August 2020 Alert
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August 2020 Alert Items 1-199 1. The effects of gluten protein substation on chemical structure, crystallinity, and Ca in vitro digestibility of wheat-cassava snacks Food Chem. 2020 Aug 20;339:127875. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127875. Online ahead of print. Authors Asad Nawaz 1 , Ali Hussein Taher Alhilali 2 , Engpeng Li 3 , Ibrahim Khalifa 4 , Sana Irshad 5 , Noman Walayat 6 , Lei Chen 6 , Peng-Kai Wang 6 , Zhi Yuan Tan 7 Affiliations • 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected]. • 2 Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. • 3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. • 4 Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 13736, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt. • 5 School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geo Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China. • 6 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, Wuhan 430070, PR China. • 7 Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: [email protected]. • PMID: 32866701 • DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127875 Abstract Gluten protein based snacks have been a major concern for allergen, low nutrition and physio-chemical properties. In this study, wheat flour (WF) was replaced with cassava starch (CS) at different levels [10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%(w/w)] to prepare fried snacks. The addition of CS significantly (P < 0.05) increased hardness and pasting properties while gluten network, oil uptake, water holding capacity, and expansion were decreased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the secondary structure of amide I, α-helix (1650-1660 cm-1), along with amide II region (1540 cm-1) changed when CS was added. Starch-protein complex was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis while no starch-protein-lipid complex was observed. The micrographs from scanning electron microscopy showed that starch-protein matrix was interrupted when ≥40%(w/w) CS was added. Furthermore, in vitro calcium bioavailability was decreased slightly with the addition of CS. The results suggest the feasibility of adding 40% CS as an alternative to WF in snacks. Keywords: Cassava starch; Chemical structure; Fried snacks; Starch-protein matrix; Wheat flour. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Conflict of interest statement Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. 2. Maternal Influenza A(H1N1) Immunization During Pregnancy and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring : A Cohort Study Ann Intern Med. 2020 Sep 1. doi: 10.7326/M20-0167. Online ahead of print. Authors Jonas F Ludvigsson 1 , Henric Winell 2 , Sven Sandin 3 , Sven Cnattingius 4 , Olof Stephansson 5 , Björn Pasternak 6 Affiliations • 1 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York (J.F.L.). • 2 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (H.W.). • 3 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (S.S.). • 4 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.C.). • 5 Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (O.S.). • 6 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (B.P.). • PMID: 32866418 • DOI: 10.7326/M20-0167 Abstract Background: There are concerns that influenza vaccine exposure during pregnancy may be associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective: To examine the risk for ASD in offspring of mothers who were vaccinated against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 ("swine flu") during pregnancy. Design: Population-based cohort study using nationwide registers. Setting: Seven health care regions in Sweden. Participants: Live births between October 2009 and September 2010, with follow-up through December 2016. In total, 39 726 infants were prenatally exposed to H1N1 vaccine (13 845 during the first trimester) and 29 293 infants were unexposed. Measurements: Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the primary outcome, ASD, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. The secondary outcome was autistic disorder (AD). Results: Mean follow-up was 6.7 years in both unexposed and exposed children. During follow-up, 394 (1.0%) vaccine-exposed and 330 (1.1%) unexposed children had a diagnosis of ASD. In adjusted analyses, prenatal exposure to H1N1 vaccination was not associated with a later diagnosis of ASD (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.81 to 1.12]) or AD (aHR, 0.96 [CI, 0.80 to 1.16]). The 6-year standardized cumulative incidence difference between the unexposed and exposed children was 0.04% (CI, -0.09% to 0.17%) for ASD and 0.02% (CI, -0.09% to 0.14%) for AD. Restricting the analysis to vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy did not influence risk estimates (aHR, 0.92 [CI, 0.74 to 1.16] for ASD and 0.91 [CI, 0.70 to 1.18] for AD). Limitation: Data on H1N1 influenza infection are lacking. Conclusion: This large cohort study found no association between maternal H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy and risk for ASD in the offspring. Primary funding source: Swedish Research Council. 3. Celiac disease and reproductive failures: an update on pathogenic mechanisms Am J Reprod Immunol. 2020 Aug 31;e13334. doi: 10.1111/aji.13334. Online ahead of print. Authors Nicoletta Di Simone 1 2 , Matteo Gratta 2 , Roberta Castellani 2 , Silvia D'Ippolito 1 2 , Monia Specchia 2 , Giovanni Scambia 2 3 , Chiara Tersigni 1 2 Affiliations • 1 U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. • 2 Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. • 3 U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. • PMID: 32865829 • DOI: 10.1111/aji.13334 Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed people in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine that clinically presents with malabsorption-related symptoms. CD can also be the underlying cause of several non-gastrointestinal symptoms. This review summarizes evidence on the relationship between CD and gynecological/obstetric disorders like reproductive failures. Although much has been reported on such a linkage, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, especially those underlying extra-gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. Studies conducted on celiac subjects presenting gynecological/obstetric disorders have pointed to intestinal malabsorption, coagulation alterations, immune-mediated tissue damage, and endometrial inflammation as the main responsible pathogenic mechanisms. Currently, however, the knowledge of such mechanisms is insufficient, and further studies are needed to gain a more thorough understanding of the matter. Keywords: Autoimmunity; Celiac disease; Personalized medicine; Pregnancy; Reproductive failures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 4. A prediction model of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury based on antithrombin III Clin Exp Med. 2020 Aug 31. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00656-x. Online ahead of print. Authors Yun Xie 1 , Yi Zhang 2 , Rui Tian 1 , Wei Jin 1 , Jiang Du 1 , Zhigang Zhou 1 , Ruilan Wang 3 Affiliations • 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Songjiang, 201600, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. • 2 Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. • 3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 New Songjiang Road, Songjiang, 201600, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. [email protected]. • PMID: 32865720 • DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00656-x Abstract The incidence of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is on the rise. Recent studies have found a correlation between antithrombin III and AKI. We established a predictive model for sepsis-associated AKI based on plasma ATIII levels. A prospective study (March 2018-January 2020) was conducted in sepsis patients admitted to the Critical Care Medicine Department at Shanghai General Hospital. ATIII levels were obtained within 48 h after admission to the ICU and before the diagnosis of sepsis-associated AKI was recorded. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine levels and urine volume. Male sex, other cardiovascular