Appendix F Aquifer Tests
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Downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE)
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastner; Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds) © 2002 Spécinque, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2 The effect of seepage forces at the tunnel face of shallow tunnels In-Mo Lee Korea University, Seoul, Korea Seok-Woo Nam Korea University, Seoul, Korea Lakshmi N. Reddi Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, U.S.A / ABSTRACT: In this paper, seepage forces arising from the groundwater flow into a tunnel were studied. First, the quantitative study of seepage forces at the tunnel face wa_s performed. The steady-state groundwater flow equation was solved and the seepage forces acting on the tunnel face were calculated using the upper bound solution in limit analysis. Second, the effect of tunnel advance rate on the seepage forces was studied. In this part, a finite element program to analyze the groundwater flow around a tumiel with the consideration of tun nel advance rate was developed. 'Using the program, the effect of the tunnel advance rate on the seepage forces_ was-studied. A rational design methodology for the assessment of support pressures required for main taining the stability of the tumiel face was suggested for underwater tunnels. -
Transient Simulation of Water Table Aquifers Using a Pressure Dependent Storage Law A. Dassargues Laboratoires De Geologic De I
Transactions on Modelling and Simulation vol 6, © 1993 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-355X Transient simulation of water table aquifers using a pressure dependent storage law A. Dassargues Laboratoires de Geologic de I'lngenieur, d'Hydrogeologie, et de Prospection Geophysique Liege, Belgium ABSTRACT In groundwater problems involving unconfined aquifers, the shape and the location of the water table surface have to be determined as a part of the solution of the flow problem. The transient changes affecting the position of this free surface alter the geometry of the flow system so that the relationship between changes at boundaries and changes in piezometric heads and flows must be non linear. Methods have been developed recently using fixed mesh grids and non linear codes. They are based generally on non linear variation laws of the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium in function of the pore pressure. Other methods based on the variation of the storage are exposed. When coupled with the hydraulic conductivity variation law, they lead to solving the generalised well- known Richards equation described and used by many authors to simulate the unsaturated flow Considering here only the saturated flow, different relations based on arctangent and polynomial functions, linking the storage of the porous medium to the water pressure are proposed in order to reach a very good accuracy in the determination of the water table surface which is the moving boundary of the saturated domain. DEFINITION AND CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZING A WATER TABLE SURFACE The water table surface of an unconfined (or water table) aquifer is defined as the locus where the macroscopic pore pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. -
Aquifer Test CONDUCTED on MAY 24, 2017 CONFINED QUATERNARY GLACIAL-FLUVIAL SAND AQUIFER
Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test CONDUCTED ON MAY 24, 2017 CONFINED QUATERNARY GLACIAL-FLUVIAL SAND AQUIFER TEST 2612, CROMWELL 4 (593593) MAY 24, 2017 Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test Conducted on May 24, 2017 Minnesota Department of Health, Source Water Protection Program PO Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 651-201-4700 [email protected] www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/swp To obtain this information in a different format, call: 651-201-4700. Upon request, this material will be made available in an alternative format such as large print, Braille or audio recording. Printed on recycled paper. 2 TEST 2612, CROMWELL 4 (593593) MAY 24, 2017 Contents Analysis of the Cromwell, Minnesota–Well 4 (593593) Aquifer Test............................................. 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Data Collection and Analysis ....................................................................................................... 7 Description .................................................................................................................................. 7 Purpose of Test ....................................................................................................................... 7 Well Inventory ......................................................................................................................... 7 -
TECHNIQUES for ESTIMATING SPECIFIC YIELD and SPECIFIC RETENTION from GRAIN-SIZE DATA and GEOPHYSICAL LOGS from CLASTIC BEDROCK AQUIFERS by S.G
TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING SPECIFIC YIELD AND SPECIFIC RETENTION FROM GRAIN-SIZE DATA AND GEOPHYSICAL LOGS FROM CLASTIC BEDROCK AQUIFERS by S.G. Robson U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4198 Prepared in cooperation with the COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES, OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER and the CASTLE PINES METROPOLITAN DISTRICT Denver, Colorado 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center Box 25046, MS 415 Open-File Reports Section Denver Federal Center Box 25286, MS 517 Denver, CO 80225 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background ............................................................................................................................................................... -
Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas
Technical Report Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas by Robert E. Mace Rebecca C. Smyth Liying Xu Jinhuo Liang Robert E. Mace Principal Investigator prepared for Texas Water Development Board under TWDB Contract No. 99-483-279, Part 1 Bureau of Economic Geology Scott W. Tinker, Director The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8924 March 2000 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 5 HYDROGEOLOGY....................................................................................................................... 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 13 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 14 DATA COMPILATION ...................................................................................................... 14 EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM THE TEST DATA ................. 19 Estimating Transmissivity from Specific Capacity Data.......................................... 19 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ -
Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-2016 Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers Rozkar Izzaddin Ismael Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Ismael, Rozkar Izzaddin, "Slug Tests in Unconfined Aquifers" (2016). Master's Theses. 699. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/699 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SLUG TESTS IN UNCONFINED AQUIFERS by Rozkar Ismael A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Geosciences Western Michigan University April 2016 Thesis Committee: Duane R. Hampton, Ph.D., Chair Mohamed Sultan, Ph.D. Alan Kehew, Ph.D. SLUG TESTS IN UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Rozkar Ismael, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2016 This research presents a hydraulic conductivity (K) analysis of unconfined aquifers using slug tests. Slug tests are used to determine in situ aquifer hydraulic conductivity more quickly and economically than by a pump test. This study examines how to best conduct a slug test using a physical slug. Different common slug test analysis methods are compared, including Bouwer and Rice (1976), Hvorslev (1951), Dagan (1978) and Kansas Geological Survey (KGS, 1994). Questions that motivated this study include: Which methods are better for performing and analyzing slug tests? Does the size of the physical slug affect the results? Do large initial water level displacements produce better results than smaller displacements? Slug tests were performed at two sites: 1- Asylum Lake in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in a well 0.33 ft in diameter and 97 ft deep. -
Method 9100: Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Saturated Leachate
METHOD 9100 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, SATURATED LEACHATE CONDUCTIVITY, AND INTRINSIC PERMEABILITY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Application: This section presents methods available to hydrogeologists and and geotechnical engineers for determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of earth materials and conductivity of soil liners to leachate, as outlined by the Part 264 permitting rules for hazardous-waste disposal facilities. In addition, a general technique to determine intrinsic permeability is provided. A cross reference between the applicable part of the RCRA Guidance Documents and associated Part 264 Standards and these test methods is provided by Table A. 1.1.1 Part 264 Subpart F establishes standards for ground water quality monitoring and environmental performance. To demonstrate compliance with these standards, a permit applicant must have knowledge of certain aspects of the hydrogeology at the disposal facility, such as hydraulic conductivity, in order to determine the compliance point and monitoring well locations and in order to develop remedial action plans when necessary. 1.1.2 In this report, the laboratory and field methods that are considered the most appropriate to meeting the requirements of Part 264 are given in sufficient detail to provide an experienced hydrogeologist or geotechnical engineer with the methodology required to conduct the tests. Additional laboratory and field methods that may be applicable under certain conditions are included by providing references to standard texts and scientific journals. 1.1.3 Included in this report are descriptions of field methods considered appropriate for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity by single well or borehole tests. The determination of hydraulic conductivity by pumping or injection tests is not included because the latter are considered appropriate for well field design purposes but may not be appropriate for economically evaluating hydraulic conductivity for the purposes set forth in Part 264 Subpart F. -
Slug Tests in Partially Penetrating Wells
WATERRESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 30,NO. 11,PAGES 2945-2957, NOVEMBER 1994 Slugtests in partially penetratingwells ZafarHyder, JamesJ. Butler, Jr., Carl D. McElwee, and Wenzhi Liu KansasGeological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence Abstract.A semianalyticalsolution is presentedto a mathematicalmodel describing theflow of groundwaterin responseto a slugtest in a confinedor unconfinedporous formation.The modelincorporates the effectsof partialpenetration, anisotropy, finite- radiuswell skins, and upper and lower boundariesof either a constant-heador an impermeableform. This modelis employedto investigatethe error that is introduced intohydraulic conductivity estimates through use of currentlyaccepted practices (i.e., Hvorslev,1951; Cooper et al., 1967)for the analysisof slug-testresponse data. The magnitudeof the error arisingin a varietyof commonlyfaced field configurationsis the basisfor practicalguidelines for the analysisof slug-testdata that can be utilizedby fieldpractitioners. Introduction that the parameter estimatesobtained using this approach must be viewed with considerableskepticism owing to an Theslug test is one of the mostcommonly used techniques error in the analytical solution upon which the model is by hydrogeologistsfor estimatinghydraulic conductivityin based. the field [Kruseman and de Ridder, 1989]. This technique, In terms of slug tests in unconfined aquifers, solutionsto whichis quite simple in practice, consistsof measuringthe the mathematicalmodel describingflow in responseto the recoveryof head in a well after a near instantaneouschange induced disturbance are difficult to obtain because of the in waterlevel at that well. Approachesfor the analysisof the nonlinear nature of the model in its most general form. recovery data collected during a slug test are based on Currently, most field practitioners use the technique of analyticalsolutions to mathematical models describingthe Bouwer and Rice [1976; Bouwer, 1989], which employs flow of groundwater to/from the test well. -
Quantification of Aquifer Properties with Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Platte River Valley, Central Nebraska, Using a Novel Inversion Method
Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and the Nebraska Environmental Trust Quantification of Aquifer Properties with Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Platte River Valley, Central Nebraska, Using a Novel Inversion Method Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5189 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER: Collage showing multiple photographic images of surface nuclear magnetic resonance and aquifer-test data collection. Center top, a broad view showing trailer-mounted hydraulic pump, used in constant-discharge aquifer test. Project staff shown for general scale. Lower left, hydraulic head recording instrumentation in the observation wells, with wire reels (also shown in large photograph) approximately 25 centimeters in diameter. Lower right, surface nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. Boxes contain electronic equipment and are about 60 centimeters by 60 centimeters in plan view. Top and lower left photographs taken in November 2008 by Gregory V. Steele, U.S. Geological Survey, licensed under Creative Commons. Lower right photograph was taken by David Walsh, Vista Clara Inc., Mukilteo, Wash., November 2008. Quantification of Aquifer Properties with Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Platte River Valley, Central Nebraska, Using a Novel Inversion Method By Trevor P. Irons, Christopher M. Hobza, Gregory V. Steele, Jared D. Abraham, James C. Cannia, and Duane D. Woodward Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and the Nebraska Environmental Trust Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5189 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. -
Hydrogeologic Characterization of Aquifers and Injection Capacity Estimation
Hydrogeologic characterization of aquifers and injection capacity estimation Main authors: Peter K. Kang (UMN ESCI), Anthony Runkel (MGS), Seonkyoo Yoon (UMN ESCI), Raghwendra N. Shandilya (KIST), Etienne Bresciani (KIST), and Seunghak Lee (KIST) Contents Introduction 2 Overview of four ASR study areas 4 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 4 Jordan aquifer, City of Woodbury 6 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 10 Straight River Groundwater Management Area: Pineland Sands Aquifer 12 Methodology for InJection Capacity Estimation 19 Methodology Overview 19 Parameters estimation 21 Transmissivity 22 Allowable head change 23 Injection duration 25 Storativity 25 Well radius 25 Data sources 25 Application to aquifers in Minnesota 26 Transmissivity characterization 26 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 26 Transmissivity of Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 28 1 Transmissivity of the Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 31 Allowable head change estimation 33 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 34 Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 37 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 40 Injection Duration, Storativity and Well Radius 44 Injection capacity 45 Buffalo aquifer, Clay County 45 Jordan aquifer, Woodbury, Washington County 48 Jordan aquifer, Olmsted County 50 Comparison of InJection Capacity 52 Identified Data Gaps 53 Groundwater Level Data 53 Aquifer Pumping Test Data 54 Future Directions 54 Incorporate Leakage factor in the Injection Capacity Estimation Framework 54 Recovery Efficiency of InJected Water 54 Conclusions 54 References 62 2 1 Introduction About 99% of global unfrozen freshwater is stored in groundwater systems, and groundwater is an essential freshwater resource both in the United States and across the globe. The availability of groundwater is particularly important where surface water options are scarce or inaccessible. -
A Comparative Analysis of Two Slug Test Methods in Puget Lowland Glacio-Fluvial Sediments Near Coupeville, WA
A Comparative Analysis of Two Slug Test Methods in Puget Lowland Glacio-Fluvial Sediments near Coupeville, WA Matthew Lewis A report prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science Masters of Earth and Space Science: Applied Geosciences University of Washington November, 2013 Project Mentor: Mark Varljen Project Coordinator Kathy Troost Reading Committee: Dr. Michael Brown and Dr. Drew Gorman-Lewis MESSAGe Technical Report Number: 004 ©Copyright 2013 Matthew Lewis i Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………… iii Introduction ……………………………………… 1 Geological Setting ……………………………………… 2 Methods ……………………………………… 4 Results ……………………………………… 10 Discussion ……………………………………… 11 Summary and ……………………………………… 12 Conclusion Acknowledgements ……………………………………… 13 Bibliography ……………………………………… 14 Figures begin on page 20 Tables begin on page 30 Appendices begins on page 33 ii A Comparative Analysis of Two Slug Test Methods in Puget Lowland Glacio-Fluvial Sediments. Abstract Two different slug test field methods are conducted in wells completed in a Puget Lowland aquifer and are examined for systematic error resulting from water column displacement techniques. Slug tests using the standard slug rod and the pneumatic method were repeated on the same wells and hydraulic conductivity estimates were calculated according to Bouwer & Rice and Hvorslev before using a non-parametric statistical test for analysis. Practical considerations of performing the tests in real life settings are also considered in the method comparison. Statistical analysis indicates that the slug rod method results in up to 90% larger hydraulic conductivity values than the pneumatic method, with at least a 95% certainty that the error is method related. This confirms the existence of a slug-rod bias in a real world scenario which has previously been demonstrated by others in synthetic aquifers. -
Aquifer Test Procedures for Determining Hydrologic Properties
AquiferAquifer TestTest ProceduresProcedures forfor DeterminingDetermining HydrologicHydrologic PropertiesProperties Dr. Michael Strobel Deputy State Director EXHIBIT G– WATER RESOURCES Meeting Date: 03-22-06 USGS Nevada Water Science Center Document consists of 28 slides. Entire Exhibit Provided Purposes of Aquifer Tests • Measure the change, with time, in water levels as a result of withdrawals through wells • Determine the transmissivity and storage coefficient of the aquifer • Determine characteristics of confining layers • Determine well efficiency and optimum pumping rates • Determine boundary conditions (natural) and potential well interference Types of Aquifer Tests •Slug • Single-well • Multiple-wells – Time-Drawdown Analysis – Distance-Drawdown Analysis From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. From Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p. Slug Test TIME • The rapid addition or removal of a known volume from a well stresses the aquifer. • The hydraulic conductivity (K) estimate is related to the rate of recovery with various corrections for well construction