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Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Moe from the Ori Inal Document DOCUMENT RESUME ED 461 347 HE 034 628 AUTHOR Valimaa, Jussi, Ed. TITLE Finnish Higher Education in Transition: Perspectives on Massification and Globalisation. INSTITUTION Jyvaskyla Univ.(Finland). Inst. for Educational Research. ISBN ISBN-951-39-1133-0 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 226p. AVAILABLE FROM Institute for Educational Research, Customer Services, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland (23.55 Euro) .Tel: +358 14 260 3220; Fax: +358 14 260 3241; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.jyu.fi/kt1/. PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Educational Change; *Educational Trends; Foreign Countries; *Higher Education IDENTIFIERS Finland; Globalization ABSTRACT This book discusseS recent changes in Finnish higher education, pinpointing the changes and analyzing what they mean. The chapters are: (1) "GeoPolitical and Cultural Coordinates for Finnish History" (Jussi Valimaa); (2) "A Historical Introduction to Finnish Higher Education" (Jussi Valimaa); (3) "Analysing Massification and Globalisation" (Jussi Valimaa); (4) "Reflections on the Modern Mass University and the Question of the Autonomy of Thinking" (Eeva Kallio); (5) "Going to School at University?" (Sanna Honkimaki); (6) "Academic Life and the Pressure of Massification" (Helena Aittola) ; (7) "Doctoral Studies in the 1990s: From Elite to Mass Training?" (Pentii Maatta); (8) "The Open University in a Massifying Higher Education System" (Ellen Piesanen); (9) "Strategic Flow and Finnish Universities" (Jussi Valimaa and Hannu Jalkanen) ;and (10)"Discussion: Finnish Higher Education Faces Massification and Globalisation" (Valimaa, Aittola, Honkimaki, Jalkanen, Kallio, Maatta, and Piesanen) . A Finnish Summary is also included. (EV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be mOe from the ori inal document. Utsjoki Kaamanen Kilpisjörvi 0 / Sa.4iiiejAt L ()Kemijorvi COCUM7.7 MVO 117111PITIMI-: ROVAIEMI .771.41, cg cati-ar=rs=. U.S. DEPARTMENT OFEDUCATION PeiVettivet;.:0. Office of Educational Researchand Improvement 0 '1,--,--..---,--_,-r' EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATIO Massificatiori CENTER (ERIC) Tornio 6-1r:document has been reproduced as organization nd GiJobaIisàtip Kemi received from the person or originating it. O Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproduction quality. OULU Points of view or opinionsstated in this document do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position or policy. Oulujörvi 0 Oulainen 0 Kajaani Haapavesi Ylivieska \Kokkola 0 Haapajarvi PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE 0 Pieta rsa ori AND 'EUusiRaarIepyy Runni0OlisaImi 0 Nurmes DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIALHAS BEEN GRANTED BY Rautavaara 0 Lieksa V/?,, AtSA eKa 'ova 0 Juankoski li-KcoeA Ilmajo 0 Seirta Katttuki: KUOPIO Jurya Tarvaalal) 'OhI/7,1,,011tOkuinPUO-bill4su TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AStori S I ht °""yes4 0Kauhajoki Pieksombki INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) JYVASKYLA0 +Varkaus 1 Virrat 5)Kit CL,Korpilahti OSavonlina Korkeakoski C\ QKankaanptiki Mikkeli ()Pori 0 TAMPERE 0 Harjavalto 0Huittinen LepaaeLammi OE" eVierumaki matra Raum a Hameenlinna 0Lahtja,,C:KHa:in°anIkoski RANJA Uusikaupunki3 Loimaa a Forssa 0`-'Mustialo Wastola0Ko`i,Dvola fr Myneuntiki Riihimaki 0 eElimaki,---,_ c Hyvinkda Soo renta us Raisio TURKU Piikkiä Salo Jarverea Kotka LohjaQ Vanrargv,a Siuntio Ate V .....Korppo a Kirkkonummi 01,100 0 0 Ct Kauniainen Espoo Kaarina Hanko , \ OTANIEMI Parainen Tammisaari Karjaa Finnish Higher Education in Transition Finnish Higher Education in Transition Perspectives on Massification and Globalisation Jussi Valimaa (Ed.) )( INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF JYVASKYLA 4 THIS PUBLICATION CAN BE OBTAINED FROM: Institute for Educational Research Customer services University of Jyvaskyla PO. Box 35 FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland Phone +358 14 260 3220 Fax +358 14 2603241, E-mail: [email protected] www: http://www.jyuli/kt1/ © Authors and Institute for Educational Research University ofJyvaskyla Cover and graphic design: Martti Minkkinen Layout: Kaija Mannström ISBN 951-39-1133-0 Printed by University Printing House ER-paino Ky (covers) Jyväskyla 2001 Introductionto the Book and its Themes 3 Jussi Valimaa Chapter 1 Geo Political and Cultural Coordinates for Finnish History 7 Jussi Valimaa Chapter 2 A Historical Introduction to Finnish Higher Education 13 Jussi Valimaa Chapter 3 Analysing Massification and Globalisation 55 Jussi Vet limaa Chapter 4 Reflections on the Modern Mass University and the Question of the Autonomy of Thinking 73 Eeva Kallio Chapter 5 Going to School at University? 91 Sanna Honkirnaki Chapter 6 Academic Life and the Pressure of Massification 111 Helena Aittola Chapter 7 Doctoral Studies in the 1990s: From Elite to Mass Training? 139 Pentti Meitittei Chapter 8 The Open University in a Massifying Higher Education System .. 157 Ellen Piesanen Chapter 9 Strategic Flow and Finnish Universities 185 Jussi Välimaa & Hannu Jalkanen Chapter 10 Discussion: Finnish Higher Education Faces Massification and Globalisation 203 Välimaa, Aittola, Honkimiiki, Jalkanen, Kallio, Madttii, Piesanen Finnish Summary/suomenkielinen yhteenveto 223 6 JUSSI VALIMAA Introduction to the Book and its Themes When writing a book an author normally asks, who will be my reader? By contrast, a reader of the book often asks: whyhas this book been written? In the case of the present book, the first question is easily answered. We have written the book with an international readership in mind,hoping to meet the needs of an audience who would like to acquaint themselves with the basic historical contexts of Finnish higher education and also those of people interested in knowing more about the current changes underway and trends emerging in Finnish higher education. In other words, this book is meantboth for the international community of higher education researchers and for those students and academics living in Finland who are more comfortable with read- ing English than Finnish. Answering the latter question is, however, a more difficult task. I assume that academic books are written normally because the authors feel that they are addressing important topics andalso because their studies have produced interesting information about and/or offer a new perspective on theworld. These assumptions have been also our main starting points, even though it is for the readers to decide how well we have succeeded in our efforts. By 'we' I mean the authors who all work asresearchers and senior researchers in the Higher Education Studies Research Team, based at the Institute for Educa- tional Research, University of Jyvaskyla. This book is our common endeavour. It is intended to describe not only what has happened in Finnish higheredu- cation or to pinpoint the recent changes but also to analyse and explainwhat these changes mean: what are the directions in which Finnish higher educa- tion is moving in its transition? 3 Jussi limao Two intellectual devices, the concepts of massification and globalisation, have proved helpful in structuring our academic enterprise. Bothare contest- ed terms and may bring into playmany connotations, as will be discussed in chapter 3. They are, however, useful conceptual tools in that they organise our understanding both of the changes that have been reshaping the national higher education system (massification) and of changes taking place in the role of the nation state (globalisation). We began theprocess of writing this book with massification as our shared tool and starting point, whereas globali- sation emerged as an important intellectual device only during the writing process. Massification is, however, not a novel concept in analyses of Finnish high- er education. In fact, the basic empirical research on the massification of Finnish higher education was published by Sakari Ahola in his penetrating disserta- tion From Elite to Mass Higher Education (1995). Herea critical reader might ask, why then repeat the same studyonce more? Our answer is simple: this is not the same study, neither as to its focus nor as to its outcomes. This is because our aim is not to study the massification of higher education froma sociological perspective so as to reveal the structures of selection underpin- ning Finnish higher education, but to analyse the implications for the func- tioning of Finnish tertiary education institutions of the fact that todaywe have a mass higher education system in Finland. We shall, therefore, approach the consequences of massificationprocesses as they affect the university sys- tem internally, in terms of teaching and learning, doctoral education, the ad- ministration and management of universities. In the opening chapter Dr Jussi Välimaa outlines the basic geopolitical and cultural coordinates of Finnish history. It is hoped that this chapter will help the readers to see Finnish higher education in its historical and culturalcon- texts. Chapter two concentrates on the history of Finnish higher education itself. In addition to being an introduction to the history of thismost impor- tant national institution, the chapter contains also a great deal of contextual information which will not be repeated in the following chapters. Thesame design is applied in chapter three, which analyses theconcepts of massifica- don and globalisation as intellectual devices and social phenomena. In chapter four Dr Eeva Kallio opens up a fresh perspectiveon massifica- don and globalisation that is based on psychological considerations. In her study Dr Kallio discusses the
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