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Green IT & Energieeffizienz Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Green IT & Energieeffizienz - Umdenken lässt die Vision Wirklichkeit werden René Bersier, Systems Consultant, IBM Schweiz IBM Systems & Technology Group 1 © 2009 IBM Cooperation © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Table of Contents . Complexity . Virtualization ? . Some Examples . Building a Dynamic Infrastructure . Green IT…. 2 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Inefficiency is prolific – The need for progress is clear 22% empty 40-70% lost 47’000 lost In North America, up to 22 Estimated losses of In one small business percent of total port volume electrical energy because district in Los Angeles is empty containers. Port of grid systems are not smart alone, cars burn 47,000 Jersey has 100’000 empty gallons of gasoline each containers sitting in year just looking for storage. parking. 85% idle 70¢ per $1 3% used In distributed 70% on average is spent On average, for every 100 computing on maintaining current IT units of energy piped into a environments, up to infrastructures versus data center, only 3 units are 85% of computing adding new capabilities. used for actual computing. capacity sits idle. More than half goes to cooling the servers. 3 (47’000 gallons equal 117’914 liter) © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Building a Smarter Planet IBM’s smarter Four major Dynamic planet vision IBM initiatives Infrastructure Dynamic Infrastructur e New Intelligence The world has become flatter and smaller. Now Green & it must become Beyond smarter. Smart delivers superior Work business and IT services with agility and speed 4 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture IT Complexity & Green IT... 5 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Meet the Challenge in the Datacenter … 6 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Expanding Complexity... 7 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Expanding Complexity... 8 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Data center cost and complexity on the rise Spending Installed Base (US$B) (M Units) $300 50 45 Energy and cooling costs $250 Server mgmt and admin costs 40 35 $200 New server spending 30 $150 25 20 $100 15 10 $50 5 $0 0 6 8 0 6 9 97 08 10 005 199 19 199 1999 200 2001 2002 2003 2004 2 200 2007 20 200 20 Source: IDC, Virtualization 2.0: The Next Phase in Customer Adoption, Doc #204904, Dec 2006 9 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture CO2 Footprint for IT equipment ? Typically, 1kWh of energy production generates 0.5kg CO2 (on average) • It‘s depending of energy generation and region, eg. in Germany to produce 1 kWh generates 0.6kg CO2 (average) • Approx. 30% of all CO2 emissions in Germany are generated by coal-burning power plants • coal-burning power plants burn 480g coal per kWh and produce 1.1kg CO2 / kWh (on average, ww-base) • New coal-burning power plants are more efficient, but still produce 0.75kg CO2 / kWh 1 kWatt additional power will produce in one year: • 8‘760 kWh x 0.5 kg CO2 / kWh = 4.38 t CO2 (24h x 365 days x 1kW = 8‘760 kWh/year) 10 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture What’s using the power? . The processor power growth is the largest single contributor but there are many other areas- the more you pack into a server the more power it needs! OTHER? Processor Processor •AC to DC Transitions 30% Other Memory •DC to DC Deliveries 44% PCI •Fans and air movement Planar Memory Disk 11% Standby Disk Other 6% PCI Standby Planar 3% ( AC = Alternating Current ) 2% 4% ( DC = Direct Current ) 11 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture What IBM can effect . We have Power deliver –Super energy efficient power supplies deliver more power to the server – less wasted watts in AC to DC transition Less parts –Smarter shared infrastructure design means less components that draw power – less hardware means 44% less watts Smarter thermal solution –Smarter thermal solution (blower count in Blades, XDA and calibrated vector cooling in rack mounted servers) 30% Low Voltage Processor –eg: Full performance 2.8GHz Xeon processor at substantial power savings over standard Xeon 1122 May 2007 © 20©0 92 0IBM07 CIBoMop Ceorarptionration Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Power Supply Efficiency AC – DC 12V (schematic) Higher Efficiency lower Heat . Typical Load Efficiency of Server Power Supplies . 40-70% normal 100 . 20-35% redundant . IBM Power Supplies >80% at 20%+ 90 . BladeCenter / high end p / i / z % . Target for all new IBM Systems cy n . „Dynamic Power Saver“ e 80 i c i . Switching off Power Supplies automatically if not f f needed E V 70 . Tries to keep optimal load at approx. 90% max 2 1 Efficiency C . Redundant N+1 D 60 - . „Industry Std“ total efficiency lower C A . At ca. 70-80% (without UPS) 50 . DC-DC losses ~10% due to on-board IB M B la de C e n te r S td M e d S td lo w converters used 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % Max load 13 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Where are all those kW consumed ? 100 80 Server 60 Server Hardware 40 Loads Data Center 20 0 Ty pical Utilization Mainf rame 80 – 90% Unix 10 – 20% Wintel 5 – 12% AC/DC Fans; 9% losses; 25% Used Resource Idle; 80% 20% HVAC, IT = 3,6% of total UPS Pr oces s or power DC/DC 40% 60% losses; 10% 30% Standby; 2% Drives; 6% P CI; 3% Memory; 11% P lanar; 4% Need one more W of compute energy ? 27 W data center X1,7 16 W equiv IT power x3 5 W equiv processor x5 +1 W equiv. used ressource Sites & Facilities Systems Design 14 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Legacy solutions with dedicated systems Microspikes and lots of white space are typical Legacy solution with dedicated systems Test/Development BW Production ERP Production Portal Production ERP Production Mean values: Portal Production Peak 1 min = 76% Peak 1 hr avg = 21% Peak 8 hr avg = 10% Peak 24 hr avg = 4% 15 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Typical x86 Utilization – Low for x86 and small UNIX servers 25% (Swiss customer; Windows shown; Intel Linux at 4%) 20% ) t e ht c 15% wi ge ( ung t s 10% a l us A 5% 0% 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 Zeit (48h Messung) (red dots include 15 servers used for „High Performance Cluster“, 100% utilized) 16 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Current Technology: Air Cooling Concepts Temperature map of a data center Air cooling inefficiencies • Non-specific coolant delivery • Thermal short-cuts due to recirculation from outlet to inlet • Cross-talk between computer room air conditioners • Difficult planning and prediction • Minimal knowledge about temperature Temperature Feedback Temperature Feedback distribution T T Floor Leak Recirculation Short Circuit Conclusion Today’s thermal management infrastructure is over dimensioned to keep hot spot’s cool Obstructions in Air Flow 17 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture It’s time to start thinking differently about infrastructure. 18 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Delivering business value with innovation at all levels Information on Demand SOA Infrastructure Solutions Supercomputing Capacity on Demand Grid Computing Infrastructure Capacity on Demand Product Families Mainframe Power Modular Blades Storage Technology & Packaging IBM z/Architecture™ Power Cell Broadband X-Architecture™ Architecture™ Engine™ 19 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture IBM Systems Family Overview z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, Linux for z AIX, i (i5/OS, OS/400), Linux for Power Windows, VMware, Linux System z Power Systems System x (zSeries, S/390) (pSeries, RS/6000 / iSeries, AS/400) (xSeries, Netfinity) e g Memory d i Controller r B Scalability Scalability Port XX44 Controller IO e g rid B IO Nova 0 Nova 1 Nova 2 Nova 3 Nova 4 Nova 5 Nova 6 Nova 7 Memory Memory Memory Memory card 1 card 2 card 3 card 4 20 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Virtualization ? 21 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Virtualization and Consolidation saves Energy ! T y p ica l U n ix a Target for n d I n Virtualization tel E n v iro n m e Represents a n physical server t 22 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Virtualization Basics A Virtual Machine simulates the existence of a dedicated real machine, including processor functions, storage, and input/ output resources. Linux Linux CMS z/VSE z/OS z/VM Virtual z/VM PR/SM I/O and Network Memory Real Processors 23 © 2009 IBM Cooperation Building a smarter planet with a dynamic infras tru cture Virtualization Technology Evolution z/VM Virtual Machines with CMS, z/OS, s/VSE and s/VM with....
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