The Multiple Geographies of Peterloo and Its Impact in Britain
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Memories of a Massacre | History Today
15/10/2019 Memories of a Massacre | History Today Subscribe FEATURE Memories of a Massacre It is the 200th anniversary of the Peterloo Massacre. How have the events of that day been remembered? Katrina Navickas | Published in History Today Volume 69 Issue 8 August 2019 https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/memories-massacre 1/14 15/10/2019 Memories of a Massacre | History Today Obverse side of a medal commemorating the Peterloo Massacre, 19th century © Timothy Millett Collection/Bridgeman Images On Monday 16 August 1819, 60,000 men, women and children gathered for a mass rally in Manchester. They had progressed to St Peter’s Field on the southern edge of the town from the city’s working-class districts and the surrounding textile weaving regions, including Rochdale, Oldham and Stockport. Monday was the traditional day off for handloom weavers and other artisan workers, and the marchers wore their best clothes and symbols to create a festive atmosphere. Samuel Bamford, leading the contingent from the village of Middleton, described the start of their procession: Twelve of the most decent-looking youths … were placed at the front, each with a branch of laurel held in his hand, as a token of peace; then the colours [banners]: a blue one of silk, with inscriptions in golden letters, ‘Unity and Strength’, ‘Liberty and Fraternity’; a green one of silk, with golden letters, ‘Parliaments Annual’, ‘Suffrage Universal’. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/memories-massacre 2/14 15/10/2019 Memories of a Massacre | History Today The main speaker, Henry ‘Orator’ Hunt, had travelled 200 miles north from London. -
The Challenge of Cholera: Proceedings of the Manchester Special Board of Health 1831-1833
The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire Volume 145: start THE RECORD SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOUNDED TO TRANSCRIBE AND PUBLISH ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE TWO COUNTIES VOLUME CXLV The Society wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the support given towards publication by Lancashire County Council © The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire Alan Kidd Terry Wyke ISBN 978 0 902593 80 0 Printed in Great Britain by 4word Ltd, Bristol THE CHALLENGE OF CHOLERA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE MANCHESTER SPECIAL BOARD OF HEALTH 1831-1833 Edited by Alan Kidd and Terry Wyke PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 2010 FOR THE SUBSCRIPTION YEAR 2008 COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 2008 President J.R.H. Pepler, M.A., D.A.A., c/o Cheshire Record Office, Duke Street, Chester CHI 1RL Hon. Council Secretary Dorothy J. Clayton, M.A., Ph.D., A.L.A., F.R.Hist.S., c/o John Rylands University Library of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PP Hon. Membership Secretary J.C. Sutton, M.A., F.R.I.C.S., 5 Beechwood Drive, Alsager, Cheshire, ST7 2HG Hon. Treasurer and Publications Secretary Fiona Pogson, B.A., Ph.D., c/o Department of History, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD Hon. General Editor Peter McNiven, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S., 105 Homegower House, St Helens Road, Swansea SA1 4DN Other Members of the Council P.H.W. Booth, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. C.B. Phillips, B.A., Ph.D. Diana E.S. Dunn, B.A., D.Ar.Studies B.W. Quintrell, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. -
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform The Library of Sir Geoffrey Bindman, QC. Part I. BERNARD QUARITCH LTD MMXX BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 36 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4JH tel.: +44 (0)20 7297 4888 fax: +44 (0)20 7297 4866 email: [email protected] / [email protected] web: www.quaritch.com Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-90 Account number: 10511722 Swift code: BUKBGB22 Sterling account: IBAN: GB71 BUKB 2065 9010 5117 22 Euro account: IBAN: GB03 BUKB 2065 9045 4470 11 U.S. Dollar account: IBAN: GB19 BUKB 2065 9063 9924 44 VAT number: GB 322 4543 31 Front cover: from item 106 (Gillray) Rear cover: from item 281 (Peterloo Massacre) Opposite: from item 276 (‘Martial’) List 2020/1 Introduction My father qualified in medicine at Durham University in 1926 and practised in Gateshead on Tyne for the next 43 years – excluding 6 years absence on war service from 1939 to 1945. From his student days he had been an avid book collector. He formed relationships with antiquarian booksellers throughout the north of England. His interests were eclectic but focused on English literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. Several of my father’s books have survived in the present collection. During childhood I paid little attention to his books but in later years I too became a collector. During the war I was evacuated to the Lake District and my school in Keswick incorporated Greta Hall, where Coleridge lived with Robert Southey and his family. So from an early age the Lake Poets were a significant part of my life and a focus of my book collecting. -
Richard Cobden, Educationist, Economist
RICHARD COBDEN, EDUCATIONIST, ECONOMIST AND STATESMAN. BY PETER NELSON FARRAR M.A. (oxoN), M.A. (LVPL). THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD. Division of Education, June 1987. ii CONTENTS Page Ref. Summary iv Abbreviations vi Photographs vii Preface and Acknowledgements viii Part I. An Analysis of Cobden's Ideas and the Formative Influences. Chapter 1. An introductory analysis of Cobden's social philosophy and political activities. 1, 18 2. Cobden's character and formative years. 21, 39 3. Cobden's religious, moral and educa- tional philosophy. 41, 63 4. Cobden's approach to economics. 65, 81 Part II. Thought and Action 1835-1865. 5. The pen of "a Manchester manufacturer". 85, 98 6. Education for the people of Sabden and Chorley. 100, 120 7. Awakening Manchester 1835-1836 123, 147 8. The establishment of the Manchester Society for Promoting National Education. 152, 173 9. Educating the working class: schools and lyceums. 177, 195 10. "The education of 17 millions" the Anti-Corn Law League. 199, 231 11. Cobden and Frederic Bastiat: defining the economics of a consumer society. 238, 264 12. Amid contending ideals of national education 1843-1850. 269, 294 13. Guiding the National Public School Association 1850-1854. 298, 330 14. The Manchester Model Secular School. 336, 353 15. Cobden's last bid for a national education 1855-57. 355, 387 iii Page Ref. 16. The schooling of Richard Cobden junior. 391, 403 17. Newspapers for the millions. 404, 435 18. Investing in a future civilisation: the land development of the Illinois Central Railroad. -
The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper
Article The Manchester Observer: biography of a radical newspaper Poole, Robert Available at http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/28037/ Poole, Robert ORCID: 0000-0001-9613-6401 (2019) The Manchester Observer: biography of a radical newspaper. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 95 (1). pp. 31-123. ISSN 2054-9318 It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/BJRL.95.1.3 For more information about UCLan’s research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for <name of research Group>. For information about Research generally at UCLan please go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/ All outputs in CLoK are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including Copyright law. Copyright, IPR and Moral Rights for the works on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the policies page. CLoK Central Lancashire online Knowledge www.clok.uclan.ac.uk i i i i The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper ROBERT POOLE, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE Abstract The newly digitised Manchester Observer (1818–22) was England’s leading rad- ical newspaper at the time of the Peterloo meeting of August 1819, in which it played a central role. For a time it enjoyed the highest circulation of any provincial newspaper, holding a position comparable to that of the Chartist Northern Star twenty years later and pioneering dual publication in Manchester and London. -
The Queen Caroline Affair: Politics As Art in the Reign of George IV Author(S): Thomas W
The Queen Caroline Affair: Politics as Art in the Reign of George IV Author(s): Thomas W. Laqueur Source: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Sep., 1982), pp. 417-466 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1906228 Accessed: 06-03-2020 19:28 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Modern History This content downloaded from 130.132.173.181 on Fri, 06 Mar 2020 19:28:02 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms The Queen Caroline Affair: Politics as Art in the Reign of George IV* Thomas W. Laqueur University of California, Berkeley Seldom has there been so much commotion over what appears to be so little as in the Queen Caroline affair, the agitation on behalf of a not- very-virtuous queen whose still less virtuous husband, George IV, want- ed desperately to divorce her. During much of 1820 the "queen's busi- ness" captivated the nation. "It was the only question I have ever known," wrote the radical critic William Hazlitt, "that excited a thor- ough popular feeling. -
Introduction: 'The Radical Ladder'
Notes Introduction: ‘The Radical Ladder’ 1. The Loyalist; or, Anti- Radical; Consisting of Three Departments: Satyrical, Miscellaneous, and Historical (W. Wright, 1820), iv. 2. Here, it might also mean (if the artist is being subversive), ‘I Have Suffered’, which Caroline and the radicals certainly had; or, it might stand for ‘In hoc signo vinces’ – ‘with this as your standard you shall have vic- tory’, hinting at the odd relationship between this Queen and republican radicals. 3. See Thompson, The Making, 691–6. 4. See Robert Reid, The Peterloo Massacre (Heinemann, 1989), 117–19. 5. Frederick Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Symbolically Social Act (London: Routledge, 2002), ix. 6. Jameson, The Political Unconscious, 1. 7. Clifford Siskin, The Work of Writing: Literature and Social Change in Britain, 1700–1830, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), 2. 8. Frank Kermode, The Romantic Image (London: Fontana Press, 1971), 18–19. 9. Anne Janowitz, ‘“A voice from across the Sea”,: Communitarianism at the Limits of Romanticism’, At the Limits of Romanticism: Essays in Cultural, Feminist and Materialist Criticism, ed. Mary A. Favret and Nicola J. Watson (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1994), 85. 10. Nigel Leask and Phillip Connell (eds.), Romanticism and Popular Culture in Britain and Ireland, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 7. 11. Gary Dyer, British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 141. 12. Donald Read, Peterloo: the ‘Massacre’ and its Background (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958), 16. Interestingly, in a letter to The Times newspaper on 26 September 2008 Read wrote: ‘The crowd was certainly gathered to demand democratic reform, but it was in a fes- tive mood. -
Peterloo, Manchester, Protest, Radicalism, Regional Identity
1 The multiple geographies of Peterloo and its impact in Britain Katrina Navickas Keywords: Peterloo, Manchester, protest, radicalism, regional identity Abstract: The Peterloo Massacre was more than just a Manchester event. The attendees came from a large spread of the wider textile regions on whom Manchester industry depended. The large demonstrations that followed in the autumn of 1819, protesting against the actions of the authorities, were pan-regional and national. The reaction to Peterloo established the massacre as firmly part of the radical canon of martyrdom in the story of popular protest for democracy. This article argues for the significance of Peterloo in fostering a sense of regional and ‘northern’ identities in England. Demonstrators expressed an alternative patriotism to the anti-radical loyalism as defined by the authorities and other opponents of mass collective action. The Peterloo Massacre and its aftermath in the political history of 19th century Britain has left historians with a wealth of textual and visual evidence. Newspaper reports, printed accounts of the trials of the radical leaders and autobiographical recollections such as those of Samuel Bamford, and vivid caricatures drawn by George Cruikshank have formed the basis of scholarly and public analysis of the causes and impact of the events of 16 August 1819.1 More recent interest in the cultural history of popular politics in this period has also drawn from the wealth of printed material, including radical poetry and the satire of William Hone.2 In terms of its spatial context, the Peterloo Massacre is indelibly associated with the specific place in which it occurred: St Peter’s Fields on the southern edge of the rapidly expanding centre of industrial Manchester. -
The Peterloo Massacre Some Ideas and Resources for Key Stages 3 Or 4
The Peterloo Massacre Some ideas and resources for Key stages 3 or 4 Overview The topic of Peterloo is one which continues to be intriguing. The events which took place in St. Peter’s Field, Manchester, on 16 August 1819 were controversial at the time and have remained so ever since. In this respect the topic lends itself well to the study of different interpretations and to the possible bias of some historical sources. A study of this topic can help pupils to see how the long struggle to achieve the right to vote for all adults in this country has often been hard and dangerous, developing greater respect for the value of their own vote when they are older. The story of Peterloo also allows for reflection on the issue of how the authorities deal with mass protest, where even in quite recent times there have been allegations that protestors have died in Britain through an excessive use of force by the people policing the demonstration. In this respect, a historical comparison between Peterloo and other events (such as Tiananmen Square in 1989) would be interesting. Questions Sources 1 and 2 do not describe the events of the ‘Peterloo Massacre’. However, can you suggest some ways in which they would still be useful for historians who are trying to find out about the events of that day? Look at the descriptions given of the events of Peterloo in Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7. Were all the writers present at the scene when these events happened? Explain how you know? When were Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7 written? How many years after 1819 was each person writing? Could this make their descriptions less reliable in any way? (We do not know exactly when Source 3 was written but try to explain how we can tell it was written several years after 1819) Who does each writer (Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7) blame for the deaths and injuries at ‘Peterloo’? Quote from their descriptions to support the point you are making. -
Radical Politics and Domestic Life in Late-Georgian England, C.1790-1820
The Home-Making of the English Working Class: Radical Politics and Domestic Life in late-Georgian England, c.1790-1820. Ruth Mather Queen Mary, University of London. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2016. 1 Statement of originality. I, Ruth Mather, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 20th September, 2016. Details of collaboration and publications: R. Mather, ‘These Lancashire women are witches in politics’: Female reform societies and radical theatricality in the north-west of England, c.1819-20’ in Manchester Region History Review, Vol. 23 (2012), pp.49-64. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………… 4 Abstract ………………………………………………………………… 5 List of tables and figures ………………………………………………… 6 Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………………… 9 Chapter 2: Imagining Home: Domestic Rhetoric, Gender and Political Radicalisms in England, c.1790-1820 ………………………………………………… 42 Chapter 3: The Politics of Making Home ………………………………… 69 Chapter 4: Power Relations: Family and Community in Popular Radicalism …. -
The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper
i i i i The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper ROBERT POOLE, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE Abstract The newly digitised Manchester Observer (1818–22) was England’s leading rad- ical newspaper at the time of the Peterloo meeting of August 1819, in which it played a central role. For a time it enjoyed the highest circulation of any provincial newspaper, holding a position comparable to that of the Chartist Northern Star twenty years later and pioneering dual publication in Manchester and London. Its columns provide insights into Manchester’s notoriously secretive local government and policing and into the labour and radical movements of its turbulent times. Rich materials in the Home Oce papers in the National Archives reveal much about the relationship between radicals in London and in the provinces, and show how local magistrates conspired with government to hound the radical press in the north as prosecutions in London ran into trouble. This article also sheds new light on the founding of the Manchester Guardian, which endured as the Observer’s successor more by avoiding its disasters than by following its example. Despite the imprisonment of four of its main editors and proprietors the Manchester Observer battled on for ve years before sinking in calmer water for lack of news. Keywords: Peterloo; press; newspapers; radicalism; Manchester; Guardian London has been called the strong hold of the liberty of the press; but Manchester is assuredly the centre and strong hold of the Parliamentary Reformers. (Manchester Observer, 1 September 1821) Early in 2017 the John Rylands Library accepted into its collections two bound volumes: the only complete set of the Manchester Observer (1818–22), the radical predecessor of the more famous Manchester Guardian. -
Peterloo - 16 August 1819 the Fatalities
PETERLOO - 16 AUGUST 1819 THE FATALITIES Name Residence Town Details Dates >>> Date of death Ashton John Cowhill, near Oldham Aged 41. Carried the black flag. Sabred and trampled on the field and died before reaching the Infirmary. The inquest jury DIED 16 Aug 1819 returned a verdict of accidental death. His son, Samuel, received 20/- in relief. Ashworth John Bull's-head Inn Manchester Special constable. Trampled by the cavalry on the field and possibly sabred. DIED 16 Aug 1819 Bradshaw William Lilly Hill, Pilkington Whitefield Aged 16. Suffered a severe sabre cut to his head and trampling by the Yeomanry. Died later from his injuries. DIED 29 Apr 1822 Buckley Thomas Baretrees Chadderton Sabred and stabbed with a bayonet on the field and died the same day. DIED 16 Aug 1819 Campbell Robert 18 Miller Street Manchester A watchman. Aged 57. Special constable. Killed by a mob in Newton Lane on 17 August and died next day. Buried in DIED 18 Aug 1819 St John's churchyard. Trampled upon by the cavalry on the field and died a few days later. Buried 1 September. Crompton James Barton-upon-Irwell DIED late Aug 1819 Aged 19. Sabred in the head on the field. He was in possession of a pole carrying a cap of liberty. Died in the Infirmary Dawson Edmund Saddleworth DIED 31 Aug 1819 on 31 August. Inquest produced a verdict of 'wilful murder not allowed'. Downes Margaret Sabred on the field. 'Dreadfully cut in the breast; secreted clandestinely and not heard of. Supposed dead'. BELIEVED DEAD Evans William 1 Owen Street, [Queen-street] Hulme A carter.