Reducción De Las Variaciones De Rigidez Vertical De La Vía: Establecimiento De Criterios De Diseño, Recepción Y Mantenimiento De Las Infraestructuras Ferroviarias

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Reducción De Las Variaciones De Rigidez Vertical De La Vía: Establecimiento De Criterios De Diseño, Recepción Y Mantenimiento De Las Infraestructuras Ferroviarias Reducción de las variaciones de rigidez vertical de la vía: Establecimiento de criterios de diseño, recepción y mantenimiento de las infraestructuras ferroviarias Referencia: PT – 2006 – 046 – 17IAPM Actividad 1: Estado del arte. Enero 2008 CENIT Centro de Innovación del Transporte Preparado para: CEDEX (Centro de Experimentación de las Obras Públicas) Preparado por: CENIT, Centro de Innovación del Transporte TRANSyT, Centro de Investigación del Transporte Contacto: CENIT – Centro de Innovación del Transporte Jordi Girona, 29, 2º A, Edifici Nexus II 08034 – Barcelona, España +34 93 413 76 67 [email protected] Actividad 1: Estado del Arte ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS .....................................................................................................................1 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS................................................................................................................................3 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ..............................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCCIÓN AL DOCUMENTO....................................................................................................7 1 DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LÍNEAS FERROVIARIAS DE ALTAS PRESTACIONES.......................................................................................................................................8 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................8 1.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL EMPARRILLADO DE LA VÍA ......................................................................9 1.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA SECCIÓN TRANSVERSAL DE LA VÍA. SISTEMA BALASTO-PLATAFORMA... ..................................................................................................................................................12 1.3.1 Configuración estructural de la sección transversal..............................................................12 1.4 CUÑAS DE TRANSICIÓN EN LAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD .....................................................24 2 CONTROL DE CALIDAD, RECEPCIÓN Y HOMOLOGACIÓN DE LÍNEAS DE ALTAS PRESTACIONES.......................................................................................................................37 2.1 EL CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LAS CAPAS DEL SISTEMA BALASTO-PLATAFORMA ........................37 2.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA HOMOGENEIDAD RESISTENTE DEL SISTEMA BALASTO-PLATAFORMA: FRECUENCIA DE LOS ENSAYOS ...................................................................................................42 2.3 EL CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LAS CUÑAS DE TRANSICIÓN ..........................................................44 3 INCIDENCIA DEL MANTENIMIENTO Y DE LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD EN LAS VARIACIONES DE RIGIDEZ VERTICAL..............................46 3.1 AUSCULTACIÓN..........................................................................................................................46 3.2 ACTIVIDADES DE MANTENIMIENTO ............................................................................................48 3.3 RENOVACIÓN .............................................................................................................................49 4 LA PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA RIGIDEZ VERTICAL Y SU VARIACIÓN EN EL SENTIDO LONGITUDINAL .................................................................................................................50 4.1 PREÁMBULO...............................................................................................................................50 4.2 INTRODUCCIÓN ..........................................................................................................................50 4.3 LAS VARIACIONES DE LA RIGIDEZ VERTICAL DE LA VÍA Y SUS EFECTOS EN EL DETERIORO DE LA MISMA ........................................................................................................................................51 4.3.1 Concepto de rigidez vertical de la vía...................................................................................51 4.3.2 Las variaciones de la rigidez vertical de la vía y su incidencia en el deterioro de la misma. Un análisis de los distintos factores.....................................................................................................54 4.3.2.1 Las variaciones aleatorias de la rigidez vertical de la vía.....................................................54 4.3.2.2 Los estribos de puentes.........................................................................................................55 4.3.2.3 Las juntas de los carriles.......................................................................................................55 4.3.2.4 Los desvíos y aparatos de vía ...............................................................................................55 4.3.3 Técnicas para la reducción de las irregularidades de la rigidez vertical de la vía.................55 4.4 OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL DISEÑO DE LA VÍA........................................................................................56 4.5 UNA APROXIMACIÓN RACIONAL AL DISEÑO DE LA VÍA...............................................................58 4.5.1 Caracterización del tráfico....................................................................................................58 4.5.2 Modelización de la vía..........................................................................................................61 4.5.2.1 Propiedades de las capas de asiento necesarias para el análisis estructural..........................61 4.5.3 Evaluación de las tensiones y deformaciones admisibles.....................................................65 4.5.3.1 Criterios de diseño de los métodos analíticos.......................................................................65 4.5.3.2 Comportamiento de los materiales ante repetidos ciclos de carga........................................66 4.6 INFLUENCIA DE LAS MEDICIONES DE LA RIGIDEZ VERTICAL DE LA VÍA EN SU MANTENIMIENTO .68 4.7 LA MEDICIÓN DE LA RIGIDEZ VERTICAL DE LA VÍA .....................................................................70 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...................................................................................................73 1 CENIT Centro de Innovación del Transporte Actividad 1: Estado del Arte ANEJOS ....................................................................................................................................................80 ANEJO 1: CUESTIONARIO “PARÁMETROS DE DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN, CONTROL DE CALIDAD Y RECEPCIÓN DE LÍNEAS FERROVIARIAS” ......................................................................................81 ANEJO 2: CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS SUELOS PARA DETERMINAR LA SECCIÓN TIPO DE UNA LÍNEA DE ALTA VELOCIDAD ................................................................................................................................94 ANEJO 3: CONTROL DE CALIDAD EN ESPAÑA..........................................................................................97 A3.1 CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LAS PROPIEDADES DE LAS DISTINTAS CAPAS DEL SISTEMA BALASTO- PLATAFORMA EN ESPAÑA...........................................................................................................97 A3.1 CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE LAS CUÑAS DE TRANSICIÓN EN ESPAÑA ..........................................101 ANEJO 4: CRITERIOS DE RECEPCIÓN DE LAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD ............................................102 ANEJO 5: PROCESO DE HOMOLOGACIÓN DE LAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD......................................104 ANEJO 6: CRITERIOS DE INTERVENCIÓN PARA EL MANTENIMIENTO DE LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD ...109 ANEJO 7: CONTRIBUCIÓN DE TORE DAHLBERG ....................................................................................110 ANEJO 8: CONTRIBUCIONES DE MICHAEL BURROW..............................................................................126 ANEJO 9: CONTRIBUCIÓN DE ERIC BERGGREN......................................................................................162 2 CENIT Centro de Innovación del Transporte Actividad 1: Estado del Arte ÍNDICE DE TABLAS TABLA 1 TIPOLOGÍAS Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS CARRILES DE ALGUNAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD EUROPEAS. FUENTE: ELABORACIÓN PROPIA CON DATOS DE [3], [5], [34], [43], [45]...............................................................................................................................9 TABLA 2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS TRAVIESAS DE ALGUNAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD EUROPEAS. FUENTE: ELABORACIÓN PROPIA CON DATOS DE DIVERSAS FUENTES. FUENTE: ELABORACIÓN PROPIA CON DATOS DE [3], [26], [34], [35], [45], [48], [72], [85] [91], [104]................................................................................................................10 TABLA 3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS SUJECIONES Y PLACAS DE ASIENTO DE ALGUNAS LÍNEAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD EUROPEAS. FUENTE: ELABORACIÓN PROPIA CON DATOS DE DIVERSAS FUENTES. FUENTE: ELABORACIÓN PROPIA EN BASE A DATOS DE [3], [5], [26], [35], [45], [71], [72], [74], [91], [104].................................................................11 TABLA 4 RIGIDEZ VERTICAL DE LAS PLACAS DE ASIENTO. FUENTE: [98].............................12 TABLA 5 CLASIFICACIÓN GEOTÉCNICA DE LOS SUELOS. FUENTE: [108]. ..............................14 TABLA 6 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD RESISTENTE DE LA PLATAFORMA. FUENTE: [108]. ................................................................................................................................15
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