DOCSLIB.ORG

The Performance of British Columbia's Metropolitan Areas on the 3Ts Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The performance of British Columbia’s Metropolitan Areas on the 3Ts of Economic Development Benchmarking Project: Creativity Index for British Columbia Dr. Kevin Stolarick Research Director February 2014 Creative BC Benchmarking, February 2014 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 3Ts Background Information .................................................................................................. 7 The 3Ts and Economic Development ........................................................................................ 9 Technology: Innovation and High-tech Production ............................................................ 9 Measuring Technology ........................................................................................................... 10 Talent: Human Capital and the Creative Class .................................................................. 12 Measuring Talent .................................................................................................................... 12 Tolerance: Openness, Inclusion, and Diversity ................................................................. 15 Measuring Tolerance .............................................................................................................. 17 The “4th T” – Quality of Place ................................................................................................ 18 Conclusions for BC’s Four CMAs ............................................................................................... 19 Overall Creativity Index ......................................................................................................... 19 Vancouver ............................................................................................................................ 19 Victoria ................................................................................................................................. 19 Kelowna .................................................................................................................................. 20 Abbotsford .............................................................................................................................. 20 Overall – Technology ............................................................................................................. 20 Overall – Talent ...................................................................................................................... 20 Overall – Tolerance ................................................................................................................ 21 Overall – Territory Assets/Quality of Place ........................................................................ 21 Vancouver .................................................................................................................................... 21 Overall ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Technology ............................................................................................................................... 22 Talent ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Tolerance ................................................................................................................................. 22 Victoria ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Overall ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Technology ............................................................................................................................... 23 Talent ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Tolerance ................................................................................................................................. 23 Kelowna .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Overall ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Technology ............................................................................................................................... 23 Talent ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Martin Prosperity Institute -- Stolarick (Draft) 2 Creative BC Benchmarking, February 2014 Tolerance ................................................................................................................................. 24 Abbotsford ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Overall ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Technology ............................................................................................................................... 24 Talent ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Tolerance ................................................................................................................................. 25 Appendix A: Metric Definitions for Benchmarking .................................................................. 1 Appendix B: High-Tech Industries - NAICS ............................................................................ 3 Appendix C: Map of Benchmarked Regions ............................................................................. 4 Appendix D: Research Methods ................................................................................................... 5 Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 6 American Statistical Sourcing ................................................................................................. 7 Works Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Martin Prosperity Institute -- Stolarick (Draft) 3 Creative BC Benchmarking, February 2014 Introduction The Martin Prosperity Institute (MPI) has benchmarked the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of British Columbia against each’s peer regions to understand their competitiveness within North America, with the aim of providing input to the development of a long-term creative economy blueprint for the province. The larger goal is to chart the transition to an economy based on creativity. At a moment when every region is looking for ways to become more competitive, the question is: how does BC stack up? This work is based on work originally completed as part of the “Ontario in the Creative Age" project. The data is based on data from 2006. While available newer data will be provided as part of this larger project, this report is (not by choice) restricted to data captured by the 2006 Canadian Census1. With the transition from the mandatory Census Long Form to the voluntary Household Survey, sufficient, reliable and more recent data is not available to complete this benchmarking. More recent data is available for US metros, but data from 2006 has been used here to keep the comparison consistent. Economic development is driven by what we call the three "T"s – technology, talent, and tolerance. All three are critical to generating sustained economic growth and prosperity. It is great to excel at one or two; however, sustained economic strength comes from performing well on all three. To see how the CMAs fare against competition, we compared them to metropolitan areas with roughly the same population from seventeen US states with a population of six million or more and the three of the most competitive provinces ⎯ Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta. (See Appendix C for the map of peer regions.) The map and table below show all of the metropolitan regions of BC. CMAs are in a darker shade than CAs (Census Agglomerations). In 2011, 87.6% of the population of British Columbia lived inside a CMA or CA. Of those 3,854,139 persons, 2,767,965 or 71.8% of all urban dwellers (62.9% of BC’s total population) live in the provinces four CMAs: Vancouver, Victoria, Kelowna, and Abbotsford – Mission. The number of 1 See Appendix D for more information on our research methods. Martin Prosperity Institute -- Stolarick (Draft) 4 Creative BC Benchmarking, February 2014 persons living outside an urbanized area accounts for 12.4% of the provincial population. Source: MPI. Statistics Canada, 2014. Map by Zara Matheson. Population CMA or CA name Type 2011 2006 % change Vancouver CMA 2,313,328 2,116,581 9.3 Victoria CMA 344,615 330,088 4.4 Kelowna CMA 179,839 162,276 10.8 Abbotsford - Mission CMA 170,191 159,020 7.0 Kamloops CA 98,754 92,797 6.4 Nanaimo CA 98,021 92,361 6.1 Chilliwack CA 92,308
Recommended publications
  • Kelowna-Lake Country (KLA) 40Th Provincial General Election MAP a - Kelowna-Lake Country Electoral District May 14, 2013

    Kelowna-Lake Country (KLA) 40Th Provincial General Election MAP a - Kelowna-Lake Country Electoral District May 14, 2013

    Statement of Votes 40th Provincial General Election May 14, 2013 Okanagan 1 MAP A - Kelowna-Lake Country Electoral District Country Electoral A -Kelowna-Lake MAP Country (KLA) Kelowna-Lake 218 O Anderson Vernon l d INSET A V 142 Rd e r Anderson Rd Upp n er B 141B Kalamalka o ooth n R Lake R d d S S co 97 tt C y Bulman Cre a Bulman Rd ek m Rd e Vernon-Monashee l b Oyama a Electoral District c Rd k 139 D 21 3 4 5 r reek a C Daryl Rd 141A m Parkdale Rd a Oyama y C O Lake 140 a r Crooked r s Lake d L Wood 7 6 138 R a n Lake Weston Rd e Okanagan d i r d u i 8A Es q n Lake R g 8B a R Scotty Creek Rd SEE MAP B Old Vernon Rd d m a y Lake Country Centre Marion Rd O 1:25,000 9 Swalwell 21 Lake Wrinkly Face Provincial Park Lake Country Ideal Lake North Okanagan na Creek ow Regional District Duck K el Postill Graystokes N Lake Park 38 d 36 Lake R 37 Electoral District Westside-Kelowna e SEE MAP C Central Okanagan r 143 o Regional District m North Kelowna 40 39 n e 41B l 41A 142 k G SEE INSET A ee 144 r C k k 42 o e e re 141B g e C l r n 46 e C o B s Vernon-Monashee r n 52 53 138 a o 66 i Pe Electoral District s s i 103 136 67 M SEE INSET B 109 k e INSET B e 137 r 97 C 103 s e v a 108 D Toovey Rd 33 103 108 33 104 Kelowna SEE MAP E Toovey Rd Toovey Rutland Kelowna 33 Kendra Crt Black Mountain Dr Henderson Dr SEE MAP D Ray Rd Ray Rd 105A Lose Oswell Dr Glenmore th Dr Kootenay Boundary 106 Regional District 105B Feedham 107 Kelowna-Mission 1:260,000 Boundary-Similkameen Electoral District Dr Loseth Electoral District 0 2 4 8 Kelowna-Mission 33 1:25,000
  • Bylaws, Regulations and Legislations

    Bylaws, Regulations and Legislations

    Responsible dog owners know and comply with all laws and regulations, including all municipal, provincial and federal bylaws, regulations and legislations. This includes laws in effect in cities that might be on a travel or vacation itinerary. Ignorance of or disagreement with any law is no excuse. Failure to abide by all laws can be very costly, e.g. stiff fines, a jail term or both. Certain violations can cost a dog it’s life. For ease of reference, here are links to various municipal bylaws, provincial regulations and federal legislation. Dog owners with breeds such as Staffordshire Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, American Pit Bull Terriers, Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, Italian Mastiffs, Presa Canarios, Fila Brasileiros, Argentinian Dogos and dogs resembing these breeds should be particularly alert to breed specific legislation. All dog owners should review You, Your Dog and the Law: Protecting Yourself, and Your Dog!, an information brochure written and published by Green & Vespry Law Offices. Dog owners requiring legal assistance are welcome to contact Terry Green of Green & Vespry Law Offices, 200-190 O’Connor Street, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2R3, Telephone 613.560.6565. Links are also provided for legislation pertaining to cruelty to animals and blind persons and guide dogs. Be a responsible dog owner. Know the law! MUNICIPAL BYLAWS Link City HTML PDF Arnprior, Ontario Bylaw Belleville, Ontario Bylaw Brampton, Ontario Bylaw Brantford, Ontario Bylaw Brockville, Ontario Bylaw Calgary, Alberta Bylaw Edmonton, Alberta
  • January Anniversary List 2021.Xlsx

    January Anniversary List 2021.Xlsx

    January 2021 ~ Broker Owner * Manager ^ Licensed Assistant 35 Years of Service John Alty RE/MAX Sabre Realty Group Port Coquitlam, BC Sharon Campbell RE/MAX Elite (Riverbend) Edmonton, AB ^Phil Haig RE/MAX Sabre Realty Group Port Coquitlam, BC Eric Hasenhuendl RE/MAX Kelowna Kelowna, BC Michael McLaughlin RE/MAX Sabre Realty Group Port Coquitlam, BC Wayne Paradis RE/MAX River City Edmonton, AB Bev Powell RE/MAX Valleyview Realty Brandon, MB ~Dave Town RE/MAX Valleyview Realty Brandon, MB 30 Years of Service Italo Fionda RE/MAX Crest Realty Richmond, BC Craig FitzPatrick RE/MAX Landan Real Estate Calgary, AB Keith Larson RE/MAX Crown Real Estate - North Regina, SK David West RE/MAX Performance Realty Delta, BC Susan Willis RE/MAX Ocean Pacific Realty Courtenay, BC 25 Years of Service Susan Jacobucci RE/MAX Saskatoon (East) Saskatoon, SK Ron Lapadat RE/MAX Bulkley Valley Smithers, BC Audrey Olin RE/MAX Sabre Realty Group Port Coquitlam, BC Will Rempel RE/MAX Treeland Realty Langley, BC Danh Tran RE/MAX Real Estate (Edmonton) - Central Edmonton, AB 20 Years of Service Vargha Akhtarkhavari RE/MAX All Points Realty Coquitlam, BC Tug Knowlton RE/MAX Professionals St. Albert, AB ~ John Mattiello RE/MAX Elite (Windermere) Edmonton, AB Garry Reimer RE/MAX LifeStyles (Langley) Langley, BC Louise Tan RE/MAX Select Properties Vancouver, BC 15 Years of Service Neil Bellosillo RE/MAX 2000 REALTY Surrey, BC ^Elizabeth Bergeron RE/MAX REALTY PROFESSIONALS Calgary, AB Anil Bharwani RE/MAX LifeStyles Realty Maple Ridge, BC Harjinder Brar RE/MAX Little
  • But Never Documented by the Kamloops Indian Residential School

    But Never Documented by the Kamloops Indian Residential School

    Tkemlúps̓ te Secwépemc (Kamloops Indian Band) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 27, 2021, Kamloops – It is with a heavy heart that Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Kukpi7 (Chief) Rosanne Casimir confirms an unthinkable loss that was spoken about but never documented by the Kamloops Indian Residential School. This past weekend, with the help of a ground penetrating radar specialist, the stark truth of the preliminary findings came to light – the confirmation of the remains of 215 children who were students of the Kamloops Indian Residential School. Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc is the home community of the Kamloops Indian Residential School which was the largest school in the Indian Affairs residential school system. As such, Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Leadership acknowledges their responsibility to caretake for these lost children. “We had a knowing in our community that we were able to verify. To our knowledge, these missing children are undocumented deaths,” stated Kukpi7 Rosanne Casimir. “Some were as young as three years old. We sought out a way to confirm that knowing out of deepest respect and love for those lost children and their families, understanding that Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc is the final resting place of these children.” This work was undertaken by the C7élksten̓ s re Secwépemc ne Ck̓ úl̓ tens ell ne Xqwelténs (Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Language and Culture Department) with ceremonial Knowledge Keepers who ensured that the work was conducted respectfully in light of the serious nature of the investigation with cultural protocols being upheld. Given that these lost loved ones are buried within the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc community, and with all community members still grappling with the effects of residential school, Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Chief and Council first reached out to their community members to make them aware of the situation, albeit that it is still developing.
  • CP's North American Rail

    CP's North American Rail

    2020_CP_NetworkMap_Large_Front_1.6_Final_LowRes.pdf 1 6/5/2020 8:24:47 AM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Lake CP Railway Mileage Between Cities Rail Industry Index Legend Athabasca AGR Alabama & Gulf Coast Railway ETR Essex Terminal Railway MNRR Minnesota Commercial Railway TCWR Twin Cities & Western Railroad CP Average scale y y y a AMTK Amtrak EXO EXO MRL Montana Rail Link Inc TPLC Toronto Port Lands Company t t y i i er e C on C r v APD Albany Port Railroad FEC Florida East Coast Railway NBR Northern & Bergen Railroad TPW Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway t oon y o ork éal t y t r 0 100 200 300 km r er Y a n t APM Montreal Port Authority FLR Fife Lake Railway NBSR New Brunswick Southern Railway TRR Torch River Rail CP trackage, haulage and commercial rights oit ago r k tland c ding on xico w r r r uébec innipeg Fort Nelson é APNC Appanoose County Community Railroad FMR Forty Mile Railroad NCR Nipissing Central Railway UP Union Pacic e ansas hi alga ancou egina as o dmon hunder B o o Q Det E F K M Minneapolis Mon Mont N Alba Buffalo C C P R Saint John S T T V W APR Alberta Prairie Railway Excursions GEXR Goderich-Exeter Railway NECR New England Central Railroad VAEX Vale Railway CP principal shortline connections Albany 689 2622 1092 792 2636 2702 1574 3518 1517 2965 234 147 3528 412 2150 691 2272 1373 552 3253 1792 BCR The British Columbia Railway Company GFR Grand Forks Railway NJT New Jersey Transit Rail Operations VIA Via Rail A BCRY Barrie-Collingwood Railway GJR Guelph Junction Railway NLR Northern Light Rail VTR
  • History of Sherbrooke Village

    History of Sherbrooke Village

    1 Sherbrooke Village History Page # a) Introduction 2 b) Sir John Coape Sherbrooke 2 c) The History and Development of Sherbrooke, Guysborough County by Phyllis Blakely 3 d) The Development of Sherbrooke Village to 1880 by John Grant 19 e) The Evolution of Sherbrooke Village to 2014 23 f) Sherbrooke Village Buildings, Methods and Skills 25 History and Development of Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia a) Introduction In 1655, French fur trader LaGiraudiere, built a fur trading post, Fort Sainte Marie (named after the river), above the entrance of the river at the head of the tide. He had been given the “rights to settle” from the Company of New France and later from the Company of the West Indies. Here, they traded with the Indians and, as the remnants of the dykes suggest, cultivated the soil, growing wheat and vegetables to supplement their staples of game and fish. Nicholas Denys wrote that all “the buildings of LaGiraudiere were enclosed by a fort of four little bastions , the whole made of great pickets or stakes. There were two pieces of brass canon and some swivel guns. The whole in good state of defence.” A clearing was made around the fort, where wheat was grown but the soil was too sandy for good crops, so he devoted his attention to hunting and fishing, particularly salmon fishing and the trading of furs. In the summer of 1669 while LaGiraudiere was in France, Fort Sainte Marie was captured by an English force which had been sent in the autumn of 1668 to expel the French from Port Royal.
  • Allophones Build Communities in the Rest of Quebec

    Allophones Build Communities in the Rest of Quebec

    More Allophones Calling Rest of Quebec Home: Numbers of persons whose mother tongue is neither English nor French rises sharply outside Montreal Jack Jedwab Executive Director Association for Canadian Studies February 10, 2009 Special for the Montreal Gazette For several years concerned with the overwhelming concentration of immigrants in Montreal, the government of Quebec has made efforts to encourage newcomers to settle in the regions outside of the province’s largest city. Its efforts may be bearing fruit judging by the results of the 2006 census. The combination of a slightly higher percentage of immigrants settling outside of Montreal in the rest of Quebec and the substantial increase in the numbers of immigrants admitted by the province since the beginning of the century has had an important impact on the demography of several regions. Indeed between 2001 and 2006 the increase has been so important that in several places the combined numbers of allophones surpassed the size of the anglophone population in areas with historically established English-speaking communities. In 1996 the headlines of major Quebec newspapers proclaimed that the number of mother tongie allophones in Montreal surpassed the number of anglophones. While in the rest of Quebec the number of anglophones still exceeded the number of allophones at the time of the 2006 census by now it is reasonably safe to assume that in the ROQ there are more allophones. As observed in the table below where there were more allophones than anglophones in 2001 (e.g. Baie-Comeau, Saguenay, Alma, St.Georges, Thetford Mines, Trois-Rivieres, Drummondville, Granby and Sorel) there are now more allophones.
  • History of Provincial Champions (A Cup)

    History of Provincial Champions (A Cup)

    History of Provincial Champions (A Cup) Gender Level Age Year Champion Runner Up 2016 Male A U13 2016 BDMS FC Surrey Guildford United Male A U14 2016 Upper Island Riptide Delta Coastal Selects Male A U15 2016 Port Moody AC Selects BDMS FC Male A U16 2016 Delta Coastal Selects Surrey FC Selects Male A U18 2016 BDMS Lakers Kamloops Blaze Female A U13 2016 Surrey FC Pegasus Poco Euro Rite Castilians Female A U14 2016 Upper Island Storm North Shore Girls SC Female A U15 2016 Delta Coastal Selects Upper Island Riptide Female A U16 2016 Vancouver FC West Van FC Rangers Female A U18 2016 BDMS FC North Shore Girls 2015 Male A U13 2015 Surrey FC Pegasus North Van FC Selects Male A U14 2015 Port Moody Selects Burnaby Selects Male A U15 2015 Delta Coastal Selects Upper Island Riptide Male A U16 2015 Burnaby Selects Richmond United Male A U18 2015 Richmond United Burnaby Selects Female A U13 2015 North Shore Renegades Kamloops Blaze Female A U14 2015 Delta Coastal Selects Poco Euro Rite Castilians Female A U15 2015 Werst Van SC Rangers Vancouver FC Female A U16 2015 Port Moody Storm Upper Island Riptide Female A U18 2015 Burnaby Selects Upper Island Storm 2014 Male A U13 2014 Burnaby Selects Surrey Guildford United Male A U14 2014 UVI Riptide Kamloops Blaze Male A U15 2014 Burnaby Selects Surrey FC Pegasus Male A U16 2014 Surrey Guildford United Burnaby Selects Male A U18 2014 Surrey FC Pegasus Surrey Guildford United Female A U13 2014 North Shore Renegades Delta Coastal Selects Female A U14 2014 Port Moody Storm Saanich Fusion FC Female A U15 2014
  • British Columbia Historical Quarterly

    British Columbia Historical Quarterly

    E S. BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 4.) I. • •SS_ S • 5’: .SSS OCTOBER, 1939 5. .5 S • BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Published by the Archives of British Columbia in co-operation with the British Columbia Historical Association. EDITOR. W. KAYE LAMB. ADVISORY BOARD. J. C. GOODFELLOW, Princeton. F. W. Howay, New Westminster. R0BIE L. REID, Vancouver. T. A. RICKARD, Victoria. W. N. SAGE, Vancouver. Editorial communications should be addressed to the Editor, Provincial Archives, Parliament Buildings, Victoria, B.C. Subscriptions should be sent to the Provincial Archives, Parliament Buildings, Victoria, B.C. Price, 50c. the copy, or $2 the year. Members of the British Columbia Historical Association in good standing receive the Quarterly without further charge. Neither the Provincial Archives nor the British Columbia Historical Association assumes any responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY “Any country worthy of a future should be interested in its past.” VOL. III. VICTORIA, B.C., OCTOBER, 1939. No. 4 CONTENTS. ARTICLES: PAGE. Pioneer Flying in British Columbia, 1910—1914. ByFrankH.EIlis — 227 The Evolution of the Boundaries of British Columbia. By Willard E. Ireland 263 Sir James Goes Abroad. By W. Kaye Lamb 283 NOTES AND COMMENTS: Contributors to this Issue__ 293 Historic Sites and Monuments — 293 British Columbia Historical Association _-__ 296 Okanagan Historical Society 298 Similkameen Historical Association — 299 Thompson Valley Museum and Historical Association _ 299 ThE NORTHWEST BOOKSHELF: Morton: A History of the Canadian West to 1870—71. By W. N. Sage _301 Index — 305 The McMullen-Templeton machine, which waa completed in April, 1911.
  • City of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

    City of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

    City of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Annual Report 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2013 City of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Annual Report 2013 For the year ended December 31, 2013 Prepared by: City of Kamloops Business and Client Services Division Department of Finance 2 | City of Kamloops Annual Report 2013 Table of Contents Introduction Financial Reports Message from the Mayor ......................... 4 Financial Statements for 2013 .................. .26 CAO Report ...................................... .5 Canadian Award for Financial Reporting .... .27 City of Kamloops Organizational Chart ........... .6 Report from the Finance Director ........... 28 Independent Auditor’s Report .............. .29 List of City of Kamloops Departments ............ .7 Management’s Responsibility for City Council ...................................... .8 Financial Reporting ......................... 31 Council Committee Appointments ............... 9 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position ........................... 32 Council Strategic Goals and Objectives .......... 12 Consolidated Statement of Operations Accomplishments .............................. 14 and Accumulated Surplus .................. .33 Economy ....................................... 16 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Debt ................................ 34 Livability ........................................ 18 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ..... .35 Environment ................................... .20 Notes to Consolidated Governance ...................................
  • Part 3 – General Regulations

    Part 3 – General Regulations

    CITY OF WEST KELOWNA ZONING BYLAW No. 0154 PART 3 – GENERAL REGULATIONS 3.1 APPLICATION .1 Except as otherwise specified by this Bylaw, Part 3 applies to all zones established under this Bylaw. 3.2 PERMITTED USES AND STRUCTURES .1 The following uses and structures are permitted in all zones: (a) Air or marine navigational aids; (b) Transit stops; (c) Civic plazas; (d) Community garden; (e) Community mailboxes placed by Canada Post; (f) Environmental conservation activities; (g) Highways; (h) Mobile vending; (i) Parks, playgrounds and recreational trails; (j) Public service facilities for community water or sewer systems (including pumphouses and sewage and water treatment plants), community gas distribution systems and similar public service facilities or equipment such as those required for the transmission of electrical power, telephone or television, communication towers and municipal works yards, but not including electrical substations, maintenance buildings or offices; (k) Storage of construction materials on a parcel for which the construction of a building or structure has been authorized by the City, provided all surplus materials are removed within 20 days of final inspection of the building or structure; (l) Temporary construction and project sales offices authorized by building permit as temporary buildings; and (m) The temporary use of a building as a polling station for government elections or referenda, provided that the time period of use does not exceed 60 consecutive days. 3.3 PROHIBITED USES AND STRUCTURES .1 The following uses are prohibited in every zone: (a) Outdoor storage of materials beneath electrical power distribution lines; and (b) Vacation rentals other than bed and breakfasts, short term accommodations, agri- tourism accommodations, and the use of resort apartments and resort townhouses.
  • Preliminary List of Site Associations in British Columbia1

    Preliminary List of Site Associations in British Columbia1

    APPENDIX 1: Preliminary list of site associations in British Columbia1 CONIFEROUS FORESTS AMABILIS FIR FORESTS Bl Ð Huckleberry Ð Utah honeysuckle (CWH; occasionally in the ICH along the Bl Ð Lady fern Ð Horsetail Coast transition) Bl Ð Lingonberry Bl Ð Oak fern Ð Bluebells BaCw2 Ð Devil's club Bl Ð Oak fern Ð Brachythecium BaCw Ð Foam¯ower Bl Ð Oak fern Ð Heron's-bill BaCw Ð Oak fern Bl Ð Oak fern Ð Knight's plume BaCw Ð Salmonberry Bl Ð Oak fern Ð Sarsaparilla BaSs Ð Devil's club Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Azalea Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Falsebox Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Feathermoss SUBALPINE FIR FORESTS Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Foam¯ower (ESSF; infrequent in SBS, ICH, BWBS, Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Grouseberry and SWB) Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Heron's-bill Bl Ð Alder Ð Horsetail Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Horsetail Bl Ð Azalea Ð Cow parsnip Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Lady fern Bl Ð Azalea Ð Feathermoss Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Mountain-heather Bl Ð Azalea Ð Gooseberry Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Oak fern Bl Ð Azalea Ð Oak fern Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Queen's cup Bl Ð Azalea Ð Pipecleaner moss Bl Ð Rhododendron Ð Valerian Bl Ð Azalea Ð Rattlesnake plantain Bl Ð Trapper's tea Bl Ð Azalea Ð Rhododendron Bl Ð Trapper's tea Ð Valerian Bl Ð Azalea Ð Soopolallie Bl Ð Twinberry Ð Lady fern Bl Ð Azalea Ð Step moss Bl Ð Valerian Ð Arnica Bl Ð Devil's club Ð Lady fern Bl Ð Valerian Ð Groundsel Bl Ð Devil's club Ð Rhododendron Bl Ð Valerian Ð Oak fern Bl Ð Globe¯ower Ð Horsetail Bl Ð Valerian Ð Sickle moss Bl Ð Gooseberry Ð Foam¯ower BlBa Ð Azalea Ð Pipecleaner moss Bl Ð Gooseberry Ð Horsetail BlBa Ð Oak fern