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Typical Brake Disc and Brake Pad Damage Patterns and Their Root Causes
Typical brake disc and brake pad damage patterns and their root causes www.meyle.com Good brakes save lives! The consequences of choosing the wrong or low-grade brake parts can be dramatic. Only use the brake components specified for the given vehicle application. Brake system repairs may only be performed by skilled and trained personnel. Adhere to the vehicle or brake manufacturer‘s specifications at all times. MEYLE Platinum Disc: When installing new brake components, observe the All-new finish. No degreasing. following: Fit and go. > Always replace brake pads along with brake discs. > Always replace all brake discs and pads per axle. All MEYLE brake discs come as ready-to-mount assemblies, most of > Be careful to bed in new brake discs and pads properly. them featuring the locating screw. They do not require degreasing > Avoid unnecessary heavy braking on the first 200 kilometres. and are resistant to rim cleaners. Cutting-edge paint technology > Brake performance may be lower on the first 200 driven made in Germany provides MEYLE Platinum Discs with long-term kilometres. anti-corrosion protection while adding a brilliant appearance. Further refinement of the tried-and-tested MEYLE finish has led to Check for functional reliability after installation: environmentally-friendly production processes. > Pump brake pedal until it becomes stiff. > Pedal travel must not vary at constant pedal load after pedal has MEYLE Platinum Discs – the safety solution engineered by one been depressed several times. of the industry‘s leading experts in coated brake discs. > Check wheels for free rotation. > Check brake fluid level in expansion tank and top up, if required. -
Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’S Manual (For Aftermarket Application)
Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’s Manual (For Aftermarket Application) Electric to Hydraulic Disc Brake Conversion Installation and Owner’s Manual (For Aftermarket Applications) Table of Contents Introduction Introduction �������������������������������������������� 1 Document Information ................................. 1 Document Information Trailer Axle Brake Inspection .......................... 1 The hydraulic disc brake assembly and kits are an Safety Information ..................................... 2 additional option for replacement brakes or the installation Resources Required ................................... 2 of current industry standards in braking. Parts List ................................................ 3 Trailer Axle Brake Inspection Installation .............................................. 3 In general, based on normal activity, trailer brakes should Mount Hydraulic Brake Actuator ....................... 3 be checked annually or every 36,000 miles, whichever Electric Brake Hubs Removal .......................... 4 comes first. If above normal trailer activity is experienced, Brake Hub Removal ................................... 4 then more frequent brake component inspections are Hydraulic Disc Brake Preparation ...................... 6 Disc Brake Assembly Installation ...................... 6 recommended. In the event the braking system encounters Inner Bearing Cone and Grease Seal Installation ..... 7 symptoms of improper application or failure, immediate New Seal Installation -
Royal-Enfield-Classic
about seventy on freeways…at least you won’t be getting any speeding tickets. Weighing in at 425 lbs. with a 3.56 gal- lon tank and claimed 75 mpg, the Classic 500 puts others to shame in the mileage depart- ment. Anyone looking for the fastest, most comfortable, best handling, best braking motor- cycle should look elsewhere, that’s not what the Classic or Bullet is about. Riding the wave of ‘new vintage’ motor- cycles, Royal Enfield hits the mark dead center. This is a commuter bike that not only gets the job done respectably, it will steal the attention from motorcycles three times its price. Gawkers commented on the impec- cable restoration job or que- ried its history and lineage. Royal Enfield’s reek retro cool without the stench of costly maintenance and exorbitant prices of actual vintage. At $5,499.00 what’s not to like! I just bought a vintage Bullet on eBay that will be prominently displayed in my living room. Royal Enfield also revealed an all new Interceptor 650 and the Continental GT 650 will be released this year. Both bikes share the same steel tube chassis and an all-new air- cooled 650cc parallel making them more highway-friendly By Koz Mraz malayan Roadrunners. They are the and faster. The 2018 Royal Photos by Koz & Gabrielle Romanello very first company to offer such trips Enfield Interceptor 650 is a ENGINE: thirty years ago. See “Motorcycling standard bike with an upright Type: Single Cylinder, 4-Stroke, Spark Ignition, Air-Cooled, Fuel Injection Rebirthing classic styling is very the Himalayas” in this issue. -
Ceramic Disc Brake Were Developed and Tested by Porsche for Their Model Porsche 911Turbo in 1990
1.1 INTRODUCTION One of the most important control systems of an automobile is Brake system. They are required to stop the vehicle within the smallest possible distance and it is done by converting kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat energy which is dissipated into atmosphere. The main requirements of brakes are given below:- The brakes must be strong enough to stop the vehicle within the minimum possible distance in an emergency. But this should also be consistent with safety. The driver must have a proper control over the vehicle during emergency braking and the vehicle must not skid. The brakes must have good antifade characteristics and their effectiveness should not decrease with constant prolonged application. The actual stopping distance of vehicle while braking depends on the following factors:- 1. Vehicle speed 2. Condition of the road surface 3. Condition of tyre 4. Coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface 5. Coefficient of friction between the brake drum/disc and brake lining pad 6. Braking force applied by the driver 1.2 HISTORY Disc-style brakes development and use began in England in the 1890s. The first caliper-type automobile disc brake was patented by Frederick William Lanchester in his Birmingham, UK factory in 1902 and used successfully on Lanchester cars. However, the limited choice of metals in this period meant that it had to use copper as the braking medium acting on the disc. The poor state of the roads at this time, no more than dusty, rough tracks, meant that the copper wore quickly making the disc brake system non- viable. -
Developing Material Requirements for Automotive Brake Disc
ISSN: 2692-5397 DOI: 10.33552/MCMS.2020.02.000531 Modern Concepts in Material Science Mini Review Copyright © All rights are reserved by Samuel A Awe Developing Material Requirements for Automotive Brake Disc Samuel A Awe* R & D Department, Automotive Components Floby AB, Sweden *Corresponding author: Samuel A Awe, R&D Department, Automotive Components Received Date: November 12, 2019 Floby AB, Aspenäsgatan 2, SE-521 51 Floby, Sweden. Published Date: November 15, 2019 Abstract As electric vehicles are becoming more popular in society and several regulations concerning vehicle safety and performance as well as particulate matter emissions reduction are progressively becoming stringent, the author opines that these determinants would shape future automotive brake discs development. This mini-review highlights some of the essential parameters that would contribute to the next brake disc design and development and discusses how these factors will govern the choice of brake disc material in the coming years. Keywords: Automotive vehicle; Brake system; Brake discs; Particle emissions; Lightweight; Regulations; Corrosion; Electric cars Introduction weak corrosion resistance, heavyweight and weak wear resistance The automotive vehicle has transformed and will continue to are some of the drawbacks of grey cast iron as brake disc material. change human’s mobility in the future. To ensure the safety of lives Nonetheless, the functional requirements for automotive brake and properties, the braking system, which is a crucial component discs nowadays are becoming stricter, prompted by the stringent of an automobile plays an essential role in the safe drive of a car. regulations to reduce vehicle emissions, the emergence of electric The primary function of automotive friction brakes is to generate vehicles, demands to improve vehicle safety and performance, and a braking torque that decelerates the vehicle’s wheel and therefore the desire to enhance the driving experience of cars. -
Inspection and Test Procedures for Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA)
Inspection and Test Procedures for Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA) Page 1 of 157 IVA rev.1 Table of Contents Page Page No. No. Foreword 3 29. Reversing lamps 78 Non-European and Other Acceptable 4 30. Parking lamps 78 Standards 1. Sound Levels 8 31. Seat belts and Restraint Systems 88 2. Emissions 9 32. Forward vision 91 3. Fuel tanks and rear protective devices 11 33. Identification of controls 92 4. Rear registration plate space 14 34. Defrost / Demist 95 5. Steering effort 15 35. Wash / wipe 96 6. Door latches and hinges 16 36. Heating systems 97 7. Audible warning 17 37. Wheel guards 101 8. Indirect Vision 18 38. Head restraints 104 9. Braking 28 39. CO2 emissions / fuel consumption 105 10. Suppression (radio) EMC 39 40. Engine power 106 11.Diesel smoke 40 41. Diesel emissions 107 12. Interior fittings 41 42. Lateral protection 108 13. Anti-theft and immobiliser 42 43. Spray-suppression systems 111 14. Protective steering 46 44. Masses and dimensions (cars) 120 15. Seat Strength 50 45. Safety glass 121 16. Exterior projections 53 46. Tyres 122 17. Speedometer and reverse gear 63 47. Speed limiters 125 18. Plates (statutory) 64 48. Masses and dimensions (other than vehicles 126 referred to in item 44) 19. Seat belt anchorages 65 49. External projections of cabs 132 20. Installation of lighting and light 78 50. Couplings 136 signalling devices 21. Retro reflectors 78 51. Flammability 139 22. End-outline, front-position (side), rear- 78 52. Buses and coaches 140 position (side), stop, side marker, daytime running lamps 23. -
Cruise Control
Cruise Control Cruise Control System FAQ Home Volvo Maintenance FAQ for 7xx/9xx/90 Cars Cruise Control Won't Work or Incorrectly Disengages/Re- engages: Diagnostics Cruise Control Surges: Worn Servo Cruise Control Onboard Diagnostic Codes Cruise Control Installation Instructions for 740 Cars Cruise Control Won't Work or Incorrectly Disengages/Re-engages Vacuum Diagnostics: Basic Diagnostics. My cruise control stopped functioning. Where do I start? [Jay Simkin] When cruise control malfunctions: (a) vacuum pump and cruise control module not likely to be a source of trouble; (b) throttle servo (black rubber bellows) and vacuum lines merit a quick look; (c) turn signal wiring and cruise control switches on the turn signal stalk should be checked first, as it is easy to access. [Vladimir Ferdman] 1. Check the vacuum system integrity first. If this checks out proceed to 2. Otherwise find the source of a leak in the vacuum system. Mine was in the brake pedal switch, which I guess is common. I found my vacuum pedal switch/valve to not hold vacuum. 2. Perform OBD tests regarding the cruise control. The OBD system is very good and will often pinpoint the problem. 3. If all the above checks out good, then test the vacuum pump. 4. A very last resort is to question the control module, but these rarely fail. Vacuum Servo Diaphragm Bellows and Lines. [John Randstrom] I have found that the vacuum servo diaphram that pulls the throttle open can spring a leak. I usually check these first, along with all of the electrical connections and vacuum lines and valves that are mounted to the brake and clutch pedal brackets. -
“Advancement in Automobile Brakes”
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 4 Ver. VII (Jul- Aug. 2014), PP 24-27 www.iosrjournals.org “Advancement in Automobile Brakes” 1.D.Giftson Felix, 2.L.Abishag sam, 3.Dr.G.Sivakumar Department Of Mechanical Engineering. Panimalar Engineering College. Chennai-123 Abstract: Need of mobility all across the world is increasing exponentially. This is also an important prerequisite for the progress of modern society. In the past, automobile has played a crucial role and shall continue to play a dominant role in the progress of society. The demand of automobiles is increasing rapidly especially in the countries like China, India, Brazil and Korea. The rising economies of these countries will further increase the demand of automobiles. In order to achieve safety, comfort and environment friendliness, automobile companies are investing heavily in research and development. More and more vehicles are being equipped with many Automatic braking systems. These systems intend to help the driver avoid or mitigate accidents by automatically applying the brakes prior to an accident. Initially only rear-end collision were addressed but over time more accident types are incorporated and brakes are applied earlier and stronger, in order to improve the braking a new method is described in this paper. Keywords: Profiled Tires, Profiled Brake pad I. Introduction Driven by a growing demand for fuel efficiency, combined with strict automotive standards for safety, durability and noise, as represented by the new EU tire label, automotive tire manufacturers are continuously seeking to create better and more ecological tires. -
Transit Bus Air Disc Brake Wheels-Off Inspection and Reline
APTA STANDARDS DEVEL OPMENT PROGRAM APTA BTS-BC-RP-007-17 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Published: January 26, 2017 American Public Transportation Association APTA Bus Brake Working Group 1300 I Street, NW, Suite 1200 East, Washington, DC 20006 Transit Bus Air Disc Brake Wheels-Off Inspection and Reline Abstract: This Recommended Practice provides guidelines for performing complete brake maintenance on a bus with disc brakes. It includes disassembly, cleaning, inspection and assembly. This document is to be used in conjunction with the manufacturer’s service manual. It is recommended that all components be replaced equally on both wheel ends of the axle. Failure to do so may affect braking performance. Keywords: ABS tone ring, boot, bridge, bushing, caliper, carrier, disc, disc brake maintenance, hub, pads, pin, potentiometers, retaining strap, rotor, seal, slide pins, spring clips, torque plate, wear indicator, wear sensors, wheel seals Summary: This document establishes a recommended practice for transit bus front/rear axle disc brake inspection and reline. Individual operating agencies should modify these guidelines to accommodate their specific equipment and mode of operation. The recommended practices and guidelines in this document assume that the end users have sufficient skills and knowledge to repair and maintain the related systems at a journeyman level. This must include a fluent understanding of safe shop working practices, not only for the agency but also OSHA/CCOHS/provincial/federal/state and local safety standards. A familiarity with applicable industries, component/system suppliers and vehicle manufacturers is also assumed. Scope and purpose: This Recommended Practice provides guidelines for disassembly, preparation, inspection and reassembly of the typical heavy-duty transit bus disc brake. -
Bendix® Adb22x™ Air Disc Brake Recall Repair Kit
BENDIX® ADB22X™ AIR DISC BRAKE RECALL REPAIR KIT 4 Spring Brake Label Location Chamber 4 2 3 2 Carrier Caliper Bendix ADB22X Air Disc Brake Carrier 1 Vertical Style Bendix® ADB22X™ Air Disc Brake Axial Style Kits are vehicle/application specific. Do not install this kit unless it is for the intended application. Kit Contents Item Recall Kit Part Numbers No. Description Qty. Part No. Application 1 Caliper/Carrier Assembly 1 K191727 Axial Caliper Kit, Blue Bird® 2 Mounting Bolts 6 K191735SC Axial Caliper Kit, Navistar® 3 Washers (Axial Style Only) 6 K191738 Axial Caliper Kit, Thomas Built® 4 Chamber Mounting Nuts 2 K191740 Vertical Caliper Kit, Thomas Built Figure 1 – Bendix® ADB22X™ Air Disc Brake Recall Repair Kit GENERAL This instruction sheet is intended to provide the necessary are installed on the left (driver’s side) rear axle of a school information to service the Bendix® ADB22X™ Air Disc Brake bus. This kit contains the components shown in Figure caliper/carrier assembly in connection with recall campaign 1. All of the kit contents must be used for the installation. number 19E030. This campaign applies only to ADB22X Do not reuse the removed hardware (Items 2 through 4). brake assemblies that were manufactured between January 01, 2009 and November 27, 2018, inclusive and 1 GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES WARNING! PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH: When working on or around a vehicle, the following guidelines should be observed AT ALL TIMES: ▲P ark the vehicle on a level surface, apply the parking brakes and always block the wheels. -
Low Volume Vehicle Standard 35-00(00) (Braking Systems)
LVVTA Low Volume Vehicle Standard 35-00(02) (Braking Systems) Page 1 of 26 Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association Incorporated Low Volume Vehicle Standard 35-00(02) (Braking Systems) This Low Volume Vehicle Standard corresponds with: Land Transport Rule 32014 (Light Vehicle Brakes) 2nd Amendment – effective from: 25 October 2016 Signed in accordance with clause 1.5 of the Low Volume Vehicle Code, on…………………………………………………by: on behalf of the New Zealand Transport Agency: on behalf on the Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association(Inc): …………………………………………………………………….……………………………… ……………………….…………………………………………………………………… LVV Standard 35-40 Amendment Record: No: Detail of amendments: Version: Issue date: Effect date: 1 Initial issue – original version 35-00(00) 1 December 2000 1 December 2000 2 1st Amendment 35-00(01) 1 July 2016 1 July 2016 3 2nd Amendment 35-00(02) 25 October 2016 25 October 2016 4 5 Note that highlighted text shows amendments that have been made subsequent to the document’s previous issue, and a grey vertical stroke to the left of the text denotes information that is of a technical (rather than a formatting) nature. © Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association (Inc.) October 2016 LVVTA Low Volume Vehicle Standard 35-00(02) (Braking Systems) Page 2 of 26 Overview Background The Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association Incorporated (LVVTA) represents ten specialist automotive groups who are dedicated to ensuring that vehicles, when scratch-built or modified, meet the highest practicable safety standards. The information in these standards has stemmed from work undertaken by LVVTA founding member organisations that commenced prior to 1990 and has been progressively developed as an integral part of NZ Government safety rules and regulations by agreement and in consultation with the New Zealand Transport Agency. -
Assignment 6 Disc Brake Service Name(S) ______
Assign_6_disc_brake Assignment 6 Disc Brake Service Name(s) _________________________________________________ BE SURE TO SAVE THIS FILE before, during and after completing your work. (Hint – if you write your name, then save and close this, your name will still appear when you re-open the file) Questions #1 – 19 can be answered after studying the information in Chapter 12 of Automotive Chassis Systems by James Halderman 1) Why are disc brakes superior to drum brakes? 2) Explain how disc brakes are self-adjusting. (pg196) 3) Disc brake calipers do not use any type of return spring. How do caliper pistons release pressure on the pads when the brake pedal is released? (see figure 12-5) 4) Brake noise (squeaking or squealing) is a problem with disc brakes. What causes disc brakes to be noisy? 5) List at least 4 methods that are commonly used to prevent disc brake noise. Page 1 of 6 6) Explain how a mechanical pad wear indicator (often called a squealer) operates. 7) Some vehicles have an electrode for the disc brake pad wear indicator. How does it work? 8) Explain the advantages and dis-advantages of Semimetallic disc brake pad materials. 9) Explain the advantages and dis-advantages of NonAsbestos brake pad materials. 10) What type of disc brake pad material should you use for any vehicle? (ask in class if you are not sure of this answer) 11) What does an SAE brake pad Edge Code tell you? 12) What is the difference between a solid and a vented rotor? 13) What is the difference between a fixed and floating caliper? 14) Why do high performance and many European vehicles use fixed calipers? Page 2 of 6 15) What is the difference between Floating and Sliding calipers? 16) If you are replacing brake pads on a Floating caliper – but not replacing the caliper, what caliper parts should you replace along with the brake pads? 17) Both floating and sliding calipers require lubrication during brake service.