JRSAJustice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication digest Volume XXXII January - June 2020
Y=a+bX Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
The Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA) is a national, nonprofit organization dedicated to the use of nonpartisan research and analysis to inform criminal and juvenile justice decision making. We are comprised of a network of researchers and practitioners throughout government, academia, and the justice community.
At the core of this network are state Statistical Analysis Centers (SACs), which are units or agencies at the state level that use information from all components of the criminal justice system to conduct objective analyses informing policy and practice at the state and local levels. While most SACs are housed within their State Administering Agency (SAA), the location of SAAs varies from state to state. Of the SACs located outside of government agencies, all but one are located within academic institutions. The remaining SAC is a registered non-profit public benefit corporation.
1
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
SAC Publication Digest – Volume XXXII
The SAC Publication Digest is a comprehensive collection of abstracts of state Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) reports, including reports produced for the SACs by outside authors or organizations. The Digest briefly describes the publications published by each SAC during this period and covers a wide array of justice topics and analysis approaches not available from any other source. The Digest is a resource for anyone concerned with understanding the current major justice issues as well as the administration of justice in the states.
This volume of the SAC Publication Digest includes publications on the following topics.
Administrative/ Strategic Planning Juvenile Justice Covid-19 Law Enforcement Corrections Other Courts/Sentencing Policy Analysis Crime Statistics Racial Profiling Domestic Violence Sexual Assault/Sex Offenders Hate Crimes Substance Abuse Human Trafficking
BJS has long supported the establishment and operation of Statistical Analysis Centers (SACs) in the states and territories to collect, analyze, and report statistics on crime and justice to Federal, state, and local levels of government, and to share state-level information nationally. The information produced by SACs and their involvement in criminal justice projects has been and will continue to be critical to local, state, and federal criminal justice agencies and community organizations as they develop programs and policies related to crime, illegal drugs, victim services, and the administration of justice.
This project was supported by Grant No. 2018-86-CX-K038 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice.
2
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Administrative/ Strategic Planning
Rhode Island Justice Reinvestment Data Dashboard Rhode Island Department of Public Safety Grants Administration Office 2020
These data dashboards present interactive data related to Rhode Island’s Justice Reinvestment efforts. They include the following sections: Overview and Comparisons, Inmates Awaiting Trial, Sentenced Inmates, Probation and Parole Populations by Supervision Level, Probation and Parole Populations by Race, Pre- Arraignment Reports, Pre-Trial Diversion Programs, Length of Probation Terms and Suspended Sentences, Sanctions Imposed by Probation Officers, Sentences Imposed by the Courts, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Programs, Batterers Intervention Programs, and Victim Restitution.
Covid-19
Illinois The Criminal Justice System and Pandemic Preparedness and response: Operating in the Age of Coronavirus Jessica Reichert, Lilly Gleicher, H. Douglas Otto, Amanda Vasquez, and William Watkins Illinois criminal Justice Authority April 2020, 18 pp.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique challenges for the criminal justice system. Despite statewide social distancing and stay-in-place orders, criminal justice practitioners and victim service providers must, to some extent, continue to interact directly with justice-involved individuals, victims, and others. This article describes some of the challenges confronting criminal justice system practitioners during the pandemic and offers guidance on policy and practices to ensure their safety. Topics covered include policing, crime trends, community supervision, jails, prisons, victim services, behavioral health, homelessness, and additional resources.
Wyoming Views of COVID-19 in Wyoming – 3/30/20 Brian Harnisch Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center March – July 2020
These briefs present the results of multiple surveys planned in 2020 to measure public opinion on several topics related to COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and approval ratings for how government officials are handling the related crisis. The surveys are designed to gauge public opinion on several topics related to COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and approval ratings for how the president, congress, our governor, and local officials are
3
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII handling the crisis. Our COVID-19 tracking survey will be fielded at regular intervals to collect information about the changing views of Wyoming residents over time.
The survey was conducted among a randomly selected sample of Wyoming residents who are members of the Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center’s (WYSAC) WyoSpeaks panel of Wyoming citizens. Each survey was conducted online for 24 hours.
March 30, 2020 April13, 2020 April 27, 2020 May 11, 2020 June 8, 2020
Corrections
Colorado Adult and Juvenile Correctional Populations Forecasts Linda Harrison Office of Research and Statistics, Colorado Division of Criminal Justice March 2020, 56 pp.
This report presents current forecasts for the Colorado adult prison and parole populations for the upcoming seven fiscal years, and for the Colorado juvenile commitment, detention and parole populations for five fiscal years. It also includes estimates regarding the average length of stay for inmates admitted during the previous fiscal year. These are used to calculate cost savings resulting from proposed legislation and policy changes. It includes a description of the Colorado Criminal Justice Forecasting Model (CCJFM), the adult prison population forecasts for fiscal years 2020 through 2026, including estimates of prison admissions and releases by type. It also includes parole caseload forecasts for fiscal years 2020 through 2026 and estimated average lengths of stay by offender category for prisoners admitted during the fiscal year 2019. Finally, it presents information related to juveniles, including commitments, detentions, and parole projections for fiscal years 2020 through 2024. The juvenile population estimate includes year-end and quarterly average daily population (ADP) forecasts for committed juveniles, estimated numbers of new commitments, year-end average daily caseload (ADC) forecasts, and year-end and quarterly detention ADP forecasts.
Connecticut Monthly Indicators Reports Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division
The Monthly Indicators Report collects and publishes data from a variety of state criminal justice agencies. The primary goals of the Report are to monitor trends in prison admissions and releases and to provide policy makers and the public with a current look at the state's prison system and its prisoners. The Monthly is required by Public Act 05-249.
January February March April May June
4
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Annual Correctional Population Forecast Report Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division February 2020, 2 pp.
The State of Connecticut Annual Correctional Population Forecast Report is published in response to the statutory requirements outlined in Public Act 05-249 that created the Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division (CJPPD) within the Office of Policy and Management (OPM) and tasked the Division with developing annual population projections for Connecticut’s correctional system for planning purposes. Public Act 07-217 changed the annual reporting deadline from November first to February fifteenth, effective July 12, 2007 and has been codified within the Connecticut General Statutes Title 4, Chapter 50, §4-68n.
Recidivism, 2017-Release Cohort Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division February 2020, 3 pp.
The State of Connecticut Recidivism Study is an annual report published in response to the statutory requirements outlined in Public Act 05-249. This legislation created the Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division (CJPPD) within the Office of Policy and Management (OPM) and tasked the Division with issuing an annual report on the recidivism of offenders released from the custody of the Department of Correction (DOC) and from probation.
Kansas KSSC's 2020 Prison Population Projections Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020
This dashboard summarizes key information from the Kansas Sentencing Commission from FY 2020 prison population projections.
FY 2010 to 2019 Review of Prison Trends Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020
This dashboard summarizes Kansas Department of Correction’s prison population on the last day of FY 2019.
Louisiana 2019 Status of State and Local Corrections Facilities and Program Report Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center April 2020, 150 pp.
Pursuant to Act 499 of the 2016 Regular Session of the Louisiana Legislature, the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice serves as the central coordinating agency for adult and 5
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII juvenile correctional systems; in conjunction with the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, youth services of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections, the sheriffs of the state, and local juvenile justice officials. In 2019, the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections was responsible for an average of 31,877 inmates (between January and June 2019). In 2019, there was a projected increase in the overall corrections population from the 2018 population.
Nevada UNLV Center for Crime and Justice Policy Stat Sheet: Death Row in Nevada, 2019 University of Nevada Las Vegas Center for Crime and Justice Policy Tereza Trejbalová January 2020, 2 pp.
The number of people on death rows across the United States has decreased over the last two decades. For example, in 1999, 3,625 prisoners were awaiting execution compared to 2,673 individuals in 2019. Nevada currently houses 74 death row prisoners. This Stat Sheet presents demographic information on these prisoners, along with current developments in the state. It compares the racial makeup of Nevada's death row inmates to the racial makeup of the nations' death row inmates. It also includes an analysis of death row sentences by the decade sentenced as well as an analysis of the age of death row inmates.
Oregon House Bill 3078 (2017) Report Oregon Criminal Justice Commission February 2020, 20 pp.
In the 2017 legislative session, the legislature passed, and the Governor signed House Bill 3078. Section 10 of this bill requires the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) to study the impact of this legislation on “prison utilization, recidivism, and public safety,” and to report the results annually. This report is the third annual report and first report after one full biennium of implementation. The estimated prison bed impacts of the changes attributable to HB 3078 were included in the most recent Oregon Corrections Population Forecast prepared by the Office of Economic Analysis (October 1, 2019). The estimated impact is a significant reduction in prison utilization, particularly for the female prison population. Therefore, at this time, no additional female nor male corrections facility will not be required within the 10-year window of the prison forecast.
Short Term Transitional Leave Program in Oregon Michael Schmidt, Oregon Criminal Justice Commission Ken Sanchagrin, Kelly Officer, and Katherine Tallan, Oregon Statistical Analysis Center February 2020, 20 pp.
Short‐term transitional leave (STTL) is a program designed to improve the transitional planning and reentry process for adults in custody as they leave the Oregon Department of Corrections (DOC) custody and rejoin society. The STTL program has existed for approximately three decades in Oregon. However, significant revisions to the program enacted through the passage of HB 3194 (2013) and HB 3078 (2017) increased participation in the STTL program. Currently, STTL participants are released from Department of Corrections custody either 30, 90, or 120 days before the end of their sentence. Upon release, participants serve the 6
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII remainder of their time in the community. Whether an individual receives 30‐, 90‐, or 120‐day STTL depends on the sentencing date of the individual. This report presents data from the fifth annual assessment of STTL, which has included over 8,000 adults in custody since 2014. Generally, what this report shows is that individuals who participate in the STTL program show lower three‐year, two‐year, and one‐year recidivism rates compared to similarly situated adults in custody.
Oregon Recidivism Analysis Siobhan McAlister, Kelly Officer, and Ken Sanchagrin Oregon Statistical Analysis Center May 2020, 2 pp.
This report is the eleventh semiannual recidivism report authored by the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) with the assistance of state agency partners. In this current report, the CJC’s methodology is consistent with previous reports. The three measures of recidivism tracked are arrest for a new crime, a new misdemeanor or felony conviction, and incarceration for a new felony crime. Each recidivism measure is tracked separately, meaning that a single offender can contribute to all three measures or a subset. The CJC also analyzes two groups: those released to post-prison supervision, and those sentenced to a new probation sentence. An offender is counted as recidivating if they are arrested, convicted, or incarcerated for a new crime, within three years of release from prison/felony jail sentence, or imposition of a probation sentence.
Courts/Sentencing
Kansas Kansas Sentencing Commission Annual Report (FY 2009-2019) Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020
This dashboard summarizes key information from the Kansas Sentencing Commission from FY 2019 Annual Report related to sentencing for FY 2009 to FY 2019. It includes state and county specific information on the number of cases per fiscal year, grid type, security level, type of sentence and offender demographic data.
Kansas Sentencing Commission’s FY 2009 – 2019 Drug Dashboard Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020
This dashboard summarizes key drug trends reported to the Kansas Sentencing Commission from FY 2009 to FY 2019. It includes state and county specific information on the number of drug cases, sentence imposed, type of drug, drug offense, drug severity level, criminal history and offender demographic data.
7
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Probation Revocation Violation Hearing Data (FY 2009 to 2019) Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020 This dashboard summarizes key information related to probation violation hearings for FY 2009 to FY 2019. It includes information on the number of revocations, probation entity, Type of violation, and probation hearing disposition.
New York Criminal Justice Case Processing Arrest through Disposition New York State January - December 2019 Office of Justice Research and Performance, NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services July 2020, 35 pp.
This report details New York State's superior courts' felony case processing in (Criminal Procedure Law 10.10 and 10.20) and its publication fulfills the statutory reporting requirements outlined in Section 837-a of Executive Law requiring the Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) to collect and analyze statistical information on felony indictments, superior court informations (SCI) and the dispositions of felony cases. The report presents information about the processing of these felony cases for New York State and its two regions: New York City and the Rest of State (the 57 counties outside of the five boroughs). Arrest and arraignment statistics also are included for the entire state and each region. Individual county-specific reports were provided to each District Attorney's office, the New York City Office of the Special Narcotics Prosecutor (OSNP), and the Office of the Attorney General, and are available to the public upon request.
Annotated Report User Guide
Raise the Age Impact by the Numbers: October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019 Office of Justice Research and Performance, NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services May 2020, 24 pp.
Effective October 2018, 16-year-olds arrested for felony offenses, known as Adolescent Offenders (AO), were to be arraigned in the newly created Youth Part of Supreme and County Criminal Court. This report details arrest, arraignment, probation intake, disposition, sentencing and confinement activity of Adolescent Offenders occurring in the Youth Part of Supreme and County Courts, Family Courts, and Probation Departments and reported in the 12 months following the implementation of the first phase of the state’s Raise the Age law: Oct. 1, 2018, through Sept. 30, 2019. The data tables and summary correspond with Parts 2 through 5 of the Raise the Age Implementation Task Force’s inaugural report, which was published in September 2019 and included data from the first six months of the law’s implementation.
8
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
New Mexico Quality of the Administrative Office of the Courts’ Disposition and Sentencing Data Kristine Denman and Callie Dorsey New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center February 2020, 63 pp.
The Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) is the principal source for criminal case disposition and sentencing information in New Mexico. Although the primary users of agency-created data are typically those within the agency, others may also access the data, including researchers. Unlike intra-agency users that generally interact with the data on an individual case level, researchers look at the raw underlying data either line-by-line or aggregate the data for analysis. Research results generated from these data can be used to measure criminal justice performance, assess reforms, and inform policy. However, the quality of these data can vary over time, by jurisdiction, and by the specific data fields. The current study evaluates the quality of the AOC’s disposition and sentencing data. We are undertaking this assessment to provide feedback to the AOC regarding the strengths and limitations of the data, as well as to help secondary users like us better understand the data to ensure that the data are used responsibly to inform research and policy. This study focuses on the completeness, validity, uniqueness/duplication, consistency, and accuracy of both disposition and sentencing data.
Crime Statistics
Alaska Homicide in Alaska: 1976-2016 Andrew Gonzalez Alaska Justice Information Center, University of Alaska Anchorage May 2020, 69 pp.
This project examined the characteristics of homicide in Alaska as reported by law enforcement agencies to the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Of particular interest were homicide committed against American Indian or Alaska Native female victims among different victim groups. The SHR includes details of the homicide, such as the relationship between the victim and suspect, weapons used, and circumstance. The study utilized 41 years of data beginning in 1976 and ending in 2016. It included a total of 1,709 incidents of homicide, 1,943 suspects, and 1,856 victims. This descriptive analysis documented the characteristics of these incidents, suspects, and victims, then examined characteristics based on the race and sex of the victim involved. For additional context, Alaska's population was compared to the representation of victims in this study.
Related resources: Firearm Homicide Fact Sheet Relationship Homicide Fact Sheet Victimization Homicide Fact Sheet Homicide Victim Relationship Dashboard
9
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
California Crime in California 2019 Criminal Justice Statistics Center July 2020, 81 pp.
Crime in California 2019 presents an overview of the criminal justice system in California. Current year statistics, provided by California law enforcement agencies to the California Department of Justice (DOJ), are presented for reported crimes, arrests, dispositions of adult felony arrests, adult probation, criminal justice personnel, civilians’ complaints against peace officers, domestic violence-related calls for assistance, anti-reproductive-rights crimes, and law enforcement officers killed or assaulted. From 2018 to 2019, the total felony arrest rate decreased 3.0 percent, while the total misdemeanor arrest rate decreased 3.3 percent. During the same period, the total violent offense arrest rate decreased 3.3 percent, with homicide, robbery, and assault arrest rates decreased 4.3, 3.5, and 3.0 percent, respectively
Homicide in California 2019 Criminal Justice Statistics Center July 2020, 56 pp.
Homicide in California 2019 contains information about the crime of homicide and its victims, including demographic data on victims, persons arrested for homicide, persons sentenced to death, peace officers feloniously killed in the line of duty, and justifiable homicides as reported to the California Department of Justice (CA DOJ) by California Law Enforcement Agencies. This report focuses on data reported to the CA DOJ in 2019 with prior years data included for context. These data are provided to assist in policy development and to inform the public on the nature and volume of reported homicides in California. There were 1,679 homicides reported in 2019. This number represents a decrease of 3.5 percent from the 1,739 reported in 2018. The 1,679 reported homicides also translate to a rate of 4.2 homicide crimes per 100,000 population. This figure represents a decrease of 4.5 percent from the 4.4 rate reported in 2018.
Hawaii Crime in Maui County, 2019 Kristin Ishihara and Paul Perrone Research & Statistics Branch, Crime Prevention & Justice Assistance Division May 2020, 49 pp.
This report provides crime statistics and analyses specific to Maui County. The complete Crime in Hawaii, 2019 report, which will include statewide rate comparisons, plus data on police officers killed and assaulted, police department employee counts, and population estimates, will be available following submission of complete annual crime data from all four of Hawaii’s county police departments.
10
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Maryland Violent Crime & Property Crime by County: 1975 to Present Maryland Statistical Analysis Center (MSAC), Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention January 2020
This interactive dataset presents county-level violent crime and property crime from 1974 to present and was last updated on January 24, 20. The dataset enables the user to visualize and export the data.
Violent Crime & Property Crime by Municipality: 1975 to Present Maryland Statistical Analysis Center (MSAC), Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention January 2020
This interactive dataset presents municipal-level violent crime and property crime from 1974 to present and was last updated on January 24, 20. The dataset enables the user to visualize and export the data.
Violent Crime & Property Crime Statewide Totals: 1975 to Present Maryland Statistical Analysis Center (MSAC), Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention January 2020
This interactive dataset presents statewide totals for violent crime and property crime from 1974 to present and was last updated on January 24, 20. The dataset enables the user to visualize and export the data.
North Dakota Crime in North Dakota, 2019 Colleen Weltz North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation 2020, 175 pp.
The North Dakota Incident-Based Reporting (ND IBR) program involves the collection, compilation, and analysis of crime and arrest statistics reported by the various local law enforcement agencies throughout the state. In 2019 fifty-three sheriff departments, 52 police departments, 10 Task Forces, and the ND Highway Patrol submitted data to the ND IBR program. This release of Crime in North Dakota is based solely upon incident data. Since data submitted to the FBI must first be converted to the summary -level data., we strongly discourage comparing ND IBR data to any previously UCR Summary data released by North Dakota or the FBI in the Crime in the United States publications.
Homicide in North Dakota, 2019 Colleen Weltz North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation 2020, 21 pp.
The term "homicide," for purposes of this report, includes the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) offenses of murder and non-negligent manslaughter. Homicide refers to the "willful killing of one human being by 11
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII another." It does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, justifiable homicides, or deaths caused by gross negligence. In 2019, twenty-six homicide deaths were known to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. Based on a state population estimate of 762,062, the resulting homicide rate for the state of North Dakota was 3.4 per 100,000 population.
South Dakota Crime in South Dakota 2019 Erin Baumgart South Dakota Division of Criminal Investigation April 2020, 199 pp.
In 2019, state and local law enforcement agencies reported a total of 78,082 offenses. In 2019 there were a total of 53,079 Group “A” Offenses reported to law enforcement compared to 51,488 reported in 2018, representing an increase of 1,591 or 3.09%. Group “B” Offenses totaled 25,003 compared to 24,467 offenses reported in 2018, representing an increase of 536 or 2.19%. Murder increased by 33.33%; there were 16 homicides reported in 2019, as compared to 12 homicides reported in 2018. A total of 486 forcible rapes reported in 2019 compared to 490 in 2018. There were 2,529 burglaries reported in 2019, representing a 6.93% increase from 2018. In 2019, juvenile arrestees accounted for 11.04% (5,054) of the total arrests (45,770), up from 5,026 in 2018. DUI arrests decreased by 3.96% in 2019, while total drug offenses increased by 1.65%. Since 2015 drug offenses have increased by 25.71%. In addition to collecting NIBRS data, the Division of Criminal Investigation is responsible for the collection of fingerprint cards and compiling them for South Dakota Criminal History records. In 2019, the Identification Department (ID) processed a total of 32,717 fingerprint cards, 32,175 were received electronically through livescans, and 542 were received through the mail and manually processed by the Identification Department staff.
Tennessee Crime on Campus 2019 Tennessee Bureau of Investigation April 2020, 151 pp.
The College and University Security Information Act requires each institution of higher education to report to the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation data relating to crimes occurring on the campus and in student housing. The Bureau prescribes the reporting form and format for the collection of data. This legislatively mandated report relies on data from the Tennessee Incident-Based Reporting System (TIBRS). The 2019 Crime on Campus Report includes sections for both analysis and comparison of offenses by year. Due to FBI reporting procedures, this report only includes Group B incidents that were cleared by arrest, summons, or citations.
Crime reported by Tennessee colleges and universities increased by 3.6% from 2018 to 2019. Larceny/Theft made up 26.7% of all offenses reported in 2019 with “Theft from a building” being the most frequently reported offense. The overall category of reported “Larceny/Theft” has declined 13.5% since 2016. Sex Offenses-Non-Consensual decreased by 20% in 2019.
12
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Crime in Tennessee 2019 Tennessee Bureau of Investigation May 2020, 520 pp.
Crime in Tennessee is an annual report, compiled and published by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation's CJIS Support Center. The report relies on crime statistics submitted by all law enforcement agencies across the state. The agencies report crimes to the Tennessee Incident-Based Reporting System (TIBRS), which is the state's version of the FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). In 2019 there were a total of 529,524 Group A offenses reported to law enforcement representing a 5% decline from 2018. Murder, Weapon Law Violations, and Rape declined .8%, 6%, and 7.4%, respectively.
Domestic Violence
Indiana Domestic Violence in Indiana – 2017 Offender Overview Allison Cardona Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Research & Planning Division March 2020, 27 pp.
This report analyzes arrest, conviction, and criminal history data to create a profile of domestic violence offenders throughout the state of Indiana in 2017. Arrest data were obtained from the Criminal History Repository Information System (CHRIS), conviction data came from the Indiana Prosecuting Attorneys Council (IPAC), and the criminal history data were gathered by the Management Performance Hub (MPH) using data from the Indiana State Police. Since the IPAC does not require the collection of data on the offender-victim relationship, only those cases that were inherently domestic violence-related were analyzed. These offenses include domestic battery (and all the variations therein) and invasion of privacy. One limitation of this study is that it was unable to capture additional offenses outside of this scope that were instances of domestic violence.
The findings of this report align with past research in nearly every regard. A review of Indiana criminal history data revealed that domestic violence offenders had over 15,000 prior arrests, substantiating previous research that found criminal history to be predictive of future arrests. With an arrest rate nearly three times that of offenders and almost 60% of offenders having already recidivated, it is especially problematic that these individuals were still committing crimes. A pattern that suggests the punishment of these offenders is ineffective. The debate will ensue on what making those punishments effective looks like, whether it’s harsher sentences or rehabilitation focused sentences. However, research shows that preventative treatment and rehabilitation are the most effective ways to avoid repeat offenses. Over 15,000 prior arrests represent over 15,000 opportunities for rehabilitation.
Related Infographic
13
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Hate Crimes
California Hate Crime in California 2019 Criminal Justice Statistics Center July 2020, 41 pp.
Hate Crime in California 2019 presents statistics on hate crimes reported by California law enforcement agencies that occurred during 2019 with prior years included for context. These statistics include the number of hate crime events, hate crime offenses, victims of hate crimes, and suspects of hate crimes. This report also provides statistics reported by district and elected city attorneys on the number of hate crime cases referred to prosecutors, the number of cases filed in court, and the disposition of those cases. These data are provided to assist in policy development and to inform the public on the nature and frequency of the reported hate crimes in California. The total number of hate crime events, offenses, and suspects decreased while the total number of victims increased in 2019.
Hawaii Hate Crime in Hawaii, 2019 Paul Perrone Research & Statistics Branch, Crime Prevention & Justice Assistance Division February 2020, 4 pp.
This annual report covers hate crime cases that reached a final disposition during Calendar Year 2019. A statewide total of two hate crime incidents, including one from the City and County of Honolulu and one from Kauai County, were reported to Hawaii’s hate crime statistics reporting program for Calendar Year 2019. In addition to details about these incidents this report includes eighteen-year summary statistics for hate crime incidents.
Tennessee Hate Crime in Tennessee 2019 Tennessee Bureau of Investigation June 2020, 28 pp.
This report examines hate crimes reported to the Tennessee Incident-Based Reporting System (TIBRS) by Tennessee law enforcement agencies, colleges, and universities for the year 2019. It is difficult to know with certainty whether a crime was a result of the offender’s bias because motivation is subjective. Law enforcement investigation is crucial for accurate hate crime reporting because it must reveal sufficient evidence to lead a reasonable person to conclude that the offender’s actions were motivated by his or her bias. Reporting agencies were contacted and asked to verify the accuracy of the hate crime data reported for their jurisdiction. An examination of the reported data revealed several trends and noteworthy facts. Of the 529,730 Group A offenses reported in 2019, 0.02% of these crimes had a known bias motivation, representing
14
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII a 36% decrease from 2018. Assaults were the most frequently reported bias-motivated offense, while racial/ethnic/ancestry bias was the most frequently reported known bias motivation.
Human Trafficking
Wisconsin 2019 Law Enforcement Assessment of Sex Trafficking in Wisconsin Bureau of Justice Information and Analysis 2020, 66 pp.
In 2019, the Wisconsin Department of Justice administered a survey to law enforcement agencies to gather information about their perceptions, policies, and data entering practices related to human trafficking incidents in their jurisdictions. A total of 305 law enforcement agencies, covering 91% of the state’s population, completed the first part of the survey, and 203 agencies covering 65% of the population completed the second part. Findings revealed that Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program human trafficking data is inconsistent across the state and more incomplete than previously believed. Respondents reported that while human trafficking is occurring in Wisconsin, quantifying law enforcement involvement with human trafficking incidents remains a challenge because identification and data entering practices differ across the state. Respondents also expressed a desire and need for training on how to differentiate between prostitution and sex trafficking for both operational and data collection purposes. Responses indicate that many agencies would benefit from training on the dynamics of child sex trafficking and the statutory elements of Trafficking of a Child. Most chiefs and sheriffs (92%) reported that their agencies would refer cases of suspected trafficking of a child to the local child welfare agency. Most (91%) also reported they would refer to adult or juvenile victims of human trafficking for services.
2019 Law Enforcement Assessment of Sex Trafficking in Wisconsin Factsheet
Juvenile Justice
California Juvenile Justice in California 2019 Criminal Justice Statistics Center July 2020, 126 pp.
Juvenile Justice in California 2019 reflects data extracted from the Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR), the Juvenile Court and Probation Statistical System (JCPSS), and a file containing dispositions of adult- level felony arrests. For this reporting year, referral and petition statistics were submitted to the JCPSS by 57 of California’s 58 counties, representing over 99 percent of the state’s juvenile population. Juvenile Justice in California 2019 presents statistics in four sections: Arrests, Referrals, Petitions, and Adult Court Dispositions. Law Enforcement agencies provided arrest data while probation departments provided referral data.
15
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Comparisons should not be made between arrest data and referral data, as there are differences in the reporting of these data.
Law Enforcement
California Use of Force Incident Reporting 2019 Criminal Justice Statistics Center July 2020, 77 pp.
Use of Force Incident Reporting 2019 presents a summary overview of the use of force and discharge of firearm incidents, as defined in Government Code (GC) section 12525.2. This report focuses on data reported by California law enforcement agencies for incidents reported as having occurred in the calendar year 2019 to the California Department of Justice (DOJ). Due to the narrow definition of use of force in the statute, the data contained in this report only represent incidents where the use of force resulted in serious bodily injury or death or the discharge of a firearm. Making comparisons or generalizations with these data is not advised as they do not contain the full spectrum of use of force incidents that occurred in California.
Colorado A Report of Officer Involved Shootings in Colorado: January 1, 2010 - June 30, 2019 Kim English, Peg Flick, and Laurence Lucero Office of Research and Statistics, Colorado Division of Criminal Justice March 2020, 60 pp.
In 2015, the Colorado General Assembly passed Senate Bill 15-217, which mandates that state and local law enforcement agencies report specific information to the Division of Criminal Justice (DCJ) if the agency “employs a peace officer who is involved in an officer-involved shooting that results in a person suspected of criminal activity being shot at by the officer.” It also mandates that DCJ analyze and report the data on an annual basis. This fifth annual report documents findings based on officer-involved shootings that occurred between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2019.
Between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2019, 150 law enforcement agencies reported data to the Division of Criminal Justice. Of those, 65 agencies reported 432 shooting incidents involving 793 officers and 480 citizens. The majority of the citizens and officers were White (53% and 82%, respectively); the citizen group included 30% Hispanics and 13% Black/African Americans. As a group, the citizens were younger, on average, than the officers. Among the citizens, Black/African Americans were youngest, on average, compared to Hispanics and Whites.
The data revealed that over half (56%) of the incidents originated with a call for service. In nearly two-thirds (60%) of shooting incidents officers perceived an imminent threat to officers or citizens. In 22% of incidents, a shot was fired at the officer. The officer perceived some level of threat in 15% of incidents, 2% of incidents involved preventing an escape. In 74% of the cases, a verbal warning was issued before the incident. In 41% of incidents, there was some indication of intoxication with alcohol, drugs, or a combination of those. 16
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Summary of Law Enforcement and District Attorney Reports of Student Contacts Kim English, Peg Flick, and Laurence Lucero Office of Research and Statistics, Colorado Division of Criminal Justice March 2020, 60 pp.
In 2015, the Colorado General Assembly passed House Bill 1273. HB 1273 mandates that local law enforcement agencies annually report specific information to the Division of Criminal Justice (DCJ) concerning every incident that resulted in a student’s arrest, summons or ticket during the previous academic year. It also mandates DCJ to annually analyze and report the data by law enforcement agency and by school.
House Bill 1273 also requires each district attorney office to report specific information annually to DCJ. Including any student granted pre-filing juvenile or adult diversion for a ticket, summons, or offense that occurred at a public elementary school, middle or junior high school, or high school; in a school vehicle; or at a school activity or sanctioned event. DCJ provided data collection instruments to law enforcement agencies and district attorney offices that allowed for the submission of this information for the period between August 1, 2018, and July 31, 2019.
This organization of this report is as follows: Section One describes the statute including the data requested, and also describes the approach employed to develop the data set; Section Two focuses on the findings from the data provided by law enforcement agencies; Section Three presents information on the outcome of the incidents according to court records; and, Section Four provides results from district attorney pre-filing diversion cases and a summary of the findings by judicial district.
For information on incidents analyzed by school, school district, and by law enforcement agency, please see our interactive data dashboard.
Louisiana 2019 Body Camera Survey Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center April 2020, 15 pp.
The Legislature of Louisiana requested that the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice (LCLE) develop a platform or means through which law enforcement agencies can share and exchange non-confidential information and experiences concerning body cameras including but not limited to the following: policies and procedures for the proper use, maintenance, and storage of body cameras, which shall include recommendations on policies and procedures for body camera use while the law enforcement offices are engaged in the performance of their official duties; policies and procedures regarding proper storage, retention, and releases of audio and video data recorded by body cameras as well as establishing a time frame to review the data recorded by body cameras, policies and procedures regarding the law enforcement training relative to each enforcement agency’s policies and procedures on the use of body cameras and legislation needed, if any, to authorize the use of body cameras by peace officers in this state.
17
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Michigan Focused Deterrence Violence Prevention At Community And Individual Levels Marquette Law Review, 103(3), 963-981 Edmund McGarrell Michigan Justice Statistics Center, Michigan State University Summer 2020, 20 pp.
The focused deterrence violence prevention model emerged as part of Boston Ceasefire in the mid-1990s. Since that time, solid research evidence has emerged indicating focused deterrence can influence community levels of violence, particularly gang- and group-related violence. It is considered an evidence-based violence reduction strategy. The evidence of the impact on individuals, however, is much more limited and mixed. This article presents the focused deterrence model, reviews the research evidence, and considers the implications for reducing violent recidivism. Several lingering research questions, as well as considerations for leveraging focused deterrence along with other recidivism reduction strategies, are discussed.
Nebraska 2019 Traffic Stops in Nebraska Nebraska Crime Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice March 2020, 42 pp.
There were 367,778 traffic stops reported to the Nebraska Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (NCC) for 2019 from 193 law enforcement agencies. The majority of traffic stops, 63.7%, were conducted by Nebraska State Patrol (NSP) or agencies in Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy Counties. NSP conducted 30% of stops, while the Omaha Police Department (OPD0 and the Lincoln Police Department (LPD) conducted 11.5% and 11.7%, respectively. To compare traffic stop data among segments of Nebraska’s population, researchers employed a disparity index. Based on the disparity index Black, Other and Hispanic drivers were stopped more frequently than would be expected based on their percentage of the overall population. The data also revealed that Black, American Indian/Alaskan Natives, Other, and Hispanic drivers were arrested at higher rates than White or Asian/Pacific Islander drivers. Finally, in 2019, five allegations of racial profiling were received from four agencies, at least one of which involved a search, representing a decline from the previous year.
Tennessee 2019 Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Assaulted (LEOKA) Tennessee Bureau of Investigation June 2020, 20 pp.
2019 Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Assaulted (LEOKA) presents information on reported incidents of assaults or deaths of Tennessee law enforcement officers in the line of duty. It utilizes data from TBI’s Tennessee Incident-Based Reporting System (TIBRS) program. In 2019, there were a total of 2,416 LEOKA victims reported across the state. The number of reported LEOKA offenses increased by 29.3% from 2016 to 2019. The most frequently reported offense was Simple Assault at 57.6%.
18
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Law Enforcement-Related Deaths 2019 Tennessee Bureau of Investigation 2020, 13 pp.
Law enforcement-Related Deaths is defined as “the death of an individual in custody, whether in prison, in a jail or otherwise in the custody of law enforcement pursuant to an arrest or a transfer between institutions of any kind or; the death of an individual potentially resulting from an interaction with law enforcement, while the law enforcement officer is on duty or while the law enforcement officer is off duty but performing activities that are within the scope of the officer’s law enforcement duties.” An Arrest Related Non-Forcible Death (ARNFD) is any death attributed to suicide, alcohol, drug intoxication, or medical conditions, such as cardiac arrest, that occurs during the process of arrest by or in the custody of state or local law enforcement personnel. Though ARNFDs are not common, they do fall within the scope of the “Law Enforcement Related Deaths” definition. For this study, the TBI’S CJIS Division divided Law Enforcement Related Death data into three sections: deadly Use of force, arrest-related non-forcible deaths, and deaths in custody.
Other
Hawaii Firearm Registrations in Hawaii, 2019 Paul Perrone Research & Statistics Branch, Crime Prevention & Justice Assistance Division
Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 134-14 requires the county police departments to provide to the Department of the Attorney General a monthly report of firearm registration activity. The data from these reports were compiled in order to provide the statistics presented herein for Calendar Year 2019. This is the twentieth annual publication of Firearm Registrations in Hawaii. A total of 16,098 personal/private firearm permit applications were processed statewide during 2019, marking a 10.9% decrease from 18,070 applications processed in 2018. Of the applications processed in 2019, 96.1% were approved and resulted in issued permits; 2.3% were approved but subsequently voided after the applicants failed to return for their permits within the specified time period; and 1.6% were denied due to one or more disqualifying factors.
Idaho Idaho Criminal Justice Needs Assessment: A Survey of Criminal Justice Practitioners and Community Leaders Thomas Strauss, Danielle Swerin, Misty M. Kifer Idaho Statistical Analysis Center May 2020, 49 pp.
During the summer of 2019, the Idaho Statistical Analysis Center (ISAC) conducted a survey of criminal justice practitioners and community leaders to evaluate the state of the justice system in Idaho and identify areas in need of additional resources. In total, ISAC received 615 responses from across six different sectors of the justice system. These responses were supplemented with state administrative law enforcement and behavioral health data sources. Key findings from the survey and data review are presented below.
19
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Illinois Criminal Justice System Utilization in Rural Areas Lauren Weisner, H. Douglas Otto, Sharyn Adams, and Jessica Reichert Illinois criminal Justice Authority March 2020, 17 pp.
Criminal justice systems operating in rural areas have been overlooked and under-researched, creating an emphasis on urban criminal justice system knowledge and recommendations. In addition, many rural areas have fewer social and behavioral health services, longer travel distances for service appointments and corresponding transportation issues, a small pool of criminal justice practitioners, and outdated technology and infrastructure. Researchers explored literature on rural crime and criminal justice systems in Illinois and nationally and examined state data trends. Findings indicate Illinois’ rural counties utilized the justice system more than urban counties, with higher rates of drug arrests, criminal court cases filed, probation caseloads, and prison admissions and exits.
The Effect of Media Coverage of Sexual Assault on Hotline Calling: An Examination of Rape Crisis Hotline Calls in Illinois Karl O. Gruschow Illinois criminal Justice Authority January 2020, 18 pp.
News reports have documented increases in calls to rape crisis hotlines after periods of intense coverage of sexual assault cases in the media. Hotline call data collected from InfoNet, a web-based data collection and reporting system used by victim service providers in Illinois, was used to examine the relationship between daily hotline calls and the coverage of sexual assault in the media over the past 17 years. Despite evidence of exceptionally high call volume coinciding with the confirmation process of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh, as well as calls related to a local media awareness event promoting the hotline, other high-profile cases were not consistently linked to increased calls. This article provides an initial exploration into how high- profile events may impact hotline calls and notes the importance of establishing a baseline when using hotline call tallies as a measure of media impact on victim help-seeking.er
Policy Analysis
Indiana The Effects of the 2014 Criminal Code Reform on Drug Convictions in Indiana Elizabeth Farrington, Marcy Beutlich, and Kourtney Byrd Indiana Criminal Justice Institute Research & Planning Division March 2020, 26 pp.
On July 1, 2014, changes proposed to Indiana’s Criminal Code were officially implemented, affecting the criminal justice system. The Indiana Criminal Justice Institute (ICJI) is statutorily obligated to monitor and evaluate the impact of this criminal code reform, reporting results to state legislators on an annual basis.
20
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Findings from the Evaluation of Indiana’s Criminal Code Reform reports suggest that local criminal justice professionals are concerned with the lessened severity of sentences associated with drug crimes. They suggest that this reduction in severity may have increased recidivism, perpetuating the revolving door of the justice system, and is negatively impacting an offender’s ability to recover from substance use disorder - a commonly identified association with a drug offense.
To operationalize changes in severity of sentencing, this report compares drug conviction data from nine Indiana counties from a period in time before the reform to a like period after the changes set in. Findings also revealed that felons and misdemeanants alike are being convicted differently than offenders under the legacy code. There was a 50% decrease in both dealing and possession offenses’ advisory sentence. Also, while jail is the most common sentence placement across both periods, alternative sentencing is utilized far more often than pre-reform, indicating that penalties for drug crimes have generally decreased. This work adds to literature concerning the effects of the criminal code reform in Indiana, and may lay the groundwork for further analysis, such as the reform’s impacts on recidivism and offender rehabilitation.
Related Infographic
Oregon House Bill 3078 (2017) Report Oregon Criminal Justice Commission February 2020, 20 pp.
In the 2017 legislative session, the legislature passed, and the Governor signed House Bill 3078. Section 10 of this bill requires the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) to study the impact of this legislation on “prison utilization, recidivism, and public safety,” and to report the results annually. This report is the third annual report and first report after one full biennium of implementation. The estimated prison bed impacts of the changes attributable to HB 3078 were included in the most recent Oregon Corrections Population Forecast prepared by the Office of Economic Analysis (October 1, 2019). The estimated impact is a significant reduction in prison utilization, particularly for the female prison population. Therefore, at this time, no additional female nor male corrections facility will not be required within the 10-year window of the prison forecast.
Racial Profiling
Nebraska 2019 Traffic Stops in Nebraska Nebraska Crime Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice March 2020, 42 pp.
There were 367,778 traffic stops reported to the Nebraska Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (NCC) for 2019 from 193 law enforcement agencies. The majority of traffic stops, 63.7%, were conducted by Nebraska State Patrol (NSP) or agencies in Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy Counties. NSP conducted 30% of stops, while the Omaha Police Department (OPD0 and the Lincoln Police Department (LPD) conducted 11.5% and 11.7%, respectively. To compare traffic stop data among segments of Nebraska’s 21
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII population, researchers employed a disparity index. Based on the disparity index Black, Other and Hispanic drivers were stopped more frequently than would be expected based on their percentage of the overall population. The data also revealed that Black, American Indian/Alaskan Natives, Other, and Hispanic drivers were arrested at higher rates than White or Asian/Pacific Islander drivers. Finally, in 2019, five allegations of racial profiling were received from four agencies, at least one of which involved a search, representing a decline from the previous year.
Sexual Assault/Sex Offenders
Louisiana 2019 Sexual Assault Collection Kit and Sexually-Oriented Criminal Offenses Report Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center March 2020, 32 pp.
In 2015 the Louisiana Legislature tasked the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement with collecting information from criminal justice agencies on all sexually oriented criminal offenses and sexual assault collection kits in their jurisdictions on an annual basis. In response, the Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement created a survey to gather information relative to sexual assault collection kits and sexually oriented criminal offenses. The Louisiana Sheriffs’ Association and the Louisiana Association of Chiefs of Police assisted with the distribution of the survey.
Washington Long-Term Recidivism of Washington Sex Offenders Washington State Statistical Analysis Center February 2020, 18 pp.
Many recidivism studies in criminal justice use three- or five-year follow-up periods to assess the rate at which past offenders return to the system. A recent Bureau of Justice Statistics study called into question whether this period was sufficient to capture the full scope of recidivism, showing long-term arrest trends continuing into the ninth-year post-release from prison. In this report, the Washington Statistical Analysis Center applies this question to sex offenders, using data from the Washington State Patrol’s Criminal History Records to analyze arrests in a cohort of sex offenders over fifteen years.
Sex offenders who registered between the years 2000 and 2003 were re-arrested at a rate of over 50% by the end of the fifth year and 61% by the end of the fifteenth year. Less than a quarter of this cohort was responsible for nearly 80% of the arrests that occurred over the study period. Younger sex offenders and those with a higher risk level were re-arrested at higher rates (77% for each group), and those with the highest risk level maintained higher arrest rates through the ninth-year post-registration. While cumulative re-arrest rates continued to climb through the fifteenth year of the study, the relative risk of arrest for the sex offender cohort dropped below the public average risk (2.68% chance of arrest) by the ninth year. It is thus possible to observe continued trends in re-arrest beyond the fifth year, but the additional risk to public safety appears to vanish around the tenth.
22
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Sex Offender Supervision in Washington State and Areas for Improvement Leah Landon Washington State Statistical Analysis Center February 2020, 43 pp.
The 2017 SORNA Reallocation Grant awarded to Washington state includes a review of sex offender supervision policies and practices. This review includes all levels of supervision, including lifetime supervision, and examines the processes in place for convicted sex offenders who enter community supervision. Using a workgroup comprised of members from the Department of Corrections, and Department of Social and Health Services Special Commitment Center, we were able to identify several areas for improvement within Washington’s sex offender supervision system and recommendations for improvement.
Substance Abuse
Illinois The Administration of Naloxone by Law Enforcement Officers: A Statewide Survey of Police Chiefs in Illinois Jessica Reichert and Lauren Weisner, Illinois criminal Justice Authority Arthur Lurigio, Loyola University Chicago January 2020, pp.
The number of opioid overdose deaths has risen significantly in the United States since 2009. Naloxone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a safe and effective antidote to opioid overdose. Public support for equipping law enforcement officers (LEOs) with naloxone has increased in the past decade. The purpose of the current study was to explore the implementation of naloxone by LEOs in Illinois, where deaths from opioid overdoses increased 54% from 2014 to 2017 (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2019). In a statewide random sample of law enforcement agencies, the current research examined the nature and extent of naloxone implementation; naloxone adoption and training; and perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes toward naloxone administration. Nearly all police chiefs reported LEOs in their departments were trained to administer naloxone, and an overwhelming majority of police chiefs reported that their LEOs carry naloxone. Half of the police chiefs reported that to some extent LEOs have voiced discomfort concerning the administration of naloxone. More than three-fourths of the police chiefs reported that to some extent LEOs believed that naloxone had the potential to promote opioid misuse. The involvement of LEOs in opioid overdose reversals can further help protect the public, improve police–civilian relationships, and enhance the quality of life in communities.
Kansas Kansas Sentencing Commission’s FY 2009 – 2019 Drug Dashboard Kansas Sentencing Commission 2020
This dashboard summarizes key drug trends reported to the Kansas Sentencing Commission from FY 2009 to FY 2019. It includes state and county specific information on the number of drug cases, sentence imposed, type of drug, drug offense, drug severity level, criminal history and offender demographic data. 23
Justice Research and Statistics Association SAC Publication Digest Vol. XXXII
Wyoming Wyoming State Opioid Response: Addressing the Treatment Gap WY SAC Sor Fact Sheet Wyoming Statistical Analysis Center 2020, 2 pp.
The Wyoming Department of Health is currently receiving the State Opioid Response (SOR) grant to increase access to treatment for those affected by the opioid crisis. The grant runs from October 2018 through September 2020, providing funding and training to support providers in delivering medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and other innovative approaches related to prevention, treatment, and recovery.
24