RNA Stem Structure Governs Coupling of Dicing and Gene Silencing in RNA
RNA stem structure governs coupling of dicing and PNAS PLUS gene silencing in RNA interference Hye Ran Koha,b,1, Amirhossein Ghanbariniakia,c,d, and Sua Myonga,c,d,1 aDepartment of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; bDepartment of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; cInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801; and dCenter for Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Edited by Brenda L. Bass, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved October 13, 2017 (received for review June 8, 2017) PremicroRNAs (premiRNAs) possess secondary structures consist- coworkers (20), but its relationship to the silencing efficiency has ing of a loop and a stem with multiple mismatches. Despite the not been tested. While the effect of mismatches between the well-characterized RNAi pathway, how the structural features of guide strand and target mRNA has been extensively studied (21– premiRNA contribute to dicing and subsequent gene-silencing 24), the effect of mismatch between guide and passenger strand efficiency remains unclear. Using single-molecule FISH, we dem- has not been systematically examined. onstrate that cytoplasmic mRNA, but not nuclear mRNA, is reduced We sought to study how different structural features found in during RNAi. The dicing rate and silencing efficiency both increase premiRNAs and presiRNAs modulate overall gene-silencing in a correlated manner as a function of the loop length. In contrast, efficiency by measuring two key steps in the RNAi pathway: (i) mismatches in the stem drastically diminish the silencing efficiency dicing kinetics to measure how quickly premiRNA or presiRNA without impacting the dicing rate.
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