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Survey for the Mistletoe Marble Celypha Woodiana

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Survey for the Mistletoe Marble (Celypha woodiana) in 2009 James McGill 2009 Butterfly Conservation Report No. S09-29 Butterfly Conservation Company limited by guarantee, registered in England (2206468) Registered Office: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset. BH20 5QP Charity registered in England and Wales (254937) and in Scotland (SCO39268) www.butterfly-conservation.org Circulation list Butterfly Conservation (Mark Parsons) Butterfly Conservation (Library) Butterfly Conservation, Senior Regional Officer, West Midlands (Jenny Joy) Natural England Headquarters (David Sheppard) Natural England, Headquarters (Library) Natural England (David Heaver) Natural England, Gloucestershire Team Natural England, Herefordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire Teams Natural England, Somerset Team Natural History Museum Library (Sharon Touzel) Countryside Council for Wales (Adrian Fowles) Countryside Council for Wales (Library) National Trust, Biological Survey Team National Trust (Kate Merry) National Trust (Lucy Cordrey) National Trust, Croome (Property Manager) National Trust, Tintinhull (Property Manager) National Trust, Barrington (Property Manager) National Trust, Regional Conservation Officer (Simon Ford) Jonathan Briggs Gloucestershire County Moth Recorder Herefordshire County Moth Recorder Monmouthshire County Moth Recorder Warwickshire County Moth Recorder Worcestershire County Moth Recorder Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust Gwent Wildlife Trust Herefordshire Wildlife Trust Somerset Wildlife Trust Warwickshire Wildlife Trust Worcestershire Wildlife Trust Avon FWAG Gloucestershire FWAG Herefordshire FWAG Somerset FWAG South Wales FWAG Warwickshire FWAG Worcestershire FWAG People’s Trust for Endangered Species (Anita Burrough) Gloucestershire Orchard Group (Martin Hayes) Bristol and District Moth Group (Martyn Evans) Martin Lattimer Tim Meeten Contractor and Somerset County Moth Recorder (James McGill) McGill, J., 2009. Survey for the Mistletoe Marble (Celypha woodiana) in 2009. Butterfly Conservation, Wareham. (Butterfly Conservation Report No. S09-29) Contents Section 1: Survey information……………………………………………………. 1 1.1. Summary………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2. Acknowledgements…………………………………………………….. 2 1.3. Survey notes…………………………………………………………….. 3 1.4. Management issues……………………………………………………. 3 1.5. Future survey effort…………………………………………………….. 4 Section 2: Summary of sites searched for the Mistletoe Marble…………... 5 2.1. Successful searches at sites with previous records………………… 5 2.2. Successful searches at sites with no previous records…………….. 6 2.3. Unsuccessful searches at sites with previous records………………11 2.4. Unsuccessful searches at sites with no previous records………….. 12 Section 3: Photos………………………………………………………………..…. 17 Section 4: References……………………………………………………………... 21 Appendix 1: Data summary for the Mistletoe Marble survey in 2009………... 22 Appendix 2: Mistletoe Marble Factsheet McGill, J., 2009. Survey for the Mistletoe Marble (Celypha woodiana) in 2009. Butterfly Conservation, Wareham. (Butterfly Conservation Report No. S09-29) Section 1: Survey information 1.1. Summary The Mistletoe Marble Celypha woodiana (Barrett, 1882) is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority moth. It depends on Mistletoe Viscum album and has been reported from Somerset, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire and Monmouthshire. Within this area thirty four locations supporting the foodplant were visited, twenty seven of which had never previously been surveyed for the moth. This resulted in the discovery of ten new sites - in Gloucestershire (2), Herefordshire (1), Somerset (6) and Worcestershire (1). However, the moth was not refound at three of the locations with previous records. Management issues identified include neglect of orchards, over zealous clearance of Mistletoe, and a potential car park development. A training event on how to survey for the moth and the importance of Mistletoe was held at Barrington Court in Somerset on 6th May 2009. This was well attended with 21 participants, representing Butterfly Conservation, the Farming and Wildlife Action Group, Herefordshire Nature Trust, the National Trust, Natural England, the People's Trust for Endangered Species, the Somerset Moth Group, Somerset County Council, South Somerset District Council and Taunton Deane Borough Council. 1 1.2. Acknowledgements This survey was supported financially by Natural England’s Countdown 2010 Biodiversity Action Fund, as part of the Traditional Orchards partnership project, managed by the National Trust. Butterfly Conservation would also like to take this opportunity to thank Natural England for their continued support of Butterfly Conservation’s Action for Threatened Moths Project. Thanks are due for practical support from the National Trust and Butterfly Conservation. In this respect I am particularly grateful to Kate Merry, Mark Parsons and Les Hill, and to the National Trust at Barrington Court for the use of their facilities during the training day. During this event, Tim Meeten also generously allowed a group to visit his orchard at Southay Farm. Many people contributed time to locate survey sites, including Helen Barnes, Caroline Hanks, Janet Lomas, Margot Porter and Richard Roberts (FWAG), Martin Hayes (Gloucestershire Orchard Group), Rebecca Price (Gwent Wildlife Trust), Francesca Griffith and Susan Holland (Herefordshire Nature Trust), Erica Sheppard (Monmouthshire County Council), Andy Foster (National Trust), Anthony Serjeant and Rosemary Wicks (Somerset County Council), Matthew Bellew (Tir Gofal), Martyn Evans and Dave Matthews (Welsh Perry and Cider Society), Richard and Rosemary Brooks, Peter Clarkson, Jon Cooter, Julia Rabbitts, Richard Wheeler and Paul Whitehead. Particular mention must be made of the support from Anita Burrough and Christine Oines at the People’s Trust for Endangered Species, who used information in their orchard inventory to identify and liaise with owners of potential survey sites. For permission to survey in orchards I wish to thank National Trust staff, including Charlotte Allen, Katherine Alker, Christine Brain, Andy Foster, Hayley Gaisford-Gotto, Richards Higgs, Simon Larkins, Linda Roberts, Hilary Smith and Michael Smith. Also the following private landowners - Stephen Bate, Julia Bennett, Robert and Caroline Boyle, Ian Greenfield, Herefordshire Nature Trust, Margaret Jennings, John Kennedy, Martin Lattimer, Gerry Lowth, Jonquil McCullagh, Jessica Newbury, Malcolm Watkins and Hugh Whittaker. I am grateful for assistance with fieldwork from David Agassiz, Michael Harper and Tony Simpson, and particularly Mark Parsons for independently surveying three National Trust properties. 2 1.3. Survey notes A summary of the occurrence of the Mistletoe Marble in Britain and Europe, together with notes on ecology, is now available (Parsons and McGill, 2009). During the survey the moth could not be located at three sites with previous records. Anecdotal evidence suggests it is less easily found now than in the 1980s (D. Agassiz and M. Harper, pers. comm.). The last three weeks of May are the best time to locate larval mines. At this stage they are large enough to be seen through binoculars even high up in trees (see Photo 1). Good numbers of vacated mines can still be found in mid-June with a few persisting until early July. The moth can exist at low density which makes confirming its absence at a large site very difficult. As a result, even where the species was searched for without success it could possibly be found in future. At North Moor in Somerset larval mines were located on straggly Mistletoe plants growing in a lone hawthorn Crataegus spp. Many of the mined leaves were small. Several larvae had spun leaves adjacent to their original mines using silk and fed on these to complete their development. By extending beyond the original leaf, these feeding signs could potentially be confused with spinnings of other polyphagous Tortricid moths. Species that have been reared from Mistletoe include the Large Fruit-tree Tortrix Archips podana (T. Simpson pers. comm.), the Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas postvittana (M. Parsons pers. comm.) and the Red-barred Tortrix Ditula angustiorana (Bradley, Tremewan and Smith, 1979). Where the characteristic early mine of the Mistletoe Marble is not visible observation of the larva is important to confirm the species involved. None of the others are the same deep green colour and more importantly lack a black head, prothoracic plate and anal plate (see Photo 2). There is no obvious way of predicting which situations are most favourable for the moth, though healthy clumps of Mistletoe are preferred. However, one observation was made of mines on two adjacent Apple trees Malus sylvestris at Bollow in Gloucestershire. One contained nine mines on a clump of Mistletoe growing 20 feet up in the outer canopy. The other had a single mine on a clump growing six feet up, in a shaded position by the tree trunk (see Photo 3). This suggests that exposure to light is at least marginally important. It is possible that Mistletoe aloft may be preferred with an observation that two-thirds of mines were located using a ladder and out of reach from the ground (M. Harper, pers. comm.). 1.4. Management issues Absence of the moth from seemingly suitable sites can sometimes be explained by extensive Mistletoe cropping in one or two previous years. This may not be obvious if it did not happen recently. 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