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Toronto Torah Beit Midrash Zichron Dov בס“ד Toronto Torah Beit Midrash Zichron Dov Parshat Tetzaveh Adar I 8, 5771/Feb 12, 2011 Vol.2 Num. 24 Stepping up to Leadership R’ Azarya Berzon THE CHIEF ARCHITECT in the design the sketches and supervise the learn and to teach ..." It is not sufficient construction of the Mishkan in the work. Hashem said to Moshe, who to learn ourselves. The Torah insists desert was a brilliant young artist by repeated the words to the people, "See! that we share our knowledge with the name of Bezalel. We are told in There is Bezalel who is qualified to others. Parshat Tetzaveh, "See, I have called by perform this task to perfection. He is Unfortunately, numerous people are the name: Bezalel son of Uri, son of endowed with the gifts of brilliance and either unaware of their special skills or Hur, of the tribe of Yehuda; I have filled genius. Get him to undertake this effort, are willing to let them go to waste. him with a G-dly spirit, with wisdom, and success is assured." The extra word, Chazal in the Mishnah, after insight, and knowledge, and with Rav Feinstein maintains, teaches that the complimenting those who complied every craft to weave designs, to work learning of a scholar, the wisdom of the with the aforementioned duty, with gold, silver, and sage, the qualities of leadership of an criticized severely a number of copper ." (Shemot 31:2-4). individual, are special gifts of G-d that talented people of their day for The Meforshim on the Torah were must not be permitted to go to waste, refusing to transmit their special perplexed by the addition of the word but must be used by the recipient of knowledge and skill to others. "The see. It would seem that the sentence these blessings, letovat haklal, for the following are mentioned for derision: would have been complete without that good and welfare of the community. the family of Gormo who did not want word. The following explanation was This thought is stated clearly and to teach how to make the show-bread; offered by HaRav Moshe Feinstein succinctly in the verse. "And He put in the family of Antinas who did not teach zatzal. He said that this word teaches his (Bezalel's) heart that he may how to make the incense; Hagoras, son that when a person is blessed by the teach ..." (Shemot 35:34). The Torah of Levi, who knew how to chant and did Almighty with special talents and stresses the idea that a human being is a not want to teach ..." (Yoma 38a). abilities, he should not waste them or messenger and a tool of the Eternal The trouble is when those who are put them to selfish ends, but should One; that his talents and personal qualified to teach, build and lead, employ them in the service of G-d and charms do not belong to him alone, but refuse to be involved, and those who his fellow man. When Hashem were given him to be shared with are unqualified because of lack of commanded Moshe Rabbeinu to build others. knowledge and deficiency in the Mishkan as a meeting place for the Before reciting the Shma each morning character, take over. Nature abhors a Jewish people and their Creator, and we repeat the moving prayer Ahavah vacuum not only in the physical but outlined the intricate designs and rare Rabbah, in which we plead, "Give also in the spiritual and intellectual fabrics and materials that had to be understanding and discernment in our spheres. When the best people do not used, the challenge was to find the hearts that we may hearken to all the enter the rabbinical or teaching right person to formulate the plans, words of Thy Torah, lilmod ulelamed, to professions and choose to pursue more lucrative and secure fields of work, Parshah Questions David Teller then weak men--both in scholarship and dedication-- will take their place Answers are provided on the back page. and bring lackluster and ruin to their What is the meaning and symbolism of “shemen zayit zach katit lama’or - pure people. olive oil, crushed for illumination (27:20)”? Fortunate is the nation that is blessed (Rashi, Berachot 57a, Horayot 13b) with gifted sons and daughters who Why does Hashem instruct Moshe to bring Aharon and his sons close to him know what they are qualified to do, and when appointing them to the kehunah (28:1)? are willing to dedicate their talents to (Ibn Ezra, Or HaChaim, Kli Yakar) the service of their people and their What can we learn from the sound of the bells on the bottom of the kohen gadol’s Faith. The Jewish community will not me’il (28:35)? remain leaderless if the Bezalels and (Rashbam) Aholiavs will do that which they are For children: Name four garments that the kohen gadol wore in addition to the most qualified to do. garments of a regular kohen. [email protected] To sponsor a Toronto Torah in memory or in honour of a loved one for $180, please email [email protected] or call 416-781-1777. הגנבת וגם תרמת? איתמר זולברא התורם הגדול הגיע לישיבה , מיותר לומר באיזה בעיה בהגדרה זו . הגמרא בפסחים ) לה ע " א ( אומרת סע' כא( מסייג את הדין. כבוד הוא התקבל שם . לאחר תקופה ארוכה של שאדם יוצא ידי חובה במצת דמאי ) שספק אם הגה : אסור לעשות מאתנן זונה או מחיר כלב בנייה, סוף סוף נשלמה העבודה והיכל הישיבה עומד הופרשו ממנה מעשרות(, לפי הכלל של הירושלמי, יש ) דברים כג , יט ( דבר של מצוה , כגון בהכ " נ או על תילו . בחגיגיות רבה נחשף הפלאק ובו שמו של בעיה בגוף המצה ) בחפצא ( ולכאורה אין ראוי ס"ת; ודוקא מהאתנן עצמה , אבל אם נתנו לה התורם. להכשיר ? הרמב " ן בחידושיו ) פסחים לה ע " ב ( מעלה מעות באתנן, מותר לקנות בהן דבר מצוה. מה רבה הייתה הבושה כשאשר למחרת טקס חנוכת הצעה להסבר: אנו רואים כי הרמ " א פוסק כי גם אם החפץ עצמו היכל הישיבה התברר כי התורם הגדול גנב כספים רבינו ז " ל שכתב בתחלת המשנה יוצאין בדמאי אסור הרי שכסף הוא סיפור אחר לגמרי , כסף איננו מעשרות לקוחותיו, תרומתו לישיבה באה אולי כדי לא הקפיד עליה וצ " ע משום מצווה הבאה נחשב כחפץ ועל כן אין בעיה להביאו כנדבה לבית להעלים את עקבותיו , או שמא כדי להשקיט את בעבירה ולא מצאתי כן אלא בגזלה , והכי משמע הכנסת , גם אם הושג בדרכים מפוקפקות ) ובודאי המצפון . מכל מקום בהיכל הישיבה עמד לו השלט הכא בגמ'. שמדובר באותן מטבעות וכל שכן אם אילו אינן החגיגי כלועג לכל העשוקים נפגעי "התורם הגדול". מצווה הבאה בעבירה הינה דין מיוחד של גזל אותן מטבעות(. לצערינו, פעמים רבות יהודים שעושים מעשי עוולה במאמר הפסוק " כ י א נ י ה ' . ש ו נ א ג ז ל לגבי קבלת צדקה מגזלן יש לנו תשובה מהנודע חושבים כי המעשר " יכשיר את השרץ " וישקיט את בעולה " ) ישעיהו סא , ח ( לקב " ה יש בעיה נקודתית ביהודה )מהדורה תנינא יו"ד, קנח( מצפונם . האם מותר לקבל את הכסף הגזול עם גזל ולכן העניין של " מצוה הבאה " קיים רק מכתבו קבלתי. וע"ד השאלה אשר שאל אשתקד כתרומה ? האם יש כאן בחינה של " מצווה הבאה כאשר העבירה היא גזל. חשוב לציין שהרמב " ן עצמו אשה שיודעת שבעלה מקמץ בנתינת צדקה ואינו בעבירה"? לא היה מרוצה עם התשובה הזו ועובר לפתרון טכני נותן לפי ערכו והיא נו"נ תוך הבית והיא מחלקת הגמרא בסוכה דנה במקרה של לולב גזול )כט:- ל.( במקום להגדיר את הדין של מצוה הבאה בעבירה. צדקות לפי העושר ויודעת שבעלה מקפיד אם גזול , בשלמא יום טוב ראשון , דכתיב ' לכם ' – רבנו דוד בונפיל , תלמיד של הרמב " ן , מבין את הדין מותר לקבל ממנה : יפה הורה מעלתו ח " ו לקבל משלכם , אלא ביום טוב שני אמאי לא ? אמר אחרת: ממנה והוא גזל גמור ... וזה שחלק עליו והורה רבי יוחנן משום רבי שמעון בן יוחי : משום אין דין מצווה הבאה בעבירה אלא לעניין קרבן , להתיר מחזיק ידי עוברי עבירה וכל דבריו אינם דהוה ליה מצוה הבאה בעבירה , שנאמר כעניין שכתוב ' שונא גזל בעולה ' ) ישעיהו ס " א , ראוים להשיב על דברי בטלה כאלה. ' וַהֲבֵאתֶ םגָזּול תוְאֶ הַפִּסֵחַ וְאֶ ת הַ חוֹלֶה ' ) מלאכי ח ( , שאין קטיגור נעשה סניגור . ודין לולב כדין הנודע ביהודה אומר שיש איסור לקבל צדקה מגזלן, א ', יג (: ' גזול ' דמיא ד ' פִּ סח ', מה פִּ סח לית ליה קרבן, שאף הוא בא להרצות וכעין קרבן הוא. אפילו בנסיבות שבהן היה ראוי להוציא את הכסף תקנתא – אף גזול לית ליה תקנתא , לא שנא רבנו דוד שם דגש שונה מרבו, הרמב " ן , בתוך הפסוק מאותו אדם , כיוון שבית דין יכולים לכפות על לפני יאוש ולא שנא לאחר יאוש . בשלמא לפני " שונא גזל בעולה ". בעוד שהרמב " ן שם דגש על הצדקה , ובכל זאת יש איסור לחזק ידי עוברי יאוש – ' אדם כי יקריב מכם ' ) ויקרא א ', ב ( המילה " גזל " תלמידו שם את הדגש על " עולה ". עבירה, אפילו למטרות צדקה . מדבריו ניכר שלא זו אמר רחמנא , ולאו דידיה הוא ; אלא לאחר מטרת הלולב הינה דומה למטרת הקרבן ) ע " פ בלבד שאסור לתורם להשתמש בכסף גזול אלא יש יאוש – הא קנייה ביאוש ! אלא לאו , משום הגמרא במסכת תענית ( ולכן זהו דין מיוחד לקרבן איסור אף על גבאי הצדקה לקבל כסף שכזה. דהוה ליה מצוה הבאה בעבירה ולולב. אך האם תמיד יש איסור לתת כסף גזול לצדקה ? החיוב של התורה להשתמש בלולב שאינו גזול נלמד עד כה דננו בסוגיא של מצוה הבאה בעבירה כדי חז"ל ) ב " ק דף קח ע " ב ( מנחים אותנו שבמקרה של עבור היום הראשון כחלק מדין כללי , אך ברור לראות האם ראוי שאדם יתן תרומה מתוך כספי גזל. גזל שאין למי להשיבו ) כגוון שאינו יודע ממי גזל לגמרא כי האיסור להשתמש בלולב גזול איננו מוגבל מתוך דברי הרמב " ן אנו לומדים כי גזל נמצא וכדו ' ( יש לתרום את הכסף לצדקה .
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