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The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America Edited by Victor Bulmer-Thomas , John Coatsworth , Roberto Cortes-Conde Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81290-0 — The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America Edited by Victor Bulmer-Thomas , John Coatsworth , Roberto Cortes-Conde Index More Information INDEX Adelman, Jeremy, 175, 192, 193, 205 modernization of, 356, 357, 532 Africa No-Till, 364, 518 foreign investment in, 92 peasant, 365, 485, 529 slavery in, 26, 380, 527 Peruvian, 526–530 Age of Empire, 99 prices v. industrial goods prices, 257 Agrarian Credit Bank, 222 protectionism, 159 agricultural production, 503–533 rainfall’s influence on, 488 characteristics of, 503 reduced profitability of, 534 domestic market, 504 research organizations, 492 FAO’s statistics of, 504 savannas and, 359–361 agriculture. See also agriculture, commercial; soybean’s impact on, 360 cattle ranching; coffee; farmers; grain; technology and, 342, 488 land use territorial expansion of, 352 area, total, 361–362 transformation of, 361 Brazil’s expansion of, 357, 493, 511 wheat, 516 Central American import-substitution in, 115 agriculture, commercial characteristics of, 483, 535 expansion of, 361 Chilean, 518–520 intensification outside savannas, 361–364 conservation v., 531 Albert, Bill, 558 Cuban, 511 alcohol, gasoline v., 512 employment in, 408 Allende, Salvador, 442 expansion of, 486 Alliance for Progress, 124 export tax influence on, 517 educational support by, 448 forest land and, 493 Amazon basin GATT and, 138 colonization of, 501 Great Depression and, 496 conversion of, 532 growth strategies in, 493–497 emigration to, 404 illegal crops of, 365 Peruvians moving to, 530 importance of, 483, 484 push into, 530, 533 Incas and, 526 American continent intensification of, 352 Cretaceous period of, 338 interior movement’s impact on, 357 deserts/semideserts of, 340–341 low technology and, 357 eastern flank geography of, 338 Mexico’s, 520–526 geographical features of, 335–341 military governments and, 360 high plateaus of, 340 mineral extraction v., 484 Jurassic period of, 335 729 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81290-0 — The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America Edited by Victor Bulmer-Thomas , John Coatsworth , Roberto Cortes-Conde Index More Information 730 Index American continent (cont.) Paraguayan War funded by, 65 mountain regions of, 340 policy inconsistencies of, 157 Precambrian rocks of, 336 railroad’s influence on, 269, 310, 317, 318 savannas, tropical, 340 rising export prices of, 112 temperate/subtropical regions, 340 Rothschild Committee and, 78 tropics of, 339 trade protection of, 551 Upper Tertiary period of, 339 2001 debacle, 99 An Ideal Husband (Wilde), 61 wheat agriculture of, 516 Andean Common Market, 124 World War I influence on, 254 Andean countries Argentine Institute for the Promotion of Trade Kemmerer missions to, 221 (IAPI), 576 land use in, 493 Argentine International Trade Under Inconvertible Andean economies, 14 Paper Money (Williams), 261 Andean Mountain slopes, fragility of, 338 Argentine Pampas, 20 Andean Pact/Community, relaunching of, 150, armed forces, diminishing role of, 209 160 Asia. See also East Asia Antioqueno˜ migration, Colombia’s, 203 financial crisis of, 144 Appleby, John, knotting device of, 345 foreign investment in, 92 Argentina workers of, 26 animal products of, 515 assets. See also income-earning assets Baring Crash in, 76, 77, 78, 261 prices, returns and, 605–607, 629–636 beer industry of, 546 productive use of, 606 belle epoque´ of, 204, 547 use of, 620–629 biotechnology leadership of, 518 Astorga, Pablo, 53 Cafe de Conversion´ of, 107 Atlantic economy civil codes of, 190 investment in, 16 commercial code of, 191 Latin America’s insertion into, 343 Constitution of 1853, 186 Augustan age, 252 creation of, 186 Australia crops of, 515 gold discovered in, 280 Currency Board’s reopening in, 223 immigration policy of, 397–400 customs resources increase in, 213 Aymara people, 472 development strategy of, 77 economic growth in, 517 Bairoch, Paul, 38 exchange control, 111 Baker Plan, 145 export boom, 116 balance of payments exports of, 514 crisis, 131 foreign capital’s influence on, 83 difficulties, 115 foreign debt serviced in, 115 balkanization, 24, 31 foreign trade expansion of, 213 Bank of Brazil (Banco do Brasil ) frontier settlement of, 204 founding of, 211 gold standard and, 107, 217 monopoly issued by, 233 Great Britain linked with, 112, 291 rediscount authorization of, 242–243 immigration to, 515, 516 Bank of England import substitution favored by, 517 gold standard and, 256 industrial development in, 545–547, Issue Department of, 215 562 Bank of Mexico industrialization limited in, 291 increasing reserve ratio of, 244 inflation/devaluation cycle in, 517 Pani’s founding of, 222 Italian immigrants in, 412 Bank of the Republic, credits granted by, land use in, 492 227 landed oligarchy of, 516 banks monetary system of, 214 government-owned industrial financing of, non-default of, 85 581–582 non-tax resources of, 229 systems, MNCs and, 580 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81290-0 — The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America Edited by Victor Bulmer-Thomas , John Coatsworth , Roberto Cortes-Conde Index More Information Index 731 Baring Crash bond(s) Argentina’s, 76, 77, 78, 261 Brady, 151 steps leading to, 214 foreign, 152 Uruguay influenced by, 76 growth of, 151 Battle of Ayacucho, 59 markets, fickleness of, 163 Bauer, Arnold, 24 Mexican, 272 labor shortages and, 279 spread, external, 78–79 Bautista Alberdi, Juan, aphorism of, 277 yields, 70 Beatty, Edward, 284 boom/bust cycles, 95 export growth, industrialization, and, 287 boundary disputes, 196 behavior Bourbon policy, Spain’s, 189 cooperative, self-enforcing, 171 Brady Plan, 145–146, 163 sustained/equilibrium, 170 Brazil belle ´epoque African slaves in, 26, 77 Argentina’s, 204, 547 agreement of 1934, 120–121 foreign capital’s influence on, 423 agricultural expansion in, 357, 493, 511 growth during, 13 Bank of, founding of, 211 inequality during, 49, 53 civil code of, 191 tariffs during, 34–46 coffee production/exports from, 202, 290 Bello, Andres, 434 commodity price maker, 106 Royal Academy of the Language and, 436 Council of State of, 202 Universidad de Chile and, 436 DFI and, 158 Berry, Wendell, 530 Encilhamento of, 77 Bertola, Luis, 288 exchange controls established by, 227 Bertram, Geoffrey, 262 export share of, 159 Bessemer process, railroads and, 303 failures of, 158 Big 3 (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico) fiscal export incentives and, 129 default crisis, 95 foreign reserves of, 107 international bank lending to, 93–95 forest losses of, 355 bilingual education, 473 Funding Loan of, 78 biotechnology, Argentina’s leadership in, 518 GATT joined by, 123 birth rates GDP of, 130 economic growth and, 422 gold standard and, 77, 210, 217, 260 education and, 422 immigration policy of, 398, 400–401, 406, 425 immigration and, 422 import duties in, 30 urbanization and, 422 industrial capacity in, 110 Black Friday, Wall Street’s, 562 industrial development in, 543–545 black market industrial machinery imports of, 554–555 premiums, 87 industrial tariffs of, 550 rates v. official rates, 87 metal-working/machinery industry of, 566 Blainey, Geoffrey, 14 National Development Plan of, 241 blockade, economic, Great Britain’s, 117 Niemeyer’s report on, 107 Bol´ıvar, Simon,´ 434 obstacles in, 158 Bolivia Ouro Preto monetary/banking reform of, 214 educational responsibility of, 434 Plan de Metas of, 230 land reform of, 499–500 population growth of, 279 Liga Nacional del Magisterio of, 447 port access of, 324 minifundistas of, 529 pre-rail transport system of, 300 National Bank, founding of, 218 railroad construction/expansion in, 309–310, Ordenanzas of Bilbao reinstatement, 311, 318 192 recession of, 77 Peru’s confederation with, 190 republican regime established in, 211 silver devalued in, 215 river systems of, 299 targeting of poor by, 472–478 securities market of, 552 Bolivian Revolution, 443 slavery in, 26, 77 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81290-0 — The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America Edited by Victor Bulmer-Thomas , John Coatsworth , Roberto Cortes-Conde Index More Information 732 Index Brazil (cont.) postcolonial expansion of, 59 sovereign issues honored by, 299 recovery of, 78 sugar in, 511 capitalism, 141 SUMOC and, 235 capitalists, Stolper-Samuelson theorem and, trade reductions in, 112 43–45 transport subsidies of, 400–401, 406 Cardosa, Fernando Aenrique, 20 Volta Redonda steel works of, 565 Caribbean Free Trade Area water plants of, 231 (CARIFTA/CARICOM), 124, 160 Bretton Woods conference relaunching of, 150 collapse, 93 Carranza, Venustiano, 219 IMF and, 137 Carteira de Redescuento (CARED), 235, 243 ITO and, 137 Castelo Branco, Humberto, administration of, system, 87 243 World Bank and, 137 Castro, Fidel, sugar and, 514 burning Catholic universities, public v., 467 reducing regeneration through, 361 cattle ranching savanna influenced by, 361 Argentina/Uruguay’s pampas region and, 349, 514–518 cacao, 503 breeders, 350 Caixa de Estabilizac¸ao˜ (CE), Currency Board fatteners, 350 and, 223 Mexico’s, 350 Caixa de Mobilizac¸ao˜ Bancaria (CAMOB), requirements for, 516 235 savannas and, 359–361 California, 201 Southern Cone, 349–351 Camdessus, Michel, 146 uprisings from, 351 CAMOB. SeeCaixa de Mobilizac¸ao˜ Bancaria Cattleman’s Association (Sociedad Rural Campos, Roberto, 236 Argentina), 350 Central Bank designed by, 243 CE. SeeCaixa de Estabilizac¸ao˜ Canada,
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