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A Problematical Plant from the Lower Permian of Texas

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A Problematical Plant from the Lower Permian of Texas Russellites, New Genus a Problematical Plant From the Lower Permian of Texas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 593-I Russellites, New Genus a Problematical Plant From the Lower Permian of Texas By SERGIUS H. MAMAY CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 593-1 A discussion of the taxonomic relationships and paleogeographic significance of a potentially important guide fossil UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 -Price 35 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract__ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ I 1 Taxonomy_________________________________________ I 8 Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Discussion_________________________________________ 9 Acknowledgments___________________________________ 1 Morphology of Russellites________________________ 9 LocalitY------------------------------------------- 2 Systematic position_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 10 Stratigraphy_______________________________________ 2 Geologic and geographic distribution of Russellites_ _ 11 History of Tingia_ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Evolutionary and paleofloristic implications________ 12 The Texas material-basis for redefinition______________ 3 References cited____________________________________ 13 Description of the ''Emily Irish'' materiaL______________ 5 Index_____________________________________________ 15 Comparisons_______________________________________ 8 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index) PLATES 1-3. Compressions of Russellites taeniata. III CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY RUSSELLITES, NEW GENUS, A PROBLEMATICAL PLANT FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN OF TEXAS By SERGIUS H. MAMAY ABSTRACT these collecting trips a bulk of interesting fossil Ina.­ terial has been accumulated. Items rthus far described Fossil plants previously reported as hvo species of Tingia Halle provide the basis for description of the new genus Rus­ include the noeggerathialean cone Discinites (Mamay, sellites, typified by R. taeniata (Darrah) l\lamay, new combi­ 1954), a complete acanthodian fish (Dunkle and Mamay, nation. The material is from the Lower Permian Belle Plains 1956), and the insect Actinohymen russelli ( Ca.rpenter, Formation, Baylor County, Tex. 1962); the major part of the collection, however, is Russellites is distinct from Tingia in lacking anisophylly and undescribed. in having uniquely truncated laminar apices. The foliar organs of Russellites are interpreted as pinnate leaves (fronds) rather The collection includes a large number of specimens than plagiotropic shoots, as in Tingia. Affinities of Russellites of a taxon that I believe to be generically distinct from most probably lie within the Noeggerathiales. Halle's Tingia but identical with the material described Russellites promises to be valuable as a guide fossil, and by Darrah. This opinion is based largely on my exami­ possibly as a facies indicator. It constitutes an important ele­ ment of contrast between the Permian floras of North America nation of the specimens described by Darrah. In 1955, I and Asia, and adds to the evidence for rapid botanical evolu­ visited Harvard University to study the Permian plant tion during Permian time. material there; Professor E. S. Barghoorn kindly granted me access to the colleotions. I was particularly INTRODUCTION interested in a, reappraisal of Durrah's identification of li1 1938, Darrah reported an occurrence of the sup­ Tingia, because (1) Tingia is morphologically a peculiar posed noeggerathialean genus Titngia Halle in the fonn that is difficult to interpret in terms of other Lower Permian Belle Plains Formation of Baylor groups of vascular plants, and (2) aside from Darrah's County, Tex. He described two new species, T. taeniata report, Tingia has been recorded only in Eastern Asia. and T. k~empia.e on the basis of nine fragmentary speci­ As a result of this study I conclude tha.t Darrah's mens, all apparently the gift of Mrs. J. F. Kemp of generic identification was in error, possibly because of Seymour, Tex. Source of the material was an outcrop misinte~rpretation of limited and incompletely preserved on the "Emily Irish" land grant~now the property of material. The large suite of U.S. Geological Survey Mr. Roland Howe of Fort Worth, Tex.-approximately specimens provides consistent evidence of morphological 16 miles south-southeast of Seymour. details that convincingly distinguish the Texas material C. B. Read, U.S. Geological Survey, visited the Howe frmn Tingia and warra.nt the recognition of a new genus. property in 1940 and made a large collection of plant fossils, some of which closely rese1nble the figures pub­ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lished by Darrah as Tingia. A rich and varied flora, in­ Thanks are due to C. B. Read, who acquainted 1ne with eluding Gigantopteri8 a1nericana White, is associa.ted with these plants. the fossil locality discussed here, and with many aspects In 1955, Read conducted 1ne to the same site, and 've of the paleobotany of north-central Texas and adjacent collected additional material. I supplemented the col­ areas. Arthur D. Watt, U.S. Geological Survey, assisted lections in 1957, 1961, and 1963. The site was cleared me in 1957, 1961, and 1963. Permission to collect at the by bulldozer in 1961 to remove overburden and to ex­ "Emily Irish" locality was kindly granted by Messrs. pose more of the fossiliferous deposit. As a result of Mart Russell and Ralph Howe of Seymour, lessees of' Il I2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY that part of the Howe property on which the plant-bear­ When the site was visited in 1955 the main plant­ ing beds occur. bearing shale unit was nearly 5 feet thick. Excellent con­ LOCALITY centrations of plant fossils occurred throughout the thickness of the shale, for a lateral distance of about 30 Despite slight discrepancies between previously pub­ feet. Subsequent to the 1961 bulldozing and the 1963 col­ lished accounts of the geographic location of the "Emily lecting trip, however, the fossiliferous shale face had re­ Irish" deposit (according to Darrah, 1938, p. 180, it is ceded 8-10 feet from the originally exposed face. At the "15 miles southeast of Seymour"; Read's locality labels conclusion of collecting in 1963 it appeared that the say "16 to 161h miles scaled due southeast of Seymour"; plant beds were thinning significantly in all directions; Dunkle and Mamay, 1956, p. 308, say "approximately 18 they did not exceed 4 feet in thickness, and there was a miles south-southeast of Seymour"), there is no doubt definite decrease in incidence of fossil specimens. It thus that the same rock exposure is referred to in each in­ semns likely that the shale deposit represents a slow eddy stance. The differences in the distances given may have in the current of a sluggish watercourse, plant material resulted from the use of different starting points in Sey­ concentrating at the site of the eddy. The richest part of Inour. The fossil beds are well known to 1nany of the this plant deposit has been virtually depleted, and ex­ local citizens and are the only deposit known on the tensive exploration 1nay be necessary for investigations "Emily Irish" land. Mr. Russell informed me (oral of this flora beyond the limitations of materials already commun., 1957) that Mrs. l{emp, who donated the collected. original specimens to Darrah, had collected at this sitf~ STRATIGRAPHY several times ; moreover, Mrs. !{em p stated (oral com­ mun., 1961) that she knew of only one plant locality on The fossilferous section was measured in 1957 to pre­ the "Emily Irish" land. Fron1 the foregoing, one must serve the limited reeord of the lithologic relationships conclude that the source of Darrah's specimens and of of this valuable paleobotanical deposit. At that time, a the material described herein is the sa1ne outcrop. maximum relatively undisturbed exposure was still available for examination. The section consisted of the The locality is reached by following U.S. Highway following lithologic units: 183-283 south frmn Seymour. At a distance of 10.2 miles south of the bridge crossing the Salt Fork of the Brazos Measured section, "Emily Irish" plant looality River the highway is intersected from the east by an un­ Feet paved road, which is entered by crossing a cattle guard. Recent alluvium. Six miles east of this intersection a northbound fork Belle Plains Formation: departs in the direction of the farm of Mrs. John Bess Silty mudstone, massive with irregular to conchoi­ dal fracture; gray on fresh surface, weathers buff, Fancher. A short distanee north of this fork the road having scattered light-green mottles; unfossilife,r­ again branches and a narrow unimproved side road ex­ ous except for rare pelecypods near top of unit__ 8.0 tends to the northeast through mesquite pasture. Within Clay-shale, jointed ; variable :fissility most pro­ half a mile of the beginning of the latter road, the fos­ nounced in lowermost 12 in. ; dark gray to bluish siliferous outcrop is seen as a low south-facing bluff gray on fresh surface, weathers light gray; con­ spicuous orange-yellow limonitic layers as much as along the bed of an intennittent stream. This site is re­ ~ in. thick, occur at intervals of 3-5 in.; fossll corded as USGS fossil plant locality 8959. plants abundant, most concentrated in lowermost The fossiliferous bluff is one of the erosional features 12-15in---------------------------------------- 4.5 of a shallowly gullied, minor drainage systmn less than a Silty mudstone, massive ; fracturing irregularly or breaking into large conchoidal lumps; mottled red mile south of the Salt Fork of the Brazos River. Plant­ green on fresh surface, weathers dark gray; bearing beds are exposed in the face of this bluff for locally channeled to depths of 12 in.; unfos,silif- about 30 yards, thinning out toward both the east and erous ------------------------------------------ 3.0 west.
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