DOCSLIB.ORG

Processing Speed and the Relationship Between Trail Making Test-B Performance, Cortical Thinning and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Processing Speed and the Relationship Between Trail Making Test-B Performance, Cortical Thinning and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults Edinburgh Research Explorer Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults Citation for published version: MacPherson, SE, Cox, SR, Dickie, DA, Karama, S, Starr, JM, Evans, AC, Bastin, ME, Wardlaw, JM & Deary, IJ 2017, 'Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults', Cortex, vol. 95, pp. 92-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.021 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.021 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Cortex General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 cortex 95 (2017) 92e103 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cortex Research report Processing speed and the relationship between Trail Making Test-B performance, cortical thinning and white matter microstructure in older adults * Sarah E. MacPherson a,b, , Simon R. Cox a,b,c, David A. Dickie c,d, Sherif Karama e,f, John M. Starr a,g, Alan C. Evans e, Mark E. Bastin a,c,d, Joanna M. Wardlaw a,c,d and Ian J. Deary a,b a Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK b Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK c Scottish Imaging Network, a Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK d Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK e Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada f Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada g Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK article info abstract Article history: Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT-B) is widely used as a quick and easy to administer Received 8 July 2016 measure of executive dysfunction. The current study investigated the relationships be- Reviewed 5 September 2016 tween TMT-B performance, brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter water Revised 14 January 2017 diffusion characteristics in a large sample of older participants, before and after controlling Accepted 1 August 2017 for processing speed. Four hundred and eleven healthy, community-dwelling older adults Action editor Stefan Schweinberger who were all born in 1936 were assessed on TMT-B, 5 tests of processing speed, and pro- Published online 9 August 2017 vided contemporaneous structural and diffusion MRI data. Significant relationships were found between slower TMT-B completion times and thinner cortex in the frontal, temporal Keywords: and inferior parietal regions as well as the Sylvian fissure/insula. Slower TMT-B completion Aging time was also significantly associated with poorer white matter microstructure of the left Executive function anterior thalamic radiation, and the right uncinate fasciculus. The majority of these as- Neuroimaging sociations were markedly attenuated when additionally controlling for processing speed. Processing speed These data suggest that individual differences in processing speed contribute to the as- Trail Making Test sociations between TMT-B completion time and the grey and white matter structure of older adults. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). * Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, PPLS, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.E. MacPherson). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.021 0010-9452/© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/). cortex 95 (2017) 92e103 93 behavioural, cognitive experimental and psychophysical 1. Introduction measures (Deary et al., 2007). In addition, given that some of these processing speed measures might arguably involve The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most commonly more complex decision-making, more akin to executive abil- used tests of executive function in clinical neuropsychological ities, we also derived a simple processing speed factor. We assessment (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001; Lezak, 1995; Reitan examine the extent to which these two simple and complex & Wolfson, 1993). Part A is administered as a baseline measure processing speed measures influence the relationship of TMT- of motor and visual search speed, whereas Part B is adminis- B completion time with cortical thickness and white matter tered as a measure of set-shifting and inhibition (Arbuthnott microstructure. & Frank, 2000; Glascher€ et al., 2012; Kortte, Horner, & Windham, 2002; Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006). Poor performance on TMT-B is often associated with lesions in the 2. Methods dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Davidson, Gao, Mason, & Winocur, Anderson, 2008; Moll, de Oliveira-Souza, Moll, 2.1. Participants Bramati, & Andreiuolo, 2002; Stuss et al., 2001; Yochim, Baldo, & & Nelson, Delis, 2007; Zakzanis, Mraz, Graham, 2005) and Participants were from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 € the anterior cingulate (Glascher et al., 2012), although signifi- (LBC1936), a longitudinal study of aging of individuals all born ' cant differences between frontal and non-frontal patients in 1936 and living mainly in the Edinburgh and Lothians region & TMT-B performance are not always found (Reitan Wolfson, of Scotland, UK (Deary, Gow, Pattie, & Starr, 2012; Deary et al., 1995; Tamez et al., 2011; Chan et al., 2015; see Demakis, 2004, 2007). Participants first had cognitive and other data measured for a meta-analysis). at Wave 1 at age ~70 years between 2004 and 2007. No partic- TMT performance is found to decline, on average, in ipant had a diagnosis of dementia at entry. Wave 2 testing was & healthy aging (Giovagnoli et al., 1996; Hamdan Hamdan, carried out 3 years later. Wave 1 data are not reported as there & 2009; Hashimoto et al., 2006; Hester, Kinsella, Ong, was no neuroimaging at Wave 1, and TMT was not adminis- ~ McGregor, 2005; Perianez et al., 2007; Seo et al., 2006) with tered during Waves 1 or 2. At Wave 3, participants attended performance on TMT-B declining significantly more than cognitive testing and underwent brain MRI at ~76 years. For & TMT-A in older adults (Drane, Yuspeh, Huthwaite, Klingler, the present study, 411 participants (219 males, 192 females) & 2002; Rasmusson, Zonderman, Kawas, Resnick, 1998). Age- were included who had performed the TMT-B, had brain MRI related decline in TMT performance has been associated data, achieved a score of 24 or greater on the Mini-Mental State with poorer grey matter volume in the dorsolateral and Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975), and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, had a score of less than 11 on the depression subscale of the frontal pole, right inferior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe, insular Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Snaith, 2003)atWave cortex, caudate, globus pallidus, posterior parietal lobe, oc- 3. Cognitive testing and MRI scanning were undertaken on cipital cortex and the cerebellum (Newman, Trivedi, Bendlin, separate occasions with four participants attending their brain & Ries, Johnson, 2007; Pa et al., 2010; Ruscheweyh et al., MRI scan first (lag ¼ 39.40 days, SD ¼ 30.74, range ¼36 to 320). 2013). In terms of white matter microstructural integrity and No participant self-reported a diagnosis of dementia either at TMT performance, while Perry et al. (2009) reported a signifi- entry to LBC1936 or Wave 3 (i.e., their current assessment). No cant association between age and TMT-B performance one had a history of traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain strongly mediated by the effect of age on white matter tumour or other neurological conditions. All participants were microstructure, Koch et al. (2013) found better white matter healthy older adults who were considered able to live inde- microstructure of the body of the corpus callosum was asso- pendently. Study approval was granted by the Lothian ciated with less time needed to complete TMT-A but not Research Ethics Committee (LREC/2003/2/39) and the Multi- TMT-B. Centre Research Ethics Committee for Scotland (MREC/01/0/ Research has shown that processing speed is significantly 56). Written informed consent was obtained from all partici- associated with performance on the TMT-B in older adults pants, and has been kept on file. (Oosterman et al., 2010; Salthouse, 2011a). However, process- ing speed can be assessed in at least three different ways (see 2.2. Cognitive testing Deary, 2000).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Cognitive Abilities Are Involved in Trail-Making Performance?
    Intelligence 39 (2011) 222–232 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Intelligence What cognitive abilities are involved in trail-making performance? Timothy A. Salthouse Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 29904, United States article info abstract Article history: The cognitive abilities involved in the Connections (Salthouse, et al., 2000) version of the trail Received 27 August 2010 making test were investigated by administering the test, along with a battery of cognitive tests Received in revised form 7 January 2011 and tests of complex span and updating conceptualizations of working memory, to a sample of Accepted 4 March 2011 over 3600 adults. The results indicate that this variant of the trail making test largely reflects Available online 30 March 2011 individual differences in speed and fluid cognitive abilities, with the relative contributions of the two abilities varying according to particular measure of performance considered (e.g., Keywords: difference, ratio, or residual). Relations of age on trail making performance were also examined. Neuropsychological assessment Although strong age differences were evident in the Connections and working memory Meaning of tests Working memory measures, with both sets of variables there was nearly complete overlap of the age differences Fluid ability with individual differences in speed and fluid cognitive abilities. Age differences © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Trail making tests have been extensively used in neuro- and Gass (2010). However, most of the studies had limita- psychological assessment (e.g., Butler, Retzlaff & Vander- tions such as weak statistical procedures, a restricted set of ploeg, 1991; Rabin, Barr & Burton, 2005; Sellers & Nadler, other variables, and relatively small samples, many of which 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • CTMT) in Brain Injured Children
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2017 Neurocognitive Correlates of the Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) in Brain Injured Children Abigail Rose Mayfield University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Mayfield, Abigail Rose, "Neurocognitive Correlates of the Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) in Brain Injured Children" (2017). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/10986050 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEUROCOGNITIVE CORRELATES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TRAIL MAKING TEST (CTMT) IN BRAIN INJURED CHILDREN By Abigail Mayfield Bachelor of Science in Psychology Texas State University - San Marcos 2011 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
    [Show full text]
  • Multicomponent Analysis of a Digital Trail Making Test
    THE CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2016.1238510 Multicomponent analysis of a digital Trail Making Test Robert P. Fellowsa, Jessamyn Dahmenb, Diane Cookb and Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombea aDepartment of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; bSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Objective: The purpose of the current study was to use a newly Received 7 May 2016 developed digital tablet-based variant of the TMT to isolate component Accepted 12 September 2016 cognitive processes underlying TMT performance. Method: Similar KEYWORDS to the paper-based trail making test, this digital variant consists Trail Making Test; executive of two conditions, Part A and Part B. However, this digital version functions; speed; medication automatically collects additional data to create component subtest management; inhibition scores to isolate cognitive abilities. Specifically, in addition to the total time to completion and number of errors, the digital Trail Making Test (dTMT) records several unique components including the number of pauses, pause duration, lifts, lift duration, time inside each circle, and time between circles. Participants were community-dwelling older adults who completed a neuropsychological evaluation including measures of processing speed, inhibitory control, visual working memory/sequencing, and set-switching. The abilities underlying TMT performance were assessed through regression analyses of component scores from the dTMT with traditional neuropsychological measures. Results: Results revealed significant correlations between paper and digital variants of Part A (rs = .541, p < .001) and paper and digital versions of Part B (rs = .799, p < .001). Regression analyses with traditional neuropsychological measures revealed that Part A components were best predicted by speeded processing, while inhibitory control and visual/spatial sequencing were predictors of specific components of Part B.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Methods to Evaluate Cognitive Deficits in Commercial Airline Pilots
    Comparing Methods to Evaluate Cognitive Deficits in Commercial Airline Pilots Joshua Potocko, MD/MPH UCSF Occupational and Environmental Medicine Residency 30 Min Background Philosophy Scope Comparisons Evidence Review: Example Questions for the Group BACKGROUND LCDR Joshua R. Potocko, MC (FS/FMF), USN “The views expressed in this presentation reflect the results of research conducted by the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the United States Government.” Potocko’s 6 Proclamations: Certain baseline cognitive functions decline with age. Within an individual, these declines are difficult to predict. Between individuals, different types of decline are variable. Understanding the following are critically important to aviation safety: Age-related declines Temporary disturbances in cognitive function, Stable (or progressive) baseline disturbances due to injury, illness, disease, medication, and substance use. When does cognitive dysfunction become unsafe? Cognitive Function Typical, Normal, Adequate, Average Cognitive Inefficiency Circadian, Fatigue, Mood, Stress Cognitive Deficiency Injury, Illness, Meds, Substances Cognitive Disability Above plus regulatory decisions => requires safety factor Baseline New Baseline Unfit Period Injury Illness Meds Baseline Progressive Decline Age XX? Permanently Unfit Disease? PHILOSOPHY Research Question: What is the “best” way to evaluate cognitive deficits in airline pilots? Best: historical? expert opinion?...or
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Age and Education Level on the Trail Making Test in a Healthy Brazilian Sample Amer C
    PSYCHOLOGY Psychology & Neuroscience, 2009, 2, 2, 199 - 203 NEUROSCIENCE DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2009.2.012 Effects of age and education level on the Trail Making Test in A healthy Brazilian sample Amer C. Hamdan1 and Eli Mara L. R. Hamdan2 1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil 2 Faculdades Integradas do Brasil, Brazil Abstract The Trail Making Test (TMT) has been a useful tool for neuropsychological assessment. The present study analyzed the influence of age and education level on TMT performance in healthy adult Portuguese speakers. The criteria for exclusion were a history of neurological disease, psychiatric illness, substance abuse, learning disabilities, or any other difficulty that may interfere with testing. The sample (n = 318) was divided into four age groups: (i) very young (n = 92; 18-34 years old), (ii) young (n = 66; 35-49 years old), (iii) middle-age (n = 117; 50-64 years old), and (iv) elderly (n = 43; 65-81 years old). The sample was also divided into three education levels: (i) low (2-8 years), (ii) middle (9-11 years), and (iii) high (≥ 12 years). Correlations among the demographic variables and scores on Trails A and B showed that age and education level were the two variables that most affected TMT scores (p < 0.001, analysis of covariance). Post hoc analyses of age did not reveal significant differences between the middle-age and elderly groups in TMT-A performance or between middle and high education level in TMT-A or TMT-B performance. These results are consistent with previous studies and demonstrate that age and education level affect the performance of Brazilian subjects on the TMT.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Age and Performance on the Trail Making Test in a Chilean Population
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND PERFORMANCE ON THE TRAIL MAKING TEST IN A CHILEAN POPULATION Jorge J. Gontier A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington 2008 Approved by Advisory Committee _____Sally J. MacKain_____ _____Richard L. Ogle____ ____Antonio E. Puente, Chair__ Accepted by __________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Neuropsychology and Neuropsychological Testing ....................................................... 1 Trail Making Test ........................................................................................................... 2 Latin American Culture ................................................................................................ 15 The Relationship Between Neuropsychology and Culture........................................... 29 Trail Making Test Across Cultures............................................................................... 38 Neuropsychological Assessment in Chile....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Utility of Cognistat in Multiprofessional Team Evaluations of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in Swedish Primary Care
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Family Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 649253, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/649253 Research Article Clinical Utility of Cognistat in Multiprofessional Team Evaluations of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in Swedish Primary Care Maria M. Johansson,1 Anna S. Kvitting,2 Ewa Wressle,1 and Jan Marcusson1 1 Department of Geriatric Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping¨ University, SE-581 85 Linkoping,¨ Sweden 2 Primary Health Care and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping¨ University, SE-581 85 Linkoping,¨ Sweden Correspondence should be addressed to Maria M. Johansson; [email protected] Received 21 October 2013; Revised 8 January 2014; Accepted 12 February 2014; Published 23 March 2014 Academic Editor: Samuel Y. S. Wong Copyright © 2014 Maria M. Johansson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Diagnostic evaluations of dementia are often performed in primary health care (PHC). Cognitive evaluation requires validated instruments. Objective. Toinvestigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of Cognistat in a primary care population. Methods. Participants were recruited from 4 PHC centres; 52 had cognitive symptoms and 29 were presumed cognitively healthy. Participants were tested using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Cognistat. Clinical diagnoses, based on independent neuropsychological examination and a medical consensus discussion in secondary care, were used as criteria for diagnostic accuracy analyses. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.85, 0.79, 0.85, and 0.79, respectively, for Cognistat; 0.59, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.61 for MMSE; 0.26, 0.88, 0.75, and 0.46 for CDT; 0.70, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.65 for MMSE and CDT combined.
    [Show full text]
  • Rates of Executive Dysfunction in Undergraduate Research Participants
    Modern Psychological Studies Volume 24 Number 1 Article 6 2018 Rates of executive dysfunction in undergraduate research participants Sara K. Pardej Marquette University, [email protected] Morgan E. Nitta Marquette University, [email protected] James B. Hoelzle Marquette University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.utc.edu/mps Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Pardej, Sara K.; Nitta, Morgan E.; and Hoelzle, James B. (2018) "Rates of executive dysfunction in undergraduate research participants," Modern Psychological Studies: Vol. 24 : No. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholar.utc.edu/mps/vol24/iss1/6 This articles is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals, Magazines, and Newsletters at UTC Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern Psychological Studies by an authorized editor of UTC Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Head: RATES OF EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN UNDERGRADUATES 1 Rates of executive dysfunction in undergraduate research participants Sara K. Pardej 706 N 17th St Room 710 Milwaukee, WI 53233 P: (847) 873 3841 [email protected] Morgan E. Nitta James B. Hoelzle Cramer Hall, 317 P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881 P: (414) 288 7773 Marquette University Department of Psychology Cramer Hall, 317 P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881 2 RATES OF EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN UNDERGRADUATES Abstract It is infrequently recognized that healthy individuals occasionally obtain impaired scores on neuropsychological measures. This research was conducted to determine how often healthy undergraduate research participants obtain impaired scores on popular measures of executive functioning.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting and Characterizing Neurodegenerative Subtypes with Multimodal Neurocognitive Signatures of Social and Cognitive Processes
    Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 83 (2021) 227–248 227 DOI 10.3233/JAD-210163 IOS Press Predicting and Characterizing Neurodegenerative Subtypes with Multimodal Neurocognitive Signatures of Social and Cognitive Processes Agust´ın Ibanez˜ a,b,c,d,e,1, Sol Fittipaldib,c,f,1, Catalina Trujillog, Tania Jaramillog, Alejandra Torresg, Juan F. Cardonag, Rodrigo Riverah, Andrea Slachevskyi,j, Adolfo Garc´ıab,c,d,k, Maxime Bertouxl and Sandra Baezm,∗ aLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ib´a˜nez, Santiago, Chile bCognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andr´es, Buenos Aires, Argentina cNational Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina dGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA eGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland f Facultad de Psicolog´ıa, Universidad Nacional de C´ordoba, C´ordoba, Argentina gInstituto de Psicolog´ıa, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia hNeuroradiology Department, Instituto de Neurocirugia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile iGeroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile jNeuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - ICBM, Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile kDepartamento de Ling¨u´ıstica y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile lLille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders (LICEND), CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Universit´e de Lille, Inserm, Lille, France mUniversidad de los Andes, Bogot´a, Colombia Accepted 11 June 2021 Pre-press 15 July 2021 Abstract. Background: Social cognition is critically compromised across neurodegenerative diseases, including the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 7 COGNITION ASSESSMENT and INTERVENTION
    Cognition Assessment and Intervention Chapter 7 COGNITION ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION † MARY VINING RADOMSKI, PHD, OTR/L*; SHARI GOO-YOSHINO, MS ; CAROL SMITH HAMMOND, PHD, CCC/ ‡ § ¥ ¶ SLP ; EMI ISAKI, PHD ; DON MACLENNAN, MA ; R. KEVIN MANNING, PHD ; PAULINE MASHIMA, PHD, CCC/ ** †† ‡‡ §§ SLP ; LINDA M. PICON, MCD, CCC/SLP ; CAROLE R. ROTH, PHD, BC-ANCDS ; AND JOETTE ZOLA, BS, OT INTRODUCTION SECTION 1: ASSESSMENT Introduction Brief Cognitive Assessment Broad Assessment of Cognitive-Linguistic Abilities Domain-Specific Assessments Functional Performance Assessments SECTION 2: INTERVENTION Introduction Overview of Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Methods Clinician Tip Sheet: Principles of Cognitive Rehabilitation Cognitive Intervention Techniques to Promote Patient Engagement, Awareness, and Learning Clinician Tip Sheet: Motivational Interviewing Clinician Tip Sheet: AAA Self-Reflection Form Clinician Tip Sheet: Methods to Promote Compensatory Cognitive Strategy Learning Clinician Tip Sheet: Core Cognitive Strategy Recommendations Grid and Working Log Cognition Education Clinician Tip Sheet: How to Explain Human Information Processing Improving Attention and Speed of Processing Clinician Tip Sheet: Inventory of Attention/Speed-of-Processing Difficulties 175 Mild TBI Rehabilitation Toolkit Clinician Tip Sheet: Experiencing Attention Levels Clinician Tip Sheet: Overview of Strategies to Cope with Attention and Speed-of-Processing Difficulties Clinician Tip Sheet: Strategies to Improve Attention—Identifying High- and Low-Demand Tasks
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis and Comparison of WMS-III and WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates: Practical Implications for Neuropsychologists
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Theses and Dissertations College of Psychology 2019 An Analysis and Comparison of WMS-III and WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates: Practical Implications for Neuropsychologists Anthony Paul Andrews Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd Part of the Psychology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Andrews, A. P. (2019). An Analysis and Comparison of WMS-III and WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates: Practical Implications for Neuropsychologists. Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/133 This Dissertation is brought to you by the College of Psychology at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WMS-III AND WMS-IV VERBAL PAIRED ASSOCIATES AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF WMS-III AND WMS-IV VERBAL PAIRED ASSOCIATES: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGISTS by Anthony Paul Andrews A Dissertation Presented to the College of Psychology of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY 2019 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my parents, whose love and constant support have been invaluable in my educational success. To Dr. Charles Golden, thank you for always leading by example and for your continued encouragement and commitment to neuropsychological excellence. To the committee members, Dr. Barry Nierenberg and Dr. Barry Schneider, thank you for your helpful feedback and ongoing support throughout the entire dissertation process. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regression-Based Normative Data and Equivalent Scores for Trail Making Test (TMT): an Updated Italian Normative Study
    Neurological Sciences (2019) 40:469–477 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3673-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Regression-based normative data and equivalent scores for Trail Making Test (TMT): an updated Italian normative study Mattia Siciliano1,2 & Carlo Chiorri3 & Valeria Battini3 & Valeria Sant’Elia2 & Manuela Altieri2 & Luigi Trojano 2,4 & Gabriella Santangelo2 Received: 31 July 2018 /Accepted: 29 November 2018 /Published online: 7 December 2018 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2018 Abstract Objectives The Trail Making Test (TMT) is widely used to assess psychomotor speed and attentional set-shifting. Since the regression-based norms and equivalent scores (ESs) for the TMT Italian version trace back to more than 20 years ago, we aimed at providing updated normative data for basic (Part A and Part B) and derived (Score B-A and Score B/A) TMT scores collected in a larger sample with an extended age range. Methods Three hundred fifty-five Italian volunteers stratified for sex (166 men), age decades (age range 20–90 years), and educational level (from primary school to university) completed the TMT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that age and educational level significantly influenced performances on basic and derived TMT scores except for B/A, which was associated only with the educational level. From the derived linear equations, correction grids for basic and derived TMT raw scores were developed. Inferential cutoff scores, estimated using a non-parametric technique, and ES were computed. Basic and derived TMT scores showed a good test–retest reliability (all rs ≥ 0.50); Part B (rs = − 0.48, p <0.001) and Score B-A (rs = − 0.49, p < 0.001) were moderately associated with MoCA total score.
    [Show full text]