3638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1971 Rieve, P..oy C. Webb, James A., III Thrash, U.S. Marine Corps, for commands Dodson, Thomas J. Miller, H. K., Jr. Warner, Paul G. and other duties determined by the Presi­ Dunleavy, C. J. Miller, Raymond T . dent to be within. the contemplation of said Duscheid, A. L. III Moore, J. T. C., II The following-named officers of the U.S. section, for appointment to the grade of Elsberry, John G. Nadolski, Keith E. Navy for temporary promotion the grade to lieutenant general while so serving. Erickson, R. H. Nelson, Ralph D. of lieut enant in the line. subject to qualifi­ cation therefor as provided by law: Lt. Gen. Raymond G. Davis, U.S. Marine Flinn, George W. North, John R. Corps, for appointment as Assistant Com­ Fliszar, John N. Obrien, T. P., Jr. Gruver, William K. Spinelli, Robert B. mandant of the Marine Corps in accordance Fretz, 0. R., III Olsen, D. A., Jr. Henry P. Boardman, Jr., Supply Corps, U.S. Navy, for temporary promotion to the gra.

HO·USE OF REPRE:SENTATIVE,S-Tuesday, February 23, 1971 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ceedings and announces to the House APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF Rev. Rudolf Kiviranna, of the Estonian his approval thereof. THE ADVISORY COMMISSION ON Evangelical Lutheran Church of New Without objection, the Journal stands INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELA­ York. offered the following prayer: approved. TIONS Father in heaven, we approach Thee in There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provi­ sincere hwnility. sions of Section 3(a), Public Law 86- We live in a world under the shadows 380, the Chair appoints as members of of great problems to which there are no the Advisory Commission on Intergov­ easy solutions. APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF THE ernmental Relations the following Mem­ Give us, 0 God, Thy light to under­ MIGRATORY BIRD CONSERVA­ bers on the part of the House: Mr. stand the difficulties of our world and our TION COMMISSION FOUNTAIN, Mr. ULLMAN, and Mrs. DWYER. responsibilities to overcome them. We need courage and wisdom to take The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provi­ a decisive stand against all evil which in sions of 16 United States Code 715a, as APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF THE many ways threatens the world and our amended, the Chair appoints as mem­ JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE Nation. bers of the Migratory Bird Conservation The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ On the Independence Day of the Es­ Commission the following Members on visions of 15 United States Code 1024(a), tonian nation we think of all nations who the part of the House: Mr. DING ELL and the Chair appoints as members of the are forced to live under the yoke of Mr. CoNTE. Joint Economic Committee the following atheistic communism. Members on the part of the House: Mr. Through Thy grace these nations have PATMAN, Mr. BOLLING, Mr. BOGGS, Mr. preserved an unconquerable will for free­ REUSS, Mrs. GRIFFITHS, Mr. MOORHEAD, dom and an unquenchable hope that APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF Mr. WIDNALL, Mr. CONABLE, Mr. BROWN they may one day belong to the family THE PLYMOUTH-PROVINCETOWN of Ohio, and Mr. BLACKBURN. of free nations. CELEBRATION COMMISSION To further this cause bless our Presi­ dent and Government and the en­ The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provi­ APPOINTMENTASMEMBERSOFTHE deavors of the Congress of the United sions of section 2 France FORMING ARTS has moved into the arms market in South The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ nected multiple sclerosis from 7 to 20 Africa which has been partially vacated visions of section 2(a), Public Law 85- years. by the British because of the clamor of 874, as amended, the Chair appoints as Twelfth. A measure permitting States the opposition to the current Govern­ members ex officio of the Board of Trust­ to arrange for hospital coverage under medicare. ment and the objections of African mem­ ees of the John F. Kennedy Center for Thirteenth. A bill authorizing pensions bers of the Commonwealth. With the ris­ the Performing Arts the following Mem­ to survivors of those awarded the Medal ing tide of anti-American feeling in bers on the part of the House: Mr. of Honor posthumously. Latin America and the present revolu­ THOMPSON of New Jersey, Mr. RONCALIO, Fourteenth. A measure making it eas­ tionary tendency, the furnishing by the and Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. French of these weapons cannot be ier for the blind to get disability benefits. viewed with complacency, nor can the Fifteenth. A measure creating a new possibility of introducing Iron Curtain REINTRODUCTION OF LEGISLATION formula permitting the Retired Reserve armaments be dismissed. to receive retirement pay. It is interesting to note that this rather (Mr. HANNA asked and was given per­ Sixteenth. A bill that would allow the mission to extend his remarks at this cynical policy has brought military or­ Federal Government to pick up the in­ ders of over a billion dollars to France point in the RECORD and to include ex­ creased cost of welfare caused by court traneous matter.) in 1970 and covers negotiations with no decisions doing away with residency re­ less than 26 countries. Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, during the quirements. past few Congresses I have offered a I certainly do not advocate an attempt Seventeenth. A measure permitting on the part of the United States to be­ number of measures designed to stimu­ veterans retired at 100-percent disability come a competitor in the merchandising late discussion on the issues they raise. before 1949 to collect retirement pay. Today, I am reintroducing a number of of weapons for profit. At the same time, I have made a number of statements I do consider it worthwhile to see what these bills. It is my hope that the dialog on each of the above measures. Those in­ on each of these measures will continue. has happened in fact when we have with­ terested in any of the items mentioned held our weapons from the countries in I am also hopeful that the proposals I am may contact my office and request my question. The result has not been to cut introducing today will receive hearings previous statement on it. during this Congress. off their purchase, but simply to change In the coming weeks I will be introduc­ the source of acquisition to one other ing proposals on consumer protection, than ourselves. Obviously, in certain the environment, and drugs, and crime. ARMS ET LES FRANCAIS cases this could bring about unwelcome These subjects are not covered by the (Mr. MONAGAN asked and was given and dangerous complications. 18 measures being introduced today. permission to extend his remarks at this The article follows: The following is a brief summary of point in the RECORD and to include ARMS AND THE FRENCHMAN each piece of legislation: extraneous matter.) (By C. L. Sulzberger) First. The Meals for Millions Founda­ Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, over the PARis.-A certain American envoy to tion of Los Angeles, Calif., will be granted last few years there has been constant France, named Benjamin Franklin, used to say honesty was the best policy and this is a Federal charter. The measure sets discussion in the Congress about the sale what the French today assert with respect forth the purposes and structure of the of U.S. arms to foreign nations. This dis­ to their enormous arms trade with the rest program. There are no Federal funds cussion was particularly warm in con­ of the world, a commerce described by rivals involved. nection with projected sales to Peru, or disappointed clients as "warmongering" Second. Two measures deal with fi­ Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia. or "outrageous." French arms policy may be nancing important education programs. The opponents of such sales, in un­ cynical b-qt it is not obscured by cant. One bill would create a secondary market doubted good faith, argued that providing Paris, which has now replaced London as for education facilities construction more modern equipment would step up number three armaments export capital (after Washington and Moscow), contends loans. The other bill would establish a an arms race and might even provide quite blandly that it sells weapons on a secondary market for the various fed­ the means for suppressing popular l·ev­ strictly business basis in the national inter­ erally insured student loan papers. olutionary movements. est, is no merchant of death and simply pro­ Third. A measure creating a National The countervailing argument, which I vides what others would provide if the French Institute on Digestive Diseases, thereby accepted, maintained that the countries didn't offer better goods or better terms. promoting research and training in this in question would obtain the arms in any As a consequence of this straight-forward field. event regardless of the state of their approach to a highly charged subject the Fourth. An amendment to the National French brought their total for foreign mili­ national budgets and that it would be tary orders last year to well over $1 billion. Defense Education Act which would ex­ better for us to be the suppliers than to Since January, 1969, sales have been arranged pand Federal support of programs train­ have them come from other sources. If or negotiations begun with no less than 26 ing Americans in international affairs the United States made the sales, there countries. and languages. would be greater control over the types of The two most contentious regions in­ Fifth. A measure that would include weapons and their sophistication, as well volved, politically speaking, are Latin Amer- 3640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1971 lea and South Africa. French arms salesmen, program of the high quality French arma­ United States poticy concerning political under their director, Hughes de l'Estoile, have ments industry. refugees and indeed in other areas of history moved into the Latin-American market pre­ and polltical questions. viously regarded as washington's exclusive As a Member of Congress and as a Mem­ bailwick, thus clearly reducing dependence ber of the Board of Visitors to the United on the U.S.A. of several nations in the Mon­ COAST GUARD ACADEMY COURSES States Coast Guard Academy, I should like roe Doctrine area. ON U.S. HISTORY AND TRADITION to know what courses in American Govern­ Recently agreements have been made or ment and American History are offered at the are under negotiation with Argentina, Brazil, (Mr. MONAGAN asked and was given Academy. I am particularly interested in Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Pan­ permission to extend his remarks at this knowing whether or not any instruction is ama, Peru, and Venezuela. These mostly in­ point in the REcoRD and to include ex­ given concerning our Nation's traditional volve Mirage jets but some concern Fouga traneous matter.) protection of human rights, with speclfto Magister trainers, AMX tanks, Alouette heli­ Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, the reference to the right of asylum for political copters, gunboats and Exocet sea-to-sea mis­ House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on refugees. siles. The biggest single accord was arranged I shall appreciate hearing from you on this last year with Argentina for 106 Mirage V's. State Department Organization and For­ important matter at your earliest con­ Effective intrusion into the Latin market eign Operations, of which I am a mem­ venience. has obvious political repercussions because ber, recently held hearings on the at­ Sincerely yours, of its heritage of anti-Yankee feeling and tempted defection by Lithuanian Sea­ JOHNS. MONAGAN, also because of the rising tide of revolutions man Simas Kudirka and found negli­ Member of Congress. stressing hostility to Washington. The only gence at several of the bureaucratic levels equally explosive area of French arms pene­ involved. During these hearings I noted tration is South Africa. U.S. CoAST GuARD ACADEMY, In 1969 Paris sold 42 Mirage III and three a lack of sensitivity on the part of the New London, Conn., December 23, 1970. Mirage III B jets to Pretoria. A new con­ Coast Guard officials involved, both to Hon. JOHNS. MONAGAN, tract is being negotiated for 100 Mirage the human aspects of the case and House of Representatives, Milans. The French have sold helicopters and long historical tradition of the United Washington, D.C. Panhard armored cars (both effective against States regarding political refugees. I DEAR MR. MONAGAN: In response to your guerrillas) and are developing their stated that the implications of the letter of 16 December 1970, may I describe surface-to-surface Cactus guided missile in Kudirka tragedy went far beyond the relevant courses in history and government South Africa with Pretoria paying about taught here at the Coast Guard Academy. three-fourths its cost. incident itself. They touched on our These courses, and indeed the entire course Astonishingly, this produces few complaints whole tradition of the right to asylum. of study at the Academy, are the result of against Paris from the many blacks or pro­ As a Member of Congress and a mem­ continued curriculum development, parti­ black African clients of France's armaments ber of the Board of Visitors to the U.S. cularly over the past ten-year period. Our industry, including Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, Coast Guard Academy, I have, since the curriculum is under constant review, by the Ivory Coast, Kenya, Sengal, Algeria, hearings, inquired at the Academy about both internal faculty bodies and outside ed­ Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. Indeed, the ucational advisers. courses offered there in American his­ During their four years of study for the largest contract yet made by the manufac­ tory and government. I expressed to the turers of the Mirage was for the sale of 110 B.S. degree and a commission in the Coast of these remarkable jets to leftist, revolu­ Academy my particular concern that our Guard, cadets in all curriculum areas are tionary Libya which violently dislikes South Coast Guard officers be properly i~­ required to complete satisfactorily a single­ Africa. structed in our Nation's traditional pro­ semester course in the history of the United This unembarrassoo export to both sides of tection of human rights. The Academy's States, and a single-semester course in the African disputes enrages Britain, which reply, which I shall place in the RECORD American government. The first of these keeps risking dissolution of the Common­ courses focuses upon American historical along with my original letter, provides a government from its constitutional be~in­ wealth by angry black states every time lim­ basic description of the course offerings. ited military sales to Pretoria are mentioned. nings up through the present time. It is a That liberal newspaper, The Guardian, re­ While the rights of political asylum are b.asic sophomore survey course designed to ported recently: "The extraordinary manner not the specific topic for any one course, give both broad background and adequate by which France has managed to carry on its Rear Adm. John F. Thompson does de­ preparation for other courses in history. The scribe the Academy's academic program second of these courses, Principles of Amer­ arms sales to South Africa without major ican Government, concentrates upon the challenge was never more marked than when as "firmly rooted in the American tradi­ organization and functioning of our na­ President Kaunda visited Paris last autumn tion of responsibility for the individual tional government. The role of each gov­ after his first angry confrontation with Mr. and his freedom." I am pleased to see ernmental branch, .and their relationships to Heath over the South African arms issue ... that there is emphasis UPon the historical the constitution, are studied, along with the "There is little doubt that France stands constitution itself. ready to fill the gap if Britain were after all and constitutional elements of U.S. to decide against an arms deal with South society and I hope that our traditional Several other courses, either curriculum guarantees will be more clearly under­ requirements for special areas of study or Africa. Nevertheless President Kaunda elective courses open to all cadets, are per­ emerged from his session with Monsieur stood as a result of this unfortunate tinent to your question. One is the history Pompidou mollified, and off the warpath incident. of American Diplomacy, in which diploma­ against France." It is my hope that the Coast Guard tic history and foreign policy of the United The only obviously political restriction on Academy will further emphasize this as­ States are considered. A second is the course French arms salesmen has been vis-a-vis pect of its academic program and as a in International Relations, required of all Israel which bought and paid for fifty Mir­ member of the Board of Visitors, I will senior cadets who are in a non-technical age V's never licensed for export because of area of study; this course considers questions the later embargo on weapons sales to that continue to stress the need for such in­ of foreign policy, international law, and in­ little country. Aircraft manufacturers ulti­ struction. Coast Guard officers must act ternational organizations. At present, there mately lost little by the boycott since the in the future with more awareness of our are approximately a dozen other courses French Air Force itself has purchased only traditional protection of human freedom taught in history and government; History of about 400 of the 1,200 Mirages so far manu­ than was displayed in the Kudirka case. Colonial America, The Civil War and Re­ factured. The rest have gone to thirteen In a nation founded on the basic rights construction, The New Deal, Fair Deal and foreign lands. of the individual, this kind of tragedy After, American Maritime History, Modern By outright come-and-get-it arms dealings, must not be allowed to reoccur. European History, Modern Russian History, a policy which doesn't even pretend to adhere Modern Asia, American Constitutional De­ to any limitations equivalent to the moral The text of my letter to the Coast velopment, Military Policy, Comparative Gov­ or political restrictions of American, Rus­ Guard Academy and the Academy's reply ernment, and Western Political Theory. In sian or British salesmen, France has accom­ follows: addition, a course in the fundamenl;B.ls of plished three things she values in the na­ DECEMBER 16, 1970. law, taught to all seniors, covers certain tional interest. Rear Adm. ARTHUR B. ENGEL, aspects of international law, such .as sover­ She has g.ained immense prestige for the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, eignty and jurisdiction at sea. In several of excellence of her weapons, above all (para­ New London, Conn. these courses, questions of foreign policy doxically) by Is11ael's extl180rdinarily effective DEAR ADMmAL ENGEL: Recent hearings held and international political relations are con­ use of the Mirages she had bought before the by the State Department Organization and sidered. There has been, however, no cover­ embargo. France, moreover, has balanced her Foreign Operations Subcommittee of the age of the right of asylum for political foreign trade, with arms exports comprising House Foreign Affairs Committee of which I refugees as a specific topic in these courses. 8 per cent of all sales and more than a quar­ am a Member and concerning the attempted A case study is now being developed by staff ter of manufactured equipment shipped defection of a Lithuanian sailor aboard a U.S. members for inclusion in the required law abroad. And she has earned enough to pay Coast Guard Cutter indicated a lack of course. entirely for the research and development formal instruction to Coast Guard officers on An education firmly rooted in the Amer- February 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3641 lean tradition of responsibil1ty for the in­ a badge of valor was the Medal of Honor for UTILITY CONSUMERS' COUNSEL dividual and his freedom, plus indoctrina­ enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps. ACT OF 1971 tion into the humanitarian mission of the It was authorized by Congress, and approved Coast Guard, seem to me to be the strong­ by President Abraham Lincoln on December bright blue ribbon, and is worn about the The Utility Consumers' Counsel Act Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, on Feb­ neck. The ribbon is spangled with a cluster has three major objectives: First, to re­ ruary 16, 1971. in the name of the Con­ of 13 w'h.ite stars representing the original quire utilities to report to regulatory gress, the President awarded the Medal States. Each ray of the five pointed star con­ bodies information which is pertinent to of Honor posthumously to S. Sgt. Karl tains sprays of laurel and oak and is tipped utility regulation, and to the understand­ G. Taylor, who was killed in Vietnam on with a trefoil. Standing in bas-relief, circled by 34 stars representing the 34 States in ing of utility rates and procedures; sec­ December 8, 1968. At the time oif his 1861, is Minerva who personifies the Union. ond, to require the Federal Power Com­ death, he was serving as company gun­ She holds in her left hand the fasces, an mission and the Federal Communications nery sergeant, Company 1, 3d Battalion, ax bound in staves of wood, which is the Commission to report this information 26th Marine Regiment. Staff Sergeant ancient Roman symbol of authority. With to Congress and the public in a timely Taylor had been in the Marine Corps the shield in her right hand, she repulses the and convenient manner, using automatic since 1959 and was serving his second serpents held by the crouching figure of data processing to the fullest extent pos­ tour in Vietnam. He is the husband of Discord. The reverse of the medal is left sible; and, third, to establish at the Fed­ the former Shirley Ann Piatt and the blank, allowing for the engraving of the recipient's name and the date and place of eral, State, and local levels, offices of father of two sons and a daughter, Karl his deed. utility consumers' counsel to represent G., Jr., age 7; Keven G., age 4; and the interests of utility consumers before Sheryl A., a;ge 8. Mrs. Taylor and the regulatory commissions and courts. children live in Avella, Pa. CITATION The President of the United States in the The need for this legislation is obvious. In 8iddition to the Congressional Medal name of The Congress takes pride in present­ Perhaps in no other consumer-oriented of Honor, Staff Sergeant Taylor's medals ing the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to area is a citizen so frustrated as in his and decorations include the Purple Staff Sergeant Karl G. Taylor, United States dealings with the public utilites. His need Heart, the Presidential Unit Citation Marine Corps, for service as set forth in the for their services is fundamental to mod­ with one bronze star, the Good Conduct following Citation: ern-day living. His dealings with them Medal with two bronze stars, the Na­ For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity are complex, impersonal, and often un­ tional Defense Service Medal, the Viet­ at the risk of his life above and beyond the successful. namese Service Medal with three bronze call of duty while serving as a Company Gunnery Sergeant during Operation MEADE The creation of a Federal Utility Con­ stars, the Vietnamese Cross of Gallant­ RIVER in the Republic of Vietnam on the sumers' Counsel would do much to im­ ry with Palm, the Military Merit Medal, night of 8 December 1968. Informed that the prove the Federal regulation of utilities. the Gallantry Cross with Palm, and the commander of the lead platoon had been But even more important is that section Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. mortally wounded when his unit wa.s pinned which provides grants to States and local I am including in my remarks the down by a heavy volume of enemy fire, governments for the creation of State background of the Congressional Medal Staff Sergeant Taylor along with another utility consumers' counsels. In State after of Honor and the citation accompanying Marine, crawled forwar~ to the beleagured State, the utilities have dominated the unit through a hail of hostile fire, shouted the medal. encouragement and instructions to the men, State commissions that are supposed to The American people should be proud and deployed them to covered positions. regulate them. The selection of commis­ of Staff Sergeant Taylor for his sacrifices With his companion, he then repeatedly sion members is far too often a matter of and courageous service to his country. maneuvered across an open area to rescue party patronage, and frequently political The material follows: those Marines who were too seriously considerati-ons enter into commission de­ wounded to move by themselves. Upon learn­ MEDAL OF HONOR cisions. Only 14 States elect their regu­ ing that there were stlll other seriously latory utility commissioners. The remain­ The Medal of Honor is the highest award wounded men lying in another open area, in for bravery that can be given to any indi­ proximity to an enemy machine gun position, ing 36, or 72 percent of our States, have vidual in the United States. In judging men Staff Sergeant Taylor, accompanied by four their commissioners appointed for terms for receipt of the medal, each service has comrades, led his men forward across the from 4 to 10 years. established its own regulations. The deed fire-swept terrain in an attempt to rescue Let me point out here that I do not must be proved by incontestable evidence of the Marines. When his group we.s halted by propose or even expect State or local at least two eyeWitnesses; it must be so out­ devastating fire, he directed his companions utility consumers' counsels to work in op­ standing that it clearly distinguishes the to return to the company command post; position to State regulatory utility com­ recipient's gallantry beyond the call of duty whereupon he took his grenade launcher missions. but rather in conjunction with from lesser forms of bravery; it must involve and, in full view of the enemy, charged the risk of his life; and it must be the type across the open rice paddy toward the them. As Lee White, former Chairman of of deed which, if he had not done it, would machine gun position, firing his weapon as the Federal Power Commission, stated: not subject him to any justified c:rtticism. he ran. Although wounded several times, he Regulators have long recognized that their The idea for the Medal of Honor was born succeeded in reaching the machine gun effectiveness depends to a marked degree during the Civil War as men fought gallantly bunker and silencing the fire from that upon an accurate understanding of all rele­ and oftentimes displayed great heroism. sector, moments before he was mortally vant facts and a thorough and comprehen­ George Washington originated the Purple wounded. Directly instrumental in saving the sive analysis of the significant issues raised Heart in 1782 to honor brave soldiers, sailors lives of several of' his fellow Marines, Staff in the matters presented for their con­ and marines. From that time until the Civil Sergeant Taylor, by his indomitable courage, sideration. War, Certificates of Merit and a "brevet" sys­ inspiring leadership, and selfless dedication, tem of promotions were used as military upheld the highest traditions of the Marine But all too often the State commis­ .awards. The first military decoration formally Corps and of the United States Naval sioners are faced with the utility inter­ authorized by the American Government as Service. ests mobilizing their economists, en- 3642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1971 gineers, and accountants in a massive fessional memberships in the Supreme cept through the eye of the camera, in presentation of data to support a rate Courts of Florida, Louisiana, District of the hands of a photographer. case. Knowing that company versions of Columbia, California, and the United The photographer, consequently, is an its investment, income, depreciation, and States, as well as other intermediate Fed­ essential technician, and the camera is expenses as rate base elements should be eral courts. I salute Mr. Perkins on behalf an essential tool of what appears to be a items of controversy, the State Commis­ of Lumpltin, Ga., and the entire Third phenomenally expanding industry. sioners simply must pass over these items District. To focus attention on the magnitude for lack of experts who can challenge the and expansiveness of the industry, the company. The utility consumer counsels National Association of Photographic will provide this expertise so sorely THE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM Manufacturers is planning an extrava­ needed. (Mr. EDMONDSON asked and was ganza of achievements called Photo Expo Knowledgeable and balanced regula­ given permission to address the House 1971, for the week of April 17-25 in the tion can only be achieved if those who do for 1 minute and to revise and extend his new McCormick Place in Chicago. The the regulating, at any level, have ac­ remarks.) exposition, also labeled "The Universe of curate, complete, and comparable data Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, today Photography" because of its design to available to them. As Senator METCALF 12 Members of the House led by the dis­ meet the needs of everyone with a stake stated upon introduction of this bill in tinguished chairman of the Committee in photography, will include the latest in the Senate: on Public Works, the gentleman from cameras, film, projectors, and electronic At present it is diftlcult and in some Minnesota South Vietnam and expanding territorial se­ WE DOING ABOUT IT? the Tet attacks that the m111tary was asking curity by destroying guerrllla and mainforce units and neutralizing the enemy's tradi­ (Mr. for 206,000 more troops to take advantage of STRATTON asked a.nd was the enemy's overextension. Coming, as it did, tional base areas. given permission to address the House two days before the New Hampshire primary, 2. Accelerated bombing of North Vietnam for 1 minute, to revise and extend his the Times report had enormous poUtlcal 1m­ to include more productlve targets such as remarks and to include extraneous ma­ pact. It almost certainly contributed to the Haiphong. terial.) big McCarthy vote and, in turn, to President 3. Operations to cut the Ho Chi Minh trail Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, in this Johnson's subsequent decision not to run 1n Laos. morning's issue of the Washington Post again. RAIDS ON SANCTUARIES there appeared a news item by Kenneth The genesis of the expose, if that is what 4. Raiding selected border sanctuaries in it was, has just been publicly revealed for Cambodia and Laos. Crawford indicating that a very serious the first time by Ph111p Potter, Washington 5. Amphibious and joint amphibious-air­ security leak that occurred in early 1968 Bureau Chief of the Baltimore Sun. It was mobile operations against enemy bases just to the New York Times with regard to leaked to the Times by Townsend Hoopes, north of the Border Buffer Zone between what President Johnson considered a then a Pentagon official or dovish persuasion. North and South Vietnam. matter of "the highest possible degree of Actually, the plan Hoopes made available to To carry it all out, the generals concluded, security," was actually perpetrated by the Times was one of the alternatives under would require 206,000 in additional American one Townsend Hoopes, who was at that consideration and one which had little forces. time the Acting Secretary of the Air chance far Presidential approval in the There was, perhaps, some lack of realism in Washington atmosphere of post-Tet distress. their thinking. Force. The details of this story are, tn Hoopes had to violate a specific presidential While they saw Tet as an opportunity, the fact, included in a story which appeared order of secrecy pending decision to spring mood in America as when news of the Battle in the Baltimore Sun on February 10 by the leak. of the Bulge first broke, was one of depres­ Phillip Potter, which I shall insert at the Things haven't changed much, as the sus­ sion. The press was full of the enemy's he­ end of my remarks. It involves a leak picious reporting of the South Vietnamese roics and dispatches on the alleged inadequa­ that appeared in the New York Times 2 effort to cut the Ho Chi Minh trails in Laos cies of our South Vietnamese all1es. days before the New Hampshire pri­ demonstrates. By part of the press it is treat­ Even General Westmoreland had !ailed to ed as a cunning scheme to inject Americans realize what he came to feel shortly there­ mary, on March 10, 1968, to be exact, into an expanded war rather than what it after-that the enemy offensive had been that General Westmoreland had re­ is, a bold attempt to prepare for continued South Vietnam's "Pearl Harbor," sparking quested 206,000 additional troops for evacuation of American forces. Reporters and among its people and government a. deter­ Vietnam. editors keep telling themselves and others mination to fight back and shoulder a far Now, Mr. Speaker, if this story is cor­ that they have been more perceptive about larger part of the war. rect, it betrays a very shocking situation this war than have military and political CERTAIN QUESTIONS which existed in the Pentagon during leaders. They may be right. But they have President Nguyen Van Thieu, who had been the tenure of Secretary McNamara and enjoyed the advantage of ultimate irrespon­ resisting pressures from General Westmore­ sib111ty. In President Nixon's place, they land to draft 18- and 19-year-olds for fear apparently also of Secretary Clifford, and would probably be doing about what he is it raises a grave question as to what of public opinion, found it immediately pos­ doing. And history may be more approving sible after Tet. other serious violations of security may of him than of them. By then, however, General Wheeler had have gone on. carried back to Washington the plans he In fact, Mr. Speaker, one cannot help [From the Baltimore Sun, Feb. 10, 1971) and General Westmoreland had worked up wondering in what other ways this LAOS DRIVE RECALLS 1968 OPTIONS for consideration by civillan authorities. He strange kind of disloyalty and defiance (By Phillp Potter} gave them to the President, who sent them of law on the part of top civilians in WASHINGTON, Feb. 9--The relative equa­ on to Robert S. McNamara, then defense the Pentagon during those years may nlmlty with which Washington, and presum­ secretary, for study. Along with them, Mr. have complicated and unnecessarily pro­ ably the nation, is reacting to President Nix­ Johnson sent a directive demanding answers on's decision to let South Vietnamese to certain questions: longed our efforts to achieve our national "What military and other objectives 1n objectives in Vietnam. forces-with American air support--attempt to cut the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos must Vietnam are additional U.S. forces designed Mr. Speaker, these are very serious be stirring envy in Austin, Texas. to advance? What specific dangers is their charges, and we cannot allow them to A columnist in the New York Times wrote dispatch designed to avoid? What specific be ignored. I am asking Mr. Hoopes, today that "the reaction here bore a remark­ goals would the increment of force ... aim who is now in private life here in the able resemblance to the reaction to the latest to achieve in the next six months or over Washington area, whether these facts manned excursion to the moon. There was the next year? What probable Communist are true. I am at the same time asking much less excitement than during previous reactions do you anticipate in connection escalations." with each of the alternatives you examine? the Secretary of Defense to give me the What negotiation postures should we strike classification of the information which DIFFERENT IN 1968 in general? Mr. Hoopes reportedly passed on to a It was otherwise when, in February, 1968, OTHER QUESTIONS newspaper reporter, incidentally at the Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, then chairman of the Also, "What major congressional problems home of a member of the Military Sub­ Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Gen. Wllliam C. can we anticipate and how should they be committee of the House Government Op­ Westmoreland, then American commander in met? What problems can we anticipate in erations Committee. Vietnam, came up with a proposal for an "ag­ U.S. public opinion and how should they gressive" strategy to do what Mr. Nixon now be dealt with? You should feel free in mak­ Third, I am also asking the Attorney espouses, a widening of the war in order to ing this report to call on the best minds General the penalty for a violation of the shorten it. in tms government to work on specific as­ security of classified material of this Their proposal grew out of General West­ pects of the problem, but you should assure degree of classification-which must be moreland's conviction that the enemy's Tet the highest possible degree of security up at least top secret-and whether the De­ Offensive of January-February-marked by to the moment when the President's decision partment of Justice is taking any steps heavy attacks on Saigon and other cities-­ on these matters is announced,'' the directive to prosecute in this case. was, in fact the foe's "Battle of the Bulge," stated. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my akin to the desperate move that Hitler Alas for such a presidential hope. ordered to stop the onrush of the American Because Harold Brown, the Air Force sec­ remarks I include, first, the appropriate and British forces into Germany. retary, was away from Washington, his un­ excerpt of the article by Kenneth Craw­ BOLDER STRATEGY der secretary, Townsend Hoopes, a Pentagon ford in today's Washington Post; second, "dove," was among those who assembled with the original story from the Baltimore Sun He and General Wheeler, encouraged by Secretary McNamara a..t the end of February hints from President Johnson that he was to analyze the military's proposals. of February 10, 1971; and third, two disposed to offer General Westmoreland re­ paragraphs from Mr. Potter's original inforcements and might even be receptive to DINNER WITH MOORHEAD, DALE story which were not printed in the Sun a new and bolder strategy to end the war, Shortly afterward, Mr. Hoopes went to din­ story of March 10: met in Saigon from February 23 through ner at the home C1f Representative William February 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3645 S. Moorhead (D., Pa.) and a fellow guest was to the request of the gentleman from concern to the safety of the country in Edwin L. Dale, Jr., economics writer for the Louisiana? travel abroad. New York Times. All three had been fellow students at Yale. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving Despite previous highly dubious War­ Mr. Hoopes told Mr. Dale that there was the right to object, and I shall not object, ren Supreme Court decisions pronounc­ a fight in the Pentagon to knock down what I wonder if I might ask the gentleman if ing a virtual requirement that passports he said was a "request by General West­ I am correct in assuming that there will may not be denied to demonstrated sub­ moreland for 206,000 more American troops be business next week. versives, the fact remains that there are in Vietnam." Mr. BOGGS. In assuming that there many legally valid reasons for the denial On Sunday, March 10, two days before the will be no business? of a passport. It is to implement these New Hampshire primary, the New York Times Mr. GROSS. That there will be some d!isplayed with big, bold headlines: "West­ and to establish a basis for initial in­ moreland Requests 206,000 More Men, Stir­ business. vestigation that the lookout file must ring Debate in the Administration," an ar­ Mr. BOGGS. There will be business be maintained for the protection of the ticle saying that the Vietnam commander next week. We expect to schedule the United States of America. was seeking reinforcements for a "bolder debt ceiling bill, a very important bill, Things like this ought not to, be dis­ strategy" in the conduct of the war, includ­ and we may also have some suspensions. torted by slanted press accounts or prej­ ing "ground actions into Laos and Cambodia Mr. GROSS. What I would like to say udiced editorializing on the part of to disrupt the enemy's base areas and infil­ to the gentleman is that the minority of columnists, whether in the New York tration routes." the minority has been here ready, willing, Times or any other paper. M'CARTHY'S BID and able to do business, and it is becom­ I requested from Miss Knight a clari­ It had four bylines, including Mr. Dale's. ing a little tiresome just to come over for fication of the Department's role in the Two days later came the 1968 New Hamp­ small routine each day. So that I would maintenance of the lookout file and she shire primary, which most observers believed hope that there would be some business would end Senator Eugene J. McCarthy's bid has responded to me by letter as follows: to take away the 1968 Democratic presiden­ next week and thereafter so we can get DEPARTMENT OF STATE, tial nomination from Mr. Johnson. caught up. Washington, D.O., February 19, 1971. Instead, he got a surprising 42.4 per cent Mr. BOGGS. I can assure the gen­ Hon. LOUIS C. WYMAN, of the Democratic primary vote compared to tleman, who describes himself as the House of Representatives, Mr. Johnson's 49.4 per cent as a write-in can­ minority of the minority, that we will Washington, D.O. didate. The senator also picked up most of have very much to do within a very short DEAR MR. WYMAN: In answer to your tele­ New Hampshire's convention delegates. period of time. phone inquiry regarding the two recent arti­ Contrast the national reaction then with Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman. cles appearing in the New York Times, please the reaction now as South Vietnamese troops be assured 1that I am as concerned as you hit the North Vietnamese supply network of Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva­ are with the obvious misrepresentation of supply trails in the Laotian Panhandle. tion. facts. There is considerable official informa­ It indicates Mr. Nixon's success in con­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection tion available to the New York Times regard­ vincing the American people that he has a to the request of the gentleman from ing the operation of the Passport Office and workable plan for ending American partici­ Louisiana? lookout list in such documents as the War­ pation in the war-Vietnamization. There was no objection. ren Commission Report, testimony at Con­ It was one thing for American generals to gressional Hearings, and its own sources of call for American reinforcements for a more information from within the Department of "aggressive" allied strategy to shorten the State. It is, indeed, unfortunate that the New confiict. "DRAGONLADY" OR PUBLIC York Times consistently demonstrates such It appears to be another thing for the DEFENDER? an irratonal, antagonistic phobia on virtually all matters which concern the security of the South Vietnamese, while American ground (Mr. WYMAN asked and was given forces are withdrawing, to undertake to wipe United States. out enemy bases in Laos and Cambodia with permission to address the House for 1 You mention the scare headlines of Feb­ only American air support. minute, to revise and extend his re­ ruary 11, and February 16, 1971, as they ap­ In operations against Cambodian sanc­ marks, and to include extraneous mat­ peared in the New York Times. Let us con­ tuaries last spring, the South Vietnamese ter.) sider them: the first reads "Passport Office forces showed military capability. If they can Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is has Secret File" and the subhead reads "243,- do as well against the enemy supply net­ essential that the Department of State's 135 Names in Computer-Applications work in Laos, Mr. NiXon's gamble will look Screened". The average reader draws the in­ Passport Division maintain records con­ ference that a gestapo is loose in Washing­ good. cerning persons whose citizenship is If not, another American president may be ton-that the Passport Office is in the "sur­ deciding that one elective term is enough. questionable-are in the United States ve11lance" business--an untrue but favorite The "doves" may be nesting now. A military contrary to law, smugglers, revolution­ charge and repetitive of that particular New setback would get them fluttering again. ists, subversives, convicted criminals, York newspaper. The second article was head­ violators of immigration regulations in lined "Raw Mat.erial for the Snoopers"-a The following are two paragraphs the past, military deserters, selective further insinuation that something akin to which were deleted from the original the dreaded KGB has established a base in service delinquents, airplane hijackers, the Passport Office. Potter story and should have been in­ adjudicated mental incompetents, and serted following the third paragraph un­ Let us consider some background of the so forth. The maintenance of such New York Times' preoccupation with misin­ der the subheadline "McCarthy's Bid," records by name in the Department is forming the public on the contents of Pass­ and prior to the paragraph beginning appropriately designated a "lookout" port Office files and the operation of the "Contrast the national reaction.": file and is under the jurisdiction of the Passport Office. Mr. Hoopes, in a book he wrote after leav­ Director of the Passport Office, a staunch On March 8, 1966, the Passport Office sent ing the Pentagon, while not acknowledging a routine classified message to the American this tip to Mr. Dale, stated that "Public though oft misrepresented American, Embassies in Moscow and Paris concerning knowledge of the 206,000 figure helped (Mc­ Miss Frances Knight. the travel abroad of Henry Stuart Hughes, a Carthy) tremendously." Last week, the New York Times again Harvard University Professor on sabbatical In any case, the McCarthy vote clearly in­ indulged itself in dissemination of semi­ leave. This message requested these embassies fluenced the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy paranoid editorializing in the form of re­ to notify the Department of any informa­ to enter the Presidential race, and that, in marks in a column by Tom Wicker re­ tion received by them concerning Professor turn, no doubt influenced President Johnson ferring to Director Knight as "the Hughes' activities abroad. not to run for another term. General West­ dragon lady of the State Department," This classified message was "leaked" to the moreland was soon recalled to be made Army New York Times and was virtually quoted Chief of Staff. and to the lookout file as some kind of verbatim by that newspaper. In its issue of an invasion of privacy in the nature of March 23, 1966, the New York Times touched snooping. This is baloney, pure and off its ever-ready panic button and alleged simple. the State Department was conducting a ADJOURNMENT OVER TO THURS­ "surveillance" of U.S. citizens during their DAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1971 This sort of editorializing is the same old story of delusions of persecution on travel abroad. The article further stated that Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ Miss Frances G. Knight, Director of the Pass­ the part of some who are hipped that port Office, "had been reproved by her imous consent that when the House ad­ rights of personal privacy override the superiors" for sending the message. Both journs today it adjourn to meet on necessary recordkeeping requirements of statements were lies. Thursday next. Government in respect to individual In a letter of March 23, 1966, Senator Ed­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection backgrounds that are of demonstrated ward M. Kennedy asked the then Secretary --

3646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 23, 1971 of State, Dean Rusk, to comment on the New study of the passport procedures and was Government in advising them of the travel York Times' a.rtlcle. The Department of State based on oral testimony before the Commit­ or contemplated travel o! known or sus­ by Press Release, No. 74, da.ted April 5, 1966, tee citing numerous studies. Further, so far pected espionage agents, revolutionaries, set out the Secretary's reply to the Senator's as I am aware, Senator Ervin did not char­ communists and subversives who advocate letter. The Secretary stated in part: acterize the Passport Office lookout list as a the violent overthrow of the United States "You inquired first as to "the relationship "secret" file. Government? between the Passport Office and the investi­ The New York Times article state: 8. Does the New York Times advocate the gatory agencies of government, both in the "A spokesman for Senator Ervin, however, removal of the names of airplane hijackers granting of passports and in the surveillance said today that the State Department had re­ and potential hijackers so that police au­ of those who have received passports.' First ported to him in writing that the largest thorities would not be appropriately advised of all, I wish to emphasize most strongly group of nam.es on the list was in the 'known of the prospective travel o! such persons? that no question of surveillance or investi­ or suspected Communists or subversives' cat­ In its article of February 16, 1971, the gation by the Department of State or any egory and that the number of names under New York Times also reports that the State American diplomatic post abroad is involved. 'doubtful citizenship' ranked second." Department had acknowledged maintaining The Department of State has traditionally I do not know the identity of the un­ a secret surveillance file of passport appli­ been the agency of the Government to which named "spokesman" referred to in the arti­ cants. other Departments turn for cooperation and cle. However, the facts which the Passport The Passport Office has no information assistance in aspects of their responsibilities Office furnished to the upper echelons in the that the State Department or anyone con­ relating to areas outside the United States. Department of State handling all the con­ nected with it "acknowledged maintaining a These have included requests for information tacts with Senator Ervin's office speci:flcally secret surveillance file of passport appli­ the Department may receive concerning in­ indicated that the great majority of names cants". But I reiterate I do not know who dividuals travelling abroad. Requests of this contained in the lookout file relate to loss of the New York Times confers with in the De­ kind have been sent routinely to the Passport citizenship, questionable citizenship or in­ partment of State. Nevertheless, the New Office in the Department. Also routinely, such sufficient evidence of citizenship. Informa­ York Times has available to it public infor­ requests have been passed on to our diplo­ tion to this effect was also furnished by me mation to the effect that the State Depart­ matic missions abroad, with a request that to Mr. Ben Franklln of the New York Times ment has, in the past, denied emphatically the mission should forward to the Depart­ on February 10, 1971 in an interview re­ that it maintains survelllance of passport ment any information that it may receive in quested by that reporter. applicants. As previously stated in this com­ normal course of business during the travel As reported by the New York Times, Sena­ munication, Secretary Rusk in Press Release of an American citizen. The diplomatic mis­ tor Ervin is alleged to have said that while #74 of April 5, 1966, denied categorically sions have not been asked to conduct any there might be legitimate reasons for main­ any question of surveillance or investiga­ surveillance or to engage in any investiga­ taining portions of the Passport Office file, tion of passport bearers by the Department tive process. They have merely been asked to many of the justifications for it given to his of State or any American diplomatic post transmit certain information they may re­ subcommittee by the State Department were abroad. That the State Department would ceive which, in the absence of a. request from beyond any reason whatsoever. now acknowledge maintaining a "secret sur­ the Department, they might have no occa­ Insofar as the Passport Office is aware, the veillance file" is astounding. I am not aware sion to report." (Emphasis added) Department of State was not asked and made of any such file. The Passport Office was merely following a. no effort to justify the various categories in As stated repeatedly, the lookout file main­ routine practice established by the Depart­ the lookout file. The New York Times listing tained in the Passport Office is no secret. ment of State in cooperation with other of some of the categories deliberately im­ Its existence has been the subjeot of pub­ areas of the Federal Government. Former pugns the necessity for and reasonableness of lication by the Warren Commission and Secretary of State Rusk answered this Con­ the lookout file and gives rise to some very ot hers. gressional inquiry in a forthright manner pertinent questions: There is no survelllance, watch, observa­ which even the New York Times should be 1. Does the New York Times advocate the tion, or other type of spying on passport ap­ able to comprehend. issuance of U.S. passports to persons who are plicants by the Passport Office, or by the The current misrepresentation in the New not citizens of the United States in violation Department of State. York Times was occasioned by a speech made of law (22 USC 212)? At the conclusion of its article of February by Senator Sam J. Ervin, Jr., on February 9, 2. Does the New York Times advocate the 11, 1971, the New York Times states: "Miss 1971, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania., expressing his facilitation of travel of arms smugglers, per­ Knight said sh e would not necessarily notify legitimate concern with violations of the sons engaged in revolutionary activities or anyone that he was included in the file even First Amendment Rights of free speech and those who have a record of criminal activity if the 'adverse action' were taken in her own freedom to associate. The Senator's speech abroad? These are examples of the persons office, through the denial of a passport." has not been made available to me. No Pass­ whose "actions do not reflect to the credit This statement is misleading. I speci:fl­ port Office representative was present when of the u.s. abroad (1,040 persons)." ca.lly staJted to Mr. Ben Franklin of the New a. spokesman for the Department of State 3. Does the New York Times advocate York Times, during the interview on Febru­ briefed a. member of the Senator's staff con­ non-compliance with the conclusions of the ary 10, 1971, that, if no adverse passport ac­ cerning Passport Office procedures. There­ Warren Commission and Presidential direc­ tion was taken, the person would not be fore, I have no firsthand knowledge of what tives that all agencies cooperate with the notified of the tact that his name was con­ was said. Secret Service and other law enforcement tained in the lookout file. Some names in With specified reference to the New York agencies in reporting defectors, expatriates the lookout file are not based on the con­ Times article of February 11, 1971, it should and repatriates who are considered to be a templat ion of passport denial. They are be made clear that the Passport Office has class potentially dangerous to the life of the there merely for the purpose of informing statutory and regulatory authority for the President of the United States? Persons in law enforcement agencies with a legitimate maintenance of records of persons who for this category meet the criterion established interest that a. person is traveling abroad. one reason or another, mainly citizenship, by Federal security agencies responsible for If adverse passport action is taken, the Pass­ should not be issued a passport. the program of protecting the life of the port Regulations, which are distributed pub­ This authority is: 22 USC 211 (a) and 212; President of the United States and other licly and were handed to Mr. Ben Franklin by 8 USC 1105; 8 USC 1185; Presidential Procla­ Federal officials. me personally, specifically require that the mation 3004; Executive Order 11295; and the 4. Does the New York Times advocate the person affected be notified of the reasons for Passport Regulations 22 CFR Parts 50, 51 and issuance of passports to persons who are the the action, of the evidence upon which it 53. In addition, the Passport Office is bound subject of criminal warrants of arrest issued was based, and of his right to a hearing. by the conclusion of the Warren Commission by competent legal authorities? This ques­ The New York Times article, either delib­ arising from its report on transactions be­ tion is particularly pertinent in the light of erately or through misinformation received tween Lee Harvey Oswald and the State De­ current domestic crime problems. In other from sources outside the Passport Office, partment. The New York Times is aware of words, does the Times advocate that the has created a. totally erroneous impression this fact in view of the ample lineage it gave Passport Office refuse to cooperate with law of the Passport Office lookout file and has, the Warren Commission Report. enforcement agencies of the Federal and as a. result, completely distorted Senator The New York Times article dated Feb­ State governments? Ervin's inquiry into an area of legitimate ruary 11, 1971 is captioned "Passport Office 5. Does the New York Times advocate a concern to him. The New York Times, it has Secret File." The fact that the Passport refusal to respect court orders granting the would appear, has either infected itself or Office has such a :tlle is not a secret; lt was custody of children to one of the parents, is deliberat ely attempting to infect its readers published in 1964in the hearings of the War­ thereby permitting through the issuance of a. with an Orwellian Syndrome. ren Commission; the categories of persons passport the other parent to illegally take It is abundant ly evident that the New listed in the Passport Office "lookout :tlle" chlldren out of the country? York Times could not control its phobia on ha. ve been discussed in various Congressional 6. Does the New York Times advocate the subject because three days later, on hearings available to the New York Times as travel assistance to military deserters or se­ February 14, 1971, it published a picture well as to the public. Particular reference is lective s~rvice delinquents who are subjects of the New York Passport Agency and cap­ made to a report of AprU 4, 1957 issued by of warrants of arrest? tioned it thus : t he Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights 7. Does the New York Times advocate non­ "Nearly 2 million Americans apply for paSB­ of the Senate Judiciary Committee. This re­ cooperation and non-compliance with the port s every year. Last week another Passport port sets forth, at length, an exhaustive security/intelllgence agencies of the Federal Office service was revealed-a secret com- February 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3647 puterized file of 243,135 names that may be interested in marketing. This country stress the need for ending tax discrimi­ 'of interest' to Government law enforcement will remain free as long as it is strong. nation against young people who would Agencies. The iile is said to include 'sus­ stand to inherit a family-owned farming pected Oomm-unists and subversives' and We will be strong only as long as our those of 'questionable c1tlzensh1p' ". economy is strong. These young people operation. This legislation provides that Thus the New York Times published an­ will do their part to keep it that way. estate taxes on family ranches, farms, other calculated falsification. The 243,135 and small businesses be computed on the names are not released to "law enforceme.nt property's earning power instead of the agencies", as the caption indicates. A few are, NATIONAL FUTURE FARMERS inflated sales prices based on speculative but only a small fraction of the whole and OF AMERICA land values. the questions arise aga.ln-questions as to Thailand­ doctrine in Asia. by considering both the sent. Western Europe's economic recovery Vietnam disputes) than by so much em­ obvious special difficulties confronting the was rapid. National conflicts were not so phasis on building anti-Communist "posi­ United States there and the inherent differ­ severe as to prevent the forination of an tions of strength" through m111tary alliances ences between the situ81tion in Asia. and that alliance. Until recent times, there was broad aimed at China. Actually, the United States in Europe. agreement among the Wes~rn powers about has the strongest kind of interest in pro­ Had the sense of historical perspective the nature of the Soviet threat and how to moting conciliation between all the states of exerted a. more prominent influence on Asian meet it. Consequently, it was to lay a firm Asia in this century of intense nationalism. policy formulation, it is likely that contain­ political foundation for the NATO structure. This interest includes even such issues as ment's central objective of· esta.bllshing a. The political conditions that were indis­ the Sino-Indian boundary dipute. However, hard political and mllitary line between a pensible to the creation of security arrange­ it is clear that the incessant conflict and U.S. and a. Chinese sphere of influence would ments in Europe are absent in Asia, where rivalry among Asia's non-COinmunist states have seemed infeasible from the beginning. very few powers see their security interests go further to destabll1ze Asian politics than In Western Europe, the basis for effective in the same way. Except for Taiwan, all of do the actions taken thus far by the Peking U.S. containment measures was soundly the Asian powers have an enemy or enemies regime. conceived because these measures were whom their leaders apparently regard as The existence of intense rivalries among applied in defense of communities long­ more threatening than China. Japan, for ex· Asia's non-Communist powers, rivalries that established within the framework of a ample, st111 regards Russia. as at least as result from their own conceptions of national nation-state system. Moreover, special ties great a. threat to her security as China. interests and objectives, has produced a re­ bound the United States to Great Britain Moreover, the common threat to South Korea sponse in Asia to the fact of Chinese Com­ and France. By applying the containment and Japan that developed as a. result of munist power that is altogether different doctrine in the West, the United States, for the Korean War has yet to result in a. real from Europe's reaction to the Soviet threat. the third time in this century, reaffirmed rapprochement between these two countries; At no time has there emerged anything like the strategic principle that had ~rmerly but without such an understanding, no an Asian consenus about how to regard governed Britain's pollcy toward Europe: "little NATO" in Northeast Asia. can be built. Chinese m111tary or political intentions. It No single continental power was to be per­ For these and other historical, economic, would be difficult to show that any Asian mitted to conquer or dominate the European and psychological reasons it is doubtful that countries capable of independent action have nation-state system. Further, the U.S. meas­ any anti-China security arrangement can accepted the United States' assessment of ures to contain Russia in Europe were Win Japan's enthusiastic participation. In China. This judgment is supported by the strengthened by the historic determination fact, only the United States and South Korea. fact that the United States has been unable of the Western democracies to preserve their have indicated interest in an alignment With to construct, even informally, an alliance established order and values. Taiwan against Peking. structure in the Far East, directed against In Asia, the containment doctrine has been In Southeast Asia., the menace to Tha1· Peking, which includes the major Asian applied to an area where a. nation-state land, Laos, and South Vietnam comes in powers. It is well known that even some system is only just beginning to emerge the first instance not from China. but from allies of the United States, given the balance amid unpredictable upheavals of a kind that a. very independent and highly nationalistic of power that so heavily favors Russia and characterized Europe three centuries earlier. regime in Hanoi. North Vietnamese expan­ the United States, do not regard Peking as a. It is only since 1949 that the restoration or sion into Southeast Asia. also alarms Cam· serious millta.ry menace to themselves. At the a strong, unified China, the withdrawal of bodia, but not as much as her fear of Thai same time, there can be scarcely a govern­ the Western colonial powers, and the forina.­ and South Vietnamese aspirations to recover ment in the Far East today that is not aware tion of new independent countries have lost territories at Phnom Penh's expense. of how useful it is, in dealing with the United created the beginnings of a modern nation­ Prince Slhanouk believes these two historic States, to invent or exaggerate fears of a. state system in Asia. enemies have aligned themselves With the Chinese bogeyina.n. The question in Asia is not how a tra­ United States, not so much to contain China The United States, far removed from Asia ditionally functioning system can be or North Vietnam as to secure the arms and and from direct threat by China., stands al­ rehabilitated but how a very new system tacit backing of the United States for the most alone in emphasizing the urgent men­ pursuit of their irredentist claims on Cam· ace of Peking, while most of the countries •The views expressed 1n this paper are bodia-hence, his close ties with Peking in the region, who ought to be highly sensi­ those of the author. They should not be in­ and deference to Hanoi. Sim1la.r fears influ­ tive to any Chinese threat, have taken a more terpreted as reflecting the views of The ence Pakistan, whose government (under­ conservative view of their Chinese neighbor's RAND Corporation or the official opinion or standably) believes India is gearing her intentions. Even India's bitter hostlllty to policy of any of its governmental or private defenses less to protect the subcontinent Peking has not produced anything Uke the research sponsors. from Chinese invasion than to dominate devil-theory of China that has grown up in February 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3651 the United States. To sum up, the states o! Burma, Pakistan, Cambodia, Ceylon, Nepal, the Chinese argue, it is indispensable that Asia have not agreed on the existence o! a and Indonesia. Peking is outspokenly hostile a real Marxist-Leninist party organize for common external threat; but such an agree­ to all members of the American anti-China and be prepared to use armed revolutionary ment seems to be an indispensable condition bloc. She seeks in various ways, including struggle. Otherwise the chances are very for the success of policies modeled on Eu­ the threat to support revolutionary elements, slim tha-t a Communist party could come ropean-type containment. to convince their leaders that making com­ to power, much less be strong enough to mon cause with the United Sta-tes carries carry out a dictatorsbip of the proletariat. APPRAISING CHINA'S INTENTIONS certain risks; that it is not possible for any Peking's actual behavior and her ideologi­ It is not only the inherent differences be­ of them to support the United States 1n op­ cal theses on revolution reveal that she is tween the political structure of non-Com­ posing China and have friendly relations prepared to refrain from direct interference munist Asia and western Europe that cast with Peking at the same time. Even in rela­ in the competition (whether peaceful or doubt on the validity of applying European­ tion to countries in this category, however. violent) between Communist parties and type containment doctrines to the Far East. China's actions-as distinguished !rom her the "bourgeois" classes in Asian countries, so The aims and direction of Chinese Commu­ verbal condemnations-have been cautious long as the United St at es also does not di­ nist policy-indeed, the nature of the Com­ and restrained. To those Asian governments rectly intervene in these countries• politics.1 munist challenge in Asia itself-must be that decline alignment with the United This is the essence of the Chinese version evaluated in terms that are largely irrelevant States, Peking offers such explicit rewards of peaceful coexistence in Asia, formulated to European experience. Menacing Soviet ac­ as border settlements, aid, and China's non­ more than ten years ago at the Bandung tions in Europe presented such a clear and support of insurrectionary tactics by· local Conference.2 China has not violated her own present danger to all concerned that they revolutionaries. This Chinese stance refiects ground rules in relation to any independent provoked the creation of the NATO alliance. not only the limitations on Peking's mili­ Asian country, regardless of its social sys­ Since the Russian forward pressure came tary capab111ties !or large-scale aggressive tem, except where the United States has after the Western powers had already ac­ actions, but, vastly more important, her rec­ come to play a direct role in support of quiesced in considerable territorial and po­ ognition that naked and unprovoked aggres­ "bourgeois" regimes' competition with local litical concessions in Eastern Europe to meet sion against her neighbors would threaten the Communist parties. The disput e with Mos­ alleged Soviet security interests, there was collapse o! her entire diplomacy in Asia. cow on the meaning of peaceful coexistenca general agreement in Western Europe that Since the Bandung Conference, China has h as arisen over the issue of what the policy Moscow's intentions were not defensive in attempted to compose her relations with any of the Communist powers should be in sit­ nature. The American effort to equate genuinely nonaligned neighbors in order to uations where the United States rushes in to China's intervention in the Korean conflict identify and isolate the United States as the prop up a non-Communist regime that is in and her use of force in the Taiwan dispute, aggressive power and to find common ground danger of losing the competit ion with its in Tibet, and on the Indian boundary with with Asian nationalism for the purpose o! local Communist opponent. China argues Soviet behavior in Eastern Europe has ob­ organlzlng opposition to the policies of the that the Communist bloc should try to deter, viously failed to convince most Asian gov­ United States. or by various means oppose, attempts by t he ernments that China has aggressive inten­ Since the m id-1950's, China's diplomatic United States to use her own power unilat­ tions toward them. This failure suggest s why efforts to prevent her neighbors from being erally to determine the outcome of the com­ the United States has been unable to crys­ drawn into the American anti-China align­ petition between the bourgeois elites and talize opinion in these countries behind any ment have consistently enjoyed priority the Communist forces. The Chinese leaders' genuine Asian regional security arrange­ over Peking's commitment to support Com­ views of their own national interests re­ ments to curb a supposed threat of Chinese munist revolutions. The Chinese position on quires this position, for they regard the expansion. revolution, which is central to an accurate United States as bent on organizing all Asia In explaining Chinese action, Pakistan, understanding of her policies in Asia, should into a belt o! client-states opposing Peking. Burma. Cambodia, Nepal, even Indonesia and not be misunderstood or distorted. China These fears are less disturbing to the Soviet our ally Japan, have tended to give more encourages armed "revolutionary" action on leaders, who have long betrayed noticeable weight to traditional, nationalistic, and de­ the part of Communists or other dissidents ambivalence about the desirability of fully fensive motives than to purely "aggressive" in countries where special conditions exist-­ opposing the United States in Asia if to do Communist revolutionary impulses. This is that is, where the so-called "imperialist" so would benefit the interests of the Chinese not to say that these non-Communist Asian powers have interposed themselves, as in state. countries have been unconcerned about Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Laos, South As her power increases, of course, it is China's actions, her power, or her Commu­ Vietnam, and most recently, Thailand (after possible that China may abandon her pres­ nist system. But it is clear that most of U.S. military forces arrived in that coun­ ent compromise with independent Asian na­ these countries rely on their own perception try) . Ostensibly nonaligned governments, tionalist regimes and, under the protection of their Chinese neighbor, and their percep­ as in India, have also to reckon with Peking's of her own nuclear deterrent, energetically tion is such that the United States is un­ anger when they adopt "anti-China" pol­ attempt to impose Communist regimes on likely to succeed in arousing a high level of icies. One listens in vain, however, for the her neighbors. That possibility cannot be Asian fear about China unless Peking be­ strident Chinese call to "revolution" in any dismissed lightly, but it is a course of action haves in a manner far more threatening to Asian country that is clearly independent fraught with grave risks for Peking. While them, collectively and individually, than she of American tutelage and pursues a policy it is conceivable that China might attempt has done to date. It is recognized in anum­ of accommodation with Peking. to invade small neighboring countries or to ber of Asian capitals that China's belliger­ Where supporting revolution conflicts with foment and support revolution in them, it China's hope to wean non-Communist is far less likely that she will feel confident ence is largely a function of her special rival­ Asian governments away from the United ry with the United States over Taiwan and enough to undertake such measures against States, revolution is pushed into the back­ large Asian powers such as India, Pakistan, other issues. Hence these countries have ground. China has advised in her ideo­ chosen to avoid alignments that would con­ Indonesia, and Japan. Some of these nations logical pronouncements on revolution that will be able to move in the nuclear direction flict with their own interest in stabilizing local Communist parties, though they should relations with Peking. Their aim has been, at some future time; should Peking, without learn !rom Chairman Mao, must in the final provocation, take an aggressive attitude to­ quite obviously, to avoid inflaming relations analysis find their own formulas for taking with China, and they do not wish to be ward these countries, she would run the power. In those Asian countries thM re­ risk of hastening the development of an anti­ drawn into the Sino-American quarrel. Asian ma.in independent o! the United States and reactions to the issues raised in Korea, Tai­ China nuclear club. Nothing would seem so friendly to China, Peking shuns calling up­ well calculated to drive non-Communist Asia wan, Tibet, India, and Vietnam have been on the local parties to attempt "a.dven­ extremely varied and at no time has any of closer to the United States (or Russia) as turist" revolutionary actions that confiict an attempt by Peking to coerce her neigh­ these conflicts produced an Asian front with her own diplomacy. Toward govern­ against China s1m1lar to that which the So­ bors into unconditional surrender to Chinese ments in this category, China's basic policy demands. viet Union brought on herself by her actions for more than a decade has been to concen­ in Europe. The disparity of views among the trate wherever possible on currying favor non-Communist Asian powers, and between with nationallst leaders (some of whom, 1 The definitive statement of the Chinese them and the United States, about China's from the Communist viewpoint, can scarce­ position on "peaceful coexistence" with other intentions robs the policy of containment ly be described as "progressive") and to en­ non-Communist states was set forth in the of the basic consensus that was essential to courage the local party to develop the art Sixth Comment on the Open Letter o! the its success in Europe. of skilled united-front tactics. Local Com­ Central Committee o'! the CPSU, "Peaceful China's foreign policy has also helped to munists are expected to exploit the various Coexistence-Two Diametrically Opposed undermine the appeal of the containment "contradictions" in their own country so Policies," published December 12, 1963. The doctrine in Asia. The basic direction of her as to place themselves in a position to take full text is in The Polemic on the General foreign policy in Asia since 1954 has been power when the old incompetent order col­ Line of the International Communist Move­ toward seeking an adjustment of contentious lapses. Peking encourages local parties to ment (Peking 1965), 259-301. issues between herself and such of her neigh­ take power by the parliamentary or peace­ 'For complete texts o! Chou En-lai's three bors as were not allied with or seemingly ful path if they can, but she points out speeches at the Bandung Conference on rela­ under the control of the United States. Thus, that there is no instance in which the bour­ tions with Asian countries, see China and for more than a decade, China has worked geois classes have permitted a Communist the Asian-African Conference (Documents) to norma.Uze relations with Afghanlstan, party to win power "democratically." Hence, (Peking 1955) . 3652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 23, 1971 Seen dispassionately, China's policies in in both these countries would act as a major Korea that ideological affinity and territorial Asia are more characteristic of a traditional curb on Chinese expans.ion in the most de- proximity between Communist states do not great power than of a revolutionary rene­ cisive theater, Northeast Asia, even the un- result in the subordination of the smaller gade. The commitment to revolution plays a likely event of a total withdrawal of Amer- partners. Already it is evident that North special part in Chinese policies, but in aspir­ lean power. The departure of the United Korea and North Vietnam will develop their ing to great-power status, Peking emphasizes States from Asia would no doubt gratify own distinctive national personalities and such traditional and conventional instru­ Peking, but it would not clear the path for forms: neither is now or is likely to become ments as diplomacy, economic power, and Chinese hegemony. Ra.ther, it would set the simply a small replica of "the thought of Mao the presence or threat of force. The demands stage for a different kind of power struggle Tse-tung." In the past, both regimes have of the Chinese regime for certain irredentas, in the area. shown a willingness to depart from the Chi- spheres of influence, and concessions to its Since the nineteenth century, both Japan nese line on key issues. ShoUld other Com­ security interests are opposed by the United and Russia have tried to be expansionist munist regimes emerge in Southeast Asia­ States and the Soviet Union, each of them powers at China's expense. No Chinese gov- in Vietnam, say, or possibly in Indonesia­ much more powerful than China. Peking ernment 1B likely to rid itself of the old fear Peking cannot assume on the basis of past cannot hope to force concessions from either that these two powers might again take the experience that they will follow her lead. of these powers by provoking a direct test of path of aggression against China or combine Actually, China must remain worried that strength. But it is quite evident that Com­ against her interests in Asia. If a disengage- such regimes may seek more freedom of ac­ munist China does not intend to accept pas­ ment were ever to occur between the United tion by currying favor with the SOviet sively a position and influence in the world, States and China, it seems very probable Union--or, for that matter, with the West. particularly in Asia, that she regards a.s being that China's attention would turn to the Consequently, it is by no means clear at this dictated either by the Soviet Union or by the older problem of opposing Russian and Jap- point that China's leaders would prefer the United States. It is doubtful that any Chi­ anese penetration of the Asian mainland. In development of stable, independent, diverse, nese leadership born in this century would the twentieth century this old three-power and highly nationalistic Communist regimes react differently. But the Chinese leaders are rivalry might take a different form than it in SOutheast Asia in preference to the pro­ not the only ones in Asia and in other areas did in the past, but the steady rise of Russian longed continuation of weak non-Commu­ with aspirations that go beyond the position and Japanese power would continue to be a nist regimes led by men willing to defer to Russia or America would assign to them. basic obstacle to Chinese hegemony. The China's interests in return for Peking's re­ China's call to "revolution" is directed pri­ longer and much deeper history of China's spect of the essential sovereignty of their marily to existing and potential elites in fear of Russia and Japan may one day exert countries. Asia and elsewhere whom she regards as a powerful influence on future Chinese None of the elites of the principal Asian likely to share with her an interest in alter­ leaders' attitudes toward the United States, nations-Japan, India, Pakistan, Indonesia­ ing any status quo imposed by U.S. or Soviet if a major conflict between the two powers on whose political and military stance a policies. does not come to pass. great deal of China's ultimate position and The model she has offered tc these poten­ The natural direction for Chinese expan- influence in Asia depends, have shown tial Communist and nationalist allies, in the sion, it is usually thought, is into Southeast themselves to be anybody's pawns-Russia's, hope that their revolutionary efforts will Asia, where China has historically exerted China's, or America's. The United States and shake U.S. and Soviet domination, is one influence. China's nearness and the absence Russia have failed on the whole in their derived from Chinese Communist revolu­ of strong indigenous military powers have attempts to manipulate Asian nationalism tionary experience. The Chinese leaders be­ led to the assumption that she is destined to so as to support their own state strategies lieve that under favorable conditions, well­ dominate Southeast Asia unless resolutely in the cold war. By now it ought to be ap­ trained and indoctrinated Communist par­ deterred by the United States. This fits in parent that there is not going to be either ties can integrate this model with their own neatly with theories about power vacuums, an American or a SOviet solution to Asia's concrete situations and can ultimately take But the major Southeast Asian countries postcolonial problems. By its nature that goal power. The Chinese do not say that revolu­ themselves have strongly resisted the idea of was never really attainable, but it seemed to tion can or should be launched everywhere; being drawn into China's orbit (or anyone be a serious aspiration at one time because they actively support unrest only in certain else's). All of the countries in this area, in- both Russia and America have been at­ carefully defined revolutionary situations: eluding Vietnam, share an antipathy toward tracted, to a different degree and in very where "imperialism" (i.e., the United States) Chinese pretensions to superiority and dom- different ways, to the notion that they have is present, and where the prescribed local inance whether on the part of local Chinese special world ideological missions. Peking conditions of success exist. Peking is the populations or of the Peking government. may believe China can succeed where two master, not the servant, of its revolutionary Nearly all the countries of Southeast Asia vastly richer and stronger superpowers failed, ideology. possess impressive geographic barriers against but the post-World War II history of Asian The entire Chinese line on revolution has a major Chinese invasion. Moreover, they all nationalism indicates very clearly that none been fashioned to support the great-power are well aware that Soviet and American of the great powers will be likely to succeed policies Peking pursues in her contest With power interests are also opposed to Chinese in this endeavor. the United States and the SOviet Union. predominance, although not aU agree with It should not be forgotten that between Where Chin.:.'s leaders have believed their the United States about how to deal with 1948 and 1951, during the heyday of Sino­ interests in this fundamental struggle oould China. Contrary to the experience of past Soviet cooperation, the Communist parties be best served by supporting foreign Com­ centuries, when her spreading culture was a of Asia tried very hard to use armed in­ munist revolutionary movements, they have powerful vehicle for claims to regional pre- surrection as a means of discrediting and done so. But wherever they have believed dominance, China's influence as a whole has destroying such leaders as Nehru, Sukarno, they could advance in the contest With Mos­ been declining in Southeast Asia. Recently U Nu, and others. In every instance where cow and Washington by supporting an odd excluded from the area by the Western im- the non-Communist leadership could lay assortment of friendly nationalist, militarist, perial powers, China now faces the intense genuine claim to representing the force of or monarchial regimes, they have not hesi­ nationalism that has captured the successor nationalism, the Communist rebellions were tated to leave local Communist parties to states since World War II. crushed. So complete was the failure of these their own fate. Had Peking's actions con­ The existence of fraternal Communist par- parties' assaults on nationalism that the formed to the devil-theory of China that ties, the most successful of which have been Communist movement was forced to come to has grown up in the United States, the ap­ every bit as nationalistic as the Chinese terms and to sh~ft to policies of peaceful peal of the containment policy in Asia would party, has not constituted an unmixed bless- coexistence-a new line first championed by no doubt be much greater than it is today. ing as far as Peking's search for preeminence the Communist parties of China, India, in the area is concerned. These parties have and Indonesia, and only later by the Soviet OBSTACLES TO CHINESE PREEMINENCE IN ASIA been useful and necessary allies, as in Viet- Union. It should also be added that except It is not surprtsing that a state With nam and Laos, in opposing the American for the special case of Malaya, the most poUt­ China's present power and long history effort to turn the 1954 Geneva agreement ically significant defeats inflicted on Com­ should aspire to regional preeminence. But on Indochina into an anti-Communist and munist movements have come at the hands the task of transforming such ambitions in anti-China front. On the other hand, some of nonaligned nationalist governments, and, Asia into reality promises .to be very difficult. of these highly nationalistic and ambitious as the recent suppression of the Indonesian Various forces in Asia, independent of Amer­ Communist parties, like the Indonesian one, Communist pa,rty again demonstrates, these ican power, seem likely to curb Peking's in­ often complicate China's diplomatic dealings defeats were brought about without the fluence. with nationalist governments. The stronger assistance of the United States. The position of the Chinese state in Asia 1s Asian Communist movements have all shown The fear, expressed in the argument that not comparable to that of the United States an independent temper, and this has in- neutralism or nonalignment is simply a tern­ in the Western hemisphere or to Russia's creased their freedom to take actions con- porary way station on the road to commu­ position in Eastern Europe. In add!l.tion to trary to China's interests. nism, that Peking and other Communists the United States, Peking confronts, in Rus­ The Chinese leaders believe that the re- can push over popular nationalist regimes sia, Japan, India-Pakistan, and Indonesia, moval of Western influence from Asia, cou- ltke "dominoes" once a Communist revolu­ large powers which, irrespective of their pled with prolonged internal instability, will tion succeeds somewhere else, is overwhelm­ political order, have reason to oppose main­ eventually aid local Communist movements ingly contradicted by the proven vitality of land China's hegemony in Asia. Russia's and in coming to power. But China's leaders, no Asian nationalism in the last twenty years. Japan's interests are very different from less than Russia's are already discovering in The Chinese Communists were the first to China's, arut. the power complex developing their relations with North Vietnam and North recognize, more than a decade ago, that gen- FebTuary 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3653 uine non-Communist nationalism was no­ tries they are, the Communist threat to Asia would survive in India or Japan in the event body's pushover and that efforts by local would not disappear if Communist China's of a serious crisis. Communist parties to prove the contrary presence vanished from the scene tomorrow. In Asia, however, the absence of quasi­ would bear bitter fruit. In Asia, it is only There most certainly are both immediate democratic, pluralistic institutions has not where an existing leadership has not earned, and long-range prospects that the kind o! proved to be an insuperable obstacle to and therefore cannot claim, the mandate of future the United States would like to see maintaining stable political communities nationalism that Communist parties have develop in Asia will not come about. And the based on the tacit or expressed consent or been able to make a serious challenge for nature of the threat to idea.lized. U.S. hopes the governed. Indeed, some Asian societies power-a challenge based on their own at­ is primarily the potential rise of authoritar­ are likely to find what they regard as the tempt to seize power from those who either ian or totali tar ian regimes in response to a appropriate balance between the conflicting lost that mandate or never had it. broad pattern of grievances long felt and long demands of progress, justice, and order best achieved within a traditional-authoritarian THE REAL AMERICAN PROBLEM IN ASIA uncorrected. But this danger comes not from the Left alone, in the shape of communism, political system that is in harmony with Much discussion about the threat of Chi­ but also from the Right, in the form of au­ their historical development. What has nese Communist expansion exaggerates what thoritarian, oligarchic regimes representing proved to be the indispensable condition for Peking is capable of doing both now and later the m1litary, the privileged social classes, and maintaining a stable non-Communist po­ and underplays the role of indigenous forces the commercial element. There are numerous litical order is that the government and its at work in neighboring countries affected by examples--Laos, Indonesia, Vietnam, Kera­ leaders win and retain the confidence of their Chinese policies but clearly free from Chi­ l~to show that when the Communist par­ people as genuine exponents of nationalism. nese domination. This is a critical distinction ties are likely to take power, whether through Where this common bond of nationalism to make, for the fact is that China is assigned elections or revolution, the rightist classes links leaders and citizens, no Communist far more responsibility than she deserves for are likely to agree on a coercive political solu­ movement in Asia has been able to sever it the disturbances that lie at the roots of tion of their own invention, rather than to at the polls or on the battlefield. American anxiety about Asia. It is simply not accept one formulated in Moscow and All this is true even in era when U.S. mili­ true t hat Peking or any other Communist Peking. tary power has been overwhelming and when power can successfully "turn on" a Com­ vast sums have been made available for aid munist revolution wherever it chooses. Nei­ For a long time, United States assumptions about political developments in Asia have to any regimes that would hoist the anti­ ther Peking's actions nor her ideological pro­ Communist banner. The United States has nouncements have created the essential con­ contained the unwarranted expectation that somehow national communities based on been at no disadvantage compared to the ditions that have energized the growth of some form of democratic consensus ought to, Communists in her resources for waging the the Communist movement in Asian countries. or are likely to, flourish in the area, pro­ contest in Asia. Quite the opposite is true. Local Communist parties have scored impres­ The real difficulties that beset the United sive gains, invariably, in those countries vided an assumed Communist threat to their States arise primarily from the nature of the where native non-Communist elites have, by institutions is checked and economic develop­ task she has set out to achieve. That task their own actions, failed to gain or retain ment is encouraged. It is quite natural that has become, evidently, nothing less than to their people's recognition as popular, effec­ the United States, in view of her values and act as a vehicle shaping basic forces of tive nationalists. Local non-Communist elites traditions, should act to promote economical­ change in a vast part of the world that not themselves, not Peking, created the basic ly viable and politically responsible regimes only is entering the nation-building stage of sources of internal discord in Laos, Vietnam, wherever there is a clear indication of local development, but it is also undergoing at and Indonesia, where the most successful purpose and desire. But successful policies the same time the profound experience of Communist movements to date have devel­ for the long run-not based merely on the total cultural transformation. But the oped. Communist strength in these countries year-to-year fluctuation in Communist for­ United States has virtually no ties linking it would be far less today had the non-Commu­ tunes--must take account of the limitations to the traditions that are bound to govern nist political elements subordinated their on what the United States, great though her the evolution of most Asian countries. In private rivalries to the larger task of national power is, can realistically expect to achieve the context of the profound upheaval now consolidation. Where the competition among in a vast and varied part of the world that occurring in Asia independently of great­ the non-Communist elites has not reached has very different traditions from her own. power action, it would be well to ponder the point of destroying the national fabric­ History thus far would appear to show that whether even the United States can reason­ for example, in Japan, Thailand, Pakistan, overt Communist m111tary aggression can be ably expect to exert a decisive molding in­ Burma, Cambodia, Ceylon, India, Malaysia, defeated and that artificially contrived "peo­ fluence on the form or spirit of new national and the Philippines--the Communists have ple's wars" do not succeed in countries whose communities that must ultimately reflect been unable to make a serious bid tfor power. leaders command the consent and loyalty their own diversity, peculiarities, needs, tra­ The plain fact is that Asian communism's of their own people. There is, however, seri­ ditions, and aspirations. It is leaning on a greatest asset is not, and never has been, _ ous reason to doubt that any foreign power, weak reed, in truth, to base long-range poli­ Communist China's potential military threat including the United States, can redeem cies on assumptions that the United States, or her support of revolution. It has been, and the image of harsh and unpopular govern­ or any combination of Western technologi­ continues to be, primarily the existence of ments or can persuade or force unwilling gov­ cal expertise and aid, will somehow be able incompetence and corruption and the lack ernments to take those measures of reform to channel and mold the vast revolution in of a genuine, socially progressive, nation­ that alone can win the support of their own human attitudes and behavior that is pain­ building ethic within the non-Communist populations or build a nationalist following fully under way not only in Asia but in elite in every country where communism has where one does not exist. three-quarters of the world. But if the made serious advances. Conversely, the most Unfortunately, the painful truth is that United States is determined to substitute effective deterrent to Communist gains has Asia's strongest political tradition is the very American power for the absence of indige­ proved t"O be the existence of a non-Commu­ authoritarianism that stands in the way of nous, non-Communist nationalism and to nist elite dedicated to solving its country's such reforms. The variations in this authori­ attempt a basic transformation of the elites problems and therefore capable of holding tarian tradition have been either despotic or and the societies of the far-off countries of the loyalty of its own people. American mili­ benevolent but have remained authoritarian. Asia, let that true purpose be defined for tary power and aid, in themselves, have not The sharing of state power under the rule of what it really is, not displaced onto the proved adequate to find, to build, or to re­ law is an alien conception in many parts of myth of a Chinese Communist bogeyman. place a dedicated, hard-working, non-Com­ Asia. Moreover, the desirability of political It is primarily the evolution of national­ munist elite. Westernization is not at once obvious to most ism, not the foreign policies or ideology of In the absence of indigenously inspired Asians, as it is to Americans. Except where the Peking government, which frustrates the civil strife, gross incompetence among the Western institutions have been imposed forc­ United States in Asia. The power funda­ non-Communists, or a foreign colonial ibly by Western powers, there has been little mentally to change the basic indigenous enemy, no Communist movement in any lasting, indigenously sustained commitment forces shaping the development and char­ Asian country has come even close to taking to socially progressive or politically demo­ acter of nationalism in Asian countries lies power, through either revolutionary or con­ cratic ideas in any Asian country. There is in neither Peking nor Washington. No in­ ventional political strategies. The political, no "free Asia" counterpart to the Western ternal or external Communist power has yet economic, and social upheaval indispensable democratic traditions on which to build ex­ been able to force the submission o'f an inde­ for a successful "people's war" cannot be cept in our own imagination. The United dependent Asian country, however poor and manufactured abroad, and it does not burst States can have hope for and can act to sus­ whatever its political system, whose non­ on the scene overnight. Fundamentally, the tain Japan's, India's, or any other country's Communist leaders can justifiably claim the prospects for successful Communist move­ adoption of consensus-type political com­ mandate of nationalism. It is incredible to ments in Asia depend far less on contriving munities, but there should be no illusions. suppose that the United States can, by the armed insurrection than on the character The foundations of transplanted Western exercise of her own power, claim that man­ date for any non-Communist elite that has and ability of the non-Communist elites. political and social ideas in Asia are weak. Asia's non-Communists, the Chinese believe, not earned it from its own people. And until will do the basic job of disintegrating their Institutions based on them have already been the United States comprehends the full own societies and reputations to the point at overturned in Burma, Korea, Pakistan, Laos, meaning of nationalism in Asia, Communist which Communist parties can effectively ex­ and Indonesia; they have hardly existed in and non-Communist alike, the gap between ploit the situation. If the Chinese are right, other countries of the Far East. One may America's expectations and the real world and the evidence suggests that in some coun- even fairly doubt that Western political forms around her w111 remain frustratingly large. 3654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 23, 1971 EXTENDING TEMPORARY INTEREST thority to set up wage-price controls. I must PUBLIC TELEVISION'S "THE RATE, PRICE, RENT, WAGE, AND point out, however, that we do uot believe TURNED-ON CRISIS" SALARY CONTROL POWERS that a network of general wage-price con­ trols is needed at this time, nor do we be­ The SPEAKER. Under a previous or­ (Mr. WAGGONNER asked and was lieve that the American people would long der of the House, the gentleman from given permission to address the House stand for such regimentation, under pres­ Massachusetts (Mr. CoNTE) is recognized for 1 minute and to revise and extend his ent circumstances. for 10 minutes. remarks and include extraneous matter.) Consequently, in accepting this section, we do so with the advance statement that Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, we have all Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I we do not contemplate any circumstances-­ become increasingly a ware in the last want to commend the President and his short o'f an all out national emergency-in couple of years of the drug culture which administration for having the Secretary which the President would establish general has spread across our Nation. Indeed, the of the Treasury, the Honorable John wage-price controls without a further spe­ use and abuse of drugs has become so Connally, appear before the House Co~­ cific mandate !rom the Congress. This would widespread and has reached such pro­ mittee on Banking and Currency this provide evidence that a majority of the peo­ portions that it is no exaggeration to morning in support of H.R. 4246. This ple favored such controls and would support these. call it a nationwide epidemic. particular proposal is one which would I shall be pleased to respond to your ques­ To help fight this epidemic, many o! extend until March 31, 1973, certain tions. our media have done drug education pro­ temporary interest rate control powers grams and series. However, never before and would also continue authority for has a medium of mass communication the President to establish mandatory TAKE PRIDE IN AMERICA attempted to mount as comprehensive a controls over prices, rents, wages, and nationwide attack on the problem as pub­ salaries at levels n ot less than those pre­ This series combines eight national ministration to realize that this might be Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, prime-time programs devoted to an in­ a worthwhile tool if in their discretionary today we should take note of America's depth study of the drug problem with authority they chose to use it to combat great accomplishments and in so doing concentrated community action efforts inflation. I am happy that our efforts la st renew our faith and confidence in our­ at the local station level. Also as part of year have begun to bear fruit this year, selves as individuals and as a nation. In the project, a series for teachers and and I commend the administration for an open letter to the American people other educators and another for junior recognizing the potential of this particu­ Kenneth G. Meades, an Englishman and high school students will follow lat er in lar measure. now a New York businessman, wrote the year. I include for the RECORD the statement about America, the land of opportunity: In conjunction wit h this national proj­ by Secretary Connally before the Com­ I have seen many countries and lived in ect, the local public television stations in mittee on Banking and Currency this several of them: No matter what the com­ Boston, WGBH, channels 2 and 44, are morning: munist may say, the peoples' paradise is here--on Main Street, U.S.A. devoting between 20 and 30 hours of STATEMENT BY HON. JOHN B. CONNALLY prime-time programing during February Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ As a comparative newcomer to your coun­ try I have seen graft, corruption, crime on to a massive local campaign. And not mittee: I am pleased to appear before you surprisingly to those of us who have the today in support of H.R. 4246, introduced by the increase, minority groups oppressed, a you and sixteen other members of the Com­ lowering of moral standards, poverty, dis­ privilege of knowing her, Mrs. Jesse F. mittee. The legislation would extend until crimination and all the other things which Sargent, wife of the Governor of the March 31, 1973, certain temporary interest­ are pointed out as indicative of a sick Amer­ Commonwealth of Massachusetts, has rate control powers exercised by the Federal ica. Sadly, these are all true, but the waves been in the forefront of the citizen banking agencies. It would also C{'ntinue of change which wash this country also wash groups supporting the local campaign. the authority for the President to establish other shores, and the problems Americans seem to claim as theirs alone also belong to For the benefit of my colleagues, I am mandatory controls over prices, rents, wages, inserting in the RECORD newsstories from and salaries at levels not less than those pre­ the rest of the world. England and France va111ng on May 25, 1970. have race riots, there are strikes in Germany the Boston Herald Traveler and the Bos­ Mr. Chairman, we recommend enactment and Italy and students demonstrate in South ton Evening Globe about "The Turned­ of your b111 without amendment. America, China and Russia. On Crisis," as well as a release from The temporary powers over interest rates For whatever reasons, the whole world WGBH concerning the support given the paid by banks and savings and loan associa­ is seething with discontent, with some of it station by the Governor's wife. tions, originally enacted in September 1966, directed against the U.S.A. For this country represents the "haves" in a world Of "have In my opinion, Eleanor Roberts, the have served a useful purpose. They are ad­ Herald Traveler reporter, is on target in mittedly "stop-gap" in nature, and do little nots." to solve the fundamental problem of com­ In little more than 300 years Americans calling this project "one of the great and petitive equality among thri!t institutions. have made their land the richest, most pow­ unique public service efforts in TV his­ Nor can they be administered in such man­ erful land in the world. If you remember tory." ner as to insulate banks and :;avings and they began with nothing but their bare The material follows: loan associations from the impact of dis­ hands, they built the most fabulous way of life man has ever seen-leaving the other [From the Boston Herald Traveler, Jan. 20, intermediation in a tight money period. 1971] we believe, however, that a two-year ex­ nations to snap at Uncle Sam's heels. . • . tension o'f the authority makes sense. A In the six years I have lived here America CHANNELS 2 AND 44 JOIN MASSIVE DRivE Presidential Commission on Financial Struc­ has given opportunity to me, just as she AGAINST DRUG ABUSE ture and Regulation, which is scheduled to does all the other immigrants to this coun­ (By Eleanor Roberts) report before the end of this year, is intPn­ try. We arrive all colors, races and creeds, When a television station turns over 20 to sively studying the interest-rate control speaking the babel Of fifty languages. Amer­ 30 hours of prime time--throughout the problem. If the temporary authority is ex­ ica takes us by the thousands each year and month of February-to a massive campaign tended for two years, sufficient time will be offers us to build for ourselves this Ufe we against drug abuse it has to be one of the available to permit receipt of the Commis­ share with Americans. She does this free and great and unique public service efforts in sion's report, followed by enactment of what­ clear-openhandedly sharing her wealth and TV history. ever legislation may be necessary to deal opportunity with all of us who ask for en­ Chs. 2 and 44 in the Boston area-and 200 with the fundamental problem. trance. Public Broadcasting System stations around In addition, a lapsing of the temporary Which other nation can say the same? the country-will schedule an in-depth study authority would bring the permanent, un­ So Americans, take stock, you have created of the drug problem, •'Turn-On Crisis", every derlying statute into effect. This statute a marvelously sophisticated way Of life. You night at 8, starting Jan. 31 and continuing provides for inequitable rate regulation, since and your forefathers did it beginning with through February. it applies to banks and not to savings and nothing. No one sent you Foreign Aid, or the The first three programs of the week, Sun­ loan associations. Peace Oorps. The World Bank wasn't around day through Tuesday will be live on Ch. 2. For these reasons, therefore, we support a to finance you and you didn't polltik off the The same programs wm be repeated on Ch. simple, two-year extension of the interest West against the East whilst you built.... 44 at 8, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. rate authority. Speaking for myself I am proud to be part There's a practical application to the all­ We also accept section 2 of H.R. 4246, of the United States Of America. Should you out effort to lick the drug problem. While which extends the President's standby au- as Americans be ashamed? the Sunday and Monday shows are produced February 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3655 by WQED, Pittsburgh, the Tuesday programs line is distributing material throughout its to the Fans of Channel 2 on January 4 was are turned out by Ch. 2. school system. made an honorary FAN for her generous con­ And these will tie in with local communi­ Duxbury has scheduled box suppers at tribution of time and support to the FAN'S ties. On Tuesday, Feb. 2, for example, the two churches to watch the program. In East latest project "The Turned-On Crisis." program is designed t o provide furth er in­ Boston, Mrs. E. Marshall Bevins has been Today, Mrs. Sargent, who is deeply con­ formation on the medical and legal aspects promised complete coverage of the series in cerned about the drug crisis in Massachu­ of drugs as they relate to Massachusetts. Boston schools by Supt. Orhenberger, Hing­ setts, again lent her support to that effort. The following Tuesday, Feb. 9 , a discus­ ham, Lancaster, Millis, Milford, Marble­ She spoke to a large gathering of press. sion on why some young people in the com­ head-where ministers are announcing the radio and television people who were invited munity turn to drugs is scheduled. project in all churches-Reading, Scituate, to WGBH expressly to learn about "The And on the same night at 9, "The Advo­ Watertown and other towns plan total in­ Turned-On Crisis" and how they col.lld help cates" will devot e their entire show to volvement. support it. "Should All Drugs be Legalized?" February, every night at 8:00 is "Turned­ "There is an enormous amount of publicity [From the Boston Evening Globe, Jan. 15, On Crisis" month on Channels 2 and 44. The about drugs and young people but very lit tle 1971] people at WGBH are devoting a major portion real understanding of the problem," David 0. CHANNEL 2 PLANS MONTH-LONG STUDY ON of their time during February to serve as an Ives, President of Ch. 2 pointed out yester­ DRUG ISSUE information and referral center for the drug day at a briefing on "Turned-On Crisis" for problem. community leaders and broadcasting and (By Percy Shain) print media executives. There have been concentrated campaigns "Hopefully, the programs will start a great for worthy causes on television before, but LEAVE OF ABSENCE many people thinking about the problem seldom one going every day for a full month. and lead to constructive action in places Yet that is the plan for PBS's "The Turned­ By unanilnous consent, leave of ab­ where there is none." On Crisis," an in-depth study of the drug sence was granted as follows: Celebrities from many fields have given problem, that Will occupy the attention of To Mr. RIEGLE (at the request of Mr. their time and talent to make the programs WGBH-TV (Ch. 2) for the entire month of GERALD R. FORD), for February 14, 1971, stimulating, interesting and constructive for February-with some slopover into March. through March 21, 1971, on account of both youngsters on drugs and their parents. The plan is for programs six nights in the official business. Football hero 0. J. Simpson moderates the week which will provide communities in Feb. 1 program, an hour's exchange about the area with ammunition to cope with the the attitudes on drugs, which features Arnold situations they must contend with. Palmer, Denise Nichols of "Room 222," Greg The campaign gets under way Sunday, SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Jan. 31. Programs will be aired Sundays, Morris of "Mission Impossible," comedian By unanimous consent, permission to Frank Gorshin, U.S. Surgeon General Jesse Mondays and Tuesdays at 8 p .m. on Ch. 2, Steinfeld, Dr. Sidney Cohen and Dr. Helen repeated Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fri­ address the House, following the legis­ Nowlis. A good idea to get teen-agers to tune days on Ch. 44. The Sunday-Monday shows lative program and any speeial orders ln. will be produced by WQED, Pittsburgh. The heretofore entered, was granted to: David Susskind hosts a survey of drug pre­ Tuesday programs will be the work of (The following Members

H.R. 4832. A bill to amend title IV of the ca.tional effects of minority group isolation, of teaching in the Nation's elementary or Higher Education Act of 1965 to establish a and for other purposes; to the Committee on secondary schools; to the Committee on Student Loan Marketing Association; to the Education and Labor. Education and Labor. Committee on Education and Labor. By Mr. HOLIFIELD (for himself and By Mrs. MINK (for herself, Mr. BRADE­ H.R. 4833. A bill to provide Federal assist­ Mr. HORTON) : MAS, Mr. BURTON, Mrs. CHISHOLM, ance in financing the construction of educa­ H.R. 4848. A bill to amend the act of Mr. EDWARDS of California, Mr. WIL­ tion fac1llties, and for other purposes; to the November 26, 1969, to provide for an ex­ LIAM D. FORD, Mr. GUDE, Mr. HATH­ Committee on Education and Labor. tension of the date on which the Commis­ AWAY, M:r. HAWKINS, Mr. HELSTO­ H.R. 4834. A bill to add a new title XII to sion on Government Procurement shall sub­ SKI, Mr. HORTON, Mr. KocH, Mr. the National Defense Education Act of 1958; mit its final report; to the Committee on LUJAN, Mr. PIKE, Mr. REES, Mr. RoE, to the Committee on Education and Labor. Government Operations. Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. THOMPSON of New H.R. 4835. A bill to provide for the disclo­ By Mr. HOLIFIELD: Jersey, and Mr. TIERNAN) : sure of certain information relating to cer­ H.R. 4849. A bill to amend title XVIII of H.R. 4861. A bill to amend title II of the tain public opinion polls; to the Committee the Social Security Act to provide payment Social Security Act to provide in certain cases on House Administration. for chiropractors' services under the pro­ for an exchange of credits between the old­ H.R. 4836. A bill to amend the Communi­ gram of supplementary medical insurance age, survivors, and disab1lity insurance sys­ cations Act of 1934 in order to prohibit the benefits for the aged; to the Committee on tem and the civil service retirement system broadcasting of any advertising of alcoholic Ways and Means. so as to enable individuals who have some beverages; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. HUNT: coverage under both systems to obtain maxi­ and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 4850. A bill to amend the Interstate mum benefits based on their combined serv­ H.R. 4837. A bill to amend the Public Commerce Act to authorize reduced fares for ice; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Health Service Act to support research and persons who are at least 65 years of age; By Mr. MONAGAN: training in diseases of the digestive tract, in­ to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H.R. 4862. A blll to authorize the National cluding the liver and pancreas, and diseases Commerce. Science Foundation to conduct research, ed­ of nutrition, and aid the States in the de­ H.R. 4851. A bill to amend the Public ucational, and assistance programs to pre­ velopment of community programs for the Health Service Act so as to add to such act pare the country for conversion from defense control of these diseases, and for other pur­ a new title dealing especially with kidney to civilian, socially oriented research and de­ poses; to the Committee on Interstate and disease and kidney-related diseases; to the velopment activities, and for other purposes; Foreign Commerce. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ to the Committee on Science and Astronau­ H.R. 4838. A bill to grant a Federal charter merce. tics. to the Meals for Millions Foundation; to the H.R. 4852. A bill to amend the Railroad By Mr. MORSE: Committee on the Judiciary. Retirement Act of 1937 to provide a full an­ H.R. 4863. A bill to amend title IV of the H.R. 4839. A bill to protect the civilian em­ nuity for any individual (without regard to Higher Education Act of 1965 to establish ployees of the executive branch of the U.S. his age) who has completed 30 years of rail­ a Student Loan Marketing Association; to Government in the enjoyment of their con­ road service; to the Committee on Interstate the Committee on Education and Labor. stitutional rights and to prevent unwar­ and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 4864. A bill to amend title 38 of the ranted governmental invasions of their pri­ H.R. 4853. A bill to amend title 38 of the United States Code to permit certain active vacy; to the Committee on Post Office and United States Code to provide for cost-of­ duty for training to be counted as active Civil Service. living increases in compensation, depen­ duty for purposes of entitlement to edu­ H.R. 4840. A bill to amend title 38 of the dency, and indemnity compensation, and cational benefits under chapter :?4 of such United States Code so as to increase the pe­ pension payments; to the Committee on title; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. riod of presumption of service connection for Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. OBEY (for himself and Mr. certain cases of multiple sclerosis from 7 to H.R. 4854. A bill to amend title n of the CoNTE): 20 years; to the Committee on Veterans' Social Security Act to provide for cost-of­ H.R. 4865. A blll to declare thrat certain fed­ Affairs. living increases in the benefits payable there­ erally owned land is held by the United H.R. 4841. A b111 to amend title 38 of the under; to the Committee on Ways and States in trust for the Stockbridge-Munsee United States Code to provide a special pen­ Means. community, and to make such lands part sion to certain survivors of persons awarded H.R. 4855. A bill to amend title n of the o! the reservation involved; to the Committee a Medal of Honor posthumously; to the Com­ Social Security Act to increase the amount of on Interior and Insular Affairs. mittee on Veterans' Affairs. outside income which a widow with minor By Mr. PETI'IS: H.R. 4842. A bill to establish a Small Tax children may earn without suffering deduc­ H.R. 4866. A bill to amend the Federal A vi­ Division within the Tax Court of the United tions from the benefits to which she is en­ ation Act of 1958 to authorize reduced rate States; to the Committee on Ways and titled thereunder; to the Committee on Ways transportation for elderly people on a space­ Means. and Means. available basis; to the Committee on Inter­ H.R. 4843. A bill to amend title XVITI of H.R. 4856. A bill to amend title n of the state and Foreign Commerce. the Social Security Act to provide payment Social Security Act so as to liberalize the H.R. 4867. A bill to modify ammunition for chiropractors' services under the pro­ conditions governing eligibility of blind per­ recordkeeping requirements; to the Commit­ gram of supplementary medical insurance sons to receive disability insurance benefits tee on Ways and Means. benefits for the aged; to the Committee on thereunder; to the Committee on Ways and By Mr. SHIPLEY: Ways and Means. Means. H.R. 4868. A bill to authorize the Secre­ H.R. 4844. A bill to permit State agree­ H.R. 4857. A bill to amend title II of the tary of the Interior to establish the Lincoln ments for coverage under the hospital insur­ Social Security Act to increase from $1,680 Homestead National Recreation Area; to the ance program for the aged; to the Committee to $3,000 the amount of outside earnings per­ Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. on Ways and Means. mitted each year without deductions from H.R. 4869. A bill to amend title XVIII of H.R. 4845. A bill to amend title II of the benefits thereunder; to the Committee on the Social Security Act to provide payment Social Security Act so as to liberalize the W~ays and Means. for chiropractors' services under the program conditions governing ellgib111ty of blind per­ By Mr. MELCHER (for himself and of supplementary medical insurance benefits sons to receive disability insurance benefits Mr. LINK): for the aged; to the Committee on Ways thereunder; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 4858. A bill to amend the Internal and Means. Means. Revenue Code of 1954 to provide for the con­ By Mr. SISK (for himself, Mr. ESHLE­ H.R. 4846. A bill to provide full Federal tinuation of the investment tax credit for MAN, Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT, and Mr. financing of payments made und&r the public small businesses, and for other purposes; MEEDS): assistance provisions of the Social Security to the Committee on Ways and Means. H.R. 4870. A bill to provide for the pay­ Act to recipients who do not meet the dura­ By Mrs. MINK: ment of losses incurred by growers, manufac­ tion-of-residence requirements of the ap­ H.R. 4859. A b111 to amend the Internal turers, packers, and distributors as a result plicable State plan, where such payments Revenue Code of 1954 in relation to a credit of the barring of the use of cyclamates in must nonetheless be made because of court for State income taxes; to the Committee food after extensive inventories of foods con­ determina.tions that such requirements are on Ways and Means. taining such substances had been prepared unconstitutional; to the Committee on Ways By Mrs. MINK (for herself, Mr. BUR­ or packed or packaging, labeling and other and Means. TON, Mr. CAREY of New York, Mr. materials had been prepared in good faith By Mr. HAWKINS (for himself and WILLIAM D. FORD, Mrs. HANSEN of reliance on the confirmed official listing of Mr. REID of New York) : Washington, Mr. HAWKINS, Mr. MIL­ cyclamates as generally recognized as safe H.R. 4847. A bill to provide financial assist­ LER of California, Mr. RYAN, Mr. for use in food under the Federal Food, ance for the establishment and maintenance THoMPSON of New Jersey, and Mr. Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and for other pur­ of stable, quality, integrated education in CHARLES H. WILSON): poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. elementary and secondary schools to assist H.R. 4860. A bill to establish a Federal By Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin (for school distrbts to overcome the adverse edu- sabbatical program to improve the quality himself, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. 3658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE February 23, 1971 SCHWENGEL, Mr. BIAGGI, Mr. THONE, By Mr. WINN: By Mr. CORBE'IT: and Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama): H.J. Res. 380. Joint resolution proposing H.R. 4880. A bill for the relief of Francesco H.R. 4871. A bill to provide for the procure­ an amendment to the Constitution of the Alfano and his brother, Salvatore Alfano; ment of voluntary military manpower; to United States to provide that the right to to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Armed Services. vote shall not be denied on account of age to H.R. 4881. A bill for the relief of Francesco By Mr. TIERNAN (for himself, Mr. persons who are 18 years of age or older; to Cavaliere; to the Committee on the Judiciary. .ABOUREZK, Mr. BADU.LO, Mr. BLAN­ the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 4882. A blll for the relief of Mrs. TON, Mr. BURTON, Mr. ECKHARDT, Mr. By Mr. MEEDS (for himself, Mr. HATH­ Lim-Nio Jo; to the Committee on the FRAsER, Mr. GmBONS, Mrs. GRAsso, AWAY, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Judiciary. Mr. HALPERN, Mr. HATHAWAY, Mr. Mr. HORTON, and Mr. FRENZEL): H.R. 4883. A bill for the relief of Gennaro HOWARD, Mr. MIKVA, Mr. Moss, Mr. H. Con. Res. 181. Concurrent resolution to Perna, his wife, Luigina Geltrude, and chil­ RoSENTHAL, Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. RYAN, declare the sense of the U.S. Congress with dren, Vincenzo, Carmela Maria Rosaria, An­ and Mr. ST GERMAIN) : respect to the Federal administration of tonio Nazario and Franco; to the Commit­ H.R. 4872. A bill to establish an independ­ Indian affairs; to the Committee on Interior tee on the Judiciary. ent agency to be known as the u!s. Office of and Insular Affairs. H.R. 4884. A bill for the relief of Enrico Ut111ty Consumers' Counsel to represent the By Mr. FASCELL: Provenzano, his Wife, Annina, and daugh­ consumers of the Nation before Federal and H. Res. 245. Resolution requesting the ter Carmela; to the Committee on the State regulatory agencies with respect to President to urge the Soviet Union to process Judiciary. matters pertaining to certain electric, gas, the requests of 50,000 Soviet citizens for H.R. 4885. A bill for the relief of Lee T. telephone, and telegraph utilities; to provide reunions with their families who are outside Sellars; to the Committee on the Judiciary. grants and other Federal assistance to State the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; to By Mr. FISHER: and local governments for the establishment the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H.R. 4886. A bill for the relief CYf certain and operation of utility consumers' coun­ By Mr. HUNT: individuals employed by the Department of sels; to improve methods for obtaining and H. Res. 246. Resolution calling for a na­ the Air Force at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas; disseminating information with respect to tional commitment to cure and control can­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. the operations of utility companies of in­ cer Within this decade; to the Committee By Mr. KYROS: terest to the Federal Government and other on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 4887. A bill for the relief of Willard consumers; and for other purposes; to the By Mr. MILLER of California: T. Fenderson; to the Committee on Merchant Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ H. Res. 247. Resolution to provide funds Marine and Fisheries. merce. for the expenses of the studies, investiga­ By Mr. O'NEILL: By Mr. WINN: tions, and inquiries authorized by House H.R. 4888. A bill for the relief of Riziero H.R. 4873. A bill to create a Department of Resolution 243; to the Committee on House Pesce, Giuseppa Pesce, and Enrico Pesce; Youth Affairs; to the Committee on Govern­ Administration. to the Committee on the Judiciary. ment Operations. H.R. 4889. A bill for the relief of Evarista By Mr. WYATT: Pietro Tonolini; to the Committee on the H.R. 4874. A bill to allow for the imposi­ Judiciary. tion of restrictions on the imports of un­ MEMORIALS H.R. 4890. A bill for the relief of Lina shelled filberts; to the Committee on Agri­ Zaretto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. culture. Under clause 4 of rule xxn, memorials were presented and referred as follows: By Mr. PEPPER: By Mr. ZWACH: H.R. 4891. A bill for the relief of Luc Pal H.R. 4875. A bill to revise the quota-con­ 27. By Mr. BRINKLEY: Memorial of the Georgia General Assembly, requesting and Emil Fafard; to the Committee on the Judi­ trol system on the importation of certain ciary. meat a.nd meat products; to the COinmittee urging the placing of a fitting monument on on Ways and Means. the grounds of the Capitol Building in Wash­ H.R. 4892. A bill for the relief of Nasser ington, D.C. in honor of the memory of Shahoulian; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. CELLER (for himself, Mr. AD­ ciary. Mr. Mr. Senator Richard Brevard Russell; to the DABBO, BADILLO, BINGHAM, By Mr. PE'ITIS: Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mr. DELANEY, Mr. Committee on House Administration. Dow, Mr. DULSKI, Mr. HALPERN, Mr. 28. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the H.R. 4893. A bill for the relief of Our Lady HANLEY, Mr. HASTINGS, Mr. KING, Legislature of the Territory of Guam, rela­ of Guada.lupe School in San Bernardino, Mr. KOCH, Mr. LENT, Mr. McEWEN, tive to the establishment of a National Guard Oalif.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. MURPHY of New York, Mr. PIKE, unit for the territory of Guam; to the Com­ By Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI: Mr. PlRNIE, Mr. PODELL, Mr. RANGEL, mittee on Armed Services. H.R. 4894. A bill for the relief of Ioannis Mr. REm of New York, Mr. RosEN­ 29. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Donstantinos Papanastasiou; to the Com­ THAL, Mr. SCHEUER, Mr. SMITH of the State of New York, relative to the op­ mittee on the Judiciary. New York, and Mr. STRATTON) : pressive policies of the Soviet Union toward By Mr. STGERMAIN: H.J. Res. 375. Joint resolution granting the Soviet Jewry; to the Committee on Foreign H.R. 4895. A bill for the relief of Maria de consent of Congress to the States of New Affairs. Jesus Goncalves de Mala; to the Committee Jersey and New York for certain amendments 30. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of on the Judiciary. to the Waterfront Commission Compact and the State of Mississippi, relative to comple­ H.R. 4896. A bill for the relief of Maria for entering into the Airport Commission tion of the Natchez Trace National Park­ Fernanda Pascoal de Silva; to the Commit­ Compact, and for other purposes; to the way; to the Committee on Interior and In­ tee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. sular Affairs. H.R 4897. A bill for the relief of Alzira By Mr. GIBBONS: 31. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of Fernandes Marques; to the Committee on the H.J. Res. 376. Joint resolution proposing an the State of Washington, relative to the es­ Judiciary. amendment to the Constitution of the United tablishment of an American Creed Week; to H.R. 4898. A bill for the relief of Othon Da States relating to the election of the Presi­ the Committee on the Judiciary. Rocha Rebelo; to the Committee on the dent and Vice President; to the Committee Judiciary. on the Judiciary. H.R. 4899. A blll for the relief of Rui Carlos By Mr. HAWKINS: Vasconcelos and his daughter, Nair de Fatima H.J. Res. 377. Joint resolution to amend PRIVATE BilLS AND RESOLUTIONS Teixeira de Sousa Vasconcelos; to the Com­ the pledge of allegiance to the flag of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private mittee on the Judiciary. United States of America; to the Committee bills and resolutions were introduced and on the Judiciary. severally referred as follows: By Mr. METCALFE: H.J. Res. 378. Joint resolution authorizing By Mr. ADAMS (by request): PETITIONS, ETC. the President to issue a proclamation desig­ H.R. 4876. A bill for the relief of Eladlo Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions nating the period from April17, 1971, through Pasamba Amador; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk April 25, 1971, as National Photography H.R. 4877. A bill for the relief of (Juan) and referred as follows: Week; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 0. Francisco Orbino; to the Committee on 32. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Robert By Mr. MITCHELL {for himself, Mr. the Judiciary. N. Hunt, Easton, Md., relative to redress of DELLUMS, Mr. HECHLER of West Vir­ H.R. 4878. A bill for the relief of Miguel grievances; to the Committee on the ginia, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. CLAY, and Q. Orejudos; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. HARRINGTON) : Judiciary. 33. Also, petition of the city council, Wor­ H.J. Res. 379. Joint resolution repealing H.R. 4879. A bill for the relief of Joaquin cester, Mass., relative to Federal-State rev­ the Military Selective Service Act of 1967; T. Quijencio; to the Committee on the enue sharing; to the Committee on Ways to the Committee on Armed Services. Judiciary. n.nd Means.