DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Geography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Geography POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY GEOG 3420 -001 Instructor: Val John Halford Contact: E-mail: [email protected] or Work Phone: (801) 363-4230, ext. 1108 (24-hour voice messaging) Location: Building 73 (Former Law College Building) Room 107 Day And Time: Monday, 4:35 PM to 7:35 PM “BOUNDARY, n: In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of the other.” Ambrose Bierce Course Overview: Political geography is a subdivision of human geography and is generally concerned with the relationship between different regions and countries and their political systems. This discipline extends the scope of traditional political science by incorporating elements of social, cultural, and economic geography. In particular, political geography examines how and why modern states are formally organized, their historic connection with each other, the dynamic relationship between a government and its people, international policies, trade, and treaties, political power on a global scale, and the study of election results. Class Expectations: Students enrolled in this course are expected to spend a substantial amount of time outside of the classroom in order to successfully complete the assigned readings, a term research paper and classroom presentation, and in preparation for four examinations. Your most important learning experience will take place when you seek relevant information on your own while applying pertinent material discussed or reviewed in class. To be successful in this course of study, please read the assigned chapter(s) in the textbook and become familiar with the concepts presented. During class, please ask questions concerning any area of confusion or terms which need clarification. You are expected to prepare for class in advance by: (1) reading the chapter(s) assigned in the textbook, along with a number of supplemental readings that will be provided during the course; and (2) come to class willing to participate in discussions. A written summary of the weekly supplement readings is required and tracked for grading purposes. Each class lecture will focus on specific chapter(s) in the textbook, along with overviews of specific countries to illustrate various concepts important to political geography. The lectures and presentations are designed to help explain and enrich the reading material. Regular class attendance is strongly encouraged. I do not take attendance, but please keep in mind that this course moves at a fast pace and missing a single session will put you an entire week behind. As I do not have an on-campus office, nor maintain regular visiting hours, I encourage you to call me with any questions that you might have or remain after class for personal consultation or assistance. The study of political geography invites examination and discussion of potentially charged subject matters and classroom discussions can become emotional as differing viewpoints are expressed. Differences of opinion and strong disagreements may result. Please respect the rights of other students to expressive their views and feelings. Help keep discussions civil and courteous by refraining from any attempts to personalize your argument. I will make every attempt to treat those subject matters that are considered controversial with the sensitivity they deserve. However, at any time during the course if you feel I have misrepresented a particular topic or viewpoint, please extend the courtesy of bringing the matter to my attention either before or after class. I invite you to openly express your concerns and welcome the opportunity to discuss any issue you wish. Page 1 Course Goals And Objectives: The overriding course goal is to provide you with the opportunity to expand your awareness, understanding, and appreciation of our multifaceted world - its global political divisions, organization, and systems. This course will attempt to integrate a classroom learning experience with your ability to develop, analyze, and present original work based upon assigned readings, class discussions, individual research, and critical thinking. Upon completion of your studies in Political Geography 3420, you should be able to: Explain the principles, elements, and concepts of political geography. • Value the historic role that politics have played in the division of the world into governed territories. • Understand the various historic concepts and theories concerning states and nations. • Identify the various geopolitical factors that influence our social, economic, and environmental quality. • Distinguish national voting patterns and how such reveal national political trends and culture. • Be aware of and appreciate potential “flash points” or world regions where future conflicts might take place. • Know the political implications caused by different world religions, languages, races, and ethnic diversities. • Analyze the impacts of increased globalization and international trade on different regions. • Recognize the importance of international relations within the context of an ever changing world situation. • Comprehend the general nature of modern warfare and its marked shift toward smaller, more intense conflicts. Required Text: The majority of the assigned reading for the course will be found in Political Geography (Third Edition) , by Martin Glassner and Chuck Fahrer. This textbook, which is available at the University Book Store or online, is divided into nine sections: (1) Introduction to Political Geography; (2) The State; (3) Political Geography With The State; (4) Imperialism, Colonialism, and Decolonization; (5) Geopolitics; (6) Contemporary International Relations; (7) Our Last Frontiers; (8) The Political Geography of Everyday Life; and (9) Looking Ahead. Periodic handouts will be provided during the semester to augment specific topics found in the textbook. These handouts are required readings and the course examinations will test on their content. Research Paper and Presentation: Students are required to select, research, and write on a modern-day or historic event that has geopolitical implications or controversy, such as a cultural, economic, political, geographic, ethnic, or religious conflict that is currently taking place in a particular region or country. Your paper should identify or propose a plausible solution to the problem. Research papers are due on April 2nd . In addition to a written paper, each student is also required to prepare and deliver an 8-minute oral presentation during scheduled class time that highlights his or her selected research paper topic. Your classroom presentation is due on April 23rd . The required length for the course research paper is 8-10 pages, type-written, double spaced, 11 point font size, with 1-inch margins. Make sure to include proper footnotes and cite all sources used. Feel free to insert any relevant maps, charts, graphs, and figures into your text, however, including such graphic material does not count toward the required length. I will provide to those who need such a list of suggested topics that you may wish to select from. Oral classroom presentations are to be prepared in MS PowerPoint, or similar program, and should be no longer than 8-minutes in length. This time limit will be strictly enforced. Your presentation should be e-mailed to my address no Page 2 later than the date highlighted above. Student names will be drawn randomly on the evenings of April 23 rd and April 30 th to determine the order of the presentations, so come prepared. I would encourage you to discuss with me possible research paper topics. I am also available and wiling to review research paper and presentations outlines. Your research paper is worth 140 points toward your final grade and your 8-minute classroom presentation is worth 60 points. The 200 possible point total represents 50% of your final grade. Late work will be accepted but penalized in accordance with the length of time beyond the deadline. Examinations: Course examinations, each consisting of a total of 50 questions worth 1 point each, will cover only that textbook material and readings found in the chapters listed next to each of the sections below. For example, the “First Section” examination will test your knowledge and comprehension of Chapters 1 through 11 only. In addition to testing your understanding of assigned textbook readings, exam questions will also be drawn from other assigned readings, handouts, and the lectures. An in-class review session prior to each exam will provide you with an oral study guide. First Section Chapters 1 through 11 February 26 Second Section Chapters 12 through 19 March 26 Third Section Chapters 20 through 30 April 9 Fourth Section Chapters 31 through 39 April 30 If you cannot attend class on any date examinations are scheduled, (See “Course Calendar” on Page 5), it is your responsibility to inform me of such well in advance so other arrangements can be made. Failure to do so may forfeit your opportunity to take a make-up examination . There will be no extra credit work. The combination of the four non-comprehensive examinations, worth 50 points each, or 200 points total, equates to 50% of your final grade. Course Material And Handouts: Class attendance is important, not only for the educational enrichment of yourself and your fellow students, but for the overall success of the course. Printed copies of each MS PowerPoint slide presentation covering the evening’s lecture will be provided at the beginning of each class to those in attendance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Severe Rainstorms in the Vidarbha Subdivision of Maharashtra State, India
    CLIMATE RESEARCH l Vol. 6: 275-281, 1996 Published June 13 Clim Res NOTE Severe rainstorms in the Vidarbha subdivision of Maharashtra State, India B. D. Kulkarni *, S. Nandargi Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008. India ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the results of Depth-Area- the design engineers and hydrologists of this region Duration (DAD) analysis of the 8 most severe rainstorms that for estimating probable maximum flood (PMF) values, affected the Vidarbha subdiv~sion of Maharashtra State, which are required for the design of dam spillway Ind~a,dur~ng the 100 yr period from 1891 to 1990. It was found from this analvsis that rainstorms In June 1908. Julv 1930 and capacities as as verifying and checking the August 1912 yielded greater ramdepths for smaller areas, i.e. spillway capacities of existing dams and reservoirs and 11000 km2 and S25000 km2, and that the August 1986 rain- for takinq remedia] measures where necessary. storm yielded greater raindepths for all the larger areas, for 2. Rainfall climatology of Vidarbha. Areawise, Vi- measurement penods of 1 to 3 days The DAD raindepths of these severe rainstorms for different durat~onswill be useful darbha (about 97537 km2) is the second largest sub- for the desian- storm estimates of different water resources division of Maharashtra State. The rainfall characteris- projects in the Vidarbha region, as well as for checking the tics of this subdivision are governed to a large extent sp~llwaycapacity of existing dams. by its location in the central part of the country. The southwest or summer monsoon rainfall sets in over the KEY WORDS: Rainstorm .
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Audit Division Subdivision Approval Process
    Legislative Audit Division State of Montana Report to the Legislature June 2000 Performance Audit Subdivision Approval Process Department of Environmental Quality This performance audit contains recommendations for improving the subdivision approval process. Recommendations include: < Eliminating DEQ’s review in the Sanitation Act. < Redirecting DEQ’s role toward technical assistance. < Ensuring local funding support and fee-setting authority. < Clarifying sanitation review time frames. Direct comments/inquiries to: Legislative Audit Division Room 135, State Capitol PO Box 201705 00P-01 Helena MT 59620-1705 Help eliminate fraud, waste, and abuse in state government. Call the Fraud Hotline at 1-800-222-4446 statewide or 444-4446 in Helena. PERFORMANCE AUDITS Performance audits conducted by the Legislative Audit Division are designed to assess state government operations. From the audit work, a determination is made as to whether agencies and programs are accomplishing their purposes, and whether they can do so with greater efficiency and economy. In performing the audit work, the audit staff uses audit standards set forth by the United States General Accounting Office. Members of the performance audit staff hold degrees in disciplines appropriate to the audit process. Areas of expertise include business and public administration, statistics, economics, computer science, and engineering. Performance audits are performed at the request of the Legislative Audit Committee which is a bicameral and bipartisan standing committee of the Montana Legislature. The committee consists of six members of the Senate and six members of the House of Representatives. MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE AUDIT COMMITTEE Senator Linda Nelson, Vice Chair Representative Bruce Simon, Chair Senator Reiny Jabs Representative Beverly Barnhart Senator Ken Miller Representative Mary Anne Guggenheim Senator Barry “Spook” Stang Representative Dick Haines Senator Mike Taylor Representative Robert Pavlovich Senator Jon Tester Representative Steve Vick LEGISLATIVE AUDIT DIVISION Scott A.
    [Show full text]
  • Subdivision Regulations
    Harford County, Maryland SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS Chapter 268 of the Harford County Code, as amended Effective December 22, 2008 Amended thru May 23, 2011 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ZONING Harford County, Maryland SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS AMENDMENT INFORMATION: Bill Number effective date 09-32 1/22/10 11-06 5/23/11 Subdivision Regulations for Harford County, Maryland ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLE III. Requirements For The Development of Land § 268-9. General. A. No part of any planned subdivision of land that will be served by a community or multi-use sewerage system, as defined by the State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, will be finally approved by the County if the total planned subdivision will generate 5,000 gallons of average daily sewage flow, unless that part of the subdivision to be recorded and its respective sewerage system is in, at least, an “immediate priority” sewer service area in the Harford County Master Plan for Water and Sewer. A determination of the amount of average daily sewage flow by the Harford County Department of Public Works shall be final as to the developer for the purposes of this section. Water and sewer facilities are highly dependent on the topography to provide effective and efficient utility services. If required, by the Director of Public Works, drainage and utility easements shall be provided between lots wider than the minimum side yard widths allowed by the Harford County Zoning Code, as amended. This requirement may necessitate wider lots at these locations. B. The subdivision layout shall conform to the Master Plan and Zoning Code of Harford County, as amended.
    [Show full text]
  • Tehsil Wise Population of the District (As Per Census 2001)
    Tehsil Wise Population of the District (As per Census 2001):- Tehsil Name Total SC ST Gen Rural Urban RaghurajNagar 660665 114400 72361 473904 380123 280542 Rampur Baghelan 233232 34665 30639 167928 215059 18173 Nagod 200254 44228 16253 139773 180793 19461 Unchehra 160016 25244 31324 103448 143352 16664 Amarpatan 188005 25989 25312 136704 171634 16371 RamNagar 133393 16593 33900 82900 133393 0 Maihar 294539 43098 58615 193126 260197 34342 Total of The District 1870104 304217 268104 1297783 1484551 385553 (Source - District Statistical Book 2008-2009, Satna) Subdivisions/Tehsils/RI Circles/Patwari Circles:- No. of RI Name of SubDivision Name of Tehsils No. of Patwari Circles Circles Raghuraj Nagar RaghurajNagar 8 111 Rampur Baghelan Rampur Baghelan 4 68 Nagod 3 57 Nagod Unchehra 3 40 AmarPatan 3 50 AmarPatan RamNagar 3 47 Maihar Maihar 4 65 Total 28 438 (Source - District Statistical Book 2008-2009, Satna) Demography (Census 2001):- S.No. Particulars Unit India M.P. Satna 1 Population Density Per Sq.Km. 324 196 249 2 Decade Growth rate % 21.34 24.34 27.52 3 Sex Ratio Per 1000 Male 933 920 926 4 SC to total population % 16.48 14.54 16.26 5 ST to total population % 8.08 23.27 14.23 6 Rural population % 73 74.7 79.28 (Source - District Statistical Book 2002-2003, Satna) Literacy 2001:- S.No. Particulars Unit India M.P. Satna 1 Total % 65.38 64.11 65.12 2 Male % 75.85 76.8 77.82 3 Female % 54.16 50.28 49.1 4 Rural % 59.4 58.1 61.66 5 Urban % 80.3 79.67 78.30 (Source - District Statistical Book 2002-2003, Satna) Block wise details of the District:- Weekly Name of the Area in Inhabited Village Nagar Nagar Nagar S.No.
    [Show full text]
  • India Country Name India
    TOPONYMIC FACT FILE India Country name India State title in English Republic of India State title in official languages (Bhārat Gaṇarājya) (romanized in brackets) भारत गणरा煍य Name of citizen Indian Official languages Hindi, written in Devanagari script, and English1 Country name in official languages (Bhārat) (romanized in brackets) भारत Script Devanagari ISO-3166 code (alpha-2/alpha-3) IN/IND Capital New Delhi Population 1,210 million2 Introduction India occupies the greater part of South Asia. It was part of the British Empire from 1858 until 1947 when India was split along religious lines into two nations at independence: the Hindu-majority India and the Muslim-majority Pakistan. Its highly diverse population consists of thousands of ethnic groups and hundreds of languages. Northeast India comprises the states of Arunāchal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghālaya, Mizoram, Nāgāland, Sikkim and Tripura. It is connected to the rest of India through a narrow corridor of the state of West Bengal. It shares borders with the countries of Nepal, China, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh. The mostly hilly and mountainous region is home to many hill tribes, with their own distinct languages and culture. Geographical names policy PCGN policy for India is to use the Roman-script geographical names found on official India-produced sources. Official maps are produced by the Survey of India primarily in Hindi and English (versions are also made in Odiya for Odisha state, Tamil for Tamil Nādu state and there is a Sanskrit version of the political map of the whole of India). The Survey of India is also responsible for the standardization of geographical names in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 - Subdivision Regulations
    CHAPTER 13 - SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 13.01 Title ………………………………………………………………………….. 2 13.02 Purpose…………………………………………………………………........ 2 13.03 Definitions……………………………………………………………………. 2 13.04 Administration……………………………………………………………….. 11 13.05 Requirement to Conform…………………………………………………... 12 13.06 Premature Subdivision…………………………………………………...... 12 13.07 Denial of Plat……………………………………………………………...... 15 13.08 Sketch Plan…………………………………………………………………. 16 13.09 Preliminary Plat…………………………………………………………….. 20 13.10 Land Survey………………………………………………………………… 31 13.11 Final Plat…………………………………………………………………….. 31 13.12 Administrative Subdivision………………………………………………… 37 13.13 Design Standards for Land Subdivision………………………………….. 39 13.14 Property Dedication……………………………………………………....... 50 13.15 Tree Preservation…………………………………………………………... 52 13.16 Required Improvements…………………………………………………… 61 13.17 Cost of Improvements…………………………………………………....... 65 13.18 Development Agreement………………………………………………….. 66 13.19 Construction Plans…………………………………………………………. 68 13.20 Maintenance of Improvements……………………………………………. 68 13.21 Violations………………………………………………………………….... 68 13.22 Penalty……………………………………………………………………….. 69 13.23 Application to City Personnel……………………………………………… 69 13.24 Injunction…………………………………………………………………….. 69 13.25 Severability………………………………………………………………….. 70 13.26 Supremacy………………………………………………………………….. 70 La Crescent Subdivision Regulations 1 13.01 TITLE These regulations and provisions shall be known as the “Subdivision Regulations” of the City of La Crescent. 13.02 PURPOSE These
    [Show full text]
  • Article 11 Manufactured Home Subdivision District
    ARTICLE 11 MANUFACTURED HOME SUBDIVISION DISTRICT (MHS) Sections: 11-1 Intent 11-2 Permitted Uses 11-3 Conditional Uses 11-4 Intensity of Use 11-5 Height Regulations 11-6 Yard Regulations 11-7 Sign Regulations 11-8 Parking Regulations 11-9 Performance Standards SECTION 11-1 INTENT 11-101. The intent of the MHS District is to provide manufactured housing development compatible with the character of the surrounding neighborhood. For purposes of this Article the term “manufactured housing” shall not include “mobile homes,” as defined in these regulations. SECTION 11-2 PERMITTED USES 11-201. In the MHS District no building or land shall be used and no building or structures shall be hereafter altered, enlarged or erected for other than one of the uses listed below: a. Churches, synagogues and other similar places of worship. b. Single-family dwellings, including but not limited to manufactured housing. c. Public park and recreation areas, including recreation-related buildings. SECTION 11-3 CONDITIONAL USES 11-301. In the MHS District the following uses are allowed upon the issuance of a Conditional Use Permit in accordance with the provisions of Article 26. a. Any public building or land used by any department of the city, county, state or federal government. b. Telephone exchanges, electric substations, cable television, pumping stations, or other similar utilities. c. Public or private elementary and secondary schools. SECTION 11-4 INTENSITY OF USE 11-401. No manufactured housing shall be placed on a lot having less than six thousand (6,000) square feet of lot area. The maximum lot coverage by the principal building shall be fifty percent (50%).
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa City Structure Plan
    Addis Ababa City Structure Plan DRAFT FINAL SUMMARY REPORT (2017-2027) AACPPO Table of Content Part I Introduction 1-31 1.1 The Addis Ababa City Development Plan (2002-2012) in Retrospect 2 1.2 The National Urban System 1.2 .1 The State of Urbanization and Urban System 4 1.2 .2 The Proposed National Urban System 6 1.3 The New Planning Approach 1.3.1 The Planning Framework 10 1.3.2 The Planning Organization 11 1.3.3 The Legal framework 14 1.4 Governance and Finance 1.4.1 Governance 17 1.4.2 Urban Governance Options and Models 19 1.4.3 Proposal 22 1.4.4 Finance 24 Part II The Structure Plan 32-207 1. Land Use 1.1 Existing Land Use 33 1.2 The Concept 36 1.3 The Proposal 42 2. Centres 2.1 Existing Situation 50 2.2 Hierarchical Organization of Centres 55 2.3 Major Premises and Principles 57 2.4 Proposals 59 2.5 Local development Plans for centres 73 3. Transport and the Road Network 3.1 Existing Situation 79 3.2 New Paradigm for Streets and Mobility 87 3.3 Proposals 89 4. Social Services 4.1 Existing Situation 99 4.2 Major Principles 101 4.3 Proposals 102 i 5. Municipal Services 5.1 Existing Situation 105 5.2 Main Principles and Considerations 107 5.3 Proposals 107 6. Housing 6.1 Housing Demand 110 6.2 Guiding Principles, Goals and Strategies 111 6.3 Housing Typologies and Land Requirement 118 6.4 Housing Finance 120 6.5 Microeconomic Implications 121 6.6 Institutional Arrangement and Regulatory Intervention 122 6.7 Phasing 122 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution No. 2017 - 011
    Republic of the Philippines Province of Iloilo MUNICIPALITY OF MINA - - -oOo- - - Office of the Sangguniang Bayan RESOLUTION NO. 2017 - 011 RESOLUTION APPROVING THE APPLICATION FOR SIMPLE SUBDIVISION OF MRS. RITA G. ITURIAGA OF BRGY. BANGAC, MINA, ILOILO WHEREAS, Mrs. Rita G. Ituriaga submitted to this August Body her application for simple subdivision of her lot with OCT/TCT No. T-10828 located at Barangay Bangac, Mina, Iloilo, for review and approval; WHEREAS, the total area involved in this case is 28,333 square meters but the area applied for approval is 3834 square meters; WHEREAS, the said application had been scrutinized by the Municipal Planning & Development Coordinator with the Municipal Zoning Coordinator and upon completion with the requirements endorsed it to the office of the Sangguniang Bayan for approval; WHEREAS, this subject lot has been inspected by the inspection team with the presence of the registered owner and the same was found to be in order as it complied the requirements provide under BP 220 and PD 957; WHEREAS, in the event that the said property owners will resort to another sublots, the same shall fall into a complex subdivision pursuant to PD 957 and BP 220. WHEREAS, this Honorable Body hereby recommend the approval of the application for simple subdivision but does not exempt the applicant from pertinent requirements of other government agencies and license to sell from the HLURB Office. NOW, THEREFORE: BE IT RESOLVED by the Sangguniang Bayan of Mina, Province of Iloilo to pass a RESOLUTION APPROVING THE APPLICATION FOR SIMPLE SUBDIVISION OF MRS. RITA G.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1
    Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1 1 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1 Whether you are training someone, doing copy cataloging, correcting bibliographic descriptions, doing a performance evaluation, or checking your own work, you will need to determine whether a heading string – what we have typically called a [heading]— [subdivision] combination in this training – is correctly put together. You will need to determine whether the main heading is in fact valid – that is, that it is established in LCSH or the NAF, or is one of the limited number of main headings that can be created on a free-floating basis. 2 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1 You will need to determine whether the topical and form subdivisions assigned can be used with a particular heading, and with the other subdivisions that were assigned. You will also need to determine whether they are assigned in the correct order. 3 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1 You will need to determine whether the heading can in fact be subdivided chronologically, whether the proper chronological subdivision has been assigned, and whether the subdivision is located in the proper place in the heading. 4 Library of Congress Subject Headings: Module 7.1 You will need to determine whether a geographic subdivision can in fact be used, whether the subdivision itself is formulated correctly, and whether its placement is correct. In order to do all of this, you will need to break a subdivided heading into its component parts, check them against LCSH and the instructions in the SHM, and determine whether to put them back together again, and how to fix them, if not.
    [Show full text]
  • Erstwhile Enclaves in India
    i Erstwhile enclaves in India: A post-LBA analysis Written by: Prachi Lohia Reviewed and Edited by: Anjuman Ara Begum and Marte Hellema, FORUM ASIA First Edition: 10 December 2019 Published by FORUM-ASIA Kathmandu Office c/o INSEC, Syuchatar, Kalanki Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.forum-asia.org /FORUMASIA /Forum_Asia /ForumAsiaVideo Phone: +977 1 5218770 Fax: +977 1 5218251 Copyleft © Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA) 2019: This report is written for the benefit of human rights defenders and civil society organisations, and may be quoted from and copied so long as the source and authors are acknowledged. In association with: Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (MASUM) Balaji Palace (Fourth floor), 40/A Barabagan Lane Shibtala, Serampore, Hooghly, Pin-712203 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.masum.org.in Phone: +91-33-26220843 Cover Photo: Abhijit Sengupta Cover Design: Sujoy Singh Roy Printed at: "A Four 'S' Art", 64 Mullickpara, Serampore, Hooghly - 712203 ii Erstwhile enclaves in India: A post-LBA analysis Written by Prachi Lohia iii Acknowledgements Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (MASUM) has been working for the cause of erstwhile enclave dwellers since 2013, before the Land Boundary Agreement was implemented. We firmly believe that the narrative of the lives in the enclaves is one of disenfranchisement and injustice, but also of ground breaking resilience. We are grateful to the people of the enclaves for speaking to us about their struggles and their sincere cooperation. The publication of this report has been facilitated by the Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA).
    [Show full text]
  • Territorial Disputes at the International Court of Justice
    SUMNER FINISHED.DOC 2/9/2005 11:06 AM TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AT THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE BRIAN TAYLOR SUMNER INTRODUCTION In international law and relations, ownership of territory is significant because sovereignty over land defines what constitutes a state.1 Additionally, as Machiavelli suggested, territorial acquisition is one of the goals of most states.2 The benefits of having territory, though, are only as great as a state’s borders are clear, because a state’s boundaries must be well defined for the modern state to function.3 In many cases, however, these boundaries are subject to competing international territorial claims.4 Such claims can be generally divided into nine categories: treaties, geography, economy, culture, effective control, history, uti possidetis,5 elitism, and ideology.6 States have relied on all nine categories to justify legal claims to territory before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The most Copyright © 2004 by Brian Taylor Sumner. 1. See PAUL GILBERT, THE PHILOSOPHY OF NATIONALISM 91 (1998) (“To claim a right to statehood is to claim a right to some territory over which the state can exercise political control.”); John Agnew, The Territorial Trap: The Geographical Assumptions of International Relations Theory, 1 REV. INT’L POL. ECON. 53, 53 (1994) (asserting that “the clear spatial demaraction of the territory within which the state exercises its power” is one aspect of political theory definitions of the state). 2. See NICOLÒ MACHIAVELLI, THE PRINCE 25 (W.K. Marriott ed., J.M. Dent & Sons 1938) (1513) (“The wish to acquire is in truth very natural and common .
    [Show full text]