Hydrogeological Report for Urumankulam Multi-Colour Granite
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HYDROGEOLOGICAL REPORT FOR URUMANKULAM MULTI-COLOUR GRANITE 1. INTRODUCTION Name of the Applicant with Address- Name of the Company : The Managing Director, M/s. Winner Minerals Exim India Private Limited, Address with contact Number : New No. 2/4, Second Floor, 1st Cross Street, Indira Nagar, Adyar, Chennai – 600 020 State : Tamilnadu. Mobile : +91 98943-24477, 044-43504477 Details of the Area- Land Classification : Company’s Own Patta Land Survey No : 712/3. Extent in Hectares : 4.00.0Ha. Village : Urumankulam, Taluk : Radhapuram, District : Tirunelveli. The Client requires detailed information on Ground Water Occurrences at Proposed Project Site is Multi Colour Granite quarry. The objective of the present study is to assess the availability of groundwater and comment on aspects of depth to potential aquifers, aquifer availability and type, possible yields and water quality. For this purpose all available hydrogeological information of the areas has been analyzed, and a geophysical survey was done. The investigations involved hydrogeological, geophysical field investigations and a detailed study in which the available relevant geological and hydrogeological data were collected, analyzed, collated and evaluated within the context of the Client's requirements. The data sources consulted were mainly: a) Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) Data b) State & District Geological and Hydrogeological Reports and Maps. c) Technical reports of the area by various organizations. 193 2. SCOPE OF THE WORKS – The scope of works includes: Site visits to familiarize with the project areas. Identify any issues that might impact the Ground Water Scenario due to proposed mining activities. To obtain, study and synthesize background information including the geology, hydrogeology and existing borehole data, for the purpose of improving the quality of assessment and preparing comprehensive hydrogeological reports, To carry out hydrogeological evaluation and geophysical investigations in the selected sites in order to determine potential for groundwater at project site. To prepare hydrogeological survey reports in conformity with the provisions of the rules and procedure outlined by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), by Assessment of water quality and potential infringement of National standards, Assessment of availability of groundwater and Impact of proposed activity on aquifer, water quality and other abstractors. 3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Location The area is marked in the Survey of India, Topo Sheet No. 58 –H/15.The area lies between the Latitudes of 08°19’09.79’’N to 08°19’19.95’’N and Longitudes of 77°49’06.65’’Eto77°49’14.76’’ E on WGS datum-1984. 4. Regional Geology of Tirunelveli District- Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) of Tamil Nadu lying south of Palaghat-Cauvery shear zone has been divided into two major tectonic blocks by the Madurai block and Nagercoil- Trivandrum Block in the south. It is separated by WNW-ESE trending Achankovil- Tambaraparani Lineament. Tirunelveli and Thothukudi are significantly the only districts in the state to witness the geology and structure of both the blocks. Tirunelveli district represents a well-developed lithopackage of meta-sedimentary sequence inter banded with charnockite Group of rocks. The rock types exposed are of quartzite, calc-granulite, garnet- biotite-sillimanite gneiss, garnet quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and garnet-biotite-cordierite gneiss belonging to Khondalite Group of rock. Charnockite and pyroxene granulite are the Charnockite Group. Hornblende-biotite gneiss belongs to Migmatitic Complex. Besides, basic intrusive (pyroxenite) and acid intrusive (granite) are noticed. The younger intrusive are represented by pegmatite and quartz veins. Evidence of development of incipient / patchy charnockite along the shear plane is noticed in the district along the Western Ghat high hills.. 194 Limestone Tirunelveli district, bulk of crystalline limestone for cement industry comes from Ramayyanpatti, Talaiyuttu and Pandapalli areas. The total reserves are about 20-30 million tonnes with average CaO 45%, MgO 6% and SiO2 8%. Tuffaceous limestone and kankar of about 23-24 million tonnes occurs near Vijayapatti in the district. Gypsum associated with kankar is reported from a few localities in the saltpans, located along the east coast between Veppalodai and Ayyanapuram in the district. Minor graphite occurrences are located in Kurinjankulam in Tirunelveli District with a reserve of about 19,000 tonnes on Palakottai Hill. Rough stone (mostly charnockite and Hbl-bt gneiss) are majorly concentrated in Alangulam, Radhapuram, Nanguneri, Manur and Sankarankovil Taluks in the district. Multicolour Granite Multi color dimension stones occurrences significantly visited during the field work at Kaladaikurichi (Ambai White), Poongudiyarkulam, Mannarkovil, Adachani in Ambasamudram Taluk, Kasthurirangapuram, Kannanallur in Radhapuram Taluk and Singikulam, Melacheval in Cheranmahadevi Taluk of Tiurnelveli District. Rich deposits of garnet and ilmenite sand occurs along the coast part of Radhapuram Taluk, in Tirunelveli district. Vijayapatti, Kuttankuzhi and Idindakarai areas show notable garnet and ilmenite sands occurrences. Red garnet sand occurs significantly along Nambiar river. The main sources of the heavy minerals are found to garnetiferrous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and garnet biotite sillimanite gneiss of Khondalite Group of rocks. Leptynite: Leptynite (Garnetiferrous Leucogranite) the visual display of garnet in the pure white quartzo-feldspathic matrix is appealing and aesthetic around commercial buyers and users. In spite of its high degree of intercalations with charnockite on one hand and granitoid gneiss on the other hand, leptynite at its core has retained its mineralogy and texture.. Kankar and calc tuffa occurrences in Tirunelveli District Kankar is a nodular calcium carbonateformed in soils of semi-arid regions. it forms sheets across alluvial plains and can occur as discontinuous lines of nodular kankar or as indurated layers in stratigraphic profiles more commonly referred to as calcrete, hardpan or duricrust. GSI in 1987-88, carried out investigation for calc tufa occurrences in the areas of north of Uttumalai and Sivanadipatti in Tirunelveli district 195 Dimension stone occurrences in Tirunelveli District Developmental activities in respect of dimension stone deposits such as exploration, exploitation, processing and export is so advanced in Tamil Nadu, and it merits distinct entity and narration. Practically every major lithotype of the Precambrian shield is a dimension stone variety, finding extensive use in building industry composed of hard crystalline rocks of Khondalite and Charnockite Group of Late Archean (~ 2600 Ma) which are normally used as dressed stones, ballast and jelly. Granitoid gneiss dimension stone occurrences in Tirunelveli district Granitoid gneiss, in its intricate intercalations with leptynite, has produced a dimension stone variety similar to world famous Tropical Juparana. Gneissosity is pronounced imparting well defined flow pattern. Biotite gneiss layer with pink feldspar and garnet aggregates alternates with leptynite layer/streaks/lensoid bodies. Leptynite exhibits, not pure white colour but pale yellow or pale green colour. Garnet as discrete grains or as aggregates is evenly distributed throughout the rock type, giving a pleasant speckled appearance. Areas of massive zones, capable of yielding dimension stone blocks, occur in localities Sivandiyapuram, Pottaiyadi, Devanallur and Erukalapatti of Nanguneri-Valliyur blocks Rough Stone (Charnockite & Granite gneiss) occurrences in Tirunelveli district Charnockite is extensively quarried as rough stone which is used as aggregates for construction of building, laying of roads and for preparation of value added products like hollow blocks, M-sand etc. Charnockite is exposed as discontinuous body in NW-SE to WNW-ESE direction from Tenkasi in the west to Gangaikondan in the east and from Tiruvenkadanathapuram in the north to Vijayapathi in the south Garnet and Ilmenite sand Vijayapatti, Kuttankuzhi and Idindakarai areas of bordering Tirunelveli and Thothukudi districts villages are notable garnet and ilmenite sands localities in the district. Due to Administrative and Legal judicial (Court cases) issues the area has been not visited. Rich deposits of garnet and ilmenite sand also occurs along the coast part of Radhapuram Taluk, in Tirunelveli district. Red garnet sand occurs significantly along Nambiar river, the main source of the heavy minerals are found to garnetiferrous quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and garnet biotite sillimanite gneiss of Khondalite Group of rocks. 196 5. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE OF TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT. In general the study area is an undulating topography with general slope towards east. The area shows a mixed geomorphology having plains (80-90%) as well as hill (10-20%). Western part of the district is entirely covered by Western Ghats. The maximum reliefs are seen in the western part of the area viz., MarandaiMalai (∆193), VallankottaiParambu (∆ 174), TalaiyuttuMalai (∆ 150), Kottamalai (∆ 197) and Uttumalai (∆ 307). Climate: The district, in general experiences tropical climate with minor changes. The normal temperature varies between 24.4°C and 27.1°C at mean minimum, whereas the hottest climate experiences from March to May with mercury reaching 38.5°C at the highest. The climate is comparatively cool during the months from November to February. The average rainfall during 2005-06