January 4, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 1 u 1–434

Cover image: Pictured is a single layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with the mesh-like actin cytoskeleton shown in blue and the Abi1 protein, an actin cytoskeleton adaptor mol- ecule, shown in red. Regions of cell-to-cell contact are enriched with Abi1 protein, giving the fibroblasts a cobblestone-like appearance. Colleen Ring et al. find that Abi proteins regulate the actin cytoskeletal dynamics downstream of cell adhesion and matrix receptors, such as the α4 integrin. See the article by Ring et al. on pages 149–154. Image courtesy of Colleen Ring. From the Cover

149 Regulating cellular morphogenesis 109 Refining classical protein models 114 Revealing myosin hinges 120 Stretch activation in insect muscles 250 Neandertal mating behavior

5 Essential “ankle” in the myosin lever arm Olena Pylypenko and Anne M. Houdusse Contents See companion article on page 114

7 Steric blocking mechanism explains stretch activation in insect flight muscle THIS WEEK IN PNAS Kenneth C. Holmes See companion article on page 120 1 In This Issue

PROFILE LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) 9 Profile of Stephen P. Goff E1 Mild oxidative stress activates Nrf2 in astrocytes, which Greg Williams contributes to neuroprotective ischemic preconditioning See Inaugural Article on page 4071 in issue 11 Karen F. Bell, Bashayer Al-Mubarak, Jill H. Fowler, Paul S. of volume 106 Baxter, Kunal Gupta, Tadayuki Tsujita, Sudhir Chowdhry, Rickie Patani, Siddharthan Chandran, Karen Horsburgh, John D. Hayes, and Giles E. Hardingham E3 Reply to Bell et al.: Nrf2-dependent and -independent INAUGURAL ARTICLE mechanisms of astrocytic neuroprotection Renée E. Haskew-Layton, Thong C. Ma, and Rajiv R. Ratan 12 Completely phased genome sequencing through chromosome sorting Hong Yang, Xi Chen, and Wing Hung Wong

COMMENTARIES

3 Ramachandran redux PHYSICAL SCIENCES Zhengshuang Shi and Neville R. Kallenbach See companion article on page 109 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 197 A network model for plant–pollinator community assembly Colin Campbell, Suann Yang, Réka Albert, Free online through the PNAS open access option. and Katriona Shea

PNAS u January 4, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 1 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 421 Children with autism are neither systematic nor 18 Quantitative and empirical demonstration of the optimal foragers Matthew effect in a study of career longevity Elizabeth Pellicano, Alastair D. Smith, Filipe Cristino, Alexander M. Petersen, Woo-Sung Jung, Bruce M. Hood, Josie Briscoe, and Iain D. Gilchrist Jae-Suk Yang, and H. Eugene Stanley

24 Pressure-induced superconductivity in topological SOCIAL SCIENCES parent compound Bi2Te3 J. L. Zhang, S. J. Zhang, H. M. Weng, W. Zhang, L. X. Yang, 18 Quantitative and empirical demonstration of the Q. Q. Liu, S. M. Feng, X. C. Wang, R. C. Yu, L. Z. Cao, Matthew effect in a study of career longevity L. Wang, W. G. Yang, H. Z. Liu, W. Y. Zhao, Alexander M. Petersen, Woo-Sung Jung, S. C. Zhang, X. Dai, Z. Fang, and C. Q. Jin Jae-Suk Yang, and H. Eugene Stanley 427 Derivation of Ca2+ signals from puff properties reveals that pathway function is robust against SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE cell variability but sensitive for control Kevin Thurley and Martin Falcke 203 Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt Franz Essl, Stefan Dullinger, Wolfgang Rabitsch,  š CHEMISTRY Philip E. Hulme, Karl Hülber, Vojtech Jaro ík, Ingrid Kleinbauer, Fridolin Krausmann, Ingolf Kühn, 29 Photoinduced electron transfer from semiconductor Wolfgang Nentwig, Montserrat Vilà, Piero Genovesi, quantum dots to metal oxide nanoparticles Francesca Gherardi, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Kevin Tvrdy, Pavel A. Frantsuzov, and Prashant V. Kamat Alain Roques, and Petr Pyšek 61 Mechanism of inactivation of influenza viruses by immobilized hydrophobic polycations Bryan B. Hsu, Sze Yinn Wong, Paula T. Hammond, Jianzhu Chen, and Alexander M. Klibanov BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ENGINEERING APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 35 Quantifying the biophysical characteristics of Plasmodium-falciparum-parasitized red blood 61 Mechanism of inactivation of influenza viruses by cells in microcirculation immobilized hydrophobic polycations D. A. Fedosov, B. Caswell, S. Suresh, and G. E. Karniadakis Bryan B. Hsu, Sze Yinn Wong, Paula T. Hammond, Jianzhu Chen, and Alexander M. Klibanov 67 Active scaffolds for on-demand drug and cell delivery Xuanhe Zhao, Jaeyun Kim, Christine A. Cezar, 67 Active scaffolds for on-demand drug and cell delivery Nathaniel Huebsch, Kangwon Lee, Kamal Bouhadir, Xuanhe Zhao, Jaeyun Kim, Christine A. Cezar, and David J. Mooney Nathaniel Huebsch, Kangwon Lee, Kamal Bouhadir, and David J. Mooney GEOPHYSICS 40 Nanodiamonds do not provide unique evidence for a Younger Dryas impact BIOCHEMISTRY H. Tian, D. Schryvers, and Ph. Claeys 73 Two RNA subunits and POT1a are components of Arabidopsis telomerase PHYSICS Catherine Cifuentes-Rojas, Kalpana Kannan, Lin Tseng, 45 Condensates in quantum chromodynamics and Dorothy E. Shippen and the cosmological constant Stanley J. Brodsky and Robert Shrock 79 pH-sensitivity of the ribosomal peptidyl transfer reaction dependent on the identity of the 51 Ferromagnetism in the upper branch of the Feshbach A-site aminoacyl-tRNA resonance and the hard-sphere Fermi gas Magnus Johansson, Ka-Weng Ieong, Stefan Trobro, Soon-Yong Chang, Mohit Randeria, and Nandini Trivedi Peter Strazewski, Johan Åqvist, Michael Y. Pavlov, and Måns Ehrenberg STATISTICS 12 Completely phased genome sequencing through 85 Myogenic transcriptional activation of MyoD mediated chromosome sorting by replication-independent histone deposition Hong Yang, Xi Chen, and Wing Hung Wong Jae-Hyun Yang, Yunkyoung Song, Ja-Hwan Seol, Jin Young Park, Yong-Jin Yang, Jeung-Whan Han, Hong-Duk Youn, and Eun-Jung Cho

SOCIAL SCIENCES 91 Dual role of the receptor Tom20 in specificity and efficiency of protein import into mitochondria Hayashi Yamamoto, Nobuka Itoh, Shin Kawano, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Yoh-ichi Yatsukawa, Takaki Momose, Tadashi Makio, 55 How instructed knowledge modulates the neural Mayumi Matsunaga, Mihoko Yokota, Masatoshi Esaki, systems of reward learning Toshihiro Shodai, Daisuke Kohda, Alyson E. Aiken Hobbs, Jian Li, Mauricio R. Delgado, and Elizabeth A. Phelps Robert E. Jensen, and Toshiya Endo

iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 97 Evolution in a family of chelatases facilitated by the DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY introduction of active site asymmetry and protein 155 Reiterative AP2a activity controls sequential steps oligomerization in the neural crest gene regulatory network Célia V. Romão, Dimitrios Ladakis, Susana A. L. Lobo, Noémie de Crozé, Frédérique Maczkowiak, Maria A. Carrondo, Amanda A. Brindley, Evelyne and Anne H. Monsoro-Burq Deery, Pedro M. Matias, Richard W. Pickersgill, Lígia M. Saraiva, and Martin J. Warren 161 Transient retinoic acid signaling confers anterior- 103 Z-DNA-forming silencer in the first exon regulates posterior polarity to the inner ear human ADAM-12 gene expression Jinwoong Bok, Steven Raft, Kyoung-Ah Kong, Bimal K. Ray, Srijita Dhar, Arvind Shakya, Soo Kyung Koo, Ursula C. Dräger, and Doris K. Wu and Alpana Ray 167 Vascular-mesenchymal cross-talk through Vegf and Pdgf drives organ patterning BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Jonah Cool, Tony J. DeFalco, and Blanche Capel 109 Redrawing the Ramachandran plot after inclusion of 173 Model of pediatric pituitary hormone deficiency hydrogen-bonding constraints separates the endocrine and neural functions Lauren L. Porter and George D. Rose of the LHX3 transcription factor in vivo See Commentary on page 3 Stephanie C. Colvin, Raleigh E. Malik, Aaron D. Showalter, Kyle W. Sloop, and Simon J. Rhodes 114 Visualizing key hinges and a potential major source of compliance in the lever arm of myosin Jerry H. Brown, V. S. Senthil Kumar, Elizabeth 179 Mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) O’Neall-Hennessey, Ludmila Reshetnikova, expression marks slowly cycling intestinal stem cells Howard Robinson, Michelle Nguyen-McCarty, Robert K. Montgomery, Diana L. Carlone, Camilla A. Andrew G. Szent-Györgyi, and Carolyn Cohen Richmond, Loredana Farilla, Mariette E. G. Kranendonk, See Commentary on page 5 Daniel E. Henderson, Nana Yaa Baffour-Awuah, Dana M. Ambruzs, Laura K. Fogli, Selma Algra, 120 X-ray diffraction evidence for myosin-troponin and David T. Breault connections and tropomyosin movement during stretch activation of insect flight muscle 185 Neurogenin3 inhibits proliferation in endocrine Robert J. Perz-Edwards, Thomas C. Irving, Bruce A. J. progenitors by inducing Cdkn1a Baumann, David Gore, Daniel C. Hutchinson, Uroš Takeshi Miyatsuka, Yasuhiro Kosaka, Hail Kim, Kržic, Rebecca L. Porter, Andrew B. Ward, and Michael S. German and Michael K. Reedy See Commentary on page 7 191 Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor signaling is required for maintenance 126 Experimental support for the evolution of symmetric of the growth plate in postnatal life protein architecture from a simple peptide motif Takao Hirai, Andrei S. Chagin, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Jihun Lee and Michael Blaber Susan Mackem, and Henry M. Kronenberg

CELL BIOLOGY 131 Lamin A variants that cause striated muscle disease are ECOLOGY defective in anchoring transmembrane actin-associated 197 A network model for plant–pollinator nuclear lines for nuclear movement community assembly Eric S. Folker, Cecilia Östlund, G. W. Gant Luxton, Colin Campbell, Suann Yang, Réka Albert, Howard J. Worman, and Gregg G. Gundersen and Katriona Shea

137 Intracellular organelles mediate cytoplasmic pulling 203 Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt force for centrosome centration in the Franz Essl, Stefan Dullinger, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo Philip E. Hulme, Karl Hülber, Vojtech Jarošík, Kenji Kimura and Akatsuki Kimura Ingrid Kleinbauer, Fridolin Krausmann, Ingolf Kühn, Wolfgang Nentwig, Montserrat Vilà, Piero Genovesi, 143 Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors Francesca Gherardi, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, residing in skeletal muscle and white fat Alain Roques, and Petr Pyšek Tim J. Schulz, Tian Lian Huang, Thien T. Tran, Hongbin Zhang, Kristy L. Townsend, Jennifer L. Shadrach, Massimiliano Cerletti, Lindsay E. McDougall, Nino Giorgadze, Tamara Tchkonia, Denis Schrier, Dean Falb, James L. Kirkland, Amy J. Wagers, and Yu-Hua Tseng ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 208 Global declines in oceanic nitrification rates as 149 Abl-interactor-1 (Abi1) has a role in cardiovascular a consequence of ocean acidification and placental development and is a binding J. Michael Beman, Cheryl-Emiliane Chow, Andrew L. partner of the α4 integrin King, Yuanyuan Feng, Jed A. Fuhrman, Andreas Colleen Ring, Mark H. Ginsberg, Jacob Haling, Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Brian N. Popp, and Ann Marie Pendergast and David A. Hutchins

PNAS u January 4, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 1 u v Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 214 Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream 260 Non-ATG–initiated translation directed by and river networks microsatellite expansions Jake J. Beaulieu, Jennifer L. Tank, Stephen K. Hamilton, Tao Zu, Brian Gibbens, Noelle S. Doty, Mário Wilfred M. Wollheim, Robert O. Hall, Jr., Patrick J. Gomes-Pereira, Aline Huguet, Matthew D. Stone, Mulholland, Bruce J. Peterson, Linda R. Ashkenas, Jamie Margolis, Mark Peterson, Todd W. Markowski, Lee W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, Walter K. Dodds, Melissa A. C. Ingram, Zhenhong Nan, Colleen Forster, Nancy B. Grimm, Sherri L. Johnson, William H. McDowell, Walter C. Low, Benedikt Schoser, Nikunj V. Somia, Geoffrey C. Poole, H. Maurice Valett, Clay P. Arango, H. Brent Clark, Stephen Schmechel, Peter B. Bitterman, Melody J. Bernot, Amy J. Burgin, Chelsea L. Crenshaw, Geneviève Gourdon, Maurice S. Swanson, Melinda Ashley M. Helton, Laura T. Johnson, Jonathan M. O’Brien, Moseley, and Laura P. W. Ranum Jody D. Potter, Richard W. Sheibley, Daniel J. Sobota, and Suzanne M. Thomas IMMUNOLOGY 220 Relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic + influence in determining the pattern of spread in 266 Single dose of anti–CTLA-4 enhances CD8 T-cell a global invader memory formation, function, and maintenance Núria Roura-Pascual, Cang Hui, Takayoshi Ikeda, Gwénaël Virginia A. Pedicord, Welby Montalvo, Ingrid M. Leiner, Leday, David M. Richardson, Soledad Carpintero, Xavier and James P. Allison Espadaler, Crisanto Gómez, Benoit Guénard, Stephen 272 Critical role of PI3K signaling for NF-κB–dependent Hartley, Paul Krushelnycky, Philip J. Lester, Melodie A. survival in a subset of activated B-cell–like diffuse McGeoch, Sean B. Menke, Jes S. Pedersen, Joel P. W. Pitt, large B-cell lymphoma cells Joaquin Reyes, Nathan J. Sanders, Andrew V. Suarez, Bernhard Kloo, Daniel Nagel, Matthias Pfeifer, Yoshifumi Touyama, Darren Ward, Philip S. Ward, Michael Grau, Michael Düwel, Michelle Vincendeau, and Sue P. Worner Bernd Dörken, Peter Lenz, Georg Lenz, and Daniel Krappmann EVOLUTION 226 Structural shifts of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes 278 Critical coordination of innate immune defense were instrumental for the early evolution of against Toxoplasma gondii by dendritic cells retinoid-dependent axial patterning in metazoans responding via their Toll-like receptors Tiago J. P. Sobreira, Ferdinand Marlétaz, Marcos Baidong Hou, Alicia Benson, Lili Kuzmich, Simões-Costa, Deborah Schechtman, Alexandre C. Pereira, Anthony L. DeFranco, and Felix Yarovinsky Frédéric Brunet, Sarah Sweeney, Ariel Pani, Jochanan 284 Recruited inflammatory monocytes stimulate Aronowicz, Christopher J. Lowe, Bradley Davidson, antiviral Th1 immunity in infected tissue Vincent Laudet, Marianne Bronner, Paulo S. L. Norifumi Iijima, Lisa M. Mattei, de Oliveira, Michael Schubert, and José Xavier-Neto and Akiko Iwasaki 232 Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution 290 Essential role for mast cell tryptase in acute Lindsay E. Zanno and Peter J. Makovicky experimental colitis Matthew J. Hamilton, Mark J. Sinnamon, Gregory D. 238 Family level phylogeniesreveal modes of macroevolution Lyng, Jonathan N. Glickman, Xueli Wang, Wei Xing, in RNA viruses Steven A. Krilis, Richard S. Blumberg, Roberto Adachi, Andrew Kitchen, Laura A. Shackelton, and Edward C. Holmes David M. Lee, and Richard L. Stevens 244 Adaptive divergence between incipient species of Anopheles gambiae increases resistance to Plasmodium Bradley J. White, Mara K. N. Lawniczak, Changde MEDICAL SCIENCES Cheng, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Michael D. Wilson, 296 Cardiomyocytes from phorbol myristate acetate- ’ N Fale Sagnon, Carlo Costantini, Frederic Simard, activated mesenchymal stem cells restore George K. Christophides, and Nora J. Besansky electromechanical function in infarcted rat hearts 250 Genetic evidence for patrilocal mating behavior among Heesang Song, Hye Jin Hwang, Woochul Chang, Neandertal groups Byeong-Wook Song, Min-Ji Cha, Il-Kwon Kim, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Antonio Rosas, Almudena Estalrrich, Soyeon Lim, Eun Ju Choi, Onju Ham, Chang Youn Elena Gigli, Paula F. Campos, Antonio García-Tabernero, Lee, Jun-Hee Park, Se-Yeon Lee, Eunmi Choi, Samuel García-Vargas, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Oscar Chungkeun Lee, Myoungho Lee, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Ramírez, Sergi Civit, Markus Bastir, Rosa Huguet, David Sung-Hou Kim, Yangsoo Jang, and Ki-Chul Hwang Santamaría, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Eske Willerslev, and Marco de la Rasilla 302 C-X-C receptor type 4 promotes metastasis by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in myeloid GENETICS differentiation antigen (Gr-1)-positive cells 12 Completely phased genome sequencing through Sachie Hiratsuka, Dan G. Duda, Yuhui Huang, Shom Goel, chromosome sorting Tatsuki Sugiyama, Takashi Nagasawa, Dai Fukumura, Hong Yang, Xi Chen, and Wing Hung Wong and Rakesh K. Jain 254 Receptor-type guanylate cyclase is required for carbon 308 Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory dioxide sensation by Caenorhabditis elegans subpopulation of macrophages in the liver Elissa A. Hallem, W. Clay Spencer, Rebecca D. McWhirter, Christoph H. Österreicher, Melitta Penz-Österreicher, Georg Zeller, Stefan R. Henz, Gunnar Rätsch, David M. Sergei I. Grivennikov, Monica Guma, Ekaterina K. Koltsova, Miller III, H. Robert Horvitz, Paul W. Sternberg, Christian Datz, Roman Sasik, Gary Hardiman, and Niels Ringstad Michael Karin, and David A. Brenner

vi u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 314 Defects in succinate dehydrogenase in gastrointestinal 367 Regulation of synaptic stability by AMPA receptor stromal tumors lacking KIT and PDGFRA mutations reverse signaling Katherine A. Janeway, Su Young Kim, Maya Lodish, Beth Ripley, Stefanie Otto, Katie Tiglio, Megan E. Williams, Vânia Nosé, Pierre Rustin, José Gaal, Patricia L. M. and Anirvan Ghosh Dahia, Bernadette Liegl, Evan R. Ball, Margarita 373 Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 Raygada, Angela H. Lai, Lorna Kelly, Jason L. Hornick, (CAPS2) promotes BDNF secretion and is critical for NIH Pediatric and Wild-Type GIST Clinic, Maureen the development of GABAergic interneuron network O’Sullivan, Ronald R. de Krijger, Winand N. M. Dinjens, Yo Shinoda, Tetsushi Sadakata, Kazuhito Nakao, George D. Demetri, Cristina R. Antonescu, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Lee Helman, and Constantine A. Stratakis Ritsuko Katoh-Semba, Emi Kinameri, Asako Furuya, Yuchio Yanagawa, Hajime Hirase, and Teiichi Furuichi 319 Therapeutically targeting cyclin D1 in primary tumors 379 Regulation of GABAergic synapse formation and arising from loss of Ini1 plasticity by GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation Melissa E. Smith, Velasco Cimica, Srinivasa Chinni, Suman of gephyrin Jana, Wade Koba, Zhixia Yang, Eugene Fine, David Zagzag, Shiva K. Tyagarajan, Himanish Ghosh, Gonzalo E. Yévenes, Cristina Montagna, and Ganjam V. Kalpana Irina Nikonenko, Claire Ebeling, Cornelia Schwerdel, Corinne Sidler, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer, Bertran Gerrits, Dominique Muller, and Jean-Marc Fritschy MICROBIOLOGY 385 Reversing cocaine-induced synaptic potentiation 325 Chimpanzees as an animal model for human norovirus provides enduring protection from relapse infection and vaccine development Khaled Moussawi, Wenhua Zhou, Haowei Shen, Karin Bok, Gabriel I. Parra, Tanaji Mitra, Eugenio Carmela M. Reichel, Ronald E. See, David B. Carr, Abente, Charlene K. Shaver, Denali Boon, Ronald Engle, and Peter W. Kalivas Claro Yu, Albert Z. Kapikian, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Robert H. Purcell, and Kim Y. Green

331 RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase is PHARMACOLOGY a restriction factor for controlling measles virus 391 Resistance to discodermolide, a microtubule-stabilizing replication that also is required for embryogenesis agent and senescence inducer, is 4E-BP1–dependent Simone V. Ward, Cyril X. George, Megan J. Welch, Suzan K. Chao, Juan Lin, Jurriaan Brouwer-Visser, Li-Ying Liou, Bumsuk Hahm, Hanna Lewicki, Amos B. Smith III, Susan Band Horwitz, Juan C. de la Torre, Charles E. Samuel, and Hayley M. McDaid and Michael B. Oldstone 397 Intrahost modeling of artemisinin resistance in 337 Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C regulated genes Plasmodium falciparum in lymphoblastoid cell lines Sompob Saralamba, Wirichada Pan-Ngum, Richard J. Bo Zhao, Jessica C. Mar, Seiji Maruo, Sungwook Lee, Maude, Sue J. Lee, Joel Tarning, Niklas Lindegårdh, Benjamin E. Gewurz, Eric Johannsen, Kristina Holton, Kesinee Chotivanich, François Nosten, Nicholas P. J. Day, Renee Rubio, Kenzo Takada, John Quackenbush, Duong Socheat, Nicholas J. White, Arjen M. Dondorp, and Elliott Kieff and Lisa J. White

343 Lateral acquisition of genes is affected by the friendliness of their products PHYSIOLOGY Uri Gophna and Yanay Ofran 403 Both liver-X receptor (LXR) isoforms control energy 349 Feasibility of reconstructed ancestral H5N1 influenza expenditure by regulating Brown Adipose viruses for cross-clade protective vaccine development Tissue activity Mariette F. Ducatez, Justin Bahl, Yolanda Griffin, Evelyn Marion Korach-André, Amena Archer, Rodrigo P. Barros, Stigger-Rosser, John Franks, Subrata Barman, Dhanasekaran Paolo Parini, and Jan-Åke Gustafsson Vijaykrishna, Ashley Webb, Yi Guan, Robert G. Webster, Gavin J. D. Smith, and Richard J. Webby PLANT BIOLOGY 409 Posttranscriptional gene silencing in nuclei NEUROSCIENCE Paul Hoffer, Sergey Ivashuta, Olga Pontes, Alexa 55 How instructed knowledge modulates the neural Vitins, Craig Pikaard, Andrew Mroczka, systems of reward learning Nicholas Wagner, and Toni Voelker Jian Li, Mauricio R. Delgado, and Elizabeth A. Phelps 415 Mechanism of RNA stabilization and translational 355 Multinodal regulation of the arcuate/paraventricular activation by a pentatricopeptide repeat protein nucleus circuit by leptin Jana Prikryl, Margarita Rojas, Gadi Schuster, Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi, Dollada Srisai, and Alice Barkan and Roger D. Cone

361 Neural systems predicting long-term outcome in dyslexia PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Fumiko Hoeft, Bruce D. McCandliss, Jessica M. Black, 421 Children with autism are neither systematic nor Alexander Gantman, Nahal Zakerani, Charles Hulme, optimal foragers Heikki Lyytinen, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Gary H. Glover, Elizabeth Pellicano, Alastair D. Smith, Filipe Cristino, Allan L. Reiss, and John D. E. Gabrieli Bruce M. Hood, Josie Briscoe, and Iain D. Gilchrist

PNAS u January 4, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 1 u vii Downloaded by guest on October 2, 2021 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE 427 Derivation of Ca2+ signals from puff properties 433 A unifying model for timing of walking onset in humans reveals that pathway function is robust against and other mammals cell variability but sensitive for control Martin Garwicz, Maria Christensson, and Elia Psouni Kevin Thurley and Martin Falcke

PLANT BIOLOGY CORRECTIONS 433 Site-directed mutagenesis in Arabidopsis using custom-designed zinc finger nucleases Keishi Osakabe, Yuriko Osakabe, PHYSICS, BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY and Seiichi Toki 433 In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury Michelle K. Nyein, Amanda M. Jason, Li Yu, ix-xiii Information for Authors Claudio M. Pita, John D. Joannopoulos, David F. Moore, and Raul A. Radovitzky xiv Subscription Form

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