’d made a presentation to the Federal Demonstration Partnership on research security challenges the Nation faces, including tactics being used by other countries to undermine the U.S. research enterprise, and actions taken by the Federal Government in coordination with parts of the research enterprise to balance protection of U.S. research assets with maintaining the openness critical to advance U.S. research interests. He said the slides from the presentation are available online, and they will be provided to researchers as an educational tool. He noted that policy recommendations and guidance documents for universities were expected soon. Droegemeier invited Kratsios to share remarks. Remarks from Michael Kratsios, Chief Technology Officer of the United States Chief Technology Officer of the United States, Mr. Michael Kratsios, expressed enthusiasm to hear PCAST’s recommendations on advancing American leadership in the industries of the future, preparing the Nation’s STEM workforce, and supercharging U.S. Federal and National Laboratories. He noted that the IOTF have been a top administration priority since 2017, highlighting the launch of the American AI Initiative, the National Quantum Initiative, the National Strategy to Secure 5G, and the National Strategy for American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing. In addition, DOE, National Science Foundation (NSF), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are in various stages of establishing new artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum research centers and consortia. The Administration has worked to develop and guide pro‐innovation regulatory agendas for AI technology, commercial drones, supersonic aircraft, and autonomous vehicles; the President has announced a commitment to double AI and quantum research and development (R&D) spending over the next two years. Kratsios expressed confidence that PCAST’s recommendations would build upon and complement these robust, ongoing activities. He provided an update on several OSTP‐led private‐public sector initiatives to harness emerging technologies in the fight against COVID‐19. In March of 2020, the President launched the COVID‐19 High Performance Computing Consortium, spearheaded by the Administration, DOE, NSF, and IBM (now grown to over 40 consortium members and 67 active research projects), bringing the world’s most powerful supercomputers to tackle COVID‐19 research. In addition, a multisector partnership led to the release of CORD‐19, the world’s largest machine‐readable dataset on COVID‐19 publications. This was followed‐up with a call to action to develop new AI tools and techniques to mine the dataset, which has since grown to more than 167,000 scholarly articles, with nearly 2 million views and 80,000 downloads, and yielded more than 1,500 AI tools and techniques. He noted that the COVID‐19 pandemic has illustrated the imperative of advancing the IOTF for both the Nation’s long‐term economic prosperity and national security, and the commitment of the Administration to supporting and working alongside the multi‐sector U.S. R&D enterprise. Agenda Item: Chris Liddell, Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Coordination Unable to join the meeting. Droegemeier thanked Kratsios for his work and the update. He took a moment to acknowledge those who provided support to PCAST subcommittees throughout their work, including research staff from the IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI), the NSB Liaisons to the PCAST subcommittees, immediate past NSB Chair Dr. Diane Souvaine and current NSB Chair Dr. Ellen Ochoa and NSB for their support of NSB‐PCAST collaborations, and PCAST Executive Director Mr. Ed McGinnis. Droegemeier invited PCAST subcommittee chairs to present the outcomes of their work.1 Report out from Subcommittee on an American Action Plan for Global Leadership in Industries of the Future (IOTF) Subcommittee Chair: Darío Gil Subcommittee Chair, Dr. Dario Gil, began by acknowledging the Subcommittee members, OSTP Subject Matter Expert (SME) Dr. Lynne Parker, STPI staff, and NSB Liaisons Dr. Suresh Garimella and Dr. Daniel Reed. He thanked the many leaders from NSF, DOE, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and other agencies who contributed their time and expertise to inform the Subcommittee in its recommendations. The Subcommittee’s charge was to collaborate on an action plan for ensuring American leadership in the IOTF (i.e., quantum information science [QIS], AI, advanced wireless communications, advanced manufacturing, and biotechnology), and identify recommendations for bridging critical gaps and to augment and strengthen existing Federal actions, such as those described by Kratsios. He noted the critical importance of IOTF for driving economic growth and employment, and meeting future global health challenges. The group’s recommendations focused on AI and quantum computing, highlighting opportunities at their convergence with classical computing for solving problems previously thought unsolvable. Gil noted that these technologies could accelerate the design of new drugs, vaccines, and materials, with the potential to strengthen pandemic response, manufacturing competitiveness, and the agricultural sector. Gil noted that maintaining leadership in these areas is not assured, but rather it requires quick and decisive action, in particular to ensure an AI‐ and QIS‐capable workforce. He said that, while the field of AI has been around since the 1950s, in the last decade AI has become one of the most important technologies of the era, powered by exponential growth in computing power and the increasing availability of data. AI has had an important role in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic, for example in support of knowledge capture about the virus and for designing and screening molecules as drug candidates for SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment. He suggested that the United States is at a critical juncture for maintaining leadership in AI, identifying a need to increase investment and restructure multisector partnerships and address skill shortages in the workforce. He went on to describe the Subcommittee’s proposed recommendations for AI. 1 These proposed recommendations were adopted by PCAST at the close of the meeting and subsequently published online. This meeting summary provides highlights of the presentations and discussion; full details of these recommendations,
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