INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES And NYC CLIMATE RISKS

HI-BRIDGE ORIGINAL BRIDGE : 15 MASONRY ARCHES - BUILT 1839-1848 FIVE MASONARY SPANS REPLACED WITH STEEL ARCH – 1928 1958 OLD CROTON AQUEDUCT REMOVED 1960 DPR OWNERSHIP 1/2013 NYC Infrastructure reconstruction challenges

• It is widely recognized that a significant percentage of the country's infrastructure has reached its useful life and must be replaced.

• This infrastructure renewal is first and foremost a serious challenge for the nation's urban areas where people, financial and cultural centers are concentrated.

• This presentation is an overview of some of City's approaches that go beyond just infrastructure reconstruction.

• Department of Design + Construction (DDC)

• DDC was created in 1995 to provide design and construction expertise to 23 City agencies. • This centralization enables our client agencies to focus on delivering their quality services to the public. • It also allows DDC to focus on our core mission which is to strive for the highest degree of engineering, architectural design and construction quality while improving the urban environment. • We manage the design and construction for publicly funded city buildings and the basic infrastructure that New Yorkers routinely rely on every day. • Sewers, water main and roads projects are designed and managed by DDC Infrastructure Division. • Building projects are managed by DDC Public Buildings Division.

New York City Department of Design + Construction (DDC)

• created in October 1995 • oversees capital projects of 23 City agencies • performs design and construction services

• Infrastructure Division streets sewers water mains retaining walls plazas bio-retention - BMPs

• Public Buildings Division correctional and court facilities cultural institutions libraries firehouses police stations

• uses in-house resources and private consultants and contractors New York City owns approximately 1,300 buildings and leases over 12.8 million square feet of office space DDC Projects Completed – 2002 through 2012 PUBLIC BUILDINGS Police Facilities Total: $243.6 mil. 5 New Buildings $119.4 8 Major Reconstruction $97.8 9 Upgrades $26.4 Fire/EMS Facilities Total: $444.5 mil. 11 New Facilities $218.60 15 Major Reconstruction $104.2 91 Upgrades $121.7 Libraries: NYPL $337.8 mil. (Manh, Bronx, S.I.) 8 New Libraries $49.0 35 Major Reconstruction $256.0 58 Upgrades $32.8 Libraries: BPL $86.1 mil. (Brooklyn) 3 New Branch Libraries $33.7 21 Major Reconstruction $37.6 51 Upgrades $14.8 Libraries: QPL $98.5 mil. (Queens) 6 New Branch Libraries $57.2 9 Major Reconstruction $9.4 36 Upgrades $31.9 Cultural Institutions $1.13 bil. 18 New Facilities $408.1 79 Major Reconstruction $574.5 112 Upgrades $147.6 Department of Environmental Protection Total: $373.7 mil. 1 New Facility $47.2 29 Upgrades $326.5 Department of Transportation Total: $83.1 mil. 1 New Facility $18.9 22 Major Reconstruction $64.2 Health Facilities Total: $247.6 mil. 1 New Facility $67.2 76 Major Reconstruction $126.4 59 Upgrades $54.0 Human Services Facilities Total: $293.5 mil. 7 New Facilities $8.8 48 Major Reconstruction $193.1 65 Upgrades $91.6 Courts Total: $27.2 mil. 2 Major Reconstruction $7.5 11 Upgrades $19.7 Corrections Total: $482.2 mil. 7 New Facilities $155.9 4 Major Reconstruction $73.6 38 Upgrades $252.7 TOTAL: $3.9 Billion 4,336 PROJECTS

745 MILES (402 Km) OF SIDEWALKS AND STREET RECONSTRUCTED

735 MILES (1178 Km) OF NEW WATER MAINS

554 MILES (888 Km) OF NEW STORM AND SANITARY SEWERS

10,100 HOMES CONNECTED TO THE MUNICIPAL SYSTEM FOR THE FIRST TIME DDC Projects Completed – 2002 through 2012

INFRASTRUCTURE

Program $ (Mil) Bluebelt Projects $356.6 Emergency Repair $34.2 Milling (in preparation for resurfacing) $278.6 Pedestrian Ramps $163.8 Pedestrian Safety Improvements $60.2 Plazas $73.0 Retaining Walls $51.0 Roadway Reconst/ Infrastructure Development $1,053.8 Sewer Installation (Storm, Sanitary, Combined) $622.6 Sewer Rehabilitation $11.8 Sidewalk Maintenance $249.8 South Queens Flood Remediation $94.1 Special Projects (Step Streets, Bulkheads) $91.0 Streetscape $5.0 Water Mains $566.8 TOTAL: $3,712 NYC Capital Budget

• NYC Five-Year Capital Plan $39.5 billion

• DDC current design and construction 5 Year portfolio is about $7.8 billion or 20% of NYC Capital Budget plan. 1. Infrastructure Division designs and builds road, sewers and water main projects for DOT and DEP with portfolio of more than $4.2b 2. Public Buildings Division designs and builds structures projects for multiple agencies and has a portfolio worth more than $3.6b

PUBLIC BUILDINGS 5-YEAR ACTIVE PORTFOLIO BY TYPES OF PROJECTS $3,666,684,449

Corrections Transportation Courts $335,971,257

Cultural Facilities Corrections $673,435,556 Fire Courts $122,570,937 Health Facilities

Human Services Cultural Facilities Libraries Police * $331,988,423 $1,521,409,585 Parks Fire Police * $158,214,954

Transportation Health Facilities $69,858,505

Human Services $166,759,000

Libraries Parks $182,962,232 $97,514,000 The new Police Academy will provide training space for up to 4,000 recruits per year while satisfying the ongoing requirements of the NYPD's uniformed officers and civilian corps. The campus will consolidate the Department’s academic and training facilities currently scattered across the City. The overall complex will include instructional spaces for providing immersive, scenario-based training for police personnel, indoor firing ranges, a sophisticated tactical training building, classroom and administrative space and a driver training course. The new Academy will be one of the largest environmentally sustainable complexes in New York City.

College Point, Queens Est. $ 737 million The Public Safety Answering Center II (PSAC II) will be a second emergency communications 911 call intake and dispatch center for the City; The new building will act as a parallel operation to the existing PSAC I in downtown Brooklyn and will augment and provide redundancy to the current emergency 911 response service; It will serve as a streamlined emergency call and dispatch center for all of the City’s first responders, including the NYPD, FDNY and the Emergency Medical Services, and; will house command control centers for the FDNY and the NYPD in order to coordinate emergency response throughout the entire city at a centralized location.

Hutchinson Center, Bronx Est. $583 million NYC CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

322 square miles - City area 6,375 miles of streets 6,417 miles of sewers 144,000 Catch Basins 6,134 miles of water mains 14 miles of public Beaches 520 miles of water front 149 miles of interceptor sewers 14,000 acres of Staten Island "Blue Belt" storm water management system 2,000 square miles of watershed 19 Clean Water Reservoirs; 3 controlled lakes 580 billion gallons drinking water storage capacity 700 miles of subway 90,000 miles underground power cables 14 Wastewater Treatment Plants 2,000 bridges and tunnels 5.2 million trees 6,000 acres of wetlands

NYC Statistics Streets 6,375 miles (10,580 km) Sewers (Storm, Sanitary & Combined) 6,417 miles (10,700 km) Size – 6” to over 90” diameter (150 mm to 2300 mm) Age – 66.4% built prior to 1940 Water mains 6,134 miles (10,225 km) Size – 8” to over 72 “ diameter (200 mm to 1800 mm) Age – 59.4% built prior to 1940

1000 miles of water mains are estimated to be over 100 years old.

Water Main Break Floods Flatiron District

A massive water main break in Flatiron sent water cascading into a subway station at and 23rd St. late Friday morning, leading portions of the N and Q lines to be closed all afternoon. The main — a 36-inch pipe dating to 1915 — ruptured at 24th St. and Broadway about 10:45 a.m. Friday, February 1, 2013, flooding area streets and sending water rushing down into the subway system. The MTA says N/Q service is suspended between De Kalb and 57th and 7th or R service between Queens Plaza and Whitehall as the power has been turned off at the flooded station. Also? Expect a lot of traffic around Madison Square Park today. Massive water main break drenches a subway station in Flatiron, knocking out service on the N and Q lines for hours The break was at 24th St. and Broadway, and sent water flooding down into the subway station at 23rd St. and Broadway. Normal service has been restored normal service was restored on the N, Q, B and D lines. The R train is running on alternate lines. By Pete Donohue / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Friday, February 1, 2013, 1:46 PM

Lisa Marie Pompilio Street Flooding – inadequate drainage Sink Hole – cause by underground sewer collapse Electric manhole fire-30-83 Crescent St (Queens) INFRASTRUCTURE 5-YEAR ACTIVE PORTFOLIO BY TYPES OF PROJECTS 3rd Water Tunnel Projects $4,296,597,000 Bluebelt Projects

Streetscape Emergency Repair Special Projects (Step Streets, $78,020,000 Bulkheads) Blue-belt Projects $58,631,000 $89,228,000 Green Infrastructure Water Mains 3rd Water Tunnel Roadway Reconst/ $501,640,000 Emergency Repair South Queens Flood Remediation Projects Infrastructure Development $468,097,000 $150,045,000 $186,931,000 Milling Sidewalk Maintenance $53,221,000 Green Infrastructure $63,846,000 Pedestrian Bridges Sewer Rehabilitation, $39,719,000 Pedestrian Ramps

Pedestrian Safety

Sewer Installation (Storm, Improvements Sanitary, Combined) Roadway Reconstruction/ Plazas $702,989,000 Infrastructure Development $1,355,167,000 Retaining Walls

Select Bus Service Select Bus Service Improvements $25,368,000 Improvements Sewer Installation (Storm, Retaining Walls Sanitary, Combined) $43,592,000 Sewer Rehabilitation Plazas $140,279,000 Milling Sidewalk Maintenance Pedestrian Safety Improvements, $91,908,000 $98,828,000 Pedestrian Bridges South Queens Flood Pedestrian Ramps $85,457,000 Remediation $63,631,000 Special Projects (Step Streets, Bulkheads) Streetscape NYC water supply system

• 1.2 billion gallons drinking water per day daily • Serving 8 million residents of New York City plus approximately one million people living in Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. • This water originates as far as 125 miles north and west of the City in three watersheds, comprising 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes, and covers a total area of almost 2,000 square miles. • The water flows through aqueducts to balancing reservoirs; then into the City’s approximately 7,000 miles of distribution water mains system. • Up to now this water is conveyed in to the City by two tunnels, No. 1 and No. 2. Both tunnels are constructed deep within the bedrock of the City.

City Tunnel #3 - Summary

Construction started 1970, expected completion in 2013 – Total cost $6 billion

Tunnel has 4 Stages with tunnel size ranging in width from 10 to 24 feet in diameter, and depth of 400 to 800 feet.

• Stage 1) 13 miles long, runs from Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers, through the Bronx, into to , and under the East River to Queens. Activated in 1998 at a cost of about $1 billion. • Stage 2) Consist of two sections • Section 1. The Brooklyn /Queens has two distinct legs. The Brooklyn leg runs 5.5 miles from Red Hook, Brooklyn to Maspeth Queens. It will also connect with Richmond Tunnel which delivers drinking water to Staten Island. The Queens leg runs 5 miles trough Woodside and Astoria. Both legs were connected at the end of 1997 and concrete lining of both legs was completed in May 2001. • Section 2. The Manhattan Section starts from Central Park south along west side and also a segment from west to east and then north across Manhattan. Tunneling, lining & shafts for this section completed in 2010. • Stage 3) From Kensico reservoir to valve chamber in Van Cortlandt Park (16 miles long) • Stage 4) From valve chamber in Van Cortlandt Park to Queens (14 miles long)

 City Tunnel #3 will allow for shutdown, repair & renovation of tunnels #1 (1917) & #2 (1936)  Insure safe drinking water to NYC for the foreseeable future  Filtration Plant in Croton – to improve water quality Many interferences under New Utility Lines York City streets

- Shaft approx. 450 ft depth - Old water tunnel

- 3rd Water Tunnel 13B MED 609

24B

MED 25B 599 MED 600 MED 33B 617 MED Times 600B Square MED W. 33rd St. 598 26B MED MED 622 617 MED 607B 32B

MED 27B 610

MED 617

19 MED 595 / 31B HWMP116

East $468 million Houston St./HWMP2019 MED MED 596 Start 2010/2011 29B 606 Chambers St. 30B Start 2012 Worth St. Start 2013 Warren St. Forsyth Start 2014+ Plaza Broadway I John St.

Fulton Ph. 2 Peck Slip Shaft 33B connection – & 1st Ave, Mn Shaft 31B

Utility relocation at 9th Avenue, Mn Replacement of 100 years old sewer in hard Shaft 25B rock. Columbus Ave & W.62nd ,Mn Shaft 24B

11/16/2010 HIGH BRIDGE

ORIGINAL BRIDGE : 15 MASONRY ARCHES - BUILT 1839-1848 HIGH BRIDGE AERIAL VIEW

1958 OLD CROTON AQUEDUCT REMOVED

1960 DPR OWNERSHIP MANHATTAN

1970 AWARDED LANDMARK DESIGNATION

1972 LISTED ON NATIONAL REGISTER OF RIVER HISTORIC PLACES WATER TOWER 9-MASONRY ARCH SPANS

1970 BRIDGE CLOSED

1992 NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK

BUDGET • CITY $ 49,698,000 1928 STEEL ARCH SPAN BRONX • GRANTS $12,315,790 • ======1-MASONRY ARCH SPAN • TOTAL $ 62,013,790 OVER RAMP

1200 FEET LONG 17 FEET WIDE HIGH BRIDGE

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING NAVIGATION LIGHTING RECONSTRUCTION

DDC / DOT / TSA Times Square Reconstruction, HWMP2012 Public Design Commission Snøhetta March 14, 2011 Conceptual Submission 28 Reinventing Times Square

Duffy Square - TKTS & Red Steps

Molly Dilworth – Cool Water, Hot Island Reinventing Times Square Times Square Reconstruction, HWMP2012 March 14, 2011 Then, Now & Future N Total Est. $46 million

DDC / DOT / TSA Times Square Reconstruction, HWMP2012 Plan Diagram Bowtie Concept Snøhetta March 14, 2011 1”=120’-0” Cohesive Materiality Times Square, Broadway bet. W. and W. Manhattan

DDC / DOT / TSA Snøhetta The lack of resiliency of our 2008, New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC) infrastructure assets was evident in October 2012 during hurricane Sandy.

The New York City Panel on Climate Change which was convened by Mayor Bloomberg issued a report in 2009 that predicted among other climate change risks, that by 2080, due to sea level rise to nearly 2 feet as a result of global warming that the 1 in 500 year extreme weather event would occur once every 120 to 250 years and would cause coastal storm surges of 11 to 12 feet with disastrous consequences for coastal communities Alert issued 10/28/12 at 11:45 AM. New York City has ordered a MANDATORY EVACUATION of Zone A the Rockaways, Hamilton Beach, and City Island. Climate Change SANDY IMPACT AREAS (PLANYC 2030)

• Cities are at the forefront of both the causes and effects of climate change. • Urban areas located on a coast like New York City face increased climate risks.

• GHG mitigation efforts can reduce severity of climate change but cannot completely prevent it from happening • No single action can achieve GHG reduction. • City’s climate resilience – ability to withstand and Queens 49 recover from extreme Staten Island 28 events and environmental Bronx 27 Brooklyn 27 changes Manhattan 24 ======Total # Projects = 155 LOOKING AHEAD: SUSTAINABLE URBAN SITES mitigations measures of particular relevance to NYC

Minimize Site Disturbance Soil, vegetation, reducing run -off; implications of laws such as SPDES, SWPPP, etc. Maximizing Vegetation: Tree planting details, green walls, low-maintenance native planting, turf alternatives Incorporate Recycled content: Pavements, site furnishings, etc. Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effect: High albedo pavements, shading techniques Water Management: Stormwater management and cleansing; Water efficient landscape techniques. Climate adaptation measures*

 Green Infrastructure  Capacity increases to drainage systems  Detention systems  Sea walls  Tide barriers  Pumping systems  Street pavements  Raising roadway grades  Raising platform levels at entrance of critical facilities  Elevating critical components of vulnerable assets  Zoning and building code modifications

*Parsons Special Initiative for Rebuilding & Resiliency

• SIRR is tasked with two major challenges put forward by the Mayor in the wake of Sandy that look long-term: • 1) how to rebuild locally • 2) how to improve citywide infrastructure and building resilience – factoring in risk due to climate change. • We will be formulating community plans for East/South Shore SI, South Queens, Southern Brooklyn, and Brooklyn/Queens Waterfront, in addition to a citywide plan (May 2013).

Eric C. Macfarlane, P.E. Deputy Commissioner, Infrastructure Division New York City Department of Design + Construction 30-30 Thomson Avenue Long Island City , NY 11101 718-391-2251 [email protected] Copyright Materials

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© New York City Department of Design and Construction 2011