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Major Ship Accidents: Worst Passenger Ship Accident in Peacetime

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Major Ship Accidents: Worst Passenger Ship Accident in Peacetime Important ship accidents with impact on maritime regulations (1) Accident & Α/Α Ship Resulted Legislation Basic Effect on Regulations Location Titanic 1912, sinking, Introduction of SOLAS (Passenger Contact with Convention (8 chapters), Water-tightness of bulkhead deck and 1 Ship) iceberg, N. SOLAS 1914 & SOLAS 1929 enhancement of life saving appliances Atlantic, 1532 lost, 706 survives Empress of 1914, Gulf of St. SOLAS 1929 Ireland Lawrence 2 (Passenger Collision, 1,012 Ship) lost, 465 survives Andrea Doria 1956, capsize, Strongly affected SOLAS First provisions on GZ requirements after 3 (Passenger collision, 46 lost, 1960 damage Ship) 1660 survives Heraklion 1966, opened National Legislation Introduction of ‘sail permit’ in bad weather (Ferry) side door in heavy conditions for passenger ships leaving Greek seas, Falkonera- ports 4 Milos Island/Greece, 200+ lost, 47 survives Torrey 1967, grounding, MARPOL 1973 First considerations on protection of marine Canyon Polland Rock STCW 1978 environment. Pollution by chemicals, packed 5 (Tanker) SOLAS 74: fire safety goods, sewage & garbage as well as oil & provisions for tankers. global minimum professional standards for seafarers. US,November 2015 A. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL 1 Important ship accidents with impact on maritime regulations (2) Accident & Α/Α Ship Resulted Legislation Basic Effect Location Amoco Cadiz 1978, France Amendments of SOLAS Crude oil washing (new tankers). (Tanker, grounding 1974 Protective location of Segregated Ballast 6 VLCC) Implementation of Tanks (SBT). Requirements on main MARPOL 1978 Protocol steering gear & gear control systems. European 1982, Amendments of SOLAS Requirements on watertight doors. Gateway Harwick First considerations for 7 (RoRo collision ISM Code Passenger) Herald of Free 1987, open IMO A 647 (16), Enhanced damage stability criteria - Enterprise bow visor, 1989 SOLAS Amend. Watertight closure provisions 8 (RoRo Zeebrugge (Ch.II-1): SOLAS 90 Damage prevention & control Passenger) 193 lost Introduction of ISM Code & FSA framework. Scandinavia 1988, fire Safety Management Fire safety standards Star (RoRo Norway- System, Norway Fire protection of new passenger ships 9 Passenger) Denmark, ISM Code & STCW 157 lost 1995Amendments SOLAS 1992 Exxon Valdez 1989, Alaska Oil Pollution Act, USA First regional agreement concerning the 10 (Τanker) ran aground (OPA 90) protection of US coast. MARPOL Vessel Emergency Response Plan (ERP). US,November 2015 A. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL 2 Important ship accidents with impact on maritime regulations (3) Accident & Α/Α Ship Resulted Legislation Basic Effect Location Bulk Carriers Various SOLAS Ch. XII (1997) Reinforcement of hatch covers, cargo holds No. Lost early 1990 accidents in N. 1 & 2, forecastle region. and earlier loss Atlantic, China 11 of Derbyshire Sea, Japan (1981) Sea, heavy weather Estonia (RoRo 1994, NASF ISM Code Enhanced damage stability for North European Passenger) bow visor, SOLAS Amendments (Ch. II-1, Waters [Stockholm Regional Agreement]. 12 Baltic Sea SOLAS 95] Compartment standard related to the # of Stockholm Agreement passengers. Enhanced research on RoPax damage survivability (WOD). Erika (Tanker) 1999, France New, accelerated phase-out NASF schedule for single-hull tankers 13 Revision of Reg. 13G of MARPOL 73/78 Express 2000, Greece EU Directive 2003/25/EC Extension of Stockholm Regional Agreement to 14 Samina (RoRo grounding South Europe Passenger) Prestige 2002, Spain European Union: Regulation Accelerated compliance of existing ships with (Tanker) NASF 1726/2003 revised MARPOL 73/78. Amendments to Regulation 13G 15 Regulation 13H to Annex I of MARPOLA. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL US, November 2015 3 Important accidents: cruise ship Sea Diamond Sea Diamond (2007): grounding in Santorin Island-Greece Length: 142,95 m, Breadth: 24,70 m, Draught: 6,15 m 10 decks, maximum 1355 guests in 570 cabins, Ship sank 16 hrs after grounding, 2 missing US, November 2015 A. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL 4 Important accidents: cruise ship Costa Concordia Costa Concordia (2012): grounding, 32 lost lives On January 13, 2012, Costa Concordia hit a rock off the coast of Giglio, an island on Italy's Tuscan coast. Several hours later, the ship capsized under the cover of night. Before then, more than 4,000 passengers and crew were able to abandon ship, though by all accounts under chaotic circumstances. Ship Type: Passengers ship Year Built: 2006 Length x Breadth: 291 m X 38 m US, Nov 2015 A. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL 5 Major ship accidents: Worst passenger ship accident in peacetime Dona Paz (20th Dec, 1987) of Philippines: collision with tanker VECTOR in the Tables Strait (Philippines) causing fire and sinking, 4,341 lost lives, 24 (Dona Paz)+2 (VECTOR) survivors US, Nov 2015 A. Papanikolaou, NTUA-SDL 6 .
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