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Seeking Justice in Cambodia Realism
Seeking Justice in Cambodia By Gregory H. Stanton When the Khmer Rouge regime took power in Cambodia in 1975, its leaders hoped to establish a utopian rural communist society without cities, private property or money. They declared a new beginning of history, Year Zero, and a new nation, Democratic Kampuchea. Although they modeled their revolution on the Soviet Union under Stalin and China under Mao Tse-Tung, they believed those regimes had not gone far enough, fast enough in killing class enemies. The Khmer Rouge also eschewed the cults of personality established by Stalin and Mao. Instead the secretive Khmer Rouge power elite named themselves the Angkar, the organization, and claimed absolute obedience from every Kampuchean. Religion and worship were abolished. Buddhist monks were disrobed and often killed. Muslim Chams and the few Christians were murdered at a rate much higher than ordinary Kampucheans. Vietnamese Cambodians were forced to flee to Vietnam until 1977, when the border was closed and the remaining Vietnamese were murdered. Minority ethnic groups were forced to live in Khmer-speaking communes, and forbidden to speak their languages and practice their customs. The Khmer Rouge systematically stripped rural communes of the rice they produced in order to trade it to China for weapons and machines. They substituted traditional herbal treatments for scientific “foreign” medicine and neither manufactured nor imported modern antibiotics. “New people” originally from the cities were declared to be class enemies and were literally worked to death. By 1977, the failures of the Kampuchean economy were blamed on enemies within the Communist party, and purges began all over the country. -
Koh Kong Villagers Trade Logging for Agriculture
R 3464 E MB U N SSUE I TUESDAY, JULY 14, 2020 Intelligent . In-depth . Independent www.phnompenhpost.com 4000 RIEL Koh Kong villagers trade PHNOM PENH SQUATTERS GET logging for agriculture PLOTS OF LAND Khorn Savi used to live in mountainous areas, He said each family in the communi- incomes and fourth, they are safe. wildlife sanctuaries and natural re- ty had been granted land concessions “In the past, residents were no- TO RELOCATE VER 200 families living in source conservation areas along the measuring 25m by 600m to convert madic rice growers. They went to Koh Kong province’s Stung Prat canal and in the Chi Phat them into village lands and planta- clear forest land to grow rice and lat- NATIONAL – page 5 Sovanna Green Village area. tions. He said the plan was to give the er cleared forests in other places. This Community who used to In 2004, they moved to live at So- villagers new job opportunities. affected natural resources, biodiver- Olog timber and hunt wild animals for vanna Green Village, which is located “This project encourages changes to sity and other wild animals,” he said. a living have now turned to agricul- in Botum Sakor district’s Kandorl the livelihoods of residents and aims Pheaktra made the comments when ture to sustain themselves. commune. The village was an agri- to provide them with steady [jobs]. he led over 20 reporters to inspect Ministry of Environment spokes- cultural development project coordi- First, the lands belong to them. Sec- man Neth Pheaktra said the families nated by the Wildlife Alliance. -
Tsunami Hazard Related to a Flank Collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on January 2, 2019 Tsunami hazard related to a flank collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Strait, Indonesia T. GIACHETTI1,3*, R. PARIS2,4,6, K. KELFOUN2,4,6 & B. ONTOWIRJO5 1Clermont Universite´, Universite´ Blaise Pascal, Geolab, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France 2Clermont Universite´, Universite´ Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France 3CNRS, UMR 6042, Geolab, F-63057 Clermont-Ferrand, France 4CNRS, UMR 6524, LMV, F-63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France 5Coastal Dynamics Research Center, BPDP-BPPT, 11th Floor, Building 2, BPPT, Jl, M. H. Thamrin no 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia 6IRD, R 163, LMV, F-63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Numerical modelling of a rapid, partial destabilization of Anak Krakatau Volcano (Indonesia) was performed in order to investigate the tsunami triggered by this event. Anak Krakatau, which is largely built on the steep NE wall of the 1883 Krakatau eruption caldera, is active on its SW side (towards the 1883 caldera), which makes the edifice quite unstable. A hypothetical 0.280 km3 flank collapse directed southwestwards would trigger an initial wave 43 m in height that would reach the islands of Sertung, Panjang and Rakata in less than 1 min, with amplitudes from 15 to 30 m. These waves would be potentially dangerous for the many small tourist boats circulating in, and around, the Krakatau Archipelago. The waves would then propagate in a radial manner from the impact region and across the Sunda Strait, at an average speed of 80–110 km h21. -
Documentation Center of Cambodia the TRANSLITERATION TABLE
Documentation Center of Cambodia THE TRANSLITERATION TABLE: SPELLING NAMES OF PERSONS AND PLACES Updated October 5, 1998 I. Consonants and Subscripts Item 1 2 3 4 5 vK®TImYy k¥ xÁ K® X« g∂ English k kh k kh ng Item 6 7 8 9 10 vK®TIBIr c© q‰ C¢ Qƒ jÿ English ch chh ch chh nh Item 11 12 13 14 15 vK®TIbI d˛ zÊ D– ZΔ N— English d th d th n Item 16 17 18 19 20 vK®TIbYn t˛ fS Tfi Fß nÒ English t th t th n Item 21 22 23 24 25 vK®TIR·M b, pˆ B< P÷ mμ English b ph p ph m Item 26 27 28 29 30 essvK® y¸ Rr l¯ vV sfl English y r l v s 31 32 33 h TL G∞ h l a 1. Use (p) instead of (b) for the final position [Siem Reap]; with a following subscript consonant [Pracheachon]; and when it has Mousektoant (") [Pol Pot]. DC-Cam: We do not understand this sentence. It should be ..; or followed by subscript consonant (r). We think you misspelled: Pracheachon. it should be Pracheachun. 2. Note the following exceptions: (v) is not used for Wat, Khieu, and Takeo. DC-Cam: We agree. 1 II. Vowels: Dependent Examples of Dependent Examples of Independent Vowels spelling with first vowels spelling with first Vowels (23) series consonants (23) series consonants (Only 13) (voiceless) (voiced) 1 Inherent a cg Chang Inherent or ng Norg G2 a vowel vowel a a ka Ka a ea Ka Kea Ga3 a i e xin Khen i i Xin Khin \ e I ei k˛I Kdei I i KIm Kim | ei w oe kwm Koem w i Gwum Im ´ o W eu cWm cheum W eu QW Chheu ´u u u o m:uk Mok u u Duc Duch ] ov 4 U au tUc Tauch U ou b(U Bou b¶ ruk 5 6 Y uo sYn Suon Y uo TYl Tuol b¨ reu e I ae esI Sae e I eu emIl Meul B¶ luk 7 8 e O oeu esOn Soeun e O oeu eDOn Doeun B¨ leu e o ie eson Sien e o ie evoc Viech … e e e efn Then e e eBjJ Penh Bß ai E e Edk Dek E e ERK Kre ´) ua È ai Èx Khai È ey ÈRB Prey ´i_ ao 1 This should be an exception for Mon (Khmer-Mon) because we commonly spell (or) not (o) alone. -
Mission Statement
Mission Statement The Center for Khmer Studies promotes research, teaching and public service in the social sciences, arts and humanities in Cambodia and the Mekong region. CKS seeks to: • Promote research and international scholarly exchange by programs that increase understanding of Cambodia and its region, •Strengthen Cambodia’s cultural and educational struc- tures, and integrate Cambodian scholars in regional and inter- national exchange, • Promote a vigorous civil society. CKS is a private American Overseas Research Center support- ed by a consortium of educational institutions, scholars and individuals. It is incorporated in the state of Delaware, USA. It receives partial support for overhead and American fellowships from the US Government. Its pro- grams are privately funded. CKS is the sole member institution of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers (CAORC) in Southeast Asia. CKS’s programs are administered from its headquarters in Siem Reap and from Phnom Penh. It maintains a small administrative office in New York and a support office in Paris, Les Three Generations of Scholars, Prof. SON Soubert (center), his teacher (left), and Board of Directors Amis du Centre Phon Kaseka (right) outside the Sre Ampil Museum d’Etudes Lois de Menil, Ph.D., President Khmeres. Anne H. Bass, Vice-President Olivier Bernier, Vice-President Center for Khmer Studies Dean Berry, Esq., Secretary and General Counsel Head Office: Gaye Fugate, Treasurer PO Box 9380 Wat Damnak, Siem Reap, Cambodia Prof. Michel Rethy Antelme, INALCO, Paris Tel: (855) 063 964 385 Prof. Kamaleswar Bhattacharya, Paris Fax: (855) 063 963 035 Robert Kessler, Denver, CO Phnom Penh Office: Emma C. -
Cambodia: Human Rights Before and After the Elections
May 1993 Vol.5 No.10 CAMBODIA: HUMAN RIGHTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ELECTIONS I. INTRODUCTION Cambodians will go to the polls on May 23 in an atmosphere of political and ethnic violence and renewed civil war. The elections are the culmination of a 17-month United Nations presence, the largest, most ambitious and most expensive peace-keeping effort ever, which was supposed to bring about an end to the conflict. Instead, Cambodia is faced with as much fighting as when the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) entered the country in March 1992, and a spiralling level of serious human rights abuses. The "neutral political environment" that was supposed to be the precondition for elections is entirely absent. The five permanent members of the Security Council and other drafters of the 1991 Paris peace accords, formally known as the Agreements on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict, are determined to go ahead with the elections regardless. But what happens on May 23 is almost less important than what happens in the days after the results are announced. Asia Watch believes that an analysis of the missteps that led to the current human rights situation is critically important to determining how, or perhaps whether, human rights of Cambodians can be protected under whatever government comes to power then. The reasons for the deterioration in the human rights situation in late 1992 and early 1993 are complex. None of the parties to the conflict has a history of respect for human rights and one, Democratic Kampuchea, better known as the Khmer Rouge, has one of the worst human rights records in modern history. -
Teaching Tales from Djakarta.Pdf (636.2Kb)
2 Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………….………… 3 Notes on Teaching Tales from Djakarta ………………………………………………… 5 Biography ………………………………………………………………………………... 8 History ………………………………………………………………………...……...… 11 Critical Lenses ……………………………………………………………………..…... 18 Social Realism ………………………………………………….……………… 18 Colonial and Postcolonial Theory.…………………………………………..….. 21 The National Allegory ……………………………………………………….… 26 Nostalgia ……………………………………………………………...….….…. 30 Study Guide …………………………………………………………………….……… 33 Bibliography & Resources ………………………………………………………..……. 43 List of Images 1. Pramoedya, 1950’s From A Teeuw, Modern Indonesian Literature. Courtesy of KITLV . Used by permission 2. Pramoedya, 1990’s From Indonesia, 1996.Courtesy of Benedict R. O’G. Anderson and Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications. Used by permission. 3. Indo-European woman and her children, presumably in Bandoeng Courtesy of KITLV. Used by permission. 4. Ketjapi player in Jakarta Courtesy of KITLV. Used by permission. 5. G.E. Raket and his girlfriend, presumably in Batavia Courtesy of KITLV. Used by permission. 6. Prostitute with child camping in and underneath old railway carriages at Koningsplein-Oost [East King's Square] in Jakarta Courtesy of KITLV. Used by permission 3 Introduction Pramoedya Ananta Toer has long been one of the most articulate voices coming from decolonized Indonesia. A prolific author, Pramoedya has written short fiction, novels, histories, and social and cultural commentary about his native land. He is frequently mentioned as a leading candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Pramoedya’s perennial candidacy for this award is almost certainly based on his epic tetralogy about the birth of Indonesian nationalism, the Buru quartet. In these novels, which tell the story of Raden Mas Minke, a native journalist and founding member of several political and social organizations in the Indies, Pramoedya draws a vivid picture of the colonial period: approximately 1900-1915. -
Changes in Spatial Planning and the Destruction of City Identity: Lasem Case During 1970-1991
IHiS (Indonesian Historical Studies), 4 (1). 62-73 © 2020 | E-ISSN: 2579-4213 Changes in Spatial Planning and the Destruction of City Identity: Lasem Case during 1970-1991 Retna Dyah Radityawati*, Endang Susilowati, Singgih Tri Sulistiyono Master Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University *Corresponding Author: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ihis.v4i1.8059 Abstract This article aims to examine the factors and driving forces for Lasem City's spatial changes during 1970-1991. The changes were attributed to the New Order Received: Government's policy regarding road infrastructure development to support the January 6, 2020 economy. In addition, there were policies during the New Order era which tended to discriminate against ethnic Chinese. These policies were carried out under the Revised: pretext of affiliation with communism among members of the Chinese June 9, 2020 community. This caused some Lasem residents to choose to abandon their Chinese Accepted: identity. Data collection for this study employed the historical method consisting June 11, 2020 of four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on research, the development agenda of the New Order era that failed to take into account the aspect of sustainability eroded the identity of the City of Lasem as a place teeming with cultural life. Keywords: Lasem; Spatial Planning; City Identity. Introduction Lasem is an important city in the history of the Nusantara civilization. The port city was a key commercial hub during the Majapahit era up to the Japanese occupation. Because of that, Lasem had a sophisticated urban spatial structure of its time (Khamzah, 1920, pp. -
Bibliography [PDF] (97.67Kb)
WORKS CITED Atlas Colonial illustré Paris: Librarie Larousse, 1905. Bal, Mieke. Double Exposures The Subject of Cultural Analysis. New York: Routledge, 1996. Benjamin, Walter. “The Task of the Translator,” Illuminations Essays and Reflections New York: Schocken Books, 1969. Benoit, Pierre. Le Roi Lépreux. Paris: Kailash Éditions, 2000. Bingham, Robert. Lightening on the Sun. New York: Doubleday, 2000. Black, Jeremy. The British Abroad the Grand Tour in the Eighteenth Century. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. Bouillevaux, C. E. Ma visite aux ruines cambodgiennes en 1850 Sanit-Quentin: Imprimerie J. Monceau, 1874. ———. Voyage Dans L'indo-Chine 1848-1856. Paris: Librarie de Victor Palmé, 1858. Carné, Louis de. Travels on the Mekong : Cambodia, Laos and Yunnan, the Political and Trade Report of the Mekong Exploration Commission (June 1866-June 1868). Bangkok: White Lotus, 2000. David Chandler, “An Anti-Vietnamese Rebellion in Early Nineteenth Century Cambodia”, Facing the Cambodian Past, Bangkok, Silkworm Books, 1996b. ———. "Assassination of Résident Bardez." In Facing the Cambodian Past: Selected Essays 1971-1994. Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 1996b. ———. "Cambodian Royal Chronicles (Rajabangsavatar), 1927-1949: Kingship and Historiography at the End of the Colonial Era." In Facing the Cambodian Past : Selected Essays 1971-1994, vi, [1], 331. Chiang Mai: Silkworn Books, 1996b. ———. A History of Cambodia. Second ed. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1996a. ———. "Seeing Red: Perceptions of Cambodian History in Democratic Kampuchea." In Facing the Cambodian Past Selected Essays 1971-1994. Chiang mai: Silkworm Books, 1996b. 216 217 ———. "Transformation in Cambodia." In Facing the Cambodian Past Selected Essays 1971-1994. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1996b. Chimprabha, Marisa. "Anti-Thai Feelings Flare up in Cambodia." The Nation, May 10 2004. -
Century Java--Cerita Nyai Dasima, the Macabre Story of an Englishman's Concubine*
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No.4, March 1991 Popular Literature and Colonial Society in Late-Nineteenth Century Java--Cerita Nyai Dasima, the Macabre Story of an Englishman's Concubine* Kenji TSUCHIYA** Bandung. Later he moved to Batavia (pres Introduction ent-day Jakarta) and became involved in editing This paper examines the short novel entitled a Malay magazine. Also, in 1891 he published in Cerita Nyai Dasima written by G. Francis Batavia a biography of Napoleon. Therefore, (1860-1915) and published by Kho Tjeng Bie & we can as least piece together that he was a Co. of Batavia in 1896. Through this work I journalist living and working in a torrid zone shall focus on the world of popular literature under Dutch colonial rule, that he was fluent in during that time within the context of urban Malay, and that he used that language to ex society, in order to investigate the relationship press a number of opinions about the conditions between literature and social order in a country of colonial society. under colonial rule. Turning to the novel itself, which is the tragic Francis wrote Cerita Nyai Dasima in every story of a Sundanese woman named Dasima, day, colloquial Malay (or Pasar-Malay), which, who becomes an Englishman's nyai, or con incidentally, developed into the "language of cubine, we can confidently state that it was a national liberation" along with the growth of the literary work born from definite "hybrid" condi nationalist movement in the early twentieth tions, given that 1) it was written in Malay by a century and then became the official language of white foreigner whose native language was not the state of Indonesia. -
Post/Colonial Discourses on the Cambodian Court Dance
Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 42, No. 4, 東南アジア研究 March 2005 42巻 4 号 Post/colonial Discourses on the Cambodian Court Dance SASAGAWA Hideo* Abstract Under the reign of King Ang Duong in the middle of nineteenth century, Cambodia was under the influence of Siamese culture. Although Cambodia was colonized by France in 1863, the royal troupe of the dance still performed Siamese repertoires. It was not until the cession of the Angkor monuments from Siam in 1907 that Angkor began to play a central role in French colonial discourse. George Groslier’s works inter alia were instrumental in historicizing the court dance as a “tradition” handed down from the Angkorean era. Groslier appealed to the colonial authorities for the protection of this “tradition” which had allegedly been on the “decline” owing to the influence of French culture. In the latter half of the 1920s the Résident Supérieur au Cambodge temporarily succeeded in transferring the royal troupe to Groslier’s control. In the 1930s members of the royal family set out to reconstruct the troupe, and the Minister of Palace named Thiounn wrote a book in which he described the court dance as Angkorean “tradition.” His book can be considered to be an attempt to appropriate colonial discourse and to construct a new narrative for the Khmers. After independence in 1953 French colonial discourse on Angkor was incorporated into Cam- bodian nationalism. While new repertoires such as Apsara Dance, modeled on the relief of the monuments, were created, the Buddhist Institute in Phnom Penh reprinted Thiounn’s book. Though the civil war was prolonged for 20 years and the Pol Pot regime rejected Cambodian cul- ture with the exception of the Angkor monuments, French colonial discourse is still alive in Cam- bodia today. -
Coastal Vulnerability Index Analysis in the Anyer Beach Serang District, Banten
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SINERGI SINERGI Vol. 23, No. 1, February 2019: 17-26 http://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/sinergi http://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2019.1.003 . COASTAL VULNERABILITY INDEX ANALYSIS IN THE ANYER BEACH SERANG DISTRICT, BANTEN Mawardi Amin, Ika Sari Damayanthi Sebayang, Carolina Masriani Sitompul Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana Jl. Raya Meruya Selatan, Kembangan, Jakarta 11650 Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract -- Anyer Beach is one of the famous tourist destinations. In addition to tourist destinations, the Anyer beach also has residential and industrial areas. In managing coastal areas, a study of vulnerability is needed due to threats from sea level rise, abrasion/erosion and also high waves that can damage infrastructure and cause losses. The research method is to collect data of hydro- oceanography, coastal vulnerability index calculates (Coastal Vulnerability Index). The coastal vulnerability index is a relative ranking method based on the index scale physical parameters such as geomorphology, shoreline change, elevation, sea level rise, mean tidal, wave height. On the results of the analysis of the criteria of vulnerability based on the parameters of geomorphology in the category of vulnerable with scores of 4, shoreline change in the category of vulnerable with a score of 4, the elevation in the category of extremely vulnerable with scores of 5, sea level rise into the medium category with a score of 3, mean tidal in the category less susceptible with a score of 2, the wave height is very vulnerable in the category with a score of 5.