DOCSLIB.ORG

Susceptibility to Sphaerothecum Destruens

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Susceptibility to Sphaerothecum Destruens Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range. Dimitra Andreou Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University May 2010 UMI Number: U585B65 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U585365 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 To my family and kindred spirit Miss Aria Johnson. DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed Date ... 13-05-2010... STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree o f PhD. ^Jff&nzoOL Signed Date ... 13-05-2010... STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. ^Jlllc/reou- Signed Date ... 13-05-2010... STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed Date ... 13-05-2010... Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr Rudy Gozlan (Bournemouth University), Dr Sian Griffiths (Cardiff University), Dr Mark Hussey (CEH Oxford) and Dr David Stone (Cefas, Weymouth) for their help and support. A big thank you goes to Dr Kristen Arkush (Bodega Marine Laboratory) for her help, support and stimulating conversations on Sphaerothecum destruens. Also, thank you to Holly Mendonca (Bodega Marine Laboratory)for help with S. destruens PCR. Also the following: From the Cefas Laboratory in Weymouth: Dr Stephen Feist for his help, support and for introducing me to the world o f fish histopathology! Dr Richard Paley for all his help with experimental design, cell culture and support. Dr Stephen Irving for opening the doors to the Cefas laboratory and always making me feel welcome. Mathew Green and the rest o f the histology team for all their invaluable help with histology samples. Dr Alan Reese with help on statistical analysis. All the members of the virology team for welcoming me in their lab and everybody at Cefas for always being friendly and available to talk about fish parasites! From CEH Dorset and Oxford: Dr Susan Brown for her help and support in the first year o f my PhD. Professor Robert Possee for allowing me access to CEH Oxford and making me feel welcome in his lab. The fish group, Dr Anton Ibotson, Bill Beaumont, Luke Scott and Adrian Pinder for all their help and access to fishing equipment. Dr Kathleen Beyer with help on the field, access to data, discussions on fish biology and her help and support. All the staff at CEH Dorset and in particular Robert Haines for all his help with looking after my ponds! All the member o f the virology team and administrative staff at CEH Oxford for making me feel so welcome and making my time at Oxford such a great experience. In particular a huge thanks to Graziella Burney, Do Sturmey and Jessica Winder for their friendship and support. From Bournemouth University: Dr Duncan Golligher and Professor Ralph Clarke for help with statistics and hugely interesting conversations! Dr Robert Britton for his help. Dr Wei Jun Liang for welcoming me in his molecular lab and very interesting conversations. Dr Julien Cucherousset for his invaluable help and friendship. All the technical and administration staff for their help and support. In particular, Dr Iain Green, Damian Evans, Dr Martin Smith, Dr Rob Haslam, Rebecca Dolling, Louise Pearson, Marie Dunning and Laura Buckley. A big thank you goes to the postgraduate community and the Ecology Coffee group! From the Environment Agency: Dr Chris Williams for his help and support. Gareth Davies for his help with getting hold of very valuable fish. Thank you to the Calverton fish farm and in particular Nick Eyre for providing me with fish. I would also like to thank many friends for their support, friendship and natural ability to just cheer me up and on! Thank you - Aria Johnson, Dr Alison Poole, Jill Ashton, Marina Taouxi, Monica Tyrimou, Katerina Karpasitis, Katja Sievers, Marina Nygwist, Kae Neustadt and the rest of the 10-K run group (Rebecca Bennett and Katie iv Hess) for their support and encouragement! A special thank you goes to Dean Bumard for his love, support, encouragement, humour and reading and commenting on my work! Last but in no way least, thank you to my parents Loukia and Nikiforos and the best sister and brother in the world - Tonia and Andreas - for their constant love and support! I am grateful to my PhD examiners, Dr Ed Peeler and Dr Joanne Cable for their helpful comments. I would also like to thank Deffa for my funding and Bournemouth University for hosting me. v Abstract Sphaerothecum destruens is a multi-host parasite which can infect and cause mortality in a number of fish species including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Atlantic salmon S. salar and the sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus. It has been hypothesised that S. destruens has been introduced to the UK with its invasive hosts; L. delineatus and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. As the effects of a novel parasite to naive populations could be detrimental, this thesis aimed to better elucidate the life cycle o f S. destruens, its prevalence in wild populations and the susceptibility of cyprinid species. S. destruens was able to infect multiple organs (kidney, liver, gill, gonad and intestine) with similar histopathology between L. delineatus, a cyprinid species, and the histopathology reported for salmonid species. Its spore and zoospore life stages displayed a wide temperature tolerance and zoosporulation occurred at temperatures between 4-30 °C. A survey of one UK location detected S. destruens in a wild L. delineatus population. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed in order to quantify S. destruens’ infection levels. Reproductive L. delineatus were more susceptible to S. destruens and experienced higher S. destruens prevalence and infection levels. The presence of a second host, P. parva, had no influence on S. destruens’ prevalence and infection levels. However, presence of P. parva resulted in significantly lower somatic condition in parasitized female L. delineatus. Exposure to S. destruens through immersion in water containing S. destruens spores revealed that bream Abramis brama and carp Cyprinus carpio were susceptible to S. destruens. A. brama experienced high (53 %) mortalities when exposed to S. destruens whilst C. carpio experienced low (8 %) mortalities. The susceptibility of roach Rutilus rutilus and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus could not be excluded and needs to be further investigated. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................vi Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... vii List o f Figures ............................................................................................................................. xii List o f Tables ............................................................................................................................xviii List o f Abbreviations .................................................................................................................xxi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Rosette-like-agent ......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Sphaerothecum destruens: epidemiology, life cycle and pathology .................7 1.3 Classification history of Sphaerothecum destruens (Rhinosporideacae) .......12 1.4 Rhinosporideacae life cycles ....................................................................................13 1.5 Rhinosporideacae detection ......................................................................................20 1.6 Leucaspius delineatus and Pseudorasbora parva as Sphaerothecum destruens hosts ........................................................................................................................21 1.7 Aims and Objectives .................................................................................................24 1.8 Overview of chapters ................................................................................................24 1.8.1 Part A: Sphaerothecum destruens life cycle - intracellular and free- living stages and prevalence in the wild ....................................................................... 25 Chapter 2: First occurrence and associated pathology o
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notophthalmus Viridescens) by a New Species of Amphibiocystidium, a Genus of Fungus-Like Mesomycetozoan Parasites Not Previously Reported in North America
    203 Widespread infection of the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) by a new species of Amphibiocystidium, a genus of fungus-like mesomycetozoan parasites not previously reported in North America T. R. RAFFEL1,2*, T. BOMMARITO 3, D. S. BARRY4, S. M. WITIAK5 and L. A. SHACKELTON1 1 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 3 Cooperative Wildlife Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA 5 Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA (Received 21 March 2007; revised 17 August 2007; accepted 20 August 2007; first published online 12 October 2007) SUMMARY Given the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, the mesomycetozoans. One mesomycetozoan, Amphibiocystidium ranae, is known to infect several European amphibian species and was associated with a recent decline of frogs in Italy. Here we present the first report of an Amphibiocystidium sp. in a North American amphibian, the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and characterize it as the new species A. viridescens in the order Dermocystida based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidence. We also describe the widespread and seasonal distribution of this parasite in red-spotted newt populations and provide evidence of mortality due to infection.
    [Show full text]
  • High Prevalence of the Parasite Sphaerothecum
    Aquatic Invasions (2013) Volume 8, Issue 3: 355–360 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.3.12 Open Access © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2013 REABIC Short Communication High prevalence of the parasite Sphaerothecum destruens in the invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva in the Netherlands, a potential threat to native freshwater fish Frank Spikmans1*, Tomas van Tongeren2, Theo A. van Alen2, Gerard van der Velde3,4 and Huub J.M. Op den Camp2 1 Reptile, Amphibian & Fish Conservation the Netherlands, P.O. Box 1413, 6501 BK, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Microbiology, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3 Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, P.O. Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] (FS), [email protected] (TvT), [email protected] (TAvA), [email protected] (GvdV), [email protected] (HJMOC) *Corresponding author Received: 12 April 2013 / Accepted: 23 July 2013 / Published online: 9 August 2013 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract The prevalence of Sphaerothecum destruens, a pathogenic parasite, was studied in two wild populations of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), an invasive freshwater fish non-native to the Netherlands. Using genetic markers and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene, we showed the prevalence of this parasite to be 67 to 74%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a high similarity with known sequences of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of the Invasive Alien Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora Parva) and Its Associated Parasite Sphaerothecum Destruens on Native fish Species
    Biol Invasions (2020) 22:587–601 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02114-6 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER Impact of the invasive alien topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) and its associated parasite Sphaerothecum destruens on native fish species Frank Spikmans . Pim Lemmers . Huub J. M. op den Camp . Emiel van Haren . Florian Kappen . Anko Blaakmeer . Gerard van der Velde . Frank van Langevelde . Rob S. E. W. Leuven . Theo A. van Alen Received: 30 August 2018 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 / Published online: 12 November 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The Asian cyprinid Pseudorasbora parva is P. parva. We explored the use of environmental DNA considered to be a major threat to native fish commu- (eDNA) techniques to detect S. destruens. Prevalence of nities and listed as an invasive alien species of European S. destruens in native fish species was assessed. Fish Union concern. Our study aims to gain evidence-based samplings showed significantly negative correlations knowledge on the impact of both P. parva and its between the abundance of P. parva and the native parasite Sphaerothecum destruens on native fish popu- Leucaspius delineatus,andPungitius pungitius and lations by analysing fish assemblages and body condi- three biodiversity indices of the fish assemblages tion of individuals of native fish species in floodplain (Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon–Wiener index water bodies that were invaded and uninvaded by and evenness). Contrastingly, the abundances of the native Gasterosteus aculeatus and P. parva were positively related. In nearly all isolated water bodies Electronic supplementary material The online version of with P. parva, this species is outnumbering native fish this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02114-6) con- species.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklists of Parasites of Fishes of Salah Al-Din Province, Iraq
    Vol. 2 (2): 180-218, 2018 Checklists of Parasites of Fishes of Salah Al-Din Province, Iraq Furhan T. Mhaisen1*, Kefah N. Abdul-Ameer2 & Zeyad K. Hamdan3 1Tegnervägen 6B, 641 36 Katrineholm, Sweden 2Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq 3Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Tikrit, Iraq *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: Literature reviews of reports concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes of Salah Al-Din province, Iraq till the end of 2017 showed that a total of 115 parasite species are so far known from 25 valid fish species investigated for parasitic infections. The parasitic fauna included two myzozoans, one choanozoan, seven ciliophorans, 24 myxozoans, eight trematodes, 34 monogeneans, 12 cestodes, 11 nematodes, five acanthocephalans, two annelids and nine crustaceans. The infection with some trematodes and nematodes occurred with larval stages, while the remaining infections were either with trophozoites or adult parasites. Among the inspected fishes, Cyprinion macrostomum was infected with the highest number of parasite species (29 parasite species), followed by Carasobarbus luteus (26 species) and Arabibarbus grypus (22 species) while six fish species (Alburnus caeruleus, A. sellal, Barbus lacerta, Cyprinion kais, Hemigrammocapoeta elegans and Mastacembelus mastacembelus) were infected with only one parasite species each. The myxozoan Myxobolus oviformis was the commonest parasite species as it was reported from 10 fish species, followed by both the myxozoan M. pfeifferi and the trematode Ascocotyle coleostoma which were reported from eight fish host species each and then by both the cestode Schyzocotyle acheilognathi and the nematode Contracaecum sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Systema Naturae. the Classification of Living Organisms
    Systema Naturae. The classification of living organisms. c Alexey B. Shipunov v. 5.601 (June 26, 2007) Preface Most of researches agree that kingdom-level classification of living things needs the special rules and principles. Two approaches are possible: (a) tree- based, Hennigian approach will look for main dichotomies inside so-called “Tree of Life”; and (b) space-based, Linnaean approach will look for the key differences inside “Natural System” multidimensional “cloud”. Despite of clear advantages of tree-like approach (easy to develop rules and algorithms; trees are self-explaining), in many cases the space-based approach is still prefer- able, because it let us to summarize any kinds of taxonomically related da- ta and to compare different classifications quite easily. This approach also lead us to four-kingdom classification, but with different groups: Monera, Protista, Vegetabilia and Animalia, which represent different steps of in- creased complexity of living things, from simple prokaryotic cell to compound Nature Precedings : doi:10.1038/npre.2007.241.2 Posted 16 Aug 2007 eukaryotic cell and further to tissue/organ cell systems. The classification Only recent taxa. Viruses are not included. Abbreviations: incertae sedis (i.s.); pro parte (p.p.); sensu lato (s.l.); sedis mutabilis (sed.m.); sedis possi- bilis (sed.poss.); sensu stricto (s.str.); status mutabilis (stat.m.); quotes for “environmental” groups; asterisk for paraphyletic* taxa. 1 Regnum Monera Superphylum Archebacteria Phylum 1. Archebacteria Classis 1(1). Euryarcheota 1 2(2). Nanoarchaeota 3(3). Crenarchaeota 2 Superphylum Bacteria 3 Phylum 2. Firmicutes 4 Classis 1(4). Thermotogae sed.m. 2(5).
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomic Status of Lacazia Loboi and Rhinosporidium Seeberi Has Been Finally Resolved with the Use of Molecular Tools Leonel Mendoza1, Libero Ajello2 & John W
    Forum micológico Rev Iberoam Micol 2001; 18: 95-98 95 The taxonomic status of Lacazia loboi and Rhinosporidium seeberi has been finally resolved with the use of molecular tools Leonel Mendoza1, Libero Ajello2 & John W. Taylor3 1Medical Technology Program, Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, 2School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA, and 3Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA The etiologic agents of lobomycosis and rhinospo- fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. More than ridiosis, Lacazia loboi and Rhinosporidium seeberi res- 70 years later, however, his hypothesis was still awaiting pectively, have long been confined in a taxonomic limbo. verification. Although their invasive cells in the tissues of infected To resolve this taxonomic standoff, a team of humans and other animals are abundant and readily detec- scientists from Sri Lanka, where R. seeberi infections are table histologically, they have been intractable to isolation common, and Brazil, where lobomycosis is endemic, and and culture. Thus, it has not been possible to objectively the USA was assembled to study R. seeberi’s and place them in any of the kingdoms in which all living enti- L. loboi’s phylogenetic links with other eukaryotic orga- ties are classified. In addition to their uncultivatable sta- nisms. The strategy was to collect fresh tissue samples tus, L. loboi and R. seeberi shared in common from cases of lobomycosis and rhinosporidiosis, isolate morphological features that resemble those of certain pat- genomic DNAs and then amplify their 18S small subunit hogenic fungi and protozoans: viz. essentially similar (SSU) rDNA by using standard primers and PCR techno- inflammatory host reactions, unresponsiveness to antifun- logy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Sphaerothecum Destruens
    Introduced Pathogens and Native Freshwater Biodiversity: A Case Study of Sphaerothecum destruens Demetra Andreou1,2*, Kristen D. Arkush3, Jean-Franc¸ois Gue´gan4,5, Rodolphe E. Gozlan1 1 Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom, 2 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 3 Argonne Way, Forestville, California, United States of America, 4 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : E´cologie, Ge´ne´tique, E´volution et Controˆle, Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universities of Montpellier 1 and 2, Montpellier, France, 5 French School of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Infectious Diseases, Montpellier, France Abstract A recent threat to European fish diversity was attributed to the association between an intracellular parasite, Sphaerothecum destruens, and a healthy freshwater fish carrier, the invasive Pseudorasbora parva originating from China. The pathogen was found to be responsible for the decline and local extinction of the European endangered cyprinid Leucaspius delineatus and high mortalities in stocks of Chinook and Atlantic salmon in the USA. Here, we show that the emerging S. destruens is also a threat to a wider range of freshwater fish than originally suspected such as bream, common carp, and roach. This is a true generalist as an analysis of susceptible hosts shows that S. destruens is not limited to a phylogenetically narrow host spectrum. This disease agent is a threat to fish biodiversity as it can amplify within multiple hosts and cause high mortalities. Citation: Andreou D, Arkush KD, Gue´gan J-F, Gozlan RE (2012) Introduced Pathogens and Native Freshwater Biodiversity: A Case Study of Sphaerothecum destruens.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomy and Phylogenetics of the Human and Animal Pathogen
    Rev Iberoam Micol. 2012;29(4):185–199 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología www.elsevier.es/reviberoammicol Review The taxonomy and phylogenetics of the human and animal pathogen Rhinosporidium seeberi: A critical review a,c,d a,b,∗ Raquel Vilela , Leonel Mendoza a Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48424-1031, USA b Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48424-1031, USA c Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil d Institute Superior of Medicine (ISMD), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Rhinosporidum seeberi is the etiologic agent of rhinosporidiosis, a disease of mucous membranes and Received 15 February 2012 infrequent of the skin and other tissues of humans and animals. Because it resists culture, for more than Accepted 26 March 2012 100 years true taxonomic identity of R. seeberi has been controversial. Three hypotheses in a long list of Available online 12 April 2012 related views have been recently introduced: 1) a prokaryote cyanobacterium in the genus Microcystis is the etiologic agent of rhinosporidiosis, 2) R. seeberi is a eukaryote pathogen in the Mesomycetozoa Keywords: and 3) R. seeberi is a fungus. The reviewed literature on the electron microscopic, the histopathological Rhinosporidium seeberi and more recently the data from several molecular studies strongly support the view that R. seeberi is Rhinosporidiosis a eukaryote pathogen, but not a fungus. The suggested morphological resemblance of R. seeberi with Mesomycetozoa Plastids the genera Microcystis (bacteria), Synchytrium and Colletotrichum (fungi) by different teams is merely Phylogenetics hypothetical and lacked the scientific rigor needed to validate the proposed systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases 402/2
    ISSNO0428-9345 FAO Asia Diagnostic Guide to FISHERIES TECHNICAL Aquatic Animal Diseases PAPER 402/2 NETWORK OF AQUACULTURE CENTRES IN ASIA-PACIFIC C A A N Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations A F O F S I I A N T P A ISSNO0428-9345 FAO Asia Diagnostic Guide to FISHERIES TECHNICAL Aquatic Animal Diseases PAPER 402/2 Edited by Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso NACA, Bangkok, Thailand (E-mail: [email protected]) Sharon E. McGladdery DFO-Canada, Moncton, New Brunswick (E-mail: [email protected]) Iain East AFFA, Canberra, Australia (E-mail: [email protected]) and Rohana P. Subasinghe NETWORK OF FAO, Rome AQUACULTURE CENTRES (E-mail: [email protected]) IN ASIA-PACIFIC C A A N Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations A F O F S I I A N T P A The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pa- cific (NACA) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its fron- tiers or boundaries. ISBN 92-5-104620-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Associated Disease Risk from the Introduced Generalist Pathogen Sphaerothecum Destruens: Management and Policy Implications
    1204 Associated disease risk from the introduced generalist pathogen Sphaerothecum destruens: management and policy implications DEMETRA ANDREOU1* and RODOLPHE ELIE GOZLAN2 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK 2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR 207 IRD, CNRS 7208-MNHN-UPMC, Muséum National d’HistoireNaturelle, 45 Rue cuvier, 75005 Paris Cedex, France (Received 14 January 2016; revised 29 February 2016; accepted 2 March 2016; first published online 24 May 2016) SUMMARY The rosette agent Sphaerothecum destruens is a novel pathogen, which is currently believed to have been intro- duced into Europe along with the introduction of the invasive fish topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Its close association with P. parva and its wide host species range and associated host mortalities, highlight this parasite as a potential source of disease emergence in European fish species. Here, using a meta-analysis of the reported S. destruens prevalence across all reported susceptible hosts species; we cal- culated host-specificity providing support that S. destruens is a true generalist. We have applied all the available information on S. destruens and host-range to an established framework for risk-assessing non-native parasites to evaluate the risks posed by S. destruens and discuss the next steps to manage and prevent disease emergence of this generalist parasite. Key words: aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity threat, topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva, disease emergence, Europe. INTRODUCTION S. destruens associated with an invasive reservoir host, the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva Generalist parasites can infect a wide range of hosts (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), increased the para- with varying severities; some hosts can be infected site’s known and potential species range (Gozlan but not support the reproduction of the parasite, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter Environmental Survey Meta-Analysis Reveals Hidden
    Environmental Survey Meta-analysis Reveals Hidden Diversity among Unicellular Opisthokonts Javier del Campo1 and In˜aki Ruiz-Trillo*,1,2,3 1Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 2Departament de Gene`tica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 3Institucio´ Catalana per a la Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Associate editor: Charles Delwiche Abstract Downloaded from The Opisthokonta clade includes Metazoa, Fungi, and several unicellular lineages, such as choanoflagellates, filastereans, ichthyosporeans, and nucleariids. To date, studies of the evolutionary diversity of opisthokonts have focused exclusively on metazoans, fungi, and, very recently, choanoflagellates. Thus,verylittleisknownabout diversity among the filaster- eans, ichthyosporeans, and nucleariids. To better understand the evolutionary diversity and ecology of the opisthokonts, here we analyze published environmental data from nonfungal unicellular opisthokonts and report 18S ribosomal DNA http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ phylogenetic analyses. Our data reveal extensive diversity among all unicellular opisthokonts, except for the filastereans. We identify several clades that consist exclusively of environmental sequences, especially among ichthyosporeans and choanoflagellates. Moreover, we show that the ichthyosporeans represent a significant percentage of overall unicellular opisthokont diversity,
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Evolutionary Perspective of Opisthokonta Protists
    Phylogeny and evolutionary perspective of Opisthokonta protists Guifré Torruella i Cortés ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB.
    [Show full text]