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ORA Application Infrastructure Foundation, Release 3.0 E14479-03 Oracle® Reference Architecture Application Infrastructure Foundation Release 3.0 E14479-03 September 2010 ORA Application Infrastructure Foundation, Release 3.0 E14479-03 Copyright © 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Anbu Krishnaswamy Contributing Author: Stephen Bennett, Dave Chappelle, Bob Hensle, Mark Wilkins, Jeff McDaniel, Cliff Booth Warranty Disclaimer THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN (THE "INFORMATION") IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. ORACLE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. ORACLE MAKES NO WARRANTY THAT THE INFORMATION IS ERROR-FREE, ACCURATE OR RELIABLE. ORACLE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES OR UPDATES AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. As individual requirements are dependent upon a number of factors and may vary significantly, you should perform your own tests and evaluations when making technology infrastructure decisions. This document is not part of your license agreement nor can it be incorporated into any contractual agreement with Oracle Corporation or its affiliates. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Third Party Content, Products, and Services Disclaimer This document may provide information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle is not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services. Limitation of Liability IN NO EVENT SHALL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT OR TORT, ARISING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO, OR USE OF, THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Send Us Your Comments ....................................................................................................................... vii Preface ................................................................................................................................................................. ix Document Purpose...................................................................................................................................... ix Audience....................................................................................................................................................... ix Document Structure.................................................................................................................................... x How to Use This Document....................................................................................................................... x Related Documents ..................................................................................................................................... x Conventions ................................................................................................................................................. xi 1 Introduction 1.1 RASP Defined.............................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.1 Reliability .............................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.1.1 Message Reliability....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.1.2 Transaction Reliability ................................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.2 Availability ........................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 Scalability.............................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.4 Performance.......................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 RASP and Foundation Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 1-4 2 Computing Foundation 2.1 Distributed Computing.............................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2 On-Demand Computing............................................................................................................ 2-2 2.3 Utility Computing....................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Grid Computing.......................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Cloud Computing ....................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.6 Elastic Computing....................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.7 Virtualization............................................................................................................................... 2-3 3 Distributed Computing 3.1 Choosing the right architecture ................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2 The Fallacies of Distributed Computing ................................................................................. 3-4 3.3 Distributed Computing and Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) .................................................. 3-4 3.4 Web Services Standards ............................................................................................................. 3-5 iii 3.5 Distributed Computing Principles ........................................................................................... 3-5 4 Grid Computing 4.1 Drivers for Grid Computing ..................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2 Grid Computing Capabilities.................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Grid computing and SOA.......................................................................................................... 4-3 4.4 Enterprise Grid............................................................................................................................ 4-4 4.5 Application Grid ......................................................................................................................... 4-5 4.5.1 Drivers for Application Grid.............................................................................................. 4-6 4.5.2 Components of Application Grid...................................................................................... 4-6 4.5.3 Clustering.............................................................................................................................. 4-7 4.5.4 Architectural issues addressed .......................................................................................... 4-8 4.5.5 Data Grid............................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.5.5.1 Architectural issues addressed................................................................................... 4-9 4.6 Database Grid........................................................................................................................... 4-10 4.6.1 Service Grid Pattern ......................................................................................................... 4-12 4.7 Evolution of Grid Architecture .............................................................................................. 4-13 4.8 Grid Management.................................................................................................................... 4-15 4.9 Grid Computing Principles .................................................................................................... 4-16 4.10 Cloud Computing .................................................................................................................... 4-16 5 Virtualization 5.1 Server Virtualization .................................................................................................................. 5-2 5.1.1 Software Level Virtualization ............................................................................................ 5-3 5.1.2 Hardware Level ................................................................................................................... 5-3 5.1.3 Operating System Subsets .................................................................................................. 5-3 5.1.4 Paravirtualization ................................................................................................................ 5-3 5.2 Service Virtualization ................................................................................................................. 5-3 5.3 Virtual
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