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Paper Title (Use Style: Paper Title) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 226 1st International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2018) Adat Law-Based in Developing Environment on Forest Management of Ammatoa 1st Muhammad Akbal 2nd Firman Umar Departemen Pancasila and Civisc Departemen of Pancasila and Civics Education Education Faculty of Social Science Faculty of Social Science University Negeri Makassar University Negeri Makassar Makassar, Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—The problems that examined in this research On the other hand, the rate of deforestation still high were (1) to find out and to discover form of forest caused by political system and corruption which consider as management model in Kajang District based Kajang natural resources, especially forest, as income that can be customary law towards environment sustainability which exploited for political and personal benefit[3]. It also oriented by welfare society, and (2) to find out and to discover explained by Badan Perencanaan Nasional[4] analysis in the existence of Kajang customary law towards national law in 2010, stated that fundamental issues in forest management in forest management at Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency. Indonesia was caused by bad governance, inconsistent spatial The method of this research was qualitative descriptive planning between central and regional, unclear tenure rights, approach. This research was conducted at Tana Toa Village, and weak capacity in forest management (including law Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, Province of South enforcement). Sulawesi. Techniques of collecting data were observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the research While, Food and Agriculture Organization noted that showed that (1) the forest management model in Kajang since 2010 until 2015, Indonesia ranks second highest in the District based Kajang customary law towards environment world which loss of forest area reaches 684.000 hectares, sustainability which oriented by welfare society was conducted after Brazil in first ranks. That event caused by illegal by dividing the forest area into three categories/zones namely logging activities, forest fires, forest encroachment, forest borong karamaka, borong batasayya, and borong luara. (2) The conversion into farm, forest exploitation both for settlement existence of Kajang customary law towards national law in and industrial development [3] . forest management was the settings is very strong either in Constitution, laws, government regulations, or local An effort to overcome those problems, it is necessary to regulations of Bulukumba Regency. find alternative solution in context of forest management and forest conservation in order to create harmonization between Keywords—Customary Law, Forest Management. nature and humans. One of the effort that can be done is to examine (local genius) of Ammatoa community at Kajang I. INTRODUCTION District in managing forest in Bulukumba Regency Province Forest is a grace from God Almighty that should be of South Sulawesi. grateful and play an important role as the main buffer for The reason is that Ammota people in Kajang are survival of human life so that an effort of forest protection, indigenous communities which is unique and it is part of utilization and preservation planned deliberately, rationally, Indonesian nation. It is said to be unique because they adhere optimally, and responsible for prosperity of the people as it on ‘pasang ri kajang’ (Ammotoa cultural value system) as stated in 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. traditional teachings of ancestors derived from Tu Rie The destruction of forests in Indonesia is inevitable and 'A'ra'na (God) through Ammatoa as the highest community nowadays it become national, regional and international leadership. Pasang is a collection of messages, advices, issue. Forest Watch Indonesia noted that Indonesia had guidance and rules on how to build harmonious relationship deforestation since 2009 until 2013 which is about 4,50 with nature-human-God. Besides, pasang becomes million hectares and loss of forest about 1,13 million measurement whether something is "good" or "bad" or hectares every years [1]. That caused by four factors namely: whether something is "allowed" or "not". As for wide forest (a) ineffective spatial planning, (b) problems that related to of Ammatoa Kajang community is 313,33 hectares both in tenure which is legal status from mastery sources, to Kajang dalam and Kajang luar, and it approximately 90 determine who is allowed to use what resources, what hectares are used for agricultural areas such as rice, corn, manner, how long, what condition, and who has the right to chocolate, and coffee (Salam, Head of Tana Toa Village, transfer the rights to other parties and how, (c) inefficient and personal communication, on November 2017). ineffective forest management, and (d) weak law In addition, what is considered interesting and important enforcement and there are a lot of corruption in forestry and is principle of tallasa kamase - mase (modest life) that it is land sector [2] . Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 983 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 226 strongly adhere and it becomes life guidance of Ammatoa allowed in borong karamaka except traditional ceremony. indigenous people in Kajang. The meaning of the principle According to Salam, Head of Tana Toa Village, stated that in of talasse kamase-mase is “jagai lino lollong benona, borong karamaka, appai passala talakulle niganggu ilalang kammayatompa langika, rupa taua siagang boronga” borong karamaka yamintu: (1) tabbang kayu, (2) tatta uhe, (means that we have to keep the world and its contents, and (3) tuni bani, and (4) rawo doang. (This means there are four also we keep the sky, human and forest). This pasang things that are prohibited to do in karamaka forest are, (custom message) teaches Ammatoa indigenous people in namely: (1) prohibited to cut any wood, (2) cut cane, (3) burn Kajang about how humans should be interact with natural beehive, and (4) catch shrimp in the river that exist within environment, by utilizing the forest as necessary to maintain customary forest area (Salam, Head of Tana Toa Village, the balance of nature [4]. personal communication, on November 2017). Based on explanations above, the researcher taught that it Second, Kajang tribe created borong batasayya area or was important and interesting to conduct further research border forest. This forest is not too sacred like the other about how does forest management model in Kajang District forests. The people of Kajang are allowed to take wood for based on Kajang customary law and how does the existence their purposes, unless they get permission from Ammatoa. of Kajang customary law towards national law? Ammatoa will allow the wood in borong batasayya taken for the public use. For example, the wood will be made for II. RESEARCH METHODS building home or other public facilities. If it for other’s This research used descriptive qualitative approach. It needs, Ammatoa will not let them to cut the wood. Ammatoa aimed to describe the actual situation in detail and adjusted made rules orally which explain some woods that can be with research problems and research objectives. This slashed. This rule is necessary so that people do not cut the qualitative approach used because the phenomenon wood or tree carelessly in batasayya borong area. Those are; examined in this research needed depth description and kayu asah, nyatoh, and pangi. The wood allow to cut should analysis so that it aimed to find out and to know the real be based on community needs. They cannot cut it as much as event in the field, particularly related to legal. This research they want to life luxury. Thus, sometimes Ammatoa asked was conducted at Tana Toa Village, Kajang District, their needs. That asking activities are fair (Ammatoa, Bulukumba Regency, Province of South Sulawesi. The personal communication, on November 2017). village was inhabited by Kajang tribe. Administratively, Tana Toa Village is one of nine villages that located in Third, borong luara' area or people forest. It managed by Kajang District.Techniques of collecting data in this research the community. This forest is fully controlled by the were; (1) observation: the researcher directly observed community for their needs. However, all rules and Ammatoa customary behavior towards environment; (2) mechanisms of forest management are controlled by interview: the researcher gave some questions for each Ammatoa, that is each Kajang residents may use wood in informant who is considered to have knowledge about the borong luara' as long as they do not exploiting the forest. problems analyzed in this research. The answers were They must consider the ecological balance and ecosystem of collected to get data, and (3) documentation: the researcher plants and animals in the forest, and also they are not collected secondary data by learning documents in allowed to destroy the forest that may disturb the balance of Government Institution and Kajang customary institutions nature (Salam, Head of Tana Toa Village, personal with related to this research.Technique of Analyzing Data communication, on November 2017). was qualitative research, that is the researcher collected both The forest must keep it functions
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