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Writing the Shakespeare Mask: the Novelist's Choices
Writing The Shakespeare Mask: The Novelist’s Choices Newton Frohlich *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright©2016 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The authorship of the works of Shakespeare by de Vere is depicted from when he was five to the time of his the glover from Stratford -on-Avon has been considered a tragic death, including his "favored," sexual relationship myth almost from its inception. No less than Charles Dickins, with the queen and his intimate relationship with Emilia Mark Twain, Henry and William James, Ralph Waldo Bassano, who is widely accepted as the "Dark Lady" of Emerson, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Royal Shake-speare's Sonnets. (There is no evidence of any Shakespeare Company actors John Gielgud, Derek Jacobi, relationship between the Stratford man and Emilia Bassano.) Jeremy Irons, and Michael York, British Prime Minister In short, while the documentary evidence of de Vere's -- or Benjamin Disraeli, five United States Supreme Court the Stratford man's -- authorship of the works of Shakespeare Justices, and thousands who signed a Declaration of Doubt is missing, the circumstantial evidence of de Vere's About Will circulating the World-Wide Web have attested to authorship is overwhelming. And as United States Supreme their doubts. In response to the request by his publisher, Court Justice John Paul Stevens puts it, "circumstantial author Newton Frohlich, commencing research connected evidence can be as persuasive as documentary evidence with a sequel to his novel about Columbus, came across especially where, as here, there's so much of it. -
Redating Pericles: a Re-Examination of Shakespeare’S
REDATING PERICLES: A RE-EXAMINATION OF SHAKESPEARE’S PERICLES AS AN ELIZABETHAN PLAY A THESIS IN Theatre Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS by Michelle Elaine Stelting University of Missouri Kansas City December 2015 © 2015 MICHELLE ELAINE STELTING ALL RIGHTS RESERVED REDATING PERICLES: A RE-EXAMINATION OF SHAKESPEARE’S PERICLES AS AN ELIZABETHAN PLAY Michelle Elaine Stelting, Candidate for the Master of Arts Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2015 ABSTRACT Pericles's apparent inferiority to Shakespeare’s mature works raises many questions for scholars. Was Shakespeare collaborating with an inferior playwright or playwrights? Did he allow so many corrupt printed versions of his works after 1604 out of indifference? Re-dating Pericles from the Jacobean to the Elizabethan era answers these questions and reveals previously unexamined connections between topical references in Pericles and events and personalities in the court of Elizabeth I: John Dee, Philip Sidney, Edward de Vere, and many others. The tournament impresas, alchemical symbolism of the story, and its lunar and astronomical imagery suggest Pericles was written long before 1608. Finally, Shakespeare’s focus on father-daughter relationships, and the importance of Marina, the daughter, as the heroine of the story, point to Pericles as written for a young girl. This thesis uses topical references, Shakespeare’s anachronisms, Shakespeare’s sources, stylometry and textual analysis, as well as Henslowe’s diary, the Stationers' Register, and other contemporary documentary evidence to determine whether there may have been versions of Pericles circulating before the accepted date of 1608. -
Top Left-Hand Corner
Department of English ”Art Made Tongue-tied By Authority”? The Shakespeare Authorship Question Lars Lindholm Bachelor Degree Project Literature VT 2012 Supervisor: Marion Helfer Wajngot Abstract The essay presents the scholarly controversy over the correct attribution of the works by “Shakespeare”. The main alternative author is Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford. 16th century conventions allowed noblemen to write poetry or drama only for private circulation. To appear in print, such works had to be anonymous or under pseudonym. Overtly writing for public theatre, a profitable business, would have been a degrading conduct. Oxford‟s contemporary fame as an author is little matched by known works. Great gaps in relevant sources indicate that documents concerning not only his person and authorship but also the life of Shakspere from Stratford, the alleged author, have been deliberately eliminated in order to transfer the authorship, for which the political authority of the Elizabethan and Jacobean autocratic society had motive and resources enough. A restored identity would imply radical redating of plays and poems. To what extent literature is autobiographical, or was in that age, and whether restoring a lost identity from written works is legitimate at all, are basic issues of the debate, always implying tradition without real proof versus circumstantial evidence. As such arguments are incompatible, both sides have incessantly missed their targets. The historical conditions for the sequence of events that created the fiction, and its main steps, are related. Oxford will be in focus, since most old and new evidence for making a case has reference to him. The views of the two parties on different points are presented by continual quoting from representative recent works by Shakespeare scholars, where the often scornful tone of the debate still echoes. -
The Shakespeare Controversy
Brief Chronicles Vol. I (2009) 277 Book Reviews !e Shakespeare Controversy 2nd Edition By Warren Hope and Kim Holston Je!erson: NC, McFarland, 2009 Reviewed by R. "omas Hunter knew I liked this book from its !rst words. “For too long” Delia Bacon has been misunderstood and misrepresented as has her symbolic function for Shakespeare I authorship studies: “an unworldly pursuit of truth that produces gifts for a world that is indi"erent or hostile to them.” Anyone who has labored in the vineyards of authorship study knows how well that statement expresses their experience. #e second accomplishment of authors Warren Hope and Kim Holston in the early pages of !e Shakespeare Controversy is to help untangle the web of Ms. Bacon’s seminal work, which !rst articulated the authorship issue and gave birth to subsequent generations of research, reading, and speculation, !e Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded. #us, from its very beginning, the authors of this recently revised history of the Shakespeare authorship controversy provide an engaging and a very necessary primer into the history of the controversy and its progression toward Edward De Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford as the true author of Shakespeare’s works. It is at the same time more complete, more reasonable, and more readable than anything Stratfordian Professor Samuel Shoenbaum, who tended toward hysteria whenever he addressed authorship literature, ever provided in his histories of Shakespearean biography. Indeed in their introduction, the authors remark on how histories of authorship produced by the traditional camp have all been a$icted with “a dreary sameness…[that] there is no Shakespeare authorship question, really, only a gabble of cranks who think there is. -
Could Shakespeare Think Like a Lawyer? How Inheritance Law Issues in Hamlet May Shed Light on the Authorship Question
University of Miami Law Review Volume 57 Number 2 Article 4 1-1-2003 Could Shakespeare Think Like a Lawyer? How Inheritance Law Issues in Hamlet May Shed Light on the Authorship Question Thomas Regnier Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr Recommended Citation Thomas Regnier, Could Shakespeare Think Like a Lawyer? How Inheritance Law Issues in Hamlet May Shed Light on the Authorship Question, 57 U. Miami L. Rev. 377 (2003) Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol57/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMENT Could Shakespeare Think Like a Lawyer? How Inheritance Law Issues in Hamlet May Shed Light on the Authorship Question Shakespeare couldn't have written Shakespeare's works, for the reason that the man who wrote them was limitlessly familiar with the laws, and the law-courts, and law-proceedings, and lawyer-talk, and lawyer-ways-and if Shakespeare was possessed of the infinitely- divided star-dust that constituted this vast wealth, how did he get it, and where, and when? . [A] man can't handle glibly and easily and comfortably and successfully the argot of a trade at which he has not personally served. He will make mistakes; he will not, and can- not, get the trade-phrasings precisely and exactly right; and the moment he departs, by even a shade, from a common trade-form, the reader who has served that trade will know the writer hasn't. -
'Fhe Shakespeare :7Vewsletter
'fhe Shakespeare :7Vewsletter Vo 1.35:no.4 "L et me study so, to know the thing I am fo rbid to know" Winter 2000 Shakespeare's Society opens its library, "Bad Law" establishes an EndowlTIent A journey through Two long-standing goals becon1e realities the history of through the generosity of our supporters the argUl1'lents notiler major step has been taken in the Shakespeare Oxford Society's By MarkAndreAlexander Aadvancement of Oxfordian author n Shakespeare, IN FA CT (1994), Irvin ship research. Leigh Matus attempts to dispose of any With several significant grantsand do notions that Shakespeare had a fo rmal nations already received this year, we have legalI education and used legal terms accu been able to take major steps within the past several months in fulfillmentof several long rately: standing goals of the Society: a permanent Shakespeare Oxford Society Endowment The question of his legal knowledge has Fund has been established, and the Society been most recently [sic] tackled by O. Hood has rented (in Malden, MA) space to house Phillips, aj urist, legal scholar and educator, in its library, archives and office. The library Shakespeare and the Lawyers. In the chapter, consists of book collections donated to the "Did Shakespeare have a Legal Training?" he Society over the years, with the gathered and summarized the varying opin CheJyle Sims, one of the Directors of the centerpiece being the Victor Crichton ions that have been handed down. The most Gertrude C. Ford Foundation, addressed Collection. reliable assessment oftheplay wright' s knowl For many years it had been a goal ofthe the Conference at the Saturday luncheon, edge of law, in his opinion, is that of P. -
Summer 2000 Page 3
'the Shakeseeare ]Vewsletter Vo1.36:no.2 "Let me study so, to know the thing I am forbid to knoyv" SlUnmer 2000 An emerging The not ...too- hidden l(ey "crypto-Catholic" to Minerva Britanna theory challenges The Latin phrase ({by the mind 7' Stratfordians shall be seen" may mean just that By Peter W. Dickson By Roger Stritmatter till unbeknownst to many Oxfordians, the Stratfordians are increasingly per Na mes are divine notes, and plexed as to how to salvage the incum divine notes do 1I0tifiejilfure even ts; bent Bard in the face ofthe growing popular so that evellts consequently must ity of the thesis that he was a secret Roman lurk ill names, which only can be Catholic, at least prior to his arrival in Lon plyed into by this mysteIJI ... don, and perhaps to the end of his life, William Camden; "Anagrams" consistent with Richard Davies observation in Remaills ConcerningBritannia in the 1670s, that "he dyed a papist." The mere willingness to explore the evi inerva Britanna, the 1612 dence fo r the Shakspere family's religious emblem book written and orientation was strongly discouraged or sup M·llustrated by Henry pressed for centuries for one simple and Peacham, has long been consid quite powerfulreason: the works of Shake The title page to Hemy Peacham's Minerva Britanna ered the most sophisticated exem speare had become-along with the King (1612) has become one of the more intriguing-and plar of the emblem book tradition James'VersionoftheBible-amajorcultural controversial-artifacts in the authorship mystely. everpublished in England. -
The Electronic Edition of +The Second Cryptographic Shakespeare+ Copyright 1990 by Penn Leary Permission Is Granted to Quote Up
The Electronic edition of +The Second Cryptographic Shakespeare+ Copyright 1990 by Penn Leary Permission is granted to quote up to 500 words, except for quotations from other writers for which I have received permissions. The GWBASIC pro- gram, shown near the end of this text, I have placed in the public domain. It is also available from Westchester House, Publishers, 218 So. 95th St. Omaha NE 68114. Cost is $5.00 postpaid on an MS-DOS DD 5 1/2" disk. The book itself is still available from the publisher, $15 postpaid. 313 pages, 16 photo illustrations, bibliography, index. Words marked with + indicate italic text. Title Page. Why how now gentleman: why this is flat knaverie to take upon you another mans's name. William Shakespeare: Taming of the Shrew, iv, 1, 127 +Wherefore let us come to+ CYPHARS. Their kinds are many as, +Cyphars simple; Cyphars intermixt with Nulloes+, or non-significant Characters; +Cyphers of double Letters under one Character; Wheele-Cyphars; Kay-Cyphars; Cyphars of words; Others.+ Francis Bacon: +The Advancement of Learning+ THE SECOND CRYPTOGRAPHIC SHAKESPEARE A MONOGRAPH WHEREIN THE POEMS AND PLAYS ATTRIBUTED TO WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE ARE PROVEN TO CONTAIN THE ENCIPHERED NAME OF THE CONCEALED AUTHOR, FRANCIS BACON BY PENN LEARY THE ENLARGED SECOND EDITION While supplies last, a copy of the book may be obtained from WESTCHESTER HOUSE, PUBLISHERS, 218 SOUTH NINETY-FIFTH, OMAHA, NEBR., U.S.A. 68114 Price $15 p.p. COPYRIGHT 1990 BY PENN LEARY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 90-90117 Quotations excerpted from +The Man Who Saw Through Time+ Copyright by Loren Eiseley, 1973, reprinted with permission of Charles Scribners Sons, New York City. -
Becoming an Oxfordian: the Phenomenology of Shifting Research Paradigms In
Becoming an Oxfordian: The Phenomenology of Shifting Research Paradigms in Shakespearean Biography1 1.0 Experiencing a New Shakespeare A year before she was to publish her 1922 book The Shakespeare Garden, American author, journalist and polymath Esther Singleton came across a book that was to change her life. It purported that the author of the plays and poems of Shakespeare was not the businessman from Stratford-Upon-Avon but instead a highly-placed Earl who secretly wrote under the pseudonym Shake-Speare. Overwhelmed by this revelation, she re-read the book multiple times before expressing her thoughts on the matter. She wrote, I cannot explain the effect that this discovery has had upon me. All the plays that I know so well, that I have read and reread since childhood until they have become bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh, are now more wonderful. Some things that have been obscure have become as clear as glass; more true in their philosophy; more brilliant in their wit; more sincere in their scholarship; more charming in their tenderness; more subtle in their delicacy; more penetrating in their wisdom; and truer to life…2 The book that had affected her so was the recently-published Shakespeare Identified in Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford by J. Thomas Looney,3 a ground-breaking work of investigation that would create a movement of Shakespeare enthusiasts calling themselves Oxfordians following in Looney’s footsteps. With the centenary of Shakespeare Identified approaching, it now seems appropriate to consider afresh the impact of Looney’s work – not so much on the production of Shakespeare biographies, for those proceed apace as always – rather, we should examine the lived experience of Oxfordians themselves, and consider the intellectual and emotional phenomenon so eloquently described by Singleton. -
Oxford by the Numbers: What Are the Odds That the Earl of Oxford Could Have Written Shakespeare’S Poems and Plays?
OXFORD BY THE NUMBERS: WHAT ARE THE ODDS THAT THE EARL OF OXFORD COULD HAVE WRITTEN SHAKESPEARE’S POEMS AND PLAYS? WARD E.Y. ELLIOTT AND ROBERT J. VALENZA* Alan Nelson and Steven May, the two leading Oxford documents scholars in the world, have shown that, although many documents connect William Shakspere of Stratford to Shakespeare’s poems and plays, no documents make a similar connection for Oxford. The documents, they say, support Shakespeare, not Oxford. Our internal- evidence stylometric tests provide no support for Oxford. In terms of quantifiable stylistic attributes, Oxford’s verse and Shakespeare’s verse are light years apart. The odds that either could have written the other’s work are much lower than the odds of getting hit by lightning. Several of Shakespeare’s stylistic habits did change during his writing lifetime and continued to change years after Oxford’s death. Oxfordian efforts to fix this problem by conjecturally re-dating the plays twelve years earlier have not helped his case. The re-datings are likewise ill- documented or undocumented, and even if they were substantiated, they would only make Oxford’s stylistic mismatches with early Shakespeare more glaring. Some Oxfordians now concede that Oxford differs from Shakespeare but argue that the differences are developmental, like those between a caterpillar and a butterfly. This argument is neither documented nor plausible. It asks us to believe, without supporting evidence, that at age forty-three, Oxford abruptly changed seven to nine of his previously constant writing habits to match those of Shakespeare and then froze all but four habits again into Shakespeare’s likeness for the rest of his writing days. -
Mistaken Identity? the Soul of the Age a Kingdom for A
Dear Educator, There’s little debate that William Shakespeare is one of the world’s greatest poets and playwrights. But who is William Shakespeare? The answer to that question is the starting point for Anonymous, TARGE T AUDIENCE AC T IVI T Y 2 Sony Pictures’ exciting new This program is designed for students in English literature, TH E SOUL O F th E AGE historical thriller directed by Roland theater, and British history classes. Emmerich (Independence Day, The This activity introduces students to Edward de Vere, Earl of Day After Tomorrow) and starring PROGRAM OBJEC T IVES Oxford. Students consider the evidence, conduct their own Rhys Ifans and Vanessa Redgrave, research, and either write a position paper or conduct a • To encourage critical thinking by challenging students debate about the issues. You might have them write a which arrives in theaters on to examine the theories about the authorship of soliloquy for de Vere, either defending him and his October 28, 2011. Shakespeare’s works and to formulate their own anonymity, or denying that he is the author. opinions. Anonymous takes us back to a • To strengthen students’ communication skills through Follow-Up Activity: After students have seen time when plays and politics were classroom discussion and debate. Anonymous, explore how the life of a courtier like de intertwined and when uncovered • To engage students in creative writing exercises. Vere is reflected in Shakespeare’s plays. To what extent do characters like Hamlet and Henry V seem to speak from secrets revealed how the works we PROGRAM COM P ONEN T S within the world of royalty? To what extent are they attribute to William Shakespeare portrayed from an outsider’s perspective on that world? may have actually been written by • This one-page teacher’s guide Queen Elizabeth I’s one-time • Three reproducible activity masters • A classroom wall poster AC T IVI T Y 3 favorite, Edward de Vere, the Earl A KINGDOM F OR A ST AGE of Oxford. -
GUESTS: MAURICE Charl\Ley CHARLTON OGBURN SUBJECT
The copyright laws of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. If a user makes a request for, or later uses a photocopy or reproduction (including handwritten copies) for purposes in excess of fair use, that user may be liable for copyright infringement. Users are advised to obtain permission from the copyright owner before any re-use of this material. Use of this material is for private, non-commercial, and educational purposes; additional reprints and further distribution is prohibited. Copies are not for resale. All other rights reserved. For further information, contact Director, Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010 © Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. o FIRinG Line GUESTS: MAURICE CHARl\lEY CHARLTON OGBURN SUBJECT: "THE MYSTERIOUS WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE" #630 SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIA TlON SECA PRESENTS ® FIRinG Line HOST: WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY JR. t ' GUESTS: MAURICE CHARNEY CHARLTON OGBURN SUBJECT: "THE MYSTERIOUS WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE" The FIRING LINE television series is a production of the Southern Educational Communications Association, 928 Woodrow St., P O. Box 5966. Columbia, S.C.. 29250 and FIRING LINE is produced and directed bV WARREN STEIBEL is transmitted through the facilities of the Public Broadcasting Service. FIRING LINE can be This is a transcript of the Firing Line program seen and heard each week through public television and radio stations throughout the taped in New York City on December 11, 1984, country. Check your local newspapers for channel and time in your area. and telecast later by PBS.