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Home , Arteriole, Capillary, Elastic artery, Lumen (anatomy), Lymph, Lymphatic vessel

Medical School Basics and Vessels VIBS 243 lab Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms ------1. Distribute , nutrients, and

2. Collect waste

3. Transport waste to excretory organs Multicellular Organism Needs met by cardiovascular system ------Distribute, Collection, and Transport are the functions of the Cardiovascular system CARDIOVASCULAR Today we want to examine: SYSTEM

How does variation in histological characteristics of different vessels facilitates their contributions to these functions? How does variation in histological characteristics of lymph vessels facilitates their contributions to these functions? CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Body

HEART PRODUCES BLOOD Ref code PRESSURE () # 10,16,19 Pressure seen along the arterial pathway from a single beat

Pulse seen as sudden change in pressure and Two sets of closed vessels velocity is seen only in connected only at the heart the arterial pathway = no in and venous pathway but steady flow

Velocity seen along the arterial pathway from a single heart beat Ref code CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM # 10,16,19 HEART contraction produces during systole but contraction in the walls of other blood vessels reduces blood flow by reducing the caliber of the vessel Variation in walls of blood vessels accommodates mechanical factors and metabolic needs

Vessels vary in size, wall thickness, and shape and size of lumen to facilitate their functions Ref code CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM # 10,16, ELASTIC - CONDUCT BLOOD AND MAINTAIN PRESSURE DURING DIASTOLE CARDIOVASCULAR Ref code SYSTEM # 6,19

MUSCULAR ARTERIES - DISTRIBUTE BLOOD, MAINTAIN PRESSURE - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE AND DISTRIBUTE BLOOD CAPILLARIES - EXCHANGE NUTRIENTS AND WASTE - COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES () Ref code # 9 Ref code LAYERS IN VASCULAR # 6 WALL

LAYER COMPOSITION (SUBENDOTHELIA CT. )

TUNICA MEDIA SMOOTH MUSCLE (ELASTIC LAMELLAE, EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA)

TUNICA CONNECTIVE (LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE, ) MUSCULAR Ref code # 9

34460

Large Note flattened endothelial cells viewed on their side and on face (flat side of pancake) in arterioles in the iris (left side near the trabecular meshwork of the monkey eye Slide 34412 Slide 34412 Iris of Anterior monkey chamber eye

Fattened endothelial cells

On-face view

Dilator muscle • Slides 226, note that the endocardium

Myocardium

Layer of endothelium resting on a thin layer of and covers the entire inner Myocardium surface of the Endothelium myocardium.

Edocardium Connective tissue

Epicardium

226

Myocardium

225 Fat Slide HISTO023 Heart muscle Purkinje Fibers

Myocardium Slide HISTO024

Myocardium

Endocardium

Myocardium

Heart valves

Connective tissue Slide HISTO024 Connective tissue Myocardium

Endothelium Endocardium

Heart valve

Connective tissue

Endothelium Slide 427 large

TUNICA ADVENTITIA

TUNICA INTIMA

Elastic laminae interspersed with smooth muscle cells

Vasa vasorum TUNICA ADVENTITIA

TUNICA ADVENTITIA TUNICA MEDIA Slide 427 Aorta

TUNICA INTIMA

Smooth muscle cells

TUNICA MEDIA Elastic laminae 432 elastic artery Elastic laminae

TUNICA ADVENTITIA

Fibroblasts TUNICA INTIMA

TUNICA MEDIA

Smooth muscle cells

Vasa vasorum Endothelium 225 Heart Vasa vasorum

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium 34459 Muscular arteries in UT 196B1 Human

Large vein

Muscular arteries Thick muscular tunica media

Wrinkled lumen

Elastic membranes 472

Elastic membranes

Small vein Wrinkled lumen Muscular artery

tunica media: 472 Fallopian tube muscular arteries Elastic membranes

Muscular arteries

Tunica media tunica intima

Tunica adventitia

Wrinkled lumen 126 Bile duct with portal vein, monkey

Hepatic portal vein

Tunica intima

Tunica media

tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers 126 Bile duct with portal vein, monkey

tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers

Common bile duct

Tunica media

Common bile duct

Hepatic Endothelium Hepatic portal vein portal vein 126 Bile duct with portal vein, monkey

Common bile duct Tunica media tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers

Hepatic portal vein

Endothelium 225 Heart myocardium

Smooth muscle cells of an arteriole

Autoregulation occurs by relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the walls of arterioles if local O2 levels are too low; thereby, increasing their caliber that increases local blood flow rate and increases O2 levels in that locale. 126 Bile duct with portal vein, monkey

Arterioles

Muscular artery

Medium vein

Fat cells

Capillary Venules

Muscular artery 472 Fallopian tube Arterioles

Small vein

Small artery

Capillary Venules

Muscular artery EM 9 of arteriole: 1. Endothelial cell 2. Internal elastic membrane 3. Smooth muscle cell Ref code # 9

basal lamina

muscle/brain /adrenal Ref code # 19

CONTINUOUS

FENESTRATED

SINUSOIDAL TYPES OF CAPILLARIES & BASAL LAMINA CHARACTERISTICS

CAPILLARIES BASAL LAMINA EXAMPLES OF LOCATIONS

CONTINUOUS COMPLETE MUSCLE, TESTIS, BRAIN,

FENESTRATED COMPLETE , ADRENAL

DISCONTINUOUS INCOMPLETE OR LIVER, , OR SINUSOIDAL LACKING MARROW

MUSCLE GLOMERULUS LIVER 186 Adrenal - and medulla

FENESTRATED Capillaries these are sinusoid blood vessels 155 Gall bladder & liver, monkey

SINUSOIDAL capillaries 420

SINUSOIDAL capillaries in bone marrow 420 Bone marrow

SINUSOIDAL capillaries EM 10a: in vessel wall; 20,000x 1. Lumen 2. Endothelial cell 3. EM 17 of capillary in the lamina propria of the intestine 1. Smooth muscle cell 2. Capillary 3. Endothelial cell EM 10b 136 Continuous capillaries in

CONTINUOUS capillaries in muscle Histo 052 Tongue Continuous capillaries in skeletal muscle 32409 Small intestinal villi in the rat

Lymphatic capillaries 126 Bile duct with portal vein, monkey

Lymphatic capillary

Lymphatic vessels identified by their Muscular lymph in the lumen artery of each

Valves The lumen of blood vessels was cleared by vascular with valves with fixative Ref code LYMPH VESSELS # 12 FUNCTIONS RETURN PROTEIN, FLUID, AND BLOOD CELLS TRANSPORT (HORMONES, ANTIBODIES) TRANSPORT FAT (NEUTRAL FAT) 128 Thoracic duct tunica media

Vasa vasorum of the tunica adventitia

Circular and oblique smooth muscle bundles separated by connective tissue in the tunica media (the thickest layer)

Smooth muscle UT196 valves in large vein of spermatic cord

Valves

Valve = connective tissue core draped with endothelium 196 UT196 valve in lymphatic vessel in spermatic cord

Vein Lymphatic vessels

Valves in vessels

Artery In summary Ref code # 12,19

Blood pressure generated

Exchange in capillaries

Fluid return via lymph

Vessels adapted for mechanical and metabolic needs Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources!

1. Alberts, et al., 1989. Molecular of the Cell. 2nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-8240-3695-6. 2. Alberts, et al., 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-8153-1619-4. 3. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D.W., 1968. A Textbook of Histology. 9th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress #67-17445. 4. Elias, H. et al., 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. A Wiley Medical Publication. John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0-471- 04929-8. 5. Eroschenko, V. 2000. Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 9th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia. ISBN 0- 7817-2676-X. 6. Fawcett, D.W., 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 11th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-7216- 1729-8. 7. Fawcett, D.W., 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 12th Edition. Chapman and Hall. New York. ISBN 0-412-04691-1. 8. Guyton, A.C. 1971. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress # 74- 118589. 9. Ham, A.W. 1974. Histology. 7th Edition. J.B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-397-52062-X. 10. Ham, A.W. and Cormack, D.H. 1979. Histology. 8th Edition. J.B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-397-52089-1. 11. Junqueria, et al., 1995. Basic Histology. 8th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Norwalk, Connecticut. ISBN 08385-0567-8. 12. Junqueira, et al., 1998. Basic Histology. 9th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Stamford, Connecticut. ISBN 0-8385-0590-2. 13. Knobil, E. et al. 1988. The Physiology of Reproduction. Volume 1. Raven Press. New York. ISBN 0-88167-281-5. 14. Langley, et al., 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0-07-036274-2. 15. Mescher, A.L., 2010. Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 12th Edition. McGraw Hill Medical. New York. ISBN 978-0-07-160431- 4. 16. Tuttle, W.W. and Schottelius, B.A. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. 16th Edition. The C.V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Library of Congress # 75- 89848. 17. Varner, D. et al. 1991. Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions. American Veterinary Publications. Goleta, California. ISBN 0- 939674-33-5. 18. Von Hagens, Gunther and A.Whalley, 2007. Body Worlds – The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies. ISBN 978-3-937256-04-7 19. Weiss, L. 1983. Histology: Cell and Tissue Biology. 5th Edition. Elsevier Biomedical. New York. ISBN 0-444-00716-4. 20. Weiss, L. and Greep, R. 1977. Histology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0-07-069091-X. Questions on blood vessels

1. Which of the following structure – function about the cardiovascular system do not match? a. Heart- produce blood pressure (diastole) b. Elastic arteries- conduct blood and maintain pressure during systole c. Muscular arteries- peripheral resistance d. a and b e. a, b, and c

2. Which type of capillary - location do not match: a. continuous - muscle b. fenestrated - glomerulus c. continuous – bone marrow d. a and b e. a, b, and c Fossils in wall of Santa Elena Canyon – Big Bend National Park The end of