DOCSLIB.ORG

DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT PROFORMA: Empirical 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT PROFORMA: Empirical 1 Cardiff School of Sport DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT PROFORMA: Empirical 1 Student name: Jake Fairhurst Student ID: St20034110 Programme: SPE Dissertation title: An analysis and comparison of possessions between a top, middle and bottom placed team in the Barclays Premier League. Supervisor: Adam Cullinane Comments Section Title and Abstract (5%) Title to include: A concise indication of the research question/problem. Abstract to include: A concise summary of the empirical study undertaken. Introduction and literature review (25%) To include: outline of context (theoretical/conceptual/applied) for the question; analysis of findings of previous related research including gaps in the literature and relevant contributions; logical flow to, and clear presentation of the research problem/ question; an indication of any research expectations, (i.e., hypotheses if applicable). Methods and Research Design (15%) To include: details of the research design and justification for the methods applied; participant details; comprehensive replicable protocol. Results and Analysis (15%) 2 To include: description and justification of data treatment/ data analysis procedures; appropriate presentation of analysed data within text and in tables or figures; description of critical findings. Discussion and Conclusions (30%) 2 To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings. 1 This form should be used for both quantitative and qualitative dissertations. The descriptors associated with both quantitative and qualitative dissertations should be referred to by both students and markers. 2 There is scope within qualitative dissertations for the RESULTS and DISCUSSION sections to be presented as a combined section followed by an appropriate CONCLUSION. The mark distribution and criteria across these two sections should be aggregated in those circumstances. Presentation (10%) To include: academic writing style; depth, scope and accuracy of referencing in the text and final reference list; clarity in organisation, formatting and visual presentation Cardiff Metropolitan University Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd Certificate of student By submitting this document, I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort, that all quotations from books and journals have been acknowledged, and that the word count given below is a true and accurate record of the words contained (omitting contents pages, acknowledgements, indices, tables, figures, plates, reference list and appendices). I further certify that the work was either deemed to not need ethical approval or was entirely within the ethical approval granted under the code entered below. Ethical approval code: _______exempt______________ (enter code or 'exempt') Word count: 8,885 Name: Jake Fairhurst Date: 19/03/2015 Certificate of Dissertation Supervisor responsible I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own effort and was either deemed to not need ethical approval (as indicated by 'exempt' above) or was entirely within the ethical approval granted under the code entered above. I have received dissertation verification information from this student Name: Jake Fairhurst Date: 19/03/2015 Notes: The University owns the right to reprint all or part of this document. CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd CARDIFF SCHOOL OF SPORT DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2014-5 An analysis and comparison of possessions between a top, middle and bottom placed team in the Barclays Premier League. Performance Analysis Jake Fairhurst St20034110 Table of Contents Page No: Acknowledgments 1 Abstract 1 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 2 1.1 Association Football 3 1.2 Principles of Play 3 1.3 Barclays Premier League 3 1.4 Hypotheses 3 CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4 2.1 Performance Analysis in Football 5 2.2 Match Analysis 6 2.3 Feedback 6 2.4 Hand Notation vs. Computerised Notation Analysis 7 2.5 Operational Definitions 8 2.6 Validity and Reliability 9 2.7 Performance Indicators 9 2.8 Attacking Styles of Play 10 2.9 Rational for the Study 11 2.10 Aim of the Study 13 CHAPTER THREE: Methods 14 3.1 Computerised Notation System 15 3.2 Equipment 15 3.3 Data Collection and Sample 16 3.4 Operational Definitions 17 3.5 System Design 22 3.6 Procedure 25 3.7 Pilot Study and Reliability Testing 25 3.8 Data Processing and Analysis 29 CHAPTER FOUR: Results 30 4.1 Breakdown of Possessions 31 4.2 Origins of Possessions (General) 32 4.3 Origins of Possessions (Specific) 35 4.4 Possession Types 36 4.5 Possession Ends 37 4.6 Breakdown of Outcomes and AoT Ratio 38 CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion 40 5.1 Introduction 41 5.2 Discussion of Findings 41 5.2.1 Breakdown of Possessions 41 5.2.2 Origins of Possessions (General) 42 5.2.3 Origins of Possessions (Specific) 43 5.2.4 Possession Types 44 5.2.5 Possession Ends 45 5.2.6 Breakdown of Outcomes and AoT Ratio 46 5.3 Implications of Findings 47 CHAPTER 6: Conclusion 48 6.1 Sample Issues 49 6.2 Conclusions of the Study 49 6.3 Recommendations for Future Research 50 REFERENCES 51 Page No: Appendices 56 Appendix A: Reliability tests (Kappa Statistic). List of Tables Page No: Table 1. Matches used for match analysis. 16 Table 2. Operational Definitions. 17 Table 3. Mean numbers of possessions and overall percentage breakdown of 35 possessions originating in each specific zone. Table 4. Mean breakdown of outcomes per game for all three teams. 38 List of figures Page No: Figure 1. Stuidiocode coding template. 24 Figure 2. Chain of notation. 27 Figure 3. Reliability of recorded data. 28 Figure 4. Mean number of possessions (±sd) per game for each team. 31 Figure 5. Percentage breakdown of overall positive/negative outcomes. 31 Figure 6. Mean number of possessions (±sd) and percentage breakdown 32 of possession origins. Figure 7. Positive and negative outcomes from Defensive Zone. 33 Figure 8. Positive and negative outcomes from Pre Attacking Zone. 33 Figure 9. Positive and negative outcomes from Attacking Zone. 34 Figure 10. Pitch illustration to support table. 35 Figure 11. Percentage breakdown of possession types per game for each 36 of the three teams. Figure 12. Percentage breakdown of where possessions ended per game 37 for all three teams. Figure 13. Mean attempts at goal per game and AoT ratio. 39 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Adam Cullinane for his time and assistance throughout the dissertation process. Abstract The aim of the study was to compare and analyse possessions between a top, middle and bottom placed team in the Barclays Premier League to assess any differences in style of play. Post-match analysis of 18 matches involving Manchester City, Newcastle United and Cardiff City was carried out on the 2013/14 Barclays Premier League season, using Studiocode to code every possession for each team within the 6 matches. Kappa reliability tests were conducted to the system which calculated a good strength of agreement. From the research study the following findings were found, Manchester City on average had the highest amount of possessions per game, they were the best at converting possessions they had from the defensive zone into positive outcomes, and Manchester City typically looked to play the ball in behind the most. Cardiff City on average looked to play the ball long the most, they scored the least goals and possessed the worst positive to negative ratio regarding outcomes. Finally regarding Newcastle United, looked to cross the ball and knock the ball long more frequently than Manchester City, had the greatest amount of possessions originate in the defensive zones and possessed the best AoT ratio. Implications of findings were identified relative to, informing team selections and coaching sessions and understanding differences in style of play between a top, middle and bottom placed team. 1 CHAPTER ONE Introduction 2 1.1 Association Football The most important date in relation to the game football we know and love today is the 26th of October 1863, which is widely understood to be the day that the Football Association was created and the modern game played today was born (Slade, 2013). Association football refers to a sport which has two teams with 11 players with the main aim of each team trying to score more goals than the other in order to win, in order to score a team needs possession of the ball, further highlighting that scoring is a direct result of attacking play (James, Jones & Mellalieu 2004). 1.2 Principles of Play Wade (1996) suggested principles of play in which he notes that in order to be successful in football in terms of attacking and defending these principles should be employed. Attacking principles include, width, improvisation, mobility, penetration and support. Defensive principles referred to, delay, concentration, balance and control, with depth sitting under both elements of play. 1.3 Barclays Premier League The Barclays Premier League is a professional football
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sample Download
    Contents Acknowledgements 6 Foreword 9 Introduction 13 1. Middlesbrough v Liverpool, 17 August 1996 19 2 August 29 3. Middlesbrough v West Ham United, 4, September 1996 39 4 September 45 5. Sunderland v Middlesbrough, 14 October 1996 53 6 October 58 7. November 66 8 Middlesbrough v Newcastle, 27 November 1996 73 9. December 83 10. Middlesbrough v Everton, 26 December 1996 94 11. January 100 12 Middlesbrough v Sheffield Wednesday, 18 January 1997 113 13. February 120 14. Stockport County v Middlesbrough, 26 February 1997 128 15. Middlesbrough v Derby County, 5 March 1997 136 16. March 143 17. Leicester City v Middlesbrough, 6 April 1997 155 18. April 167 19. May 181 20 Chelsea v Middlesbrough, 17 May 1997 203 Epilogue 212 Bibliography 222 Middlesbrough 1996/97 Results 223 Chapter 1 Middlesbrough v Liverpool Saturday, 17 August 1996 Riverside Stadium Attendance: 30,039 He was instantly recognisable the moment he strolled out of the players’ tunnel on to the turf of the Riverside Stadium The shock of silver hair glinted in the scorching August sun, the loose-fitting red shirt sagged untucked, the collar turned up The name commentators relished saying A month or two ago the transfer sounded like a joke There he was in the flesh One of the elite strikers on the planet was playing for Middlesbrough Football Club Less than three months earlier Fabrizio Ravanelli was playing for Juventus in the Stadio Olimpico in the Champions League Final On 13 minutes, the man known in Italy as Penne Bianca (‘White Feather’) latched on to the ball after a defensive
    [Show full text]
  • Dc Stoddert Session Plans
    DC STODDERT SESSION PLANS U15 + HIGH SCHOOL (11V11) SOCCER SESSION PLAN #: 01 AGE GROUP: HIGH SCHOOL PLAYERS 12+ STAGE: 1 FOCUS: DEFENDING IN PAIRS - CONTACT BEFORE FIRST TOUCH Body between defender and ball Decision on where to play next before you get the ball 20 MIN. 1ST ACTIVITY: Mini Game (Skill Practice) Option A ORGANIZATION: TECHNIQUE: KEY POINTS: • 5v2 rondo • Stay on your feet defensively • Touch the ball to get out of the middle • Force the ball one way with body • Defender has to retreat to central cone after shape and cutting off passing angles defending the ball • Step on bad touch, when the ball • Pressure and cover is introduced by the stops, or a slow pass stepping to the ball and the 2nd defender • Recover centrally at pace with a drop covering and cutting off passing lanes step • Players on the outside use a touch limit 2-3 touch 20 MIN. 2ND ACTIVITY: Mini Game (Skill Practice) Option B ORGANIZATION: TECHNIQUE: KEY POINTS: • 1v1 central with multiple balls on the outside • Check away and then into the ball • Playmaker receives ball under passive pressure, • Head up to find open player before uses feints/moves to get separation and finds reception open outside player • Use your body to get contact before • Work for 45 seconds then switch touching the ball • Hard work, so rest is built in on the outside • Vary surface for first touch • Keep body between man and ball 20 MIN. 3RD ACTIVITY: The Game ORGANIZATION: TECHNIQUE: KEY POINTS: • 11v11 game • As above • Look to pivot the ball via central players • Use the pressure and cover technique • Defensively hunt in pairs to win the ball back • Use body to shield and take ball in possession 5 MIN.
    [Show full text]
  • U12 Activities - Passing & Receiving for Possession
    U12 Activities - Passing & Receiving for Possession Objective: To improve the players’ ability to pass, receive and possess the soccer ball when in the attack Technical Warm up Organization Coaching Pts. Dutch Square: Passing: Half of the players on the inside of the square Toe up (inside) or down & turned (with soccer balls), half on the outside. The in (outside) insiders will pass the soccer ball to the Placement of non-kicking foot outsiders. The outsiders will pass the ball and good balance back with one or two touches to the insiders. Receiving: The insiders will receive the soccer ball and Keep feet moving before ball look for another outsider to pass to. After a arrives and go to it few minutes, switch insiders with outsiders. Keep ankle of receiving foot Coach: have players pass and receive with locked and body behind ball the right and left foot. Eye on ball at instant of reception Time: 15 minutes Small Sided Game Organization Coaching Pts. Tech of passing and receiving 3v3 5 Goal Game: Players in good supporting In a 20x30 yard grid, five 2 yard goals are positions spread out throughout the grid. The teams Pace and accuracy of the pass score by passing and receiving through Finding the open gate or goal any of the goals to a teammate. First Touch – Directional Coach: Emphasize the importance of Clear communication being in good supporting positions and (demand the ball) good attacking shape. 3 Players need to be Good team shape in a triangle. Time: 15 minutes Exp. Small Sided Game Organization Coaching Pts.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Offside by Julian Carosi
    The History of Offside by Julian Carosi www.corshamref.org.uk The History of Offside by Julian Carosi: Updated 23 November 2010 The word off-side derives from the military term "off the strength of his side". When a soldier is "off the strength", he is no longer entitled to any pay, rations or privileges. He cannot again receive these unless, and until he is placed back "on the strength of his unit" by someone other than himself. In football, if a player is off-side, he is said to be "out of play" and thereby not entitled to play the ball, nor prevent the opponent from playing the ball, nor interfere with play. He has no privileges and cannot place himself "on-side". He can only regain his privileges by the action of another player, or if the ball goes out of play. The origins of the off-side law began in the various late 18th and early 19th century "football" type games played in English public schools, and descended from the same sporting roots found in the game of Rugby. A player was "off his side" if he was standing in front of the ball (between the ball and the opponents' goal). In these early days, players were not allowed to make a forward pass. They had to play "behind" the ball, and made progress towards the oppositions' goal by dribbling with the ball or advancing in a scrum-like formation. It did not take long to realise, that to allow the game to flow freely, it was essential to permit the forward pass, thus raising the need for a properly structured off-side law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Three-Man Midfield
    THE THREE-MAN MIDFIELD by BRIAN BARTOLO Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the UEFA PRO Diploma 2015-2017 in the Malta Football Association Technical Centre Tutor: STEPHEN GRIMA Abstract Brian Bartolo: The Three-Man Midfield The systems and the style of play of different teams have always been of interest to the various supporters, the media, the general public and especially to coaches. In recent years it has become more and more essential that teams analyse each other’s style and system of play in order to be well prepared to play against the next opponents. Most of the teams have, in fact, employed full time match analysts to help them in performing this job as best as they can. The system and style of play are the team’s identity and these are dictated by the players themselves. The midfield players are the core of each team and therefore, most often, the team is build around these players. The aim of this dissertation is to determine how a three man central midfield in a team operates and how the players move individually and as a group in both attack and defence. The reason why a three man central midfield was chosen for this study is because, in recent years, there have been more teams using three central midfield players rather than two. The questions tackled by this dissertation are: ❖ Which are the different formations that use a three man central midfield? ❖ What are the different characteristics of these players and what impact do they have on the team’s style of play? ❖ What is the role of these players in the possession phase, the non-possession phase and the transition phase of the team? ❖ How do the various midfield players move during different situations, different phases and in different areas of the field of play? ii To My Family and Friends and All the Participants and Tutors of the first “UEFA PRO LICENCE COURSE” held in Malta between September 2015 and April 2017 iii Structure of the dissertation Chapter one gives an explanation of the different types of formations used along the years and how they evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing Shooting
    Bear in mind that the foot that your player uses to strike the ball will to running players tend to be aimed a little further in front of them, so determine how the ball may curl, and whether the cross is inswinging or remember to take this into account. INTRODUCTION outswinging. Inswinging crosses (face away from the goal) can be more COACHING MANUAL effective when you would like to reach players around the goalmouth, Confused? Don’t be. Use Training mode to practice, and you’ll find that it TACTICS & STRATEGIES and outswinging crosses (face the goal-line) are better for reaching all makes perfect sense after a while. Mastering the art of putting in the players outside the six-yard area, making a run into the box, or even best possible cross will take a little longer, though… MASTER LEAGUE outside the penalty area. It’s also worthy of note that crosses made TEAM & PLAYER GUIDE Crossing EXTRAS Index speCial CRosses Related Moves While “traditional” crossing types work in a wide range of situations, there you could with an “automatic” cross, but you do have complete control MOVes Index are additional techniques that you can use to set up your teammates. over the pace and height of the ball. As you gradually build an automatic BUTTON RELATED PLAYER DEFence MOVE COMMAND EXECUTION TIPS GENERAL ADVICE ABILITIES understanding of when this type of cross will be appropriate, this can GoalKeepers Long Cross t + Long Pass Button This standard type of cross is the most powerful, and will usually be Always take your player’s favoured foot (and, if you’re willing to Agility, Long Pass Accuracy, USING MANUAL PASSES TO CROSS be a powerful addition to your attacking arsenal.
    [Show full text]
  • USYS COVID Activity Guide
    USYS ACTIVITY GUIDE COVID EDITION June, 2020 US Youth Soccer has compiled a collection of useful resources that can help you and your players begin to engage in physical soccer activity. These activities are designed to limit contact, and you can select which are most appropriate for you based on your local return to activity guidelines. These activities are good examples to follow while taking proper physical distancing into consideration. Physical activity plays a huge part in the development of a child. Exercise, along with a balanced diet, can provide the foundation for a healthy, active life. Thank you to all of the USYS State Associations who participated in this collaboration. Please be aware and follow all Federal, State and Local guidelines and requirements before engaging in any physical activity. The safety and security of our soccer community is, and always will be, our highest priority! We hope you enjoy these activities and please reach out if you have any suggestions, comments or questions. For more information, go to https://www.usyouthsoccer.org/ coaching-resources/ We are Youth Soccer! 2 4 v 4 3 Terry 4v4 Dribble Through Cones and Shoot (U6-U8) Babatunde Objective: Dribbling and Shooting Eguaoje Ed. D. Player Actions: Shoot, Pass/dribble Key Qualities: Read game/make decisions, Optimal technique, Optimal physical Organization: 4v4 dribble and shoot. 1. Each player with a ball in a grid with a mini goal. 2. Players dribble thru each cone and shoot on mini goal. 3. Switch players between grids Notes: Make a competition out of it – First player to shoot on mini-goal, Encourage close control, players to look up when dribbling, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Guide
    PAIRS & COMBINATIONS: THE COMPLETE GUIDE 04th August 2014 (Edition 3) PAIRS & COMBINATIONS: THE COMPLETE GUIDE Llama3 SI FORUMS Tactics & Training PAIRS & COMBINATIONS: THE COMPLETE GUIDE Contents Introduction 2 Goalkeepers 3 Central Defenders 4 Central Midfielders 9 Wide Men 19 Strike Partnerships 22 Team Instructions 25 Building My Team 30 During The Match 37 Formations 40 New Roles 42 1 PAIRS & COMBINATIONS: THE COMPLETE GUIDE Introduction This is the complete guide for the Pairs & Combinations series, all parts will be added to this single thread for discussion and for simply making it easier to track. I will discuss the following topics: Goalkeepers Central Defenders Central Midfielders Wide Men Strike Partnerships Team Instructions Building My Team Here are the articles… 2 PAIRS & COMBINATIONS: THE COMPLETE GUIDE GOALKEEPERS Goalkeepers are still an important part of your team's tactical setup. Their distribution and sweeping up are significantly linked to your overall team style of play, and the players in your team. A well set-up goalkeeper can significantly improve your team's performances. Distribution Your goalkeeper has several options for distribution. He can act as a creative presence, or tend towards playing it safe. The options are as follows: Defender Collect Quick Throw Long Kick A defender collect option works well with building play from the back, and works particularly well when you have a good creative outlet, like a ball-playing defender, a deep lying playmaker, or a Regista, who can help create chances from a deeper position and help maintain possession. A quick throwing option supports a more direct counter-attacking approach, appears to suit distribution to full backs/wing backs (who naturally tend to have the most space from the back) & helps speed play out from the back at a much quicker tempo.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCCERNOMICS NEW YORK TIMES Bestseller International Bestseller
    4color process, CMYK matte lamination + spot gloss (p.2) + emboss (p.3) SPORTS/SOCCER SOCCERNOMICS NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER “As an avid fan of the game and a fi rm believer in the power that such objective namEd onE oF thE “bEst booKs oF thE yEar” BY GUARDIAN, SLATE, analysis can bring to sports, I was captivated by this book. Soccernomics is an FINANCIAL TIMES, INDEPENDENT (UK), AND BLOOMBERG NEWS absolute must-read.” —BillY BEANE, General Manager of the Oakland A’s SOCCERNOMICS pioneers a new way of looking at soccer through meticulous, empirical analysis and incisive, witty commentary. The San Francisco Chronicle describes it as “the most intelligent book ever written about soccer.” This World Cup edition features new material, including a provocative examination of how soccer SOCCERNOMICS clubs might actually start making profi ts, why that’s undesirable, and how soccer’s never had it so good. WHY ENGLAND LOSES, WHY SPAIN, GERMANY, “read this book.” —New York Times AND BRAZIL WIN, AND WHY THE US, JAPAN, aUstralia– AND EVEN IRAQ–ARE DESTINED “gripping and essential.” —Slate “ Quite magnificent. A sort of Freakonomics TO BECOME THE kings of the world’s for soccer.” —JONATHAN WILSON, Guardian MOST POPULAR SPORT STEFAN SZYMANSKI STEFAN SIMON KUPER SIMON kupER is one of the world’s leading writers on soccer. The winner of the William Hill Prize for sports book of the year in Britain, Kuper writes a weekly column for the Financial Times. He lives in Paris, France. StEfaN SzyMaNSkI is the Stephen J. Galetti Collegiate Professor of Sport Management at the University of Michigan’s School of Kinesiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Program Crossfire Book 1
    LWYSA Training Program Crossfire Book 1 Building a Style of Play Written by Jimmy Gabriel Lake Washington Youth Soccer Association Copyright © 2004 by LWYSA 1 WELCOME TO THE LAKE WASHINGTON YOUTH SOCCER ASSOCIATION FAMILY OF PROGRAMS In 1967, a group of individuals got together and formed an Association for our youth, centered around the game of soccer, which has endured and developed the following organizational philosophy. VISION To be recognized by our membership and soccer community as a world-class provider of youth soccer services. MISSION To promote the game of soccer and to provide opportunities for all youth under the age of nineteen who register with us, to play affiliated soccer at a level commensurate with ability and interest. We will emphasize the development of self-esteem, good sportsmanship, fitness, achievement, teamwork and skill through the playing of the game; and provide educational opportunities to further develop all players, coaches, referees and administrators. The Vision and Mission statements above are our creed. Following in this thought, the Association takes great pride in its approach of teaching life’s lessons to our youth. This environment is intended to create an enjoyable soccer experience as well as develop young athletes. Many individuals have contributed to the success of the Association Programs over the years. To all those individuals, the Association is truly grateful for the contributions and sacrifices they made in behalf of our youth. 2 Table of Contents Building a Style of Play..............................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Spaces and Times for Tactical Analysis in Football
    City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Andrienko, G. ORCID: 0000-0002-8574-6295, Andrienko, N. ORCID: 0000- 0003-3313-1560, Anzer, G., Bauer, P., Budziak, G., Fuchs, G., Hecker, D., Weber, H. and Wrobel, S. (2021). Constructing Spaces and Times for Tactical Analysis in Football. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(4), pp. 2280-2297. doi: 10.1109/tvcg.2019.2952129 This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/23209/ Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2952129 Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2019.2952129, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics JOURNAL OF LATEX CLASS FILES, VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • Soccercoachinginternational's Glossary of Soccer Terms
    SoccerCoachingInternational’s Glossary of Soccer Terms # 1 + 1 (2 + 2, 3 + 3, etc.) - a training situation in which both sides have the given number of players and the coach makes suggestions as play continues 1 v 1 (2 v 2, 3 v 3, etc.) - a competition or game in which both sides have the given number of players 1-Man System - a system of refereeing in which a single official controls the game from within the field, without use of assistant referees 1-Touch - a style of play in which the ball is passed on or distributed without touching the ball more than once 12th Man - the fans, supporters, and crowd that helps the home team gain an advantage over the visiting team 18-Yard Box - (British) - the penalty area; the large box adjacent to the goal mouth, extending 18 yards out into the field from the goal line and 18 yards in each direction from the goal posts to towards the corners 2-Man System - a system of refereeing in which two officials control the game from the sidelines 2-on-1 Break - 2 attacking players breaking against 1 defensive player 2-Touch - a style of play in which the ball is passed on or distributed after only two touches 2-3-5 - formation featuring 2 fullbacks, 3 halfbacks and 5 forwards, developed by the British in the 1890's and used until the 1940s; also known as the Pyramid Formation 3 D's of Defense - deny, delay, and destroy 3-Touch - a style of play in which the ball is passed on or distributed after only three touches 3-on-1 Break - a break with 3 attacking players against only 1 defensive player 3-on-2 Break - a break with 3 attacking players against 2 defensive players 3-5-2 - a formation featuring a goalkeeper, a sweeper and two marking backs, five midfielders and two forwards 3-4-3 - a rarely played formation, most often employed when a team is behind in a game and needs a goal.
    [Show full text]