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The Water Rights-Based Legal Mobilization of the Wayúu Against the Cercado Dam: an Effective Avenue for Court-Centered Lawfare from Below?*
The Water Rights-Based Legal Mobilization of the Wayúu against the Cercado Dam: An Effective Avenue for Court-Centered Lawfare from Below?* Sergi Vidal Parra** University of Deusto, País Vasco https://doi.org/10.7440/antipoda34.2019.03 How to cite this article: Vidal Parra, Sergi. 2019. “The Water Rights-Based Legal Mobilization of the Wayúu against the Cercado Dam: An Effective Avenue for Court-Centered Lawfare from Below?” Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología 34: 45-68. https://doi.org/10.7440/ antipoda34.2019.03 Reception date: January 29, 2018; Acceptance date: August 28, 2018; Modification date: September 28, 2018. Abstract: Objective/Context: In recent years, decreasing water availability, accessibility, and quality in the Upper and Middle Guajira has led to the death of thousands of Wayúu people. This has been caused by precipitation 45 deficit and droughts and hydro-colonization by mining and hydropower projects. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Wayúu’s legal mobili- zation to redress the widespread violation of their fundamental rights on the basis of the enforceability and justiciability of the human right to water. Methodology: The study assesses the effects of the Wayúu’s legal mobiliza- tion by following the methodological approach proposed by Siri Gloppen, * This paper is result of two field studies conducted in the framework of my doctoral studies: firstly, PARALELOS a six-month research stay at the Research and Development Institute in Water Supply, Environmental Sanitation and Water Resources Conservation of the Universidad del Valle, Cali (2016-2017); secondly, the participation in the summer courses on “Effects of Lawfare: Courts and Law as Battlegrounds for Social Change” at the Centre on Law and Social Transformation (Bergen 2017). -
UNHCR Colombia Receives the Support of Private Donors And
NOVEMBER 2020 COLOMBIA FACTSHEET For more than two decades, UNHCR has worked closely with national and local authorities and civil society in Colombia to mobilize protection and advance solutions for people who have been forcibly displaced. UNHCR’s initial focus on internal displacement has expanded in the last few years to include Venezuelans and Colombians coming from Venezuela. Within an interagency platform, UNHCR supports efforts by the Government of Colombia to manage large-scale mixed movements with a protection orientation in the current COVID-19 pandemic and is equally active in preventing statelessness. In Maicao, La Guajira department, UNHCR provides shelter to Venezuela refugees and migrants at the Integrated Assistance Centre ©UNHCR/N. Rosso. CONTEXT A peace agreement was signed by the Government of Colombia and the FARC-EP in 2016, signaling a potential end to Colombia’s 50-year armed conflict. Armed groups nevertheless remain active in parts of the country, committing violence and human rights violations. Communities are uprooted and, in the other extreme, confined or forced to comply with mobility restrictions. The National Registry of Victims (RUV in Spanish) registered 54,867 displacements in the first eleven months of 2020. Meanwhile, confinements in the departments of Norte de Santander, Chocó, Nariño, Arauca, Antioquia, Cauca and Valle del Cauca affected 61,450 people in 2020, as per UNHCR reports. The main protection risks generated by the persistent presence of armed groups and illicit economies include forced recruitment of children by armed groups and gender- based violence – the latter affecting in particular girls, women and LGBTI persons. Some 2,532 cases of GBV against Venezuelan women and girls were registered by the Ministry of Health between 1 January and September 2020, a 41.5% increase compared to the same period in 2019. -
The Mineral Industry of Colombia in 1998
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF COLOMBIA By David B. Doan Although its mineral sector was relatively modest by world foundation of the economic system of Colombia. The standards, Colombia’s mineral production was significant to its constitution guarantees that investment of foreign capital shall gross domestic product (GDP), which grew by 3.2% in 1997. have the same treatment that citizen investors have. The A part of this increase came from a 4.4% growth in the mining constitution grants the State ownership of the subsoil and and hydrocarbons sector.1 In 1998, however, Colombia ended nonrenewable resources with the obligation to preserve natural the year in recession with only 0.2% growth in GDP, down resources and protect the environment. The State performs about 5% from the year before, the result of low world oil supervision and planning functions and receives a royalty as prices, diminished demand for exports, terrorist activity, and a economic compensation for the exhaustion of nonrenewable decline in the investment stream. The 1998 GDP was about resources. The State believes in privatization as a matter of $255 billion in terms of purchasing power parity, or $6,600 per principle. The Colombian constitution permits the capita. Colombia has had positive growth of its GDP for more expropriation of assets without indemnification. than six decades and was the only Latin American country not The mining code (Decree 2655 of 1988) covers the to default on or restructure its foreign debt during the 1980's, prospecting, exploration, exploitation, development, probably owing in no small part to the conservative monetary beneficiation, transformation, transport, and marketing of policy conducted by an independent central bank. -
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WEEKLY HUMANITARIAN REPORT HUMANITARIAN TRENDS IN 2009 ISSUE 51| 1 January - 27 December, 2009 COLOMBIA Events per department in 2009 La Guajira Atlántico Magdalena Cesar Sucre Bolívar Córdoba Norte de Santander Antioquia Santander Arauca Chocó Boyacá Casanare Caldas Cundinamarca Risaralda Vichada Quindío Bogotá, D.C. To l i m a Valle del Cauca Meta Huila Guainía Cauca Guaviare Nariño Putumayo Caquetá Vaupés Amazonas Legend 5 - 47 48 - 114 115 - 203 204 - 305 Fuente: OCHA-SIDIH 306 - 542 WEEKLY HUMANITARIAN REPORT HUMANITARIAN TRENDS IN 2009 ISSUE 51| 1 January - 27 December, 2009 COLOMBIA Events in 2009 | Weekly trend* 350 325 175 96 132 70 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 Events in 2009 | Total per department Number of events per category Antioquia 542 Nariño 305 Massacres, Displaceme Forced Cauca 296 125 nt events, recruit., 63 Valle del Cauca 261 Road 81 Córdoba 269 blocks, 55 Norte de Santander 250 Caquetá 225 Arauca 203 Atlántico 157 Armed Tolima 160 conf., 825 Bolivar 150 Meta 146 APM/UXO Bogotá D.C. 109 Victims, Huila 106 670 Cesar 114 Sucre 93 Homicide Putumayo 86 of PP, 417 Risaralda 83 Magdalena 85 Santander 78 Chocó 78 Guaviare 71 La Guajira 68 Kidnappin Vaupés 47 g, 157 Attacks on Caldas 36 civ., 1.675 Quindío 27 Cundinamarca 23 Casanare 22 Boyacá 18 Quindío 12 Vichada 7 Guanía 5 0 300 600 WEEKLY HUMANITARIAN REPORT HUMANITARIAN TRENDS IN 2009 ISSUE 51| 1 January - 27 December, 2009 COLOMBIA Main events in 2009 per month • January: Flood Response Plan mobilised US$ 3.1 million from CERF. -
Part III - Administrative, Procedural, and Miscellaneous
Part III - Administrative, Procedural, and Miscellaneous Determination of Housing Cost Amounts Eligible for Exclusion or Deduction for 2010 Notice 2010-27 SECTION 1. PURPOSE This notice provides adjustments to the limitation on housing expenses for purposes of section 911 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) for specific locations for 2010. These adjustments are made on the basis of geographic differences in housing costs relative to housing costs in the United States. SECTION 2. BACKGROUND Section 911(a) of the Code allows a qualified individual to elect to exclude from gross income the foreign earned income and housing cost amount of such individual. Section 911(c)(1) defines the term “housing cost amount” as an amount equal to the excess of (A) the housing expenses of an individual for the taxable year to the extent such expenses do not exceed the amount determined under section 911(c)(2), over (B) 16 percent of the exclusion amount (computed on a daily basis) in effect under section 911(b)(2)(D) for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins ($250.68 per day for 2010, or $91,500 for the full year), multiplied by the number of days of that taxable year within the applicable period described in section 911(d)(1). The applicable period is the period during which the individual meets the tax home requirement of section 911(d)(1) and either the bona fide residence requirement of section 911(d)(1)(A) or the physical presence requirement of section 911(d)(1)(B). Assuming that the entire taxable year of a qualified individual is within the applicable period, the section 911(c)(1)(B) amount for 2010 is $14,640 ($91,500 x .16). -
Chapter 8: Colombia
8 Colombia 8.1 Summary of Coal Industry 8.1.1 ROLE OF COAL IN COLOMBIA Coal accounted for eight percent of Colombia’s energy consumption in 2007 and one-fourth of total exports in terms of revenue in 2009 (EIA, 2010a). As the world’s tenth largest producer and fourth largest exporter of coal (World Coal, 2012; Reuters, 2014), Colombia provides 6.9 percent of the world’s coal exports (EIA, 2010b). It exports 97 percent of its domestically produced coal, primarily to the United States, the European Union, and Latin America (EIA, 2010a). Colombia had 6,746 million tonnes (Mmt) of proven recoverable coal reserves in 2013, consisting mainly of high-quality bituminous coal and a small amount of metallurgical coal (Table 8-1). The country has the second largest coal reserves in South America, behind Brazil, with most of those reserves concentrated in the Guajira peninsula in the north (on the country’s Caribbean coast) and the Andean foothills (EIA, 2010a). Its reserves of high-quality bituminous coal are the largest in Latin America (BP, 2014). Table 8-1. Colombia’s Coal Reserves and Production – 2013 Anthracite & Sub-bituminous & Total Global Indicator Bituminous Lignite (million Rank (million tonnes) (million tonnes) tonnes) (# and %) Estimated Proved Coal 6,746.0 0.0 67469.0 11 (0.8%) Reserves (2013) Annual Coal Production 85.5 0.0 85.5 10 (1.4%) (2013) Source: BP (2014) Coal production for export occurs mainly in the northern states of Guajira (Cerrejón deposit), Cesar, and Cordoba. There are widespread small and medium-size coal producers in Norte de Santander (metallurgical coal), Cordoba, Santander, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Boyaca, Valle del Cauca, Cauca, Borde Llanero, and Llanura Amazónica (MB, 2005). -
Colombia 6 August 2021 Post-Conflict Violence in Cauca KEY FIGURES
Briefing note Colombia 6 August 2021 Post-conflict violence in Cauca KEY FIGURES OVERVIEW KEY FINDINGS In 2016, the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of The demobilisation of the FARC-EP did not end armed violence in Cauca. 5,527 Colombia (FARC-EP) signed a peace agreement. While the demobilisation Several armed groups continue to operate, and new groups have appeared. of the FARC-EP was seen as a first step towards pacifying many regions of In Cauca, as incentives for the continued existence of armed groups remain PEOPLE DISPLACED Colombia, armed groups continued and even escalated the violent attacks in in place – including illegal mining and areas for the cultivation, processing, BETWEEN JANUARY– several regions, including the Cauca department. and transport of coca and marijuana – these groups have entered into APRIL 2021 confrontation to take over these resources. In Cauca, some armed groups remained in the territory, while others were formed after the signing of the peace agreement; additional groups entered Civilians are affected by these confrontations through displacement, the region to occupy territories abandoned by the FARC-EP. Confrontations confinement to their homes, and even death by armed groups in order 497 among these groups have resulted in forced displacement, confinement of to preserve territorial control. Human rights defenders and farmer, Afro- PEOPLE FORCIBLY local populations to their homes, and limited access for humanitarian workers. descendant, and indigenous leaders are at particular risk of being killed or CONFINED BY ARMED These armed groups have also attacked civilians – especially human rights displaced because of their visibility within communities and their rejection of GROUPS BETWEEN defenders and indigenous and Afro-descendant leaders. -
190205 USAID Colombia Brief Final to Joslin
COUNTRY BRIEF I. FRAGILITY AND CLIMATE RISKS II.COLOMBIA III. OVERVIEW Colombia experiences very high climate exposure concentrated in small portions of the country and high fragility stemming largely from persistent insecurity related to both longstanding and new sources of violence. Colombia’s effective political institutions, well- developed social service delivery systems and strong regulatory foundation for economic policy position the state to continue making important progress. Yet, at present, high climate risks in pockets across the country and government mismanagement of those risks have converged to increase Colombians’ vulnerability to humanitarian emergencies. Despite the state’s commitment to address climate risks, the country’s historically high level of violence has strained state capacity to manage those risks, while also contributing directly to people’s vulnerability to climate risks where people displaced by conflict have resettled in high-exposure areas. This is seen in high-exposure rural areas like Mocoa where the population’s vulnerability to local flooding risks is increased by the influx of displaced Colombians, lack of government regulation to prevent settlement in flood-prone areas and deforestation that has Source: USAID Colombia removed natural barriers to flash flooding and mudslides. This is also seen in high-exposure urban areas like Barranquilla, where substantial risks from storm surge and riverine flooding are made worse by limited government planning and responses to address these risks, resulting in extensive economic losses and infrastructure damage each year due to fairly predictable climate risks. This brief summarizes findings from a broader USAID case study of fragility and climate risks in Colombia (Moran et al. -
National Administrative Department of Statistics
NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS Methodology for the Codification of the Political- Administrative Division of Colombia -DIVIPOLA- 0 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS JORGE BUSTAMANTE ROLDÁN Director CHRISTIAN JARAMILLO HERRERA Deputy Director MARIO CHAMIE MAZZILLO General Secretary Technical Directors NELCY ARAQUE GARCIA Regulation, Planning, Standardization and Normalization EDUARDO EFRAÍN FREIRE DELGADO Methodology and Statistical Production LILIANA ACEVEDO ARENAS Census and Demography MIGUEL ÁNGEL CÁRDENAS CONTRERAS Geostatistics ANA VICTORIA VEGA ACEVEDO Synthesis and National Accounts CAROLINA GUTIÉRREZ HERNÁNDEZ Diffusion, Marketing and Statistical Culture National Administrative Department of Statistics – DANE MIGUEL ÁNGEL CÁRDENAS CONTRERAS Geostatistics Division Geostatistical Research and Development Coordination (DIG) DANE Cesar Alberto Maldonado Maya Olga Marina López Salinas Proofreading in Spanish: Alba Lucía Núñez Benítez Translation: Juan Belisario González Sánchez Proofreading in English: Ximena Díaz Gómez CONTENTS Page PRESENTATION 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1. BACKGROUND 8 1.1. Evolution of the Political-Administrative Division of Colombia 8 1.2. Evolution of the Codification of the Political-Administrative Division of Colombia 12 2. DESIGN OF DIVIPOLA 15 2.1. Thematic/methodological design 15 2.1.1. Information needs 15 2.1.2. Objectives 15 2.1.3. Scope 15 2.1.4. Reference framework 16 2.1.5. Nomenclatures and Classifications used 22 2.1.6. Methodology 24 2.2 DIVIPOLA elaboration design 27 2.2.1. Collection or compilation of information 28 2.3. IT Design 28 2.3.1. DIVIPOLA Administration Module 28 2.4. Design of Quality Control Methods and Mechanisms 32 2.4.1. Quality Control Mechanism 32 2.5. Products Delivery and Diffusion 33 2.5.1. -
Listing Five Foreign Bird Species in Colombia and Ecuador, South America, As Endangered Throughout Their Range; Final Rule
Vol. 78 Tuesday, No. 209 October 29, 2013 Part IV Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing Five Foreign Bird Species in Colombia and Ecuador, South America, as Endangered Throughout Their Range; Final Rule VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:44 Oct 28, 2013 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\29OCR4.SGM 29OCR4 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES4 64692 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 209 / Tuesday, October 29, 2013 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR endangered or threatened we are proposed for these five foreign bird required to publish in the Federal species as endangered, following careful Fish and Wildlife Service Register a proposed rule to list the consideration of all comments we species and, within 1 year of received during the public comment 50 CFR Part 17 publication of the proposed rule, a final periods. rule to add the species to the Lists of [Docket No. FWS–R9–IA–2009–12; III. Costs and Benefits 4500030115] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. On July 7, 2009, we We have not analyzed the costs or RIN 1018–AV75 published a proposed rule in which we benefits of this rulemaking action determined that the blue-billed because the Act precludes consideration Endangered and Threatened Wildlife curassow, brown-banded antpitta, Cauca of such impacts on listing and delisting and Plants; Listing Five Foreign Bird guan, gorgeted wood-quail, and determinations. Instead, listing and Species in Colombia and Ecuador, Esmeraldas woodstar currently face delisting decisions are based solely on South America, as Endangered numerous threats and warrant listing the best scientific and commercial Throughout Their Range under the Act as endangered species (74 information available regarding the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, FR 32308). -
Geophis Nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cordillera Oriental of Colombia
16 1 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 16 (1): 115–119 https://doi.org/10.15560/16.1.115 First record of the goo-eater snake, Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cordillera Oriental of Colombia Daniela García-Cobos1, Alejandro Corrales-García2, Gladys Cárdenas-Arévalo3, Azarys Paternina-Hernández3, Andrés Rymel Acosta-Galvis1 1 Subdirección de Investigaciones, Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Carrera 8 # 15–08, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. 2 Museo de Historia Natural ANDES, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes. Apartado 4976, Bogotá, Colombia. 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39–115, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. Corresponding author: Daniela García-Cobos, [email protected] Abstract Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 is a fossorial and secretive colubrid snake endemic to the western Andes of Colombia. Here we report this species for the first time in the Cordillera Oriental in Middle Magdalena Valley. We expand the known distribution of G. nigroalbus 183 km east of its original range. Keywords Boyacá, Colubridae, endemic, range extension. Academic editor: Ross MacCulloch | Received 24 October 2019 | Accepted 6 January 2020 | Published 7 February 2020 Citation: García-Cobos D, Corrales-García A, Cárdenas-Arévalo G, Paternina-Hernández A, Acosta-Galvis AR (2020) First record of the goo-eater snake, Geophis nigroalbus Boulenger, 1908 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), in the Magdalena Valley, Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Check List 16 (1): 115–119. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.1.115 Introduction region (Myers 2003; Wilson and Townsend 2007). -
Redalyc.Islas De Tierra Firme: ¿Un Modelo Para El Caribe Continental
Memorias. Revista Digital de Historia y Arqueología desde el Caribe E-ISSN: 1794-8886 [email protected] Universidad del Norte Colombia Shrimpton Masson, Margaret Islas de tierra firme: ¿un modelo para el Caribe continental? El caso de Yucatán Memorias. Revista Digital de Historia y Arqueología desde el Caribe, núm. 25, enero-abril, 2015, pp. 178-208 Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85536228008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto MEMORIAS ! REVISTA DIGITAL DE HISTORIA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA DESDE EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO ! Islas de tierra firme: ¿un modelo para el Caribe continental? El caso de Yucatán Continental Islands: a model for the mainland Caribbean? The case of Yucatan Margaret Shrimpton Masson Doctora en Ciencias Filológicas por la Universidad de La Habana (Cuba); M.Phil. en Estudios Latinoamericanos por la University of Cambridge (UK); BA en Literatura Inglesa y Español por la University of Leeds (UK). Desde 1990 es profesora e investigadora en el área de Literatura Latinoamericana, de la Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (Mexico). [email protected] ! Agradecimientos La elaboración de este artículo fue posible gracias a dos instancias: una, con el doble apoyo institucional de la Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (programa PIFI 2012-13), y el Instituto José María Luís Mora para realizar una estancia de investigación breve en el marco del proyecto “Fronteras en Vilo”, de la Dra.