Global Health: Science and Practice
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Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017 Volume 5 Number 2 www.ghspjournal.org Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017 Volume 5 Number 2 www.ghspjournal.org EDITORS Editor-in-Chief James D. Shelton, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Deputy Editor-in-Chief Stephen Hodgins, MD, DrPH, Senior Technical Advisor, Save the Children, Newborn Health Associate Editors Matthew Barnhart, MD, MPH, Senior Science Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau for Global Health Cara J. Chrisman, PhD, Biomedical Research Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Digital Health: Margaret d'Adamo, MLS, MS, Knowledge Management/Information Technology Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Malaria: Michael Macdonald, ScD, Consultant, World Health Organization, Vector Control Unit, Global Malaria Programme Maternal Health: France Donnay, MD, MPH, FRCOG, FACOG, Women's Health Consultant Maternal Health: Marge Koblinsky, PhD, Independent Consultant Nutrition: Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS, Consultant Managing Editors Natalie Culbertson, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Ruwaida Salem, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs EDITORIAL BOARD Al Bartlett, Save the Children, USA Vinand Nantulya, Uganda AIDS Commission, Uganda Zulfiqar Bhutta, Aga Khan University, Pakistan Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria Kathryn Church, London School of Hygiene and Tropical James Phillips, Columbia University, USA Medicine, United Kingdom Yogesh Rajkotia, Institute for Collaborative Development, Scott Dowell, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA USA Suneeta Singh, Amaltas, India Marelize Görgens, World Bank, USA David Sleet, CDC, USA Lennie Kamwendo, White Ribbon Alliance for Safe John Stanback, FHI 360, USA Motherhood, Malawi Lesley Stone, USAID, USA Jemilah Mahmood, Malaysian Medical Relief Society, Douglas Storey, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Malaysia Programs, USA Global Health: Science and Practice (ISSN: 2169-575X) is a no-fee, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published online at www.ghspjournal. org. It is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202. The jour- nal is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Knowledge for Health (K4Health) Project is supported by USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, under Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-13-00068 with the Johns Hopkins University. GHSP is editorially independent and does not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID, the United States Government, or the Johns Hopkins University. Global Health: Science and Practice is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. For further information, please contact the editors at [email protected]. Table of Contents June 2017 | Volume 5 | Number 2 EDITORIALS Reducing Sepsis Deaths in Newborns Through Home Visitation and Active Case Detection: Is it Realistic? Severe bacterial infection remains one of the major causes of newborn deaths in low-income countries. A key challenge for reducing this burden is making definitive treatment more easily available. Active case detection through early postnatal home visits can work under trial conditions but is difficult to implement at scale under routine conditions. In many settings, making treatment available at peripheral-level primary health care facilities may be more feasible. Stephen Hodgins, Robert McPherson Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):177–179 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00201 Not Ready for Primetime: Challenges of Antenatal Ultrasound in Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings Even under optimized trial conditions, antenatal ultrasound was difficult to implement in Equateur Province, DRC. Moreover, the broader study across 5 countries failed to find an impact on pregnancy outcomes. Use of antenatal ultrasound screening appears not to be ready for wide application in low- and middle-income countries. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):180–181 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00213 Long-Acting HIV Treatment and Prevention: Closer to the Threshold Substantial progress has been made toward viable, practical long-acting approaches to deliver HIV treatment and prevention through: (1) continued improvements in long-acting antiretrovirals (ARVs); (2) better innovative delivery systems; and (3) collaboration of willing partners to advance new ARVs. More progress on those 3 fronts is still needed to arrive at the goal of optimized HIV treatment and prevention for all who would benefit—and of finally controlling the HIV epidemic. Matthew Barnhart Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):182–187 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00206 Global Health: Science and Practice 2017 | Volume 5 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org COMMENTARIES The Importance of Mental Well-Being for Health Professionals During Complex Emergencies: It Is Time We Take It Seriously We call on humanitarian aid organizations to integrate proven mental health strategies to protect the mental health of their workforce and improve staff capacity to provide care for vulnerable populations. Such strategies could include: � Pre-deployment training � Art therapy � Team building � Physical exercise � Mindfulness or contemplative techniques � Mind-body exercises � NarrativeExposureTherapy � Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing Mary Surya, Dilshad Jaff, Barbara Stilwell, Johanna Schubert Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):188–196 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00017 Integrated Person-Centered Health Care for All Women During Pregnancy: Implementing World Health Organization Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience The 2016 WHO guideline on routine antenatal care (ANC) recommends several health systems interventions to improve quality of care and increase use of services including: � Midwife-led continuity of care throughout the antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods � Task shifting components of ANC, including promotion of health-related behaviors and distribution of nutrition supplements � Recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and remote areas � Community mobilization to improve communication and support to pregnant women � Women-held case notes � A model with a minimum of 8 antenatal care contacts Sarah deMasi, Maurice Bucagu, Özge Tunçalp, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Theresa Lawrie, Olufemi T Oladapo, Metin Gülmezoglu Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):197–201 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00141 Global Health: Science and Practice 2017 | Volume 5 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org ORIGINAL ARTICLES Effect on Neonatal Mortality of Newborn Infection Management at Health Posts When Referral Is Not Possible: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Rural Ethiopia Health Extension Workers (HEWs), in general, properly provided antibiotic treatment of possible severe bacterial infections in newborns at the health post level. But only about half of newborns estimated to have infections in the intervention area received treatment by HEWs, and home visits and referrals declined in the final months of the study. Cluster-level analysis suggests a mortality reduction consistent with this level of treatment coverage, although the finding did not reach statistical significance. Tedbabe Degefie Hailegebriel, Brian Mulligan, Simon Cousens, Bereket Mathewos, SteveWall, Abeba Bekele, Jeanne Russell, Deborah Sitrin, Biruk Tensou, Joy Lawn, Joseph de Graft Johnson, Hailemariam Legesse, Sirak Hailu, Assaye Nigussie, Bogale Worku, Abdullah Baqui Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):202–216 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00312 Improving Adherence to Essential Birth Practices Using the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist With Peer Coaching: Experience From 60 Public Health Facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India Implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist with peer coaching resulted in >90% adherence to 35 of 39 essential birth practices among birth attendants after 8 months, but adherence to some practices was lower when the coach was absent. Megan Marx Delaney, Pinki Maji, Tapan Kalita, Nabihah Kara, Darpan Rana, Krishan Kumar, Jenny Masoinneuve, Simon Cousens, Atul A Gawande, Vishwajeet Kumar, Bhala Kodkany, Narender Sharma, Rajiv Saurastri, Vinay Pratap Singh, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Katherine EA Semrau, Rebecca Firestone Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5(2):217–231 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00410 The BetterBirth Program: Pursuing Effective Adoption and Sustained Use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Through Coaching-Based Implementation in Uttar Pradesh, India The BetterBirth Program relied on carefully structured coaching that was multilevel, collaborative, and provider- centered to motivate birth attendants to use the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist and improve adherence to essential birth practices. It was scaled to 60 sites as part of a randomized controlled trial in Uttar Pradesh, India. Nabihah Kara, Rebecca Firestone, Tapan Kalita, Atul A Gawande, Vishwajeet Kumar, Bhala Kodkany, Rajiv Saurastri, Vinay Pratap Singh, PinkiMaji, Ami Karlage,